CN102917591A - 嘧霉胺和单萜烯的组合 - Google Patents
嘧霉胺和单萜烯的组合 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/06—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to a cycloaliphatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing keto or thioketo groups as part of a ring, e.g. cyclohexanone, quinone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ketals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明涉及嘧霉胺或其盐与单萜烯或其盐的组合,其提供改善的杀生物作用。更详细地讲,本发明涉及以提供协同杀生物作用的相应比例包含嘧霉胺或其盐以及选自麝香草酚和β-欧侧柏酚的单萜烯的组合的组合物。包含这些组合的组合物可用于保护任何生命材料或非生命材料,诸如农作物、植物、果实、种子、由木材、茅草等制成的物品、工程材料、生物可降解的材料和纺织品以防由于诸如细菌、真菌、酵母菌、藻类、病毒等微生物的作用而变质。
Description
本发明涉及嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)或其盐与单萜烯或其盐的组合,其提供改善的杀生物作用。更详细地讲,本发明涉及以相应比例包含嘧霉胺或其盐以及选自麝香草酚和β-欧侧柏酚的单萜烯的组合以提供协同的杀生物作用的组合物。包含这些组合的组合物可用于保护任何生命材料或非生命材料,诸如农作物、植物、果实、种子、由木材、茅草等制成的物品、工程材料、生物可降解的材料和纺织品,以防由于诸如细菌、真菌、酵母菌、藻类、病毒等微生物的作用而变质。
微生物在诸如酒精发酵、奶酪熟化、面包烘烤、青霉素生产、废水净化、生物气体生产等过程中极其有用且甚至是必不可少。然而,微生物也可能是有害或高度危险的;其引起传染性疾病、形成毒性或致癌的代谢物并侵蚀有价值的材料、妨碍生产过程或损坏产品的品质。
杀生物剂或杀微生物剂是广泛且多样的化合物群组,其能够控制微生物、即清除、杀死或抑制微生物或减少诸如细菌、真菌、酵母菌和藻类的微生物的生长或增殖。一种重要的杀生物剂群组为杀菌剂和杀真菌剂。因为细菌和真菌随处存在,所以其破坏活动(生物腐蚀)基本不可避免。尽管如此,物品可借助于通过杀死细菌或真菌或抑制其发展而防止细菌或真菌在相关场所繁殖的化合物而受到保护。
现在已经发现嘧霉胺(以下简称为组分I)和选自麝香草酚和β-欧侧柏酚的单萜烯(以下简称为组分II)的组合在控制微生物方面具有协同作用。
嘧霉胺组分(I)是具有预防和医疗作用的杀真菌剂且用以控制藤本植物、果实、蔬菜和观赏植物上的灰霉。嘧霉胺(I)是4,6-二甲基-N-苯基-2-哌啶胺的一般名称,其可由下式表示:
单萜烯化合物(II)具有以下结构:
嘧霉胺(I)和单萜烯化合物(II)可以游离碱形式或以酸加成盐形式存在,后者可通过碱形式与适当酸的反应来获得。适当的酸例如包括无机酸,诸如氢卤酸,即氢氟酸、氢氯酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、次膦酸等;或有机酸,诸如乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、2-羟基丙酸、2-氧代-丙酸、乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、(Z)-2-丁烯二酸、(E)-2-丁烯二酸、2-羟基丁二酸、2,3-二羟基丁二酸、2-羟基-1,2,3-丙三酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、4-甲基苯磺酸、环己烷氨基磺酸、2-羟基苯甲酸、4-氨基-2-羟基-苯甲酸等。
本发明的化合物具有抵抗诸如细菌、真菌、酵母菌和病毒的大范围的微生物的杀生物活性。细菌包括革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。真菌例如包括木材变色菌(wood-discoloring fungi)、木腐菌(wood-destroying fungi)和植物病原性真菌。病毒包括HIV、SARS和禽流感病毒。
