CN102915848A - Dye-sensitized solar cell - Google Patents
Dye-sensitized solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN102915848A CN102915848A CN 201110219010 CN201110219010A CN102915848A CN 102915848 A CN102915848 A CN 102915848A CN 201110219010 CN201110219010 CN 201110219010 CN 201110219010 A CN201110219010 A CN 201110219010A CN 102915848 A CN102915848 A CN 102915848A
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- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell which is characterized by comprising a first substrate, a second substrate and a photovoltaic conversion layer. The photovoltaic conversion layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and comprises an electrolytic condenser and dye adsorption units, and the dye adsorption units are distributed in the electrolytic condenser. The dye-sensitized solar cell and a diode are arranged on the top of a lampshade, is connected to a storage battery in a barrel through a conductor wire.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of solar cells, be specifically related to remove solar battery surface and inner defective without mask local caustic solution and device.
Background technology
Solar energy power generating more and more receives publicity, the photovoltaic industry fast development, and new technology emerges in an endless stream.In order to satisfy specific technical matters requirement, need to develop suitable process unit.Solar cell mainly comprises several large classes such as crystal silicon solar battery, thin film solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cells.
Crystal-silicon solar cell comprises single crystal silicon solar cell and polycrystalline silicon solar cell.At present, crystal-silicon solar cell accounts for more than 90% of solar cell output.
In order to say something, Fig. 1 is the crystal-silicon solar cell schematic diagram of generally producing at present with being without loss of generality, and it is comprised of emitter region 3, base 5, antireflective film 2, front electrode 1 and back electrode 6.Pn knot 4 is arranged between base 5 and the emitter region 3.
In the manufacturing process of solar cell, because a variety of causes, it is substandard product that 2% defective off standard is arranged in final products approximately.These defective solar cells can reduce photoelectric efficiency, need to effectively process them.Global solar cell output surpassed 20GWp in 2010, thereby had the effectively reparation of a large amount of defective batteries sheets, so that these defective batteries sheets reach best photoelectric conversion efficiency.
The defective of solar cell mainly comprises electric leakage and surface contamination, and wherein, electric leakage roughly is divided into following three types from forming reason.
(1) diffusion layer electric leakage: after the process High temperature diffusion forms heavily doped diffusion layer, because the diffusion layer of side, edge is not removed fully, these diffusion layers of not removing fully can form the short circuit current passage between solar cell front surface emitter region 3 and the rear surface back electrode 6, i.e. side diffusion layer electric leakage; Before the diffusion, if in solar cell, have crackle or pin hole etc., in diffusion process, also can form heavily doped diffusion layer along the surface perpendicular to the direction of cell plane at pin hole or crackle so, these heavily doped diffusion layers can not be removed in plasma etching or single face chemical corrosion, thereby form the short circuit current passage between solar cell front surface emitter region 3 and base 5 even the rear surface back electrode 6, i.e. diffusion inside layer electric leakage.
(2) the pn knot runs through electric leakage: after diffusion technology, exist from the emitter region 3 in the silicon chip and penetrate the defectives such as foreign atom, foreign atoms group or dislocation that pn knot 4 arrives bases 5, these defectives can be destroyed the electrical characteristics of desirable pn knot, can form from the emitter region 3 and penetrate the leak channel that pn knot 4 arrives bases 5, namely the pn knot runs through electric leakage.This pn knot runs through the inside battery that electric leakage mainly is distributed in close pn knot 4, does not remove owing to heavily doped layer in the situation that totally has the pn knot in the side, also exists in the side.
(3) foreign matter stains electric leakage: because solar cell is in printing, oven dry and sintering process, attach other foreign matters such as electrode slurry in the solar cell side, perhaps in pin hole or crackle, also be filled with other foreign matters such as electrode slurry, these foreign matters can form the leak channel between front electrode 1/ emitter region 3 and base 5/ back electrode 6, and namely foreign matter stains electric leakage.In the side of battery and the inside of battery, this foreign matter stains electric leakage and all might exist.
In above-mentioned 3 kinds of electric leakage defectives, for the electric leakage defective of solar cell side, the existing methods such as plasma etching, laser ablation, gauze polishing and the immersion of chemical corrosion liquid edge of using are removed at present.
Yet for the defective beyond the solar cell side, for example the above-mentioned electric leakage defective of solar cell inside and the surface contamination that is positioned at solar battery surface of being positioned at also do not have a kind of effectively suitable industrialized method to remove them.If these defectives are not removed or repaired, then local has the solar cell of electric leakage shadow effect in use very likely to occur, can make solar cell hot spot occur, thereby burn out solar cell.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 2, tie 4 places on the solar cell plane with interior pn and have electric leakage defective 7.The zone of electric leakage defective 7 is usually less than 0.5mmx0.5mm.
