CN102914847A - Underwater imaging lens - Google Patents
Underwater imaging lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN102914847A CN102914847A CN2012103362467A CN201210336246A CN102914847A CN 102914847 A CN102914847 A CN 102914847A CN 2012103362467 A CN2012103362467 A CN 2012103362467A CN 201210336246 A CN201210336246 A CN 201210336246A CN 102914847 A CN102914847 A CN 102914847A
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- underwater imaging
- imaging camera
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- meniscus lens
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 206010010071 Coma Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000700608 Sagitta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
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- Lenses (AREA)
- Structure And Mechanism Of Cameras (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an underwater imaging lens, which solves the problem that the effective imaging distance of underwater photography is very limited due to light energy loss and background interference caused by the absorption and scattering effects of an aqueous medium on light in the underwater imaging lens in the prior art. The underwater imaging lens comprises an optical system arranged in a sealing mechanism, wherein the optical system comprises a water sealing window, a front lens group, a diaphragm, a rear lens group and an image surface which are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of a light path. Through a large number of practical tests, the combination of glass is optimized and the focal power is reasonably distributed, 11 pieces of glass are adopted, and lanthanide glass materials with low dispersion and high refractive index are selected, so that aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, curvature of field, distortion, axial chromatic aberration, vertical axis chromatic aberration and the like can be effectively corrected, and the imaging quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the underwater optics technical field of imaging, particularly a kind of Underwater Imaging camera lens.
Background technology
The Underwater Imaging technology plays an important role in fields such as ocean development and engineering, scientific investigations under water.Because the Underwater Imaging camera lens is immersed in the water so that the optical system of using on the ground can run into a lot of problems through being used for Underwater Imaging behind the simple waterproof sealing, such as picture element deterioration, visual field loss etc.In order to overcome the above problems, special-purpose imaging lens arises at the historic moment under water, and this camera lens has just considered the impact of aqueous medium at the beginning of design, so aberration can be corrected to the level of high-quality ground camera lens.But effective image-forming range that the optical energy loss that aqueous medium causes Optical Absorption and scattering process and background interference will cause underwater photography is very limited.The visual field and the relative aperture that increase underwater camera lens this moment are significant undoubtedly, because the increase of visual field can be expanded effective observation scope of camera lens, the increase of relative aperture then is conducive to improve the utilization of luminous energy under water.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of large visual field of Underwater Imaging, imaging lens of object lens of large relative aperture of being exclusively used in, it has solved in the background technology, the Underwater Imaging camera lens is because optical energy loss and the background interference that aqueous medium causes Optical Absorption and scattering, the very limited problem of effective image-forming range that causes underwater photography
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Underwater Imaging camera lens comprises the optical system that is arranged in the sealing mechanism, and its special character is: described optical system comprises water-stop window, front lens group, diaphragm, rear lens group and the image planes that set gradually along the light path incident direction;
Described front lens group comprises the first diverging meniscus lens, biconcave lens, the first positive meniscus lens and the biconvex lens that sets gradually along the light path incident direction.
Above-mentioned rear lens group is disposed with and connects airtight balsaming lens, the second positive meniscus lens, the 3rd positive meniscus lens, the 4th positive meniscus lens, the second diverging meniscus lens.
Above-mentioned Underwater Imaging camera lens also comprises focus adjusting mechanism, and focus adjusting mechanism is used for front lens group, diaphragm and rear lens group integral body are moved along optical axis direction.
Above-mentioned focus adjusting mechanism comprises stepper motor, be fixed in motor gear on the stepper motor arbor, be fixed in the body tube lateral wall in the circumferential direction of the circle with focusing wheel and the position-limit mechanism interlock of motor gear phase.
Above-mentioned rear lens group has positive focal power.
Between above-mentioned each lens take air as medium.
The material of above-mentioned the first diverging meniscus lens, biconcave lens, the second positive meniscus lens, the 4th positive meniscus lens, the second diverging meniscus lens is respectively LAK3, LAF9, LAK11, LAK4 and LAF8.
Along the light path incident direction, the airspace between two whenever adjacent lens is followed successively by 4mm, 7.19mm, 4.96mm, 17.72mm, 29.25mm, 15.16mm, 0.2mm, 0.16mm, 2.65mm and 22.9mm.
The first diverging meniscus lens 2 of above-mentioned front lens group bends towards diaphragm.
Above-mentioned image planes are CCD or film.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) by a large amount of real test, optimize glass combination and reasonable distribution focal power, adopt 11 sheet glass, select the lanthanide glass material of low dispersion high index of refraction, the aberrations such as spherical aberration corrector, coma, astigmatism, the curvature of field, distortion, axial chromatic aberration and chromatic longitudiinal aberration improve image quality effectively.