本发明的杀生物组合物可用于保存木材、木制品、皮革、天然或合成纺织品、纤维、非机织织物、工艺纺织品、增塑材料和非增塑热塑性塑料如聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等、纸张、壁纸、绝缘材料、层压板、氨树脂模塑料、油漆和涂料、织物、地毯、合成纤维如增塑聚合物、粗麻布、绳和绳索和生物可降解材料以及保护所述材料抵抗由细菌或真菌引起的侵蚀和破坏。作为为可用本发明的组合物保存的木材或木制品例如有木料、伐木、铁道枕木、电话线杆、栅栏、木覆板、柳条制品、窗和门、胶合板、颗粒板、木屑板(waferboard)、刨花板、细木工制品、在地面以上的暴露环境中使用的木材如甲板及在接触地面或新鲜水或咸水环境中使用的木材、桥梁或通常用于房屋建筑、修建和木工中的木制品。除了木材以外,可受益于用本发明的组合物的处理的生物可降解材料包括纤维素材料,诸如棉。
本发明的杀生物组合物可用于防止如下情况中的微生物污染或生物膜形成:多种工业加工,诸如与流体接触或在流体输送中涉及的垫圈、管道和管材,用于食品输送、加工或生产的传送带、表面和塑料组件;以及医疗活动,诸如医疗设备和装置,如导管、起搏器、植入物、手术设备和无菌纺织品。
本发明的杀生物组合物可用于预防卫生问题,如不想要的细菌、真菌或藻类在表面上的生长;安全问题,如在封闭用水系统中军团菌(Legionella)的存在、在医院中的医院感染、多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的存在;气味问题,如在织物如短袜、毛巾、防护制服、鞋内衬,或在过滤器或地毯中。本发明同样可以保护涂布有超卫生聚合物(ultra-hygienic polymer)的区域或物品,如用于制造电气装置如照明开关和开关板;卫生洁具,诸如马桶座圈;和门把手、栏杆、婴儿尿布台、电话及其中需要最高水平的卫生防护的其他最终用途应用。
本发明的杀生物组合物可用于防止细菌、真菌或藻类在表面上生长和由此引起的所考虑材料的审美问题。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及控制微生物在木材、木制品和生物可降解的材料上生长的方法,其包括应用抗微生物有效量的以提供协同杀生物作用的相应比例包含组分(I)和组分(II)的组合的组合物到木材、木制品、皮革、天然或合成纺织品、纤维、非机织织物、工艺纺织品、增塑材料和非增塑热塑性塑料如聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等,纸张、壁纸、绝缘材料、层压板、氨树脂模塑料、油漆和涂料、织物、地毯、合成纤维如增塑聚合物、粗麻布、绳和绳索上。
本发明的杀生物组合物还可用以保护工程材料以抵抗微生物。意欲保护的工程材料可为胶、胶料(size)、油漆和塑料制品、冷却润滑剂、水性液压流体及可被微生物感染或被微生物分解的其他非生命材料。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及控制微生物在工程材料上生长的方法,其包括应用抗微生物有效量的以提供协同杀生物作用的相应比例包含组分(I)和组分(II)的组合的组合物到待处理的工程材料上。
根据本发明的杀生物组合物还可用以保护植物、植物部分,如果实、花束、花朵、叶子、茎、根、插枝、植物块茎、果实和种子。
作为可使用根据本发明的组分(I)和(II)的组合的品种繁多的载培植物的实例,可指出例如谷物,例如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、稻子、高粱等;甜菜,例如糖甜菜和饲用甜菜;仁果和核果及浆果,例如苹果、梨、李子、桃子、巴旦杏、樱桃、草莓、木莓和黑莓;豆科植物,例如菜豆、扁豆、豌豆、黄豆;油质植物,例如油菜、芥菜、罂粟、橄榄树、向日葵、椰子、蓖麻、可可树、落花生;葫芦科,例如南瓜、小黄瓜、甜瓜、黄瓜、南瓜;纤维植物,例如棉花、亚麻、大麻、黄麻;柑桔类水果,例如橙、柠檬、葡萄柚、柑橘;蔬菜,例如菠菜、莴苣、芦笋,十字花科,诸如卷心菜和萝卜、胡萝卜、洋葱、番茄、马铃薯、辣椒和甜椒;月桂类植物,例如鳄梨树、肉桂、樟树;或如下植物,诸如玉米、烟草、坚果类、咖啡、甘蔗、茶、藤本植物、蛇麻子、香蕉、橡胶植物以及观赏植物,例如花、灌木、落叶树和常绿树如针叶树。该载培植物表是出于说明而非限制本发明的目的而给出。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及控制微生物在植物、植物部分、果实和种子上生长的方法,其包括应用抗微生物有效量的以提供协同杀生物作用的相应比例包含组分(I)和组分(II)的组合的组合物到待处理的植物、植物部分、果实和种子上。