At present the processing of the solar cell that has the electric leakage defective is generally they are cut into the baby battery sheet, the small pieces that then will wherein leak electricity abandon, and just utilizing wherein not have the baby battery sheet that leaks electricity.Because the small pieces solar cell that cuts out all much larger than the area of electric leakage defective itself, generally reaches 10cm
2More than, therefore still there are many areas that suitable photoelectric conversion efficiency is arranged, if thereby it is abandoned will cause very large waste
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the following problem that exists in the above-mentioned prior art and propose: 1. photoelectric properties are normal near the defective is wasted greatly; 2. too little through the later small pieces solar cell operating current of cutting.For this reason, the invention provides a kind of without any need for mask, just can utilize method that chemical reagent falls solar battery surface or inner defect etching namely without mask local caustic solution and device namely without mask local corrosion device.Specifically, the defective beyond the defective that refers to the solar cell side without mask local caustic solution and device institute repair-deficiency of the present invention, for example the electric leakage defective of the surface contamination of solar battery surface and/or solar cell inside.
Particularly, the present invention provides without mask local caustic solution, without mask local corrosion device and solar cell in order to address the above problem, and following method, device and solar cell specifically is provided.
[1] a kind of remove solar battery surface or inner defective without mask local caustic solution, above-mentioned solar cell comprises positive electrode, photoelectric conversion region and negative electrode, there are defective in surface or inside at above-mentioned solar cell, it is characterized in that said method may further comprise the steps:
The zone surface, corresponding with defects at above-mentioned solar cell applies chemical corrosion liquid; And
The reactant of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid and above-mentioned solar cell reaction generation is removed from above-mentioned zone.
[2] it is characterized in that without mask local caustic solution that according to above-mentioned [1] is described the step of above-mentioned removal reactant comprises:
The reacted residue of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is removed in the lump.
[3] it is characterized in that without mask local caustic solution that according to above-mentioned [1] or [2] is described the step of above-mentioned removal reactant comprises:
Adopt inside to remove above-mentioned reactant for the discharging tube of negative pressure.
[4] it is characterized in that without mask local caustic solution that according to above-mentioned [3] are described the above-mentioned step that applies chemical corrosion liquid comprises:
Adopt the feed pipe that is communicated with above-mentioned discharging tube fluid that above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is drawn onto above-mentioned zone.
[5] it is characterized in that without mask local caustic solution that according to above-mentioned [3] or [4] are described the step of above-mentioned removal reactant comprises:
Adopt the negative pressure in the above-mentioned discharging tube that above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is limited in the above-mentioned zone.
[6] it is characterized in that without mask local caustic solution that according to above-mentioned [4] or [5] are described the step of above-mentioned removal reactant comprises:
Employing is limited in above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid in the above-mentioned zone at the elastomeric element that the mouth of pipe place of above-mentioned discharging tube or above-mentioned feed pipe arranges.
[7] it is characterized in that without mask local caustic solution that according to the either side of above-mentioned [1]-[6] is described above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid comprises H
2O, H
3PO
4, HCl, SbF
5, HNO
3With HF one or a combination set of.
[8] it is characterized in that without mask local caustic solution that according to the either side of above-mentioned [1]-[7] is described above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid comprises H
2O, KOH and NaOH one or a combination set of.
[9] it is characterized in that without mask local caustic solution that according to the either side of above-mentioned [1]-[8] is described the above-mentioned step that applies chemical corrosion liquid comprises:
Adopt gasification, atomizing and/or gel-sol method to apply above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid.
It is characterized in that without mask local caustic solution according to the either side of above-mentioned [1]-[9] is described that [10] temperature of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is in the scope of room temperature to 300 ℃.
[11] described without mask local caustic solution according to the either side of above-mentioned [1]-[10], it is characterized in that, above-mentioned solar battery surface or inner defective refer to the defective defective in addition of above-mentioned solar cell side, wherein the defective of above-mentioned solar battery surface comprises surface contamination, and the defective of above-mentioned solar cell inside comprises electric leakage.
[12] a kind of remove solar battery surface or inner defective without mask local corrosion device, above-mentioned solar cell comprises positive electrode, photoelectric conversion region and negative electrode, there are defective in surface or inside at above-mentioned solar cell, it is characterized in that said apparatus comprises:
Feed pipe, its be used for the surface of above-mentioned solar cell, the zone corresponding with defects provide chemical corrosion liquid; And
Discharging tube, it is used for the reactant of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid and above-mentioned solar cell reaction generation is removed from above-mentioned zone.
It is characterized in that without mask local corrosion device according to above-mentioned [12] are described that [13] above-mentioned discharging tube also is used for the reacted residue of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is removed in the lump.
[14] it is characterized in that without mask local corrosion device that according to above-mentioned [12] or [13] are described the inside of above-mentioned discharging tube is negative pressure.
[15] it is characterized in that without mask local corrosion device that according to the either side of above-mentioned [12]-[14] is described above-mentioned feed pipe is communicated with above-mentioned discharging tube fluid.
[16] described without mask local caustic solution according to the either side of above-mentioned [12]-[15], it is characterized in that, above-mentioned solar battery surface or inner defective refer to the defective defective in addition of above-mentioned solar cell side, wherein the defective of above-mentioned solar battery surface comprises surface contamination, and the defective of above-mentioned solar cell inside comprises electric leakage.
It is characterized in that without mask local corrosion device according to the either side of above-mentioned [12]-[16] is described that [17] one in above-mentioned discharging tube and the above-mentioned feed pipe is inner tube, another is outer tube.