(2) the present invention proposes a kind of special-purpose imaging lens under water, make watertight shell window with the quartz glass of physics, stable chemical nature, have strong, the uncorruptible advantage of anti-pressure ability.
(3) adopt optical system of the present invention can reach following index: relative aperture is 1/1.4, and field angle is 66 ° under water, and focal length is 11.76mm, and rear cut-off distance is 22.9mm, service band: 0.48～0.60 μ m, the greatest optical distortion is for-5.45%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical structure chart of special-purpose imaging lens under water;
Fig. 2 is the optical transfer function of special-purpose imaging lens under water;
Fig. 3 is water-stop and focus adjusting mechanism schematic diagram;
Wherein: 1-water-stop window; 2-the first diverging meniscus lens; The 3-biconcave lens; 4-the first positive meniscus lens; The 5-biconvex lens; The 6-diaphragm; 7-connects airtight balsaming lens; 8-the second positive meniscus lens; 9-the 3rd positive meniscus lens; 10-the 4th positive meniscus lens; 11-the second diverging meniscus lens; The 12-image planes; The 13-trim ring; The 14-body tube; 15-the one O shape circle; The 16-stepper motor; The 17-motor gear; The 18-wheel of focusing; The 19-motor cabinet; The 20-post of focusing; The 21-stop screw; 22-lens barrel; The 23-shell; The 24-screw; 25-the 2nd O shape circle; The 26-rubber washer.
Embodiment
Underwater Imaging camera lens involved in the present invention is a kind of under water large visual field, object lens of large relative aperture optical system of low-light level imaging of being applicable to, and proofreaies and correct simultaneously to comprise all aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, the curvature of field, distortion, axial chromatic aberration and chromatic longitudiinal aberration.
As shown in Figure 1, this Underwater Imaging camera lens is disposed with water-stop window 1, front lens group, diaphragm 6, rear lens group and image planes 12 along the light path incident direction; This optical system object space medium is water, is air as square medium.
The light that sends of object space target is after 1 refraction of water-stop window under water, the angle increasing of light and optical axis.Water-stop window 1 is flat glass; The glass material trade mark is JGS1, and sealing means is the butt-end packing of O shape circle, and it is of a size of Ф 58 * 9mm;
Front lens group is disposed with the first diverging meniscus lens 2, biconcave lens 3, the first positive meniscus lens 4,5 four eyeglasses of biconvex lens;
Rear lens group is disposed with and connects airtight balsaming lens 7, the second positive meniscus lens 8, the 3rd positive meniscus lens 9, the 4th positive meniscus lens 10,11 5 interval eyeglasses of the second diverging meniscus lens; Move behind the interarea of this lens combination with optical system, guarantee that the rear cut-off distance of optical system is much larger than focal length, so that the CCD camera of C mouth or CS interface can conveniently dock;
Design philosophy of the present invention is as follows:
The Underwater Imaging camera lens all expects to obtain a large field range, but when obtaining large visual field, the axle outer light beam has also produced larger incident angle, and brought very large off-axis aberration, such as coma, astigmatism, the curvature of field and distortion, if the design of front lens group is too simple, to be unfavorable for the correction to off-axis aberration, therefore need to it is suitably complicated, through a large amount of design examples relatively, find that the front lens group design is comparatively suitable by the first diverging meniscus lens 2, biconcave lens 3, the first positive meniscus lens 4, biconvex lens 5 combinations, its total focal power
Because the disperse function of the first diverging meniscus lens 2, biconcave lens 3, the first positive meniscus lens 4 in the front lens group so that the incident angle of incident ray in front lens group constantly reduce, compress through the bore of biconvex lens 5 with light beam again, so that the off-axis aberration that front lens group produces is controlled preferably.
Plunder when the light of visual field, edge enters optical system and penetrate, the first diverging meniscus lens 2 of front lens group bends towards diaphragm 6.
The rear lens group angle of incidence of light degree of optical system can reduce greatly owing to the disperse function of front lens group, therefore the off-axis aberration that rear lens group produces is relatively little, it has mainly born larger relative aperture, thereby the design focal point of rear lens group is the off-axis aberration than some spherical aberration on the positive axis and the generation of compensation front lens group, the relative aperture of optical system is up to 1/1.4 the time, correction to spherical aberration and coma has caused larger difficulty, after optimizing, lens combination is comprised of five eyeglasses, its total focal power
Diaphragm 6 is positioned at before the first eyeglass of rear lens group.In order to control emphatically some primary spherical aberration and high-order spherical aberration on the optical system axis, the lens that rear lens group has adopted the positive and negative separation of multi-disc to arrange, and select the lanthanide glass material of low dispersion high index of refraction as far as possible, wherein the material of the first diverging meniscus lens 2, biconcave lens 3, the second positive meniscus lens 8, the 4th positive meniscus lens 1010 and the second diverging meniscus lens 1111 is respectively LAK3, LAF9, LAK11, LAK4 and LAF8, and meanwhile each simple lens is all done suitable bending to strengthen the control to spherical aberration.