在包含组分(I)和组分(II)的组合的组合物中组分(I)与组分(II)的相对比例为当与包含单独的组分(I)或单独的组分(II)作为活性成分的组合物相比较时产生协同杀生物作用的那些比例。如本领域的技术人员应理解,所述协同作用可根据效果测量所针对的微生物的种类和待处理的基材而在组合物中组分(I)和(II)的各种比例中获得。基于本发明的教导,所述组合的协同作用的测定可根据如在实验1中所述的毒板检验(Poison Plate Assay)的方法来进行。然而,按一般规律,据说,对于大多数微生物,在活性组合物中组分(I)与组分(II)的量的合适重量比例将在10:1至1:10范围内。详细地讲,该范围是4:1至1:4,更详细地讲,3:1至1:3或2:1至1:2。在本发明的组合物中组分(I)与组分(II)的另一特定比率是组分(I)与组分(II)之比为1:1。
在本发明的组合物中各种活性成分的量应该是获得协同杀生物作用的量。在现成可用的组合物中组分(I)与组分(II)的浓度还取决于使用这些组合物的具体条件。具体地讲,预期本发明的现成可用的组合物以10-50.000mg/l的范围包含组分(I)。组分(II)以10-50.000mg/l或mg/kg的量存在。
根据本发明的组合物包含提供协同杀生物作用的相应比例的组分(I)与组分(II)的组合以及一种或多种可接受的载体。
这些载体为任何材料或物质,其用于将组分(I)和(II)的组合物配制以便于所述组合物应用/散播到待处理的位点,例如通过溶解、分散或扩散所述组合物,和/或促进其储存、运输或处理而不损害其抗真菌有效性。所述可接受的载体可为固体或液体或已经被压缩形成液体的气体,包括描述为超临界流体的物理状态,即,本发明的组合物可合适地作为浓缩物、乳液、可乳化的浓缩物、油可溶混的悬浮浓缩物、油可溶混的液体、可溶性浓缩物、溶液、颗粒、粉末、喷雾、气溶胶、丸粒或粉剂使用。
在许多情况下,直接使用的杀生物组合物可由浓缩物、诸如可乳化的浓缩物、悬浮浓缩物或可溶性浓缩物在用水性或有机介质稀释后获得,所述浓缩物意欲由如在本发明的定义中使用的术语组合物所涵盖。所述浓缩物可在即将使用之前在喷雾槽中稀释成现成可用的混合物。优选本发明的组合物将含有约0.01-95%重量的组分(I)和(II)的组合。更优选该范围为0.1-90%重量。最优选该范围视选择用于特定应用目的的制剂类型而为1-80%重量,如在下文中进一步详细解释。
可乳化的浓缩物为欲在于水中稀释之后作为乳液应用的组分(I)和(II)的液态均相制剂。悬浮浓缩物为打算在使用前用水稀释的活性成分在流体中的稳定悬浮液。可溶性浓缩物为欲在于水中稀释之后作为活性成分的真溶液应用的液态均相制剂。
本发明的杀生物组合物还可配制为蜡状物以作为例如果实、尤其是柑桔类水果的覆盖物或涂料使用。
在另一实施方案中,本发明还涉及含有仅两种活性成分和一种或多种载体的组合物:即作为组分(I)的嘧霉胺和作为组分(II)的选自麝香草酚和β-欧侧柏酚的单萜烯化合物的组合而不存在其他活性成分。这还适用于如在本发明中所述的处理方法。因此,还涵盖如下组合物,其含有作为组分(I)的嘧霉胺和作为组分(II)的选自麝香草酚和β-欧侧柏酚的单萜烯化合物的组合和一种或多种载体的组合物,其中组分(I)和组分(II)为提供协同杀生物作用的相应比例。按一般规律,据说在这些杀生物组合物中组分(I)与组分(II)的量的合适重量比例将在10:1至1:10范围内。详细地讲,该范围是4:1至1:4,更详细地讲,3:1至1:3或2:1至1:2.。所述载体在上文中描述。
根据本发明的杀生物组合物可用于果实、特别是柑桔类水果的收获后处理中。在后一种情况下,果实将用液态制剂喷雾或者浸泡或喷淋到液态制剂中或者果实可用蜡状组合物涂布。后一蜡状组合物通过充分混合悬浮浓缩物与合适的石蜡来方便地制备。用于喷雾、浸泡或喷淋应用的制剂可在用水性介质稀释诸如可乳化的浓缩物、悬浮浓缩物或可溶性液体的浓缩物之后来制备。在大多数情况下,所述浓缩物由活性成分、分散或悬浮剂(表面活性剂)、增稠剂、少量有机溶剂、湿润剂、任选一些抗冻剂和水组成。