[18] it is characterized in that without mask local corrosion device that according to above-mentioned [17] are described distance between the mouth of pipe of above-mentioned inner tube and the mouth of pipe of above-mentioned outer tube is in the scope of 0.005mm to 20mm.
[19] it is characterized in that without mask local corrosion device that according to above-mentioned [17] are described distance between the outer wall of above-mentioned inner tube and the inwall of above-mentioned outer tube is in the scope of 0.01mm to 20mm.
[20] it is characterized in that without mask local corrosion device that according to above-mentioned [18] are described distance between the outer wall of above-mentioned inner tube and the inwall of above-mentioned outer tube is in the scope of 0.01mm to 20mm.
[21] it is characterized in that without mask local corrosion device that according to the either side of above-mentioned [17]-[20] is described the internal diameter of above-mentioned inner tube is in the scope of 0.5mm to 30mm.
[22] it is characterized in that having elastomeric element at the mouth of pipe of above-mentioned outer tube without mask local corrosion device according to the either side of above-mentioned [17]-[21] is described.
[23] it is characterized in that without mask local corrosion device that according to above-mentioned [22] are described distance between the mouth of pipe of above-mentioned inner tube and the bottom of above-mentioned elastomeric element is in the scope of 0.005mm to 20mm.
[24] a kind of solar cell, it is with the solar cell of formation after the defective local corrosion of solar cell inside, comprising:
Positive electrode;
Photoelectric conversion region, it has the pn knot;
Negative electrode;
The front, it is the sensitive surface of accepting light;
The back side, it is the another side opposite with above-mentioned front;
Pit, it is positioned on above-mentioned front and/or the above-mentioned back side, and its degree of depth below above-mentioned pn knot is in 0.1 to 100 micron scope.
[25] according to above-mentioned [24] described solar cell, also be included in the filler that forms in the above-mentioned pit.
[26] according to above-mentioned [25] described solar cell, wherein, above-mentioned filler comprises the material identical or close with the color of above-mentioned solar battery surface.
[27] according to the described solar cell of either side of above-mentioned [25]-[26], also be included in the antireflective film that forms on the above-mentioned front, wherein, above-mentioned filler comprises the material and the mixture of organic solvent and/or the organic or inorganic material identical or close with the color of above-mentioned antireflective film that consists of above-mentioned antireflective film.
[28] according to the described solar cell of either side of above-mentioned [25]-[27], wherein, the size and shape of above-mentioned filler is identical with the size and shape of above-mentioned pit or close.
[29] according to the described solar cell of either side of above-mentioned [25]-[28], also be included in the strip that forms on the above-mentioned filler.
[30] according to above-mentioned [29] described solar cell, also be included in the electrode that forms on the above-mentioned front, wherein, the size of above-mentioned strip is identical with color or close with the size of above-mentioned electrode with color.
By of the present invention without mask local caustic solution and device, can not need to use mask, just can carry out selectively local corrosion and with its removal to solar battery surface or inner electric leakage or other defect, thereby need not the part with electric leakage etc. is excised, can not produce waste.In addition, solar battery surface or the inner defectives such as electric leakage are removed without mask local caustic solution and device by of the present invention, can improve parallel resistance, fill factor, curve factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell, can remove the hot spot in the solar cell, prolong the useful life of solar cell.In addition, of the present invention simple to operate without mask local caustic solution and device, cost is low, can greatly avoid waste, and reduces the cost of photovoltaic generation.
In addition, the solar cell of the present application owing to the defective local corrosion of solar cell inside is removed, can improve parallel resistance, fill factor, curve factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell, can remove the hot spot in the solar cell, prolong the useful life of solar cell.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of solar cell.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the electric leakage defective that has at the pn of solar cell knot place.
Fig. 3 is the schematic appearance without mask local corrosion device.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view without mask local corrosion device.
Fig. 5 is the profile after longitudinally the plane of symmetry is cut open without mask local corrosion device.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram without the chemical corrosion liquid direction of flow in the mask local corrosion device.
Fig. 7 is the profile after vertically the cutting open of the structure that is added with elastomeric element without the outer tube of the mask local corrosion device corrosion end mouth of pipe.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the solar cell with pit after the removal electric leakage defective.
Label declaration:
1 front electrode, 2 antireflective films, 3 emitter regions, the 4pn knot, 5 bases, 6 back electrodes, 7 electric leakage defectives, 8 inner tubes, 9 outer tubes, 10 inner tube external tappings, 11 outer tube external tappings, the 12 inner tubes corrosion end mouth of pipe, the 13 outer tubes corrosion end mouth of pipe, 14 elastomeric elements, 15 elastomeric elements are interior along projection, 16 liquid outer tubes flow to the corrosion surface arrow, flow to the moving arrow of inner tube after 17 liquid and the surface corrosion reaction, and 18 reactants flow out the corrosion device arrow from inner tube.
Embodiment
Below, present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying.In addition, in the following description, the size of illustrated each one of accompanying drawing of reference, thickness, size etc. may be different from the size relationship of the semiconductor device of reality.