General purer seawater has relatively high transmitance to " bluish-green " light (0.48～0.57 μ m), because e light is within the spectral range of " bluish-green " light, so generally adopt the e light monochromatic aberration that disappears under water, and the correction of aberration will be carried out choose reasonable to the propagation characteristic of light according to the environment for use of camera lens, the degree of depth, illumination and in conjunction with water, in the invention with 0.48 and 0.60 μ m achromatism.
The optical distortion of camera lens has represented certain visual field chief ray at the height of image planes 12 and the departure degree of desirable object height, and the characteristics of this aberration are that not affect imaging definition and its size only relevant with the visual field.Usually less demanding for the optical distortion of non-measurement purposes, camera lens greatest optical distortion involved in the present invention is acceptable for-5.45% as common imaging lens.
Calculate through test of many times, along the light path incident direction, when the airspace between every adjacent two lens was followed successively by 4mm, 7.19mm, 4.96mm, 17.72mm, 29.25mm, 15.16mm, 0.2mm, 0.16mm, 2.65mm and 22.9mm, camera lens had higher image quality.As shown in Figure 2, how during this distinct frequence of Gui N=42lp/mm, 0 ω mtf value reaches 0.65; 0.707 during ω, the average mtf value in meridian field and sagitta of arc field is 0.54; During 1 ω, average mtf value is 0.49.Each visual field particularly 0.707 ω is basically identical with interior meridian field and sagitta of arc field MTF curve, shows that this camera lens has higher image quality.
Based on the imaging lens of said structure, can reach following effect: full field angle is 66 ° under water, and relative aperture is 1/1.4, and focal length is 11.76mm, and rear cut-off distance is 22.9mm, service band: 0.48～0.60 μ m.
Waterproof sealing is a basic functional requirement for the Underwater Imaging camera lens, will seal between water-stop window 1 and the body tube 14, will seal between shell 23 and the body tube 14.The present invention adopts following scheme to carry out waterproof sealing, such as accompanying drawing 3, water-stop window 1 is the outside near a side of water, between the outer ledge of water-stop window 1 and the body tube 14 and be provided with trim ring 13, trim ring 13 self is to screw by spanner, and when screwing trim ring 13,13 pairs of water-stop windows of trim ring 1 produce pressure, this pressure causes the O shape circle 15 between water-stop window 1 and the body tube 14 to produce distortion, and fills up the effect that waterproof is played in the space in seal groove; For anti-waterstop sealing window 1 collapses the limit when the pressurized, be provided with rubber washer 2626 at the outer ledge of water-stop window 1 and protect.During assembling, each lens are packed in time lens barrel 22 successively, body tube 14 is socketed in time lens barrel 22 cylindricals and coaxial with inferior lens barrel 22.Body tube 14 is connected by screw 2424 with shell 23, also must take 2 times seal approach during connection, be to be provided with the 2nd O shape circle 2525 between body tube 14 and the shell 2323, when screw 2424 is tightened, thereby make the 2nd O shape circle 2525 in the seal groove internal strain and fill up the space and play sealing function.In addition, shell 2323 carries out exchanges data by water-stop plug and outside.
The change of underwater environment, variation such as refraction index of sea water, dispersion characteristics, target contrast will make the lens imaging quality be subject to larger impact, therefore the Underwater Imaging optical system need to also comprise focus adjusting mechanism, is used for eliminating the picture element that causes owing to environment change and worsens.Because water-stop window 1 directly contacts with water, therefore should keep water-stop window 1 and image planes 1212 motionless in the focusing process, utilize focus adjusting mechanism to drive front lens group, diaphragm 6 and rear lens group integral body move along optical axis direction and realize focusing, focus adjusting mechanism based on this principle is a lot, be not limited to the focus adjusting mechanism that the present invention uses, namely this focus adjusting mechanism comprises stepper motor 16, be fixed in the motor gear 17 on stepper motor 16 arbors, be fixed in focusing wheels 18 in the circumferential direction of the circle and motor gear 17 phase interlocks and the position-limit mechanism of body tube 14 outer walls, position-limit mechanism comprises helicla flute and the circular groove that is arranged on the focusing wheel 18, focusing post 20 and the stop screw 2421 that is fixed on the body tube 14 on the fixing and inferior lens barrel 22, focusing post 20 is corresponding with the helicla flute position and can stretch in the helicla flute, and the position of stop screw 2421 is corresponding with the circular groove position and can stretch in the circular groove.Body tube 14 maintains static, stepper motor 16 drives focusing wheel 18 by motor gear 17 and rotates, helicla flute promotes focusing post 2020 forces time lens barrel 22 along the straight trough moving linearly that axially arranges on body tube 14 outer walls, focusing wheel 1818 is fixed in stop screw 242121 axial limitings on the body tube 14 when rotating, thereby reach the purpose of focusing, see accompanying drawing 3.Subtle change can occur in the distance in the focusing process between water-stop window 1 and the first diverging meniscus lens 2, but because water-stop window 1 itself does not have focal power, so the focal length of camera lens can not change in the focusing process.
