CN102911554A - Organic aluminum ink and aluminum electrode preparation method - Google Patents
Organic aluminum ink and aluminum electrode preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102911554A CN102911554A CN2012104050922A CN201210405092A CN102911554A CN 102911554 A CN102911554 A CN 102911554A CN 2012104050922 A CN2012104050922 A CN 2012104050922A CN 201210405092 A CN201210405092 A CN 201210405092A CN 102911554 A CN102911554 A CN 102911554A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to an organic aluminum ink composition, which comprises an organo aluminum compound of an ether-aluminum hydride complex and proper solvent and surfactant. Soluble organo aluminum compound is obtained by coordinating insoluble aluminum hydride and ether compound, and further the printable organic aluminum ink is obtained. The ink has stable performance, and can be sintered at the temperature of 120 DEG C, so that the ink is suitable for printing flexible and plastic substrates. The invention also relates to a method of preparing an aluminum electrode by using the organic aluminum ink. Through catalytic decomposition of a catalyst, the sintering temperature is further reduced, and an aluminum film electrode with superior conduction performance is produced.
Description
[technical field]
Data printing electronic applications of the present invention, particularly a kind of organoaluminum ink, and the method that is used for making conductive electrode.
[background technology]
Conductive electrode is the indispensable integral part of opto-electronic device, is generally metal, conductive oxide or conductive carbon material.The preparation of this class conductive electrode adopts the means such as mask plate vacuum heat deposition metal electrode, magnetron sputtering to prepare the ITO(tin indium oxide usually) electrode etc.Print process also is the important means of electrode preparation, such as the silk screen printing of early stage carbon slurry, silver slurry, gold and platinum slurry etc.
The rise of printed electronics is so that adopt typography to prepare the focus that opto-electronic device becomes the current research field.All print technique can realize big area, low cost production device, and overcome the process such as photoetching in the traditional devices technique, vacuum evaporation and extremely industrial community pay close attention to.
The in the recent period development of printed electronics has further advanced conductive electrode to develop towards accurate typography, comprises in conjunction with ink technologies such as the technique such as spray ink Printing, silk screen printing, intaglio printing and New Type of Carbon nanotube ink, silver-colored ink, copper ink, Graphenes having obtained very much progress.Another common trait that these novel inks prepare conductive electrode is that processing or sintering temperature are all lower, can be at the PET(polyethylene terephthalate), the PC(polycarbonate), the PEN(PEN) etc. form electro-conductive material in the temperature range that can bear of plastic-substrates and flexible device, thereby can be compatible with the flexible printing device technology.
The temperature that the plastic-substrates such as PET, PC, PEN and flexible device can bear is generally below 150 ℃.At present, can be applicable to typography is made into ink and sintering temperature to be lower than 150 ℃ of electro-conductive materials very limited, it mainly is nano particle silver ink, compound type silver ink, Graphene ink, carbon nanotube ink etc., far fewer than the kind of traditional electrode material, and the electrode that prints off of part ink on conductivity also far below the traditional electrode performance.
In addition, the expensive problem that nano silver conductive ink exists, seek at present cheaply high conductive ink material with should be in printing preparation RFID(radio frequency identification, radio frequency identification devices) the flexible circuit version aspect such as antenna also be current urgent problem.
The more important thing is, the deficiency of material category is so that all print device produces problems, as print the metallic aluminium that diode, Organic Light Emitting Diode, organic solar batteries all need be used low work content, thereby improve device performance with efficient injection or the reception of satisfying electronics.
The aluminum current electrode adopts the vacuum deposition method preparation mostly, can print the report that the aluminium electrode only has the nano particle aluminum ink, and its sintering temperature far surpasses the withstand temp of above-mentioned device and plastic-substrates, thereby can't be used for the making of printing flexible device.
Recently, a kind of use organoaluminum ink of report is arranged, by the method for the high conductive aluminum electrode of the solution figure art of composition (solution-stamping) preparation, the method can be at lower temperature (150 ℃ or lower) preparation aluminium electrode.In the method for reporting, use OAlH
3(C
4H
9)
2As the aluminium presoma, and aluminum precursor is contacted in substrate with the titanium isopropylate catalyzer, catalytic decomposition forms the Al film of high conduction.
Yet also there are some problems in above-mentioned aluminium electrode preparation method: at first, the required temperature of this preparation method is still higher, still need to obtain high-quality aluminium electrodes in about 150 ℃ of ability; Secondly, the aluminum precursor performance of using among this preparation method is stable not, after depositing 72 hours, engenders gray precipitate with the ink of its making, and typography is had a strong impact on, and particularly stops up ink jet printing head.
Therefore, need also that a kind of performance is more stable, sintering temperature is low, can prepare the high-quality aluminum membrane electrode, and be suitable for the aluminium ink of spray ink Printing.
[summary of the invention]
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of stable performance, organoaluminum composition for ink that sintering temperature is low, and prepare the method for high-quality aluminum electrode by it.