Solar cell of the present invention comprises positive electrode, photoelectric conversion region and negative electrode, there are defective in surface or inside at above-mentioned solar cell, comprising without mask local corrosion device of removal solar battery surface of the present invention or inner defective: feed pipe, its be used for the surface of above-mentioned solar cell, the zone corresponding with defects provide chemical corrosion liquid; And discharging tube, it is used for the reactant of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid and above-mentioned solar cell reaction generation is removed from above-mentioned zone.
Particularly, Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of solar cell involved in the present invention.As shown in Figure 2, solar cell generally includes front electrode 1, antireflective film 2, emitter region 3, base 5, back electrode 6 and the knot of the pn between base 5 and emitter region 34.Wherein, a positive electrode that consists of solar cell in front electrode 1 and the back electrode 6, another consists of the negative electrode of solar cell, but the present invention is not limited to this, for example, also front electrode 1 and back electrode 6 all can be arranged on the back side, consist of so-called all back-contact electrodes.That is to say that the positive electrode of solar cell of the present invention and negative electrode can be formed on the back side.
In solar cell of the present invention, emitter region 3, pn knot 4 and base 5 consist of above-mentioned photoelectric conversion region.Wherein, base 3, pn knot 4 and emitter region 5 can form by the known any method of those skilled in the art and any material, the present invention to this without any restriction.For example, material can be any semi-conducting material, for example silicon, III-V compound semiconductor etc.Carry out in base 3 and emitter region 5 that p-type is mixed or N-shaped mixes, but the doping type of the two is opposite, to form pn knot 4 between the two, in the present invention, pn knot 4 has the pin knot of intrinsic layer in the middle of also can being, the present invention to this without any restriction.
In the present invention, antireflective film 2 is optional, and it is used for the surface of passivating solar battery and reduces the incident light reflection, and it can be formed by the known any method of those skilled in the art and material, the present invention to this without any restriction.
In addition, have defective in surface or the inside of solar cell of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the pn in the inside of solar cell ties 4 places and has electric leakage defective 7.The zone of electric leakage defective 7 is usually less than 0.5mmx0.5mm.In addition, also may there be the surface contamination (not shown) on the surface of solar cell.
As described in background technology of the present invention, the electric leakage defective roughly is divided into following three types from forming reason.
(1) diffusion layer electric leakage: after the process High temperature diffusion forms heavily doped diffusion layer, because the diffusion layer of side, edge is not removed fully, these diffusion layers of not removing fully can form the short circuit current passage between solar cell front surface emitter region 3 and the rear surface back electrode 6, i.e. side diffusion layer electric leakage; Before the diffusion, if in solar cell, have crackle or pin hole etc., in diffusion process, also can form heavily doped diffusion layer along the surface perpendicular to the direction of cell plane at pin hole or crackle so, these heavily doped diffusion layers can not be removed in plasma etching or single face chemical corrosion, thereby form the short circuit current passage between solar cell front surface emitter region 3 and base 5 even the rear surface back electrode 6, i.e. diffusion inside layer electric leakage.
(2) the pn knot runs through electric leakage: after diffusion technology, exist from the emitter region 3 in the silicon chip and penetrate the defectives such as foreign atom, foreign atoms group or dislocation that pn knot 4 arrives bases 5, these defectives can be destroyed the electrical characteristics of desirable pn knot, can form from the emitter region 3 and penetrate the leak channel that pn knot 4 arrives bases 5, namely the pn knot runs through electric leakage.This pn knot runs through the inside battery that electric leakage mainly is distributed in close pn knot 4, does not remove owing to heavily doped layer in the situation that totally has the pn knot in the side, also exists in the side.
(3) foreign matter stains electric leakage: because solar cell is in printing, oven dry and sintering process, attach other foreign matters such as electrode slurry in the solar cell side, perhaps in pin hole or crackle, also be filled with other foreign matters such as electrode slurry, these foreign matters can form the leak channel between front electrode 1/ emitter region 3 and base 5/ back electrode 6, and namely foreign matter stains electric leakage.In the side of battery and the inside of battery, this foreign matter stains electric leakage and all might exist.
Although above-mentioned 3 kinds of electric leakage defectives both existed in the side of solar cell, also the inside of the solar cell beyond in the side exists, but of the present invention without the mask corrosion device and described below without the mask corrosion method for be the electric leakage defective of solar cell inside and the surface contamination of solar battery surface.That is to say, the present invention is indifferent to the defective that the solar cell side exists, because, the defective of solar cell side can adopt the methods such as plasma etching, laser ablation, gauze polishing and the immersion of chemical corrosion liquid edge to remove, and solar battery surface and inner defective also do not have effective method to remove at present.
In addition, should be appreciated that, although the defective that the present invention mentions many places beyond the solar cell side comprises the electric leakage defective of solar cell inside and the surface contamination of solar battery surface, but the present invention is not restricted to this two kinds of defectives, so long as be positioned at the defective in the zone beyond the solar cell side, namely be positioned at the inner and surperficial defective of solar cell, it all is the object that the present invention removes, the present invention does not have any restriction to the kind of defective, only the position of defective has been carried out specificly, namely be positioned at the surface of solar cell or inner.
The structure of describing solar cell of the present invention in detail and to the present invention for defective be defined after, will describe the structure without mask local corrosion device of the present invention in detail.