Claims (10)
1. a Underwater Imaging camera lens comprises the optical system that is arranged in the sealing mechanism, and it is characterized in that: described optical system comprises water-stop window, front lens group, diaphragm, rear lens group and the image planes that set gradually along the light path incident direction;
Described front lens group comprises the first diverging meniscus lens, biconcave lens, the first positive meniscus lens and the biconvex lens that sets gradually along the light path incident direction.
2. Underwater Imaging camera lens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rear lens group is disposed with and connects airtight balsaming lens, the second positive meniscus lens, the 3rd positive meniscus lens, the 4th positive meniscus lens, the second diverging meniscus lens.
3. Underwater Imaging camera lens according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the Underwater Imaging camera lens also comprises focus adjusting mechanism, described focus adjusting mechanism is used for front lens group, diaphragm and rear lens group integral body are moved along optical axis direction.
4. Underwater Imaging camera lens according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described focus adjusting mechanism comprises stepper motor, be fixed in motor gear on the stepper motor arbor, be fixed in the body tube lateral wall in the circumferential direction of the circle with focusing wheel and the position-limit mechanism interlock of motor gear phase.
5. Underwater Imaging camera lens according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described rear lens group has positive focal power.
6. Underwater Imaging camera lens according to claim 5 is characterized in that: between each lens take air as medium.
7. Underwater Imaging camera lens according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the material of the first diverging meniscus lens, biconcave lens, the second positive meniscus lens, the 4th positive meniscus lens, the second diverging meniscus lens is respectively LAK3, LAF9, LAK11, LAK4 and LAF8.
8. Underwater Imaging camera lens according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: along the light path incident direction, the airspace between two whenever adjacent lens is followed successively by 4mm, 7.19mm, 4.96mm, 17.72mm, 29.25mm, 15.16mm, 0.2mm, 0.16mm, 2.65mm and 22.9mm.
9. Underwater Imaging camera lens according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the first diverging meniscus lens 2 of front lens group bends towards diaphragm.
10. Underwater Imaging camera lens according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described image planes are CCD or film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103362467A CN102914847A (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | Underwater imaging lens |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103362467A CN102914847A (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | Underwater imaging lens |
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| CN102914847A true CN102914847A (en) | 2013-02-06 |
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| CN2012103362467A Pending CN102914847A (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | Underwater imaging lens |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103744165A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2014-04-23 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Special underwater imaging wide-angle lens |
| CN108629748A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-10-09 | 深圳臻迪信息技术有限公司 | Image correction method, device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN109143525A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-04 | 福建福光股份有限公司 | A kind of low distorted optical of wide spectrum is without thermalization camera lens and its application method |
| CN114071130A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-02-18 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Underwater imaging lens imaging quality parameter detection method and underwater special collimator |
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| CN202837650U (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2013-03-27 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Underwater imaging lens |
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2012
- 2012-09-12 CN CN2012103362467A patent/CN102914847A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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| US5257137A (en) * | 1991-04-01 | 1993-10-26 | Nikon Corporation | Photo-taking lens for an underwater camera |
| US5490012A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1996-02-06 | Nikon Corporation | Underwater wide angle zoom lens |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103744165A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2014-04-23 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Special underwater imaging wide-angle lens |
| CN103744165B (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2017-02-15 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | special underwater imaging wide-angle lens |
| CN108629748A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-10-09 | 深圳臻迪信息技术有限公司 | Image correction method, device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN109143525A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-04 | 福建福光股份有限公司 | A kind of low distorted optical of wide spectrum is without thermalization camera lens and its application method |
| CN109143525B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2023-09-19 | 福建福光股份有限公司 | Wide-spectrum low-distortion optical athermalized lens and application method thereof |
| CN114071130A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-02-18 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Underwater imaging lens imaging quality parameter detection method and underwater special collimator |
| CN114071130B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-07-19 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Underwater imaging lens imaging quality parameter detection method and underwater special collimator |
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Application publication date: 20130206 |