For this reason, the present invention provides a kind of organoaluminum ink on the other hand, comprising: organo-aluminium compound 0.1-10%(weight), described organo-aluminium compound are the complex compound of ether compound and aluminum hydride; 88-99.89%(weight) boiling point is lower than 150 ℃ organic solvent, and described organic solvent does not react with described organo-aluminium compound; And 0.01-2%(weight) tensio-active agent, described tensio-active agent do not react with described organo-aluminium compound.
Described ether compound can be selected from ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or their arbitrary combination, and be preferably ether.
Described organic solvent can be selected from toluene, benzene, ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or their arbitrary combination.
Described tensio-active agent can be selected from ethylene glycol, mineral oil, or their arbitrary combination.
The present invention provides a kind of aluminium electrode preparation method on the other hand, comprising: organoaluminum composition for ink of the present invention is contacted with catalyzer on substrate, and in 40 ℃ to 120 ℃ temperature sintering 20 seconds to 5 minutes, wherein, described catalyzer was selected from TiCl again
4, ZrCl
4, NbCl
5, VOCl
3, VOCl
2, VCl
4, TiBr
4, or their arbitrary combination.
Before preparation method of the present invention can also be included in and make the organoaluminum composition for ink and catalyzer contacts, filter described organoaluminum composition for ink, to remove the step of solid.
Described catalyzer is preferably TiCl
4
Described catalyzer can be concentration 10
-6The solution of wt% to 0.1wt%, and the solvent of described solution is toluene, benzene, ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or their arbitrary combination.
Preferably, the concentration of described catalyzer is 10
-4Wt% to 0.01wt%.。
The beneficial effect of this law is: organoaluminum composition for ink of the present invention stable performance, can be at lower temperature (for example 40-120 ℃) processing and sintering, make it possible to make the aluminium electrode in plastic-substrates such as PET, PC, PEN and flexible device, range of application is expanded.Use organoaluminum ink of the present invention to prepare to have high conductivity, the high-quality aluminum electrode of low work content, and cost is far below the nanometer silver ink.In addition, in the aluminium electrode preparation method provided by the invention, by adopting catalyzer, further reduce the decomposition temperature of organoaluminum ink, improved the conductivity of aluminium electrode.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 illustrates the aluminium electrode according to embodiment of the present invention preparation.
Fig. 2 illustrates the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum according to the organo-aluminium compound of embodiment of the present invention.
[embodiment]
Organoaluminum ink of the present invention includes machine aluminium compound, organic solvent and tensio-active agent.
Organo-aluminium compound is the complex compound of ether compound and aluminum hydride, because aluminum hydride is insoluble to organic solvent usually, therefore introduces organic group ether, with the aluminium Atomic coordinate.Ether compound can be ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF) etc., or the mixture of multiple ether.Aluminum hydride after the coordination is organo-aluminium compound of the present invention, can be dissolved in the organic solvents such as ethers, is the main body of organoaluminum ink of the present invention.Solid retentate main component after the organo-aluminium compound thermolysis is conducting metal aluminium.
In the organoaluminum ink of the present invention, the concentration of organo-aluminium compound can be 0.1 ~ 10 wt% of aluminium composition for ink weight, for example can be 0.8 ~ 3wt%.The concentration of organo-aluminium compound directly affects the thickness of aluminium electrode prepared therefrom, and film is thicker, and the electrode square resistance is less, after thickness reaches certain value, continues to increase the thickness resistance change very little.
Organic solvent should be not and organo-aluminium compound generation chemical reaction, and boiling point is lower than 150 ℃.Being suitable for organic solvent of the present invention can be benzene homologues, ether compound or alkane a kind of, or several mixtures.For example, can adopt toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), alkane (such as hexane, octane, hexanaphthene etc.), or their any mixture.
In the organoaluminum ink of the present invention, the content of organic solvent can be 88 ~ 99.89wt% of aluminium composition for ink weight, is preferably 94 ~ 98wt%.
Tensio-active agent is mainly used in regulating the parameters such as viscosity in the ink typography, and also not with organo-aluminium compound generation chemical reaction.Being suitable for tensio-active agent of the present invention can be ink jet printing field tensio-active agent commonly used, for example, ethylene glycol, alkyl alcohol sulfuric ester, alkylsurfuric acid acyl ether-ether, polyoxyethylene alkylamide, diethyl phthalate, mineral oil, glycerin fatty acid ester, the lipid acid sorb is smooth etc.
In the organoaluminum ink of the present invention, the content of tensio-active agent can be 0.01 ~ 2wt% of aluminium composition for ink weight, is preferably 0.2 ~ 2wt%.Increase the percentage composition of organo-aluminium compound and the printability that the suitable content that improves tensio-active agent can further be regulated printing ink, make the organoaluminum ink be applicable to other mode of printings commonly used such as intaglio plate, silk screen printing.
So, by parameters such as interpolation solvent, tensio-active agent adjusting viscosities, but organo-aluminium compound of the present invention is configured to printing ink.The techniques such as spray ink Printing, silk screen printing or intaglio printing of can passing through aluminium ink of the present invention realize graphical printing, are applied to the flexible substrate surface.And further form metal guide electrit electrode by thermal degradation.