Particularly, Fig. 3 is the schematic appearance without mask local corrosion device, Fig. 4 is the vertical view without mask local corrosion device, Fig. 5 is the profile after longitudinally the plane of symmetry is cut open without mask local corrosion device, Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram without the chemical corrosion liquid direction of flow in the mask local corrosion device, and Fig. 7 is the profile after vertically the cutting open of the structure that is added with elastomeric element without the outer tube of the mask local corrosion device corrosion end mouth of pipe.
The below with reference to these accompanying drawings to being described in detail without mask local corrosion device.
Generally speaking, of the present inventionly comprise without mask local corrosion device: feed pipe, its be used for the surface of above-mentioned solar cell, the zone corresponding with defects provide chemical corrosion liquid; And discharging tube, it is used for the reactant of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid and above-mentioned solar cell reaction generation is removed from above-mentioned zone.Preferably, above-mentioned discharging tube also is used for the reacted residue of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is removed in the lump.Preferably, the inside of above-mentioned discharging tube is negative pressure.Preferably, above-mentioned feed pipe is communicated with above-mentioned discharging tube fluid.Preferably, above-mentioned solar battery surface or inner defective refer to the defective defective in addition of above-mentioned solar cell side, and wherein the defective of above-mentioned solar battery surface comprises surface contamination, and the defective of above-mentioned solar cell inside comprises electric leakage.Preferably, one in above-mentioned discharging tube and the above-mentioned feed pipe is inner tube, and another is outer tube.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 3, of the present inventionly comprise inner tube 8 and outer tube 9 without mask local corrosion device, wherein, inner tube 8 has inner tube external tapping 10, and outer tube 9 has outer tube external tapping 11.As shown in Figure 4, the shape of inner tube 8, outer tube 9 and outer tube external tapping 11 all is cylindrical shape, but their shape can be any shape, diagram is drawn as cylindrical shape, just for convenient signal, the present invention to this without any restriction, such as can being that the cross section is the pipe of any shape of square, triangle, ellipse, polygon etc.
As shown in Figure 5, during work, for example, can be with outer tube 9 as feed pipe of the present invention, with inner tube 8 as discharging tube of the present invention, certainly, also can be conversely, with inner tube 8 as feed pipe of the present invention, with outer tube 9 as discharging tube of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 6, outer tube external tapping 11 communicates with chemical corrosion liquid by pipeline, and inner tube external tapping 10 is communicated with the low pressure drawing liquid pump.Negative pressure by inner tube 8 interior formation, chemical corrosion liquid is applied to the zone corresponding with defective of solar cell, this chemical corrosion liquid and the regional substance reaction that is corroded that will remove, the plane contact at the simultaneously outer tube of the corrosion device corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 and the regional place that is corroded, the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 has certain gap with the plane at the regional place that is corroded.Because inner tube external tapping 10 is communicated with the low pressure drawing liquid pump, as shown in Figure 6, chemical corrosion liquid arrives the surface that is corroded from outer tube 9 by path as shown in arrow 16, through entering inner tube 8 such as arrow 17 after the reaction, at last, as shown in arrow 18 in inner tube, the reactant that reaction generates and remaining chemical corrosion liquid flow out corrosion device.
For guaranteeing that chemical corrosion liquid fully contacts with the surface that is corroded of solar cell, the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 and the gap that is corroded between the surface can not be too large, otherwise liquid is not able to do in time just to be pumped by inner tube 8 with surface reaction.Specifically, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 and the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 preferably be less than or equal to 20mm at difference in height Δ H longitudinally.Simultaneously, in time discharge in order to guarantee chemical etching liq and the be corroded reactant that generates after the surface reaction and the residue of chemical corrosion liquid, the difference in height Δ H of the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 and the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 can not be too little, more preferably greater than or equal 0.005mm.That is to say being preferably in the scope of 0.005mm-20mm at difference in height Δ H longitudinally of the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 and the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13.
In addition, also suitable without caliber, distance and the pipe thickness of each pipe of mask local corrosion device in the process of the local electric leakage of corrosion defective 7 in order to keep preferably the circulation of chemical corrosion liquid, otherwise result in blockage easily.The internal diameter of inner tube 8 is preferably in the scope of 0.5mm-30mm, and the horizontal spacing between the inwall of the outer wall of inner tube 8 and outer tube 9 is preferably in the scope of 0.01mm-20mm.When the different defective of corrosion, should according to the size of defect area, the caliber of inner tube 8 and outer tube 9 be adjusted suitably.
In the present invention, making comprises hard organic or inorganic material without the material of mask local corrosion device, such as Teflon Teflon, plastics PFA, polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) plastics, Kynoar PVDF, polypropylene PP, polythene PE, polyvinylchloride, Kynoar PVDF, common organic/inorganic glass, quartz glass and pottery etc. chemical resistant material.
In addition, easily split because crystal-silicon solar cell is easily crisp, cause cell piece to break for fear of holding in the mouth of pipe 13 and the Surface Contact process that is corroded without the outer tube corrosion of mask local corrosion device; Simultaneously because solar cell front surface metal electrode has the projection of 10-30 micron, in order better to touch the depression in the surface place, regional place that is corroded so that outer tube corrodes the end mouth of pipe 13, chemical etching liq with the surface is limited in the inside diameter ranges of outer tube better, at the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 preferred elastomeric elements 14 that add without mask local corrosion device of the present invention, concrete example such as sealing ring, as shown in Figure 7.