本发明的杀生物组合物还可用于保护种子抵抗真菌。为此,可将本发明的杀真菌组合物涂布在种子上,在这种情况下,种子颗粒用活性成分的液态组合物连续喷淋或它们用预先组合的组合物涂布。所述组合物还可使用例如旋转盘状喷雾器喷雾或雾化到种子上。
组分(I)和(II)的组合优选以其中使所述两种组分密切混合以确保同时施用到待保护的材料上的组合物形式应用。组分(I)和(II)两者的施用或应用也可为“贯序-组合”施用或应用,即组分(I)和一种或多种组分(II)在相同位置以它们必然会在待处理的位点变得混合在一起的方式交替地或贯序地施用或应用。如果贯序施用或应用在短时间、例如在小于24小时、优选小于12小时内发生, 这将会实现。在木材保存的情况下,木材通常需要在单个应用之间干燥,因此在贯序应用之间的时间可能扩展到高达数周,直至用于第一处理的溶剂已经蒸发和/或木材再次达到适合应用杀真菌制剂的木材水分含量。该交替方法可例如通过使用包括用包含活性组分(I)的制剂填充的至少一个容器和用包含活性组分(II)的制剂填充的至少一个容器的合适单包装来进行。因此,本发明还涵盖以下产品,其包含:
- (a) 包含作为组分(I)的嘧霉胺或其盐的组合物;和
- (b) 包含作为组分(II)的选自麝香草酚和β-欧侧柏酚的单萜烯化合物的组合物;
作为同时或贯序使用的组合,其中所述组合物(a)和(b)呈提供协同杀生物作用的相应比例。所述产品可由包括单独容器的合适包装组成,其中各容器包含优选以制剂形式的组分(I)或组分(II)。所述制剂形式通常具有与对于含有两种活性成分的制剂所描述的组成相同的组成。
用于本发明的组合物中的合适载体和助剂可为固体或液体且对应于制剂领域中已知的合适物质,诸如天然或再生的矿物质、溶剂、分散剂、表面活性剂、湿润剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂、粘合剂、肥料或抗冻剂。
除了上述组分(I)和(II)两者以外,本发明的组合物还可包含其他活性成分,例如其他杀微生物剂,尤其是杀真菌剂以及杀虫剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂和肥料。
组分(I)和(II)以未改性的形式使用或优选与在制剂领域中常规采用的助剂一起使用。它们因此遵循本领域已知的程序配制成可乳化的浓缩物、可直接喷雾或稀释的溶液、稀释乳液、可湿性粉剂、可溶性粉剂、粉末、颗粒以及在例如聚合物物质中的胶囊。正如所述组合物的性质一样,诸如喷雾、雾化、粉尘化、散布、倾注、生烟和热喷雾的应用方法根据预定目标和占优势的环境而选择。
包含活性成分和在适当情况下包含固体或液体助剂的制剂、即组合物、制品或混合物以已知方式制备,例如通过均相混合和/或研磨活性成分与增量剂如溶剂、固体载体和在适当的情况下的表面活性化合物(表面活性剂)。
合适的溶剂为芳族烃,优选含有8-12个碳原子的馏分,例如二甲苯混合物或被取代的萘、邻苯二甲酸酯如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或邻苯二甲酸二辛酯;脂族或脂环族烃,诸如环己烷或石蜡;醇和二醇及其醚和酯,诸如乙醇、乙二醇、乙二醇单甲醚或乙二醇单乙醚;酮,诸如环己酮;强极性溶剂,诸如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺;以及植物油或环氧化植物油,诸如环氧化椰子油或大豆油;或水。
例如用于粉尘和可分散性粉剂的固体载体通常为天然矿物填料,诸如方解石、滑石、高岭土、蒙脱石或绿坡缕石。为了改善物理性质,还可以加入高度分散的硅酸或高度分散的吸收性聚合物。合适的颗粒化的吸收性载体具有多孔类型,例如浮石、碎砖、海泡石或斑脱土;且合适的非吸收性载体为诸如方解石或砂子的材料。另外,可使用无机或有机性质的大量预颗粒化的材料,例如特别是白云石或粉碎的植物残体。
将在本发明的组合物中使用的合适表面活性化合物为具有良好乳化、分散且湿润性质的非离子、阳离子和/或阴离子表面活性剂。术语“表面活性剂”也将被理解为包括表面活性剂的混合物。
在本发明的组合物中使用的适当载体和助剂可为固体或液体且对应于本领域中用于制备用于处理植物或其场所或用于处理植物产品、尤其是用于处理木材的制剂而已知的合适物质,诸如天然或再生的矿物质、溶剂、分散剂、表面活性剂、湿润剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂、粘合剂、肥料、抗冻剂、驱虫剂、颜色添加剂、防腐剂、憎水剂、催干剂、UV稳定剂及其他活性成分。