As shown in Figure 7, elastomeric element is interior to be Δ H1 along projection 15 height longitudinally, and the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 is Δ H2 with the fore-and-aft distance of elastomeric element 14 bottoms like this, wherein Δ H2=Δ H+ Δ H1.In order to guarantee that chemical etching liq and reactant and the chemical remaining liq that generates after the surface reaction that be corroded in time discharge, the fore-and-aft distance Δ H2 of the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 and elastomeric element 14 bottoms can not be too little, more preferably greater than or equal 0.005mm.That is to say, add in the situation of elastomeric element 14 at the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 that the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 can be outwards outstanding with respect to the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13.In elastomeric element, be that Δ H1 is in the situation of 1mm along projection 15 height longitudinally for example, if the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 is 0.005mm with the fore-and-aft distance Δ H2 of elastomeric element 14 bottoms, then the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 and the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 is Δ H2-Δ H1=0.005-1=-0.995mm at difference in height Δ H longitudinally, that is to say that the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 can be with respect to the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 outwards outstanding 0.995mm.Should be appreciated that when corrosion device did not arrange elastomeric element 14, difference in height Δ H can not be less than 0.
In addition, fully contact with the surface that is corroded of solar cell for guaranteeing chemical corrosion liquid, the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 and the gap that is corroded between the surface can not be too large, otherwise liquid is not able to do in time just to be pumped by inner tube 8 with surface reaction.That is to say that the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 preferably is less than or equal to 20mm with the fore-and-aft distance Δ H2 of elastomeric element 14 bottoms.That is to say that preferred, the fore-and-aft distance Δ H2 of the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 and elastomeric element 14 bottoms is in the scope of 0.005mm-20mm.
In addition, preferred, the tube wall along the lateral dimension T of projection 15 and outer tube 9 in the elastomeric element is suitable.In addition, the lateral dimension T along projection 15 in the elastomeric element can namely inwardly give prominence to respect to outer tube 9 greater than the tube wall of outer tube 9, thus, and can be by elastomeric element 14 control corroded areas.
In addition, when solar battery surface is corroded, should control preferably vertical degree of depth of corrosion.Near if the electric leakage defective 7 the corrosion pn knot 4, as shown in Figure 8, then preferably the vertical corrosion depth Δ D1 of pn knot below 4 is controlled in the scope of 0.1-100 micron, too deeply namely surpassing 100 microns then causes cell piece perforation even generation to break easily, too shallow namely less than 0.1 micron then can cause the electric leakage can not remove fully, and can cause corrosion depth be not easy control.
By of the present invention without mask local corrosion device, can not need to use mask, just can carry out selectively local corrosion and it is removed solar battery surface or inner electric leakage or other defect, thereby need not the part with electric leakage etc. is excised, can not produce waste.In addition, solar battery surface or the inner defectives such as electric leakage are removed without mask local corrosion device by of the present invention, can improve parallel resistance, fill factor, curve factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell, can remove the hot spot in the solar cell, prolong the useful life of solar cell.In addition, of the present invention simple to operate without mask local corrosion device, cost is low, can greatly avoid waste, and reduces the cost of photovoltaic generation.
The below describes in detail of the present invention without mask local caustic solution.
May further comprise the steps without mask local caustic solution of the defective of removal solar battery surface of the present invention or inside: the zone surface, corresponding with defects at above-mentioned solar cell applies chemical corrosion liquid; And the reactant that the reaction of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid and above-mentioned solar cell generates removed from above-mentioned zone.Above-mentioned solar cell comprises positive electrode, photoelectric conversion region and negative electrode, has defective in surface or the inside of above-mentioned solar cell.Preferably, the step of above-mentioned removal reactant comprises: the reacted residue of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is removed in the lump.Preferably, the step of above-mentioned removal reactant comprises: adopt inside to remove above-mentioned reactant for the discharging tube of negative pressure.Preferably, the above-mentioned step that applies chemical corrosion liquid comprises: adopt the feed pipe that is communicated with above-mentioned discharging tube fluid that above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is drawn onto above-mentioned zone.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 6, during work, for example, can be with outer tube 9 as feed pipe of the present invention, with inner tube 8 as discharging tube of the present invention, certainly, also can be conversely, with inner tube 8 as feed pipe of the present invention, with outer tube 9 as discharging tube of the present invention.The below is described as an example of the former example.
As shown in Figure 6, outer tube external tapping 11 communicates with chemical corrosion liquid by pipeline, and inner tube external tapping 10 is communicated with the low pressure drawing liquid pump.Negative pressure by inner tube 8 interior formation, chemical corrosion liquid is applied to the zone surface, corresponding with defects at above-mentioned solar cell, this chemical corrosion liquid and the regional substance reaction that is corroded that will remove, the plane contact at the simultaneously outer tube of the corrosion device corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 and the regional place that is corroded, the inner tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 12 has certain gap with the plane at the regional place that is corroded.Because inner tube external tapping 10 is communicated with the low pressure drawing liquid pump, as shown in Figure 6, chemical corrosion liquid arrives the surface that is corroded from outer tube 9 by path as shown in arrow 16, through entering inner tube 8 such as arrow 17 after the reaction, at last, as shown in arrow 18 in inner tube, the reactant that reaction generates and remaining chemical corrosion liquid flow out corrosion device.
Of the present invention without mask local caustic solution in, preferred, above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid comprises H
2O, H
3PO
4, HCl, SbF
5, HNO
3With HF one or a combination set of and H
2The mixture of O.In addition, preferred, above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid comprises H
2O, KOH and NaOH one or a combination set of and H
2The mixture of O.Should be appreciated that, the chemical corrosion liquid of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned corrosive liquid of enumerating, so long as can react with the material of solar cell, solar battery surface or inner defective are removed, can use the known any chemical corrosion liquid of those skilled in the art.
Preferably, the above-mentioned step that applies chemical corrosion liquid comprises: adopt gasification, atomizing and/or gel-sol method to apply above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid.Consider the fail safe of boiling point and the chemical corrosion liquid of water, preferably, the temperature of above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is in the scope of room temperature to 300 ℃, and this temperature refers to that chemical corrosion liquid arrives the temperature of solar battery surface, namely is applied to the temperature of the chemical corrosion liquid of solar battery surface.Preferably, above-mentioned solar battery surface or inner defective refer to the defective defective in addition of above-mentioned solar cell side, and wherein the defective of above-mentioned solar battery surface comprises surface contamination, and the defective of above-mentioned solar cell inside comprises electric leakage.
Of the present invention without mask local caustic solution in, preferred, the step of above-mentioned removal reactant comprises: adopt the negative pressure in the above-mentioned discharging tube that above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is limited in the above-mentioned zone.Preferably, the step of above-mentioned removal reactant comprises: adopt the elastomeric element that arranges at the mouth of pipe place of above-mentioned discharging tube or above-mentioned feed pipe that above-mentioned chemical corrosion liquid is limited in the above-mentioned zone.
Particularly, chemical corrosion liquid is limited at the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 by realizing one of aspect following two at solar battery surface: 1) elastomeric element 14 is with the space sealing between the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 and the solar battery surface, and the chemical corrosion liquid in the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 pipes can be to the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 pipe external leakages; 2) outer Comparatively speaking with pipe in the pipe of the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13, there is negative pressure to exist, so, the high velocity air in the export-oriented outer tube corrosion of the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 pipes end mouth of pipe 13 pipes that cause gap between the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 and solar battery surface, this negative pressure stops chemical corrosion liquid to the outer tube corrosion end mouth of pipe 13 pipe external leakages.Should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the concrete grammar here, as long as chemical corrosion liquid can be limited in the place that needs corrosion, and need not to use mask to get final product.
In the present invention, by reaction speed and the time of control chemical corrosion liquid with the surface that is corroded, just can control the corrosion depth on the surface that is corroded.Particularly, according to the required corrosion depth in zone that is corroded, can regulate temperature, concentration, proportioning of the negative pressure that is connected in inner tube, chemical corrosion liquid etc., so that there is suitable length the time of corrosion.For suitability for industrialized production automation corrosion, this time is preferably between 200 milliseconds to 3 seconds; And for manual operation, this time is preferably between 1 second to 10 seconds.
In a word, use suitable chemical reagent and technological parameter, disclosed in this inventionly can not need to use mask without mask local caustic solution, just can selectively corrode the zone of needs corrosion, corrosion device can be used for corroding the defectives such as electric leakage in the solar cell.
By of the present invention without mask local caustic solution, can not need to use mask, just can carry out selectively local corrosion and it is removed solar battery surface or inner electric leakage or other defect, thereby need not the part with electric leakage etc. is excised, can not produce waste.In addition, solar battery surface or the inner defectives such as electric leakage are removed without mask local caustic solution by of the present invention, can improve parallel resistance, fill factor, curve factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell, can remove the hot spot in the solar cell, prolong the useful life of solar cell.In addition, of the present invention simple to operate without mask local caustic solution and device, cost is low, can greatly avoid waste, and reduces the cost of photovoltaic generation.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of solar cell, and it is with the solar cell of formation after the defective local corrosion of solar cell inside, comprising: positive electrode; Photoelectric conversion region, it has the pn knot; Negative electrode; The front, it is the sensitive surface of accepting light; The back side, it is the another side opposite with above-mentioned front; Pit, it is positioned on above-mentioned front and/or the above-mentioned back side, and its degree of depth below above-mentioned pn knot is in the scope of 0.1-100 micron.
Particularly, as described in Figure 8, solar cell of the present invention comprises front electrode 1, antireflective film 2, emitter region 3, base 5, back electrode 6 and the knot of the pn between base 5 and emitter region 34.Wherein, a positive electrode that consists of solar cell in front electrode 1 and the back electrode 6, another consists of the negative electrode of solar cell, but the present invention is not limited to this, for example, also front electrode 1 and back electrode 6 all can be arranged on the back side, consist of so-called all back-contact electrodes.That is to say that the positive electrode of solar cell of the present invention and negative electrode can be formed on the back side.