合适的阴离子表面活性剂可为水溶性肥皂和水溶性合成表面活性剂两者。
合适的肥皂为高级脂肪酸(C10-C22)的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或未被取代或被取代的铵盐,例如油酸或硬脂酸的钠或钾盐或可例如由椰子油或脂油获得的天然脂肪酸混合物的钠或钾盐。另外,还可提供到脂肪酸的甲基氨基乙磺酸盐(fatty acid methyltaurin salt)。
然而,更频繁地,使用所谓的合成表面活性剂,特别是脂肪磺酸盐、脂肪硫酸盐、磺化苯并咪唑衍生物或烷基芳基磺酸盐。所述脂肪磺酸盐或硫酸盐通常以碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或未被取代或被取代的铵盐形式使用或含有具有8-22个碳原子的烷基残基,所述烷基还包含衍生自酰基的残基,例如,木质素磺酸的钠或钙盐、十二烷基磺酸的钠或钙盐或由天然脂肪酸获得的脂肪醇硫酸盐的混合物的钠或钙盐。这些化合物还包括脂肪醇/环氧乙烷加合物的硫酸酯和磺酸的盐。所述磺化苯并咪唑衍生物优选含有2个磺酸基和一个含有8-22个碳原子的脂肪酸残基。烷基芳基磺酸盐的实例有十二烷基苯磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸或萘磺酸/甲醛缩合产物的钠、钙或三乙醇胺盐。同样合适的有相应磷酸盐,例如对壬基苯酚与4-14摩尔的环氧乙烷的加合物的磷酸酯的盐,或磷脂。
非离子表面活性剂优选为脂族或脂环族醇或聚乙二醇醚衍生物或饱和或不饱和脂肪酸和烷基酚,所述衍生物含有3-10个二醇醚基团和在(脂族)烃部分中含8-20个碳原子且在烷基酚的烷基部分中含6-18个碳原子。
其他合适的非离子表面活性剂为聚氧化乙烯与聚丙二醇、在烷基链中含有1-10个碳原子的乙二胺聚丙二醇的水溶性加合物,所述加合物含有20-250个乙二醇醚基团和10-100个丙二醇醚基团。这些化合物通常含有1-5个乙二醇单元/每1个丙二醇单元。
非离子表面活性剂的代表性实例有壬基酚-聚乙氧基乙醇、蓖麻油聚乙二醇醚、聚氧化丙烯/聚氧化乙烯加合物、三丁基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇、聚乙二醇和辛基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇。诸如聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯的聚乙烯失水山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯也是合适的非离子表面活性剂。
可用于改善应用和降低活性成分的剂量的特别有利的添加剂有脑磷脂或卵磷脂类型的天然(动物或植物)或合成磷脂,诸如磷脂酰基-乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油、溶血卵磷脂或心磷脂。所述磷脂可从动物或植物细胞中、尤其是从脑、心脏或肝组织、蛋黄或黄豆中获得。适当的所述磷脂例如为磷脂酰胆碱混合物。合成磷脂例如为二辛基磷脂酰胆碱和二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱。
实验部分
实验1:毒板检验
组分(I)的名称:嘧霉胺
组分(II)的名称:麝香草酚(II-a)
β-欧侧柏酚(II-b)
试验模型:真菌:向24孔微量滴定板的各孔中加入1000μl以剂量系列浓度之一含有试验化合物的适当组合的葡糖琼脂(GA:在1升去离子水中的10g葡萄糖、1.5g K2HPO4、2g KH2PO4、1g (NH4)2SO4、0.5g MgSO4和12.5g琼脂)。将培养基通过加入孢子/菌丝体悬浮液(10μl)或得自活跃生长的菌落的边缘的一小片琼脂而用试验真菌接种,并且在暗处在27℃下、70%相对湿度下培育。在两周后评价真菌的生长。
在此使用葡糖琼脂而不是PDA(马铃薯葡糖琼脂)来作为用于真菌的供选的较贫瘠的培养基,目的是增加检测在如嘧霉胺的化合物中的活性的机会,PDA具有真菌可容易地在更肥沃的培养基上规避的作用模式(Birchmore等,1996, Copping & Hewitt 1998, Fritz等,1997)。