In solar cell of the present invention, emitter region 3, pn knot 4 and base 5 consist of above-mentioned photoelectric conversion region.Wherein, base 3, pn knot 4 and emitter region 5 can form by the known any method of those skilled in the art and any material, the present invention to this without any restriction.For example, material can be any semi-conducting material, for example silicon, III-V compound semiconductor etc.Carry out in base 3 and emitter region 5 that p-type is mixed or N-shaped mixes, but the doping type of the two is opposite, to form pn knot 4 between the two, in the present invention, pn knot 4 has the pin knot of intrinsic layer in the middle of also can being, the present invention to this without any restriction.
In solar cell of the present invention, pit 19 can be positioned at front and/or the back side of solar cell, if pn knot 4 then corrodes from the front near the front of solar cell, forms the pit 19 that is positioned at the front, on the contrary, forms the pit 19 that is positioned at the back side.Depth delta D for pit, without any restriction, it need to be positioned at the scope that the vertical corrosion depth Δ D1 of pn knot below 4 preferably is controlled at the 0.1-100 micron, too deeply then cause easily the cell piece perforation even produce and break, the too shallow corrosion depth that then can cause is not easy control.
In the present invention, pit 19 preferably utilizes of the present invention above-mentioned without mask local corrosion device or above-mentionedly form without mask local caustic solution.
In the present invention, can also in above-mentioned pit 19, form filler.Preferably, above-mentioned filler comprises the material identical or close with the color of above-mentioned solar battery surface.In addition, be formed with in above-mentioned front in the situation of antireflective film, above-mentioned filler comprises the material and the mixture of organic solvent and/or the organic or inorganic material identical or close with the color of above-mentioned antireflective film that consists of above-mentioned antireflective film.Preferably, the size and shape of above-mentioned filler is identical or close with the size and shape of above-mentioned pit.
In addition, in the present invention, can also form strip at above-mentioned filler.Preferably, be formed with in above-mentioned front in the situation of electrode, the size of above-mentioned strip is identical with color or close with the size of above-mentioned electrode with color.
Specifically, after the defective zone of the tool of solar cell carried out chemical corrosion, be formed with the pit 19 of certain area and the degree of depth, because the material of this pit surface is different with the front surfacing that is corroded, thereby appearance color has very big-difference, in order to reduce this species diversity, so that the pit surface color is identical or approaching with the color of peripheral region, this pit surface can be applied a layer pigment.Material as this pigment can be the powder that is used as the material of antireflective film 2, such as SiNx, TiOx, AlOx etc., with the mixture of organic solvent, also can be other inorganic or organic coating.In addition, in order to reduce this species diversity, so that the pit surface color is identical or approaching with the color of peripheral region, can also be attached to pit surface with the organic or inorganic film approaching or identical with the color of antireflective film 2, the size and shape of this film is the same with the size and shape of pit.In order further to eliminate the appearance effects of this pit, can also be at pigment and the local lines of printing of film surface, preferably the size with the grid line that is corroded is identical with color or close with color for the size of these lines.
Solar cell of the present invention owing to the defective local corrosion of solar cell inside is removed, can improve parallel resistance, fill factor, curve factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell, can remove the hot spot in the solar cell, prolongs the useful life of solar cell.In addition, solar cell of the present invention owing to utilize the filler identical or close with the color of solar battery surface to fill pit, perhaps and then at filler forms lines, thereby can reduce the color distortion of pit surface and peripheral region, the outward appearance of solar cell is changed hardly.
Although more than by some exemplary embodiments to of the present invention without mask local caustic solution, be described in detail without mask local corrosion device and solar cell, but above these embodiment are not exhaustive, and those skilled in the art can realize variations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to these embodiment, and scope of the present invention only is as the criterion with appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. a dye-sensitized solar cells is characterized in that, comprising:
First substrate;
Second substrate; And
Photoelectric conversion layer, it places between above-mentioned first substrate and the above-mentioned second substrate, and comprises the solidifying body of electrolysis and Dye Adsorption unit, and above-mentioned Dye Adsorption cell distribution is in the solidifying body of above-mentioned electrolysis;
Wherein, dye-sensitized solar cells and diode are placed the lampshade top, be connected to storage battery in the lamp bucket by wire.
2. according to claim 1 dye-sensitized solar cells, wherein, above-mentioned dye-sensitized solar cells is that the conventional nano porous semiconductor film of being used by the dye-sensitized nano solar cell and the above-mentioned photoelectric conversion layer with upper conversion function combine.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 dye-sensitized solar cells, wherein, above-mentioned photoelectric conversion layer is to adopt method chemistry or physics directly synthetic.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103219213A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-24 | 上海申和热磁电子有限公司 | Upper electrode for etching device |
| CN115832068A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-03-21 | 西安明为光学科技有限公司 | Solar cell panel and preparation method thereof |
-
2011
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103219213A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-07-24 | 上海申和热磁电子有限公司 | Upper electrode for etching device |
| CN115832068A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-03-21 | 西安明为光学科技有限公司 | Solar cell panel and preparation method thereof |
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