浓度:300-225-169-127-95-71-53.4-40.1-30.0-22.5-16.9-12.7ppm。除了该剂量系列以外,单一的嘧霉胺还在9.50-7.13-5.34-4.01-3.01-2.25-1.69-1.27-0.95-0.71-0.53-0.40ppm下试验以限定其活性下限。
试验组合:
%产物A + %产物B
100 + 0
80 + 20
66 + 33
50 + 50
33 + 66
20 + 80
0 + 100
试验物种:真菌:
出芽短梗霉菌(Aureobasidium pullulans)P268
球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum)CEB1218.2
枝孢样枝孢菌(Cladosporium cladosporioides)B41836
灰色腐质霉菌(Humicola grisea)MG28
黑色葡萄穗霉菌(Stachybotrys atra)CBS328.37
黑细极格孢菌(Ulocladium atrum)IMI 214669a
记下MIC值(在ppm总活性成分中的最低抑制浓度)且使用由Kull等(Kull, F.C., P.C. Eismann, H.D. Sylvestrowicz和R.L. Mayer (1961) “Mixtures of quaternary ammonium compounds and long-chain fatty acids as antifungal agents” Applied Microbiology 9: 538-541;还参见Zwart Voorspuij, A.J.和C.A.G. Nass (1957) “Some aspects of the notions additivity, synergism and antagonism in the simultaneous activity of two antibacterial agents in vitro” Arch. intern. Pharmaco-dynamie 109: 211-228; Steinberg, D.C. (2000) “Measuring synergy” cosmetics & Toiletries 115(11): 59-62;及Lada, A., A.N. Petrocci, H.A. Green和J.J. Merianos (1977) “Antimicrobial composition” 美国专利4061750, 3页)描述的协同作用指数法计算协同作用:
其中:
●Qa为单独作用的化合物A的浓度,ppm,其产生一个终点(例如,MIC),
●Qa为在混合物中的化合物A的浓度,ppm,其产生一个终点(例如,MIC),
●Qb为单独作用的化合物B的浓度,ppm,其产生一个终点(例如,MIC),
●Qb为在混合物中的化合物B的浓度,ppm,其产生一个终点(例如,MIC),
当协同作用指数大于1.0时,指示拮抗作用。当SI等于1.0时,指示相加作用。当SI小于1.0时,证明协同效应。
表1:MIC-值(最低抑制浓度,ppm)和嘧霉胺(组分(I))与麝香草酚(组分(II-a))的组合的协同作用指数
表2:MIC-值(最低抑制浓度,ppm)和嘧霉胺(组分(I))与β-欧侧柏酚(II-b)的组合的协同作用指数
Claims (11)
1.组合物,其包含作为组分(I)的嘧霉胺和作为组分(II)的选自麝香草酚和β-欧侧柏酚的单萜烯化合物的组合;
其中组分(I)和组分(II)呈提供协同杀生物作用的相应比例。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述单萜烯化合物为麝香草酚。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中单萜烯化合物为β-欧侧柏酚。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中组分(I)与组分(II)的重量比为10:1至1:10。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中组分(I)与组分(II)的重量比为4:1至1:4。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的组合物,其中组分(I)的量在10-50.000mg/L范围内且组分(II)的量在10-50.000mg/l范围内。
7.控制微生物在木材、木制品和生物可降解的材料上的生长的方法,其包括将抗微生物有效量的权利要求1-6中任一项的组合物应用到待处理的木材、木制品和生物可降解的材料上。
8.控制微生物在工程材料上的生长的方法,其包括将抗微生物有效量的权利要求1-6中任一项的组合物应用到待处理的工程材料上。
9.控制微生物在植物、植物部分、果实和种子上的生长的方法,其包括将抗微生物有效量的权利要求1-6中任一项的组合物应用到待处理的植物、植物部分、果实和种子上。
10.制备权利要求1-6中任一项的协同组合物的方法,其特征在于将所述组分(I)和所述组分(II)彼此密切混合。
11.产品,其含有:
(a) 包含作为组分(I)的嘧霉胺的组合物;和
(b) 包含作为组分(II)的选自麝香草酚和β-欧侧柏酚的单萜烯化合物的组合物,作为组合用于同时或贯序使用,其中所述组合物(a)和(b)呈提供协同杀生物作用的相应比例。
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EP2579718A2 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
EP2579718B1 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
AU2011263720A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
US9320275B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
IL223425A (en) | 2016-07-31 |
US20150305337A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
PL2579718T3 (pl) | 2015-03-31 |
CA2800029C (en) | 2018-06-05 |
WO2011154487A3 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
CA2800029A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
US9119399B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 |
AU2011263720B2 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
CL2012003440A1 (es) | 2013-04-01 |
US20160192654A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
ZA201209299B (en) | 2014-05-28 |
US20140142130A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
MA34288B1 (fr) | 2013-06-01 |
AR082181A1 (es) | 2012-11-21 |
US8691834B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 |
ES2526145T3 (es) | 2015-01-07 |
WO2011154487A2 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
CN102917591B (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
MX2012014363A (es) | 2013-01-22 |
US20130079363A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
US9538754B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
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