The method of using organoaluminum ink of the present invention to prepare aluminum film electrode can be carried out sintering in lower temperature, is generally 40 ℃ to 120 ℃ temperature.And the aluminium film electrode of acquisition high conduction performance.
The organoaluminum ink that has been reported is when Heating temperature is higher than 150 ℃, begins to decompose, and degradation production is aluminium, hydrogen and some by products.
But such higher reaction temperatures has limited the selection of stock, as the temperature that the plastic-substrates such as PET, PC, PEN and flexible device can bear below 150 ℃.The aluminium membrane resistance of decomposing at 150 ℃ of left and right sides organoaluminum inks simultaneously is relatively low, and some resistance is at several thousand Ω/more than the cm.
Be further to reduce organoaluminum ink decomposition temperature of the present invention, improve simultaneously the conductivity of aluminium electrode, the present invention has introduced catalyzer and has helped the sintering of organo-aluminium compound and decompose.Divide in conjunction with the AlH3 hydrogen storage material and to explain that catalyzer can reduce decomposition temperature and promote that degree of decomposition studies show that in the H-H reaction, catalyzer can be selected from the periodic table of elements among the IV b and V b metal part of compounds, aluminium ink precursor aluminum hydride ether coordination compound among the present invention and the decomposition reaction of aluminum hydride have general character, thus the catalyzer among the present invention can be selected from the periodic table of elements among the IV b and V b metal part of compounds.
These catalyzer can be by mixing with the organoaluminum ink or being coated between stock and the ink figure or placing ink figure top to introduce.The introducing that experimental results show that these catalyzer can impel the organoaluminum ink to decompose under its normal decomposition temperature and decompose more abundant being lower than.
Experiment shows, the organoaluminum ink of printed pattern at room temperature just can form the conductive aluminum film of metalluster, but the time is longer when the catalyzer coexistence is arranged, and the temperature that suitably raises can promote sintering velocity, and preferably sintering temperature is 60 ℃ to 120 ℃.
Optional catalyzer is TiCl
4, ZrCl
4, NbCl
5, VOCl
3, VOCl
2, VCl
4, TiBr
4, they and the title complex of ether or their any mixture.Preferred catalyzer is TiCl
4
Can be by catalyst preparation be become solution, the solvent that is used for being blended in the aluminium ink and the solvent phase of aluminium ink are with getting final product and mixing with the organoaluminum ink; Or catalyst solution is coated between stock and the ink figure, because catalyst coated rear solvent volatilizees fully, without impact, solvent can be anhydrous conventional solvent on follow-up aluminium ink technique; Or catalyst solution placed ink figure top, realize that the organoaluminum ink contacts with catalyzer.
Catalyst solution concentration is also very important in organic ink sintering experiment, and described catalyst content is at least 1 * 10
-6Wt%, but also must not be higher than 0.1 wt%.Most preferred catalyst concn is 10
-4Wt%-10
-2Wt%.
By contacting with preferred catalyzer, and in inertia or vacuum sintering, the organoaluminum ink can be converted into and can conduct electricity, have metalluster, patterned electrode.
Through measuring, the aluminium electrode work function of method preparation of the present invention about 3.7eV, this value even also lower than the work function 4.2eV of fine aluminium; Point resistance can satisfy the needs of OLED and OPV device cathodes electrode approximately about 2 Ω/cm fully, and is particularly significant in the application of flexible printing devices field at photoelectric device.Prepare the OLED negative electrode with this method, device can be normally luminous, and performance and vacuum evaporated aluminium cathode device are substantially suitable.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
The preparation of organo-aluminium compound
Because the organoaluminum ink is to water and oxygen sensitive, the synthetic and subsequent disposal of ink is all carried out under strict anhydrous condition, comprises the solvent seasoning distillation that dewaters, and the operations such as chemical reaction, printing, sintering are all carried out under glove box or argon gas inert atmosphere protection.
Embodiment 1: ether-aluminum hydride complex compound
All be lower than under the condition of 0.1ppm in glove box water oxygen level, take by weighing 3.23g AlCl
3, 2.82g LiAlH
4, and in-78 ℃ and N
2Protection is lower to be dissolved in respectively in 30ml and the 75ml anhydrous diethyl ether, obtains respectively AlCl
3Diethyl ether solution and LiAlH
4Diethyl ether solution.
With these two kinds of solution at-5 ℃ and N
2Protect lower blending reaction, make the solution of ether-aluminum hydride complex compound.
This solution can be directly uses as the solution of organo-aluminium compound; But maybe can adopt following methods to make the solid of stably stored, and be dissolved in use in the solvent instant joining.Solvent can be toluene, benzene, ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF) etc., or their any mixture.
The solution filter of ether-aluminum hydride complex compound, careful evaporate to dryness filtrate get white solid.This solid is washed repeatedly with anhydrous diethyl ether, and white solid stablized 8 hours in glove box after, vacuum-drying gets the white powder of 3.2g organo-aluminium compound (ether-aluminum hydride complex compound).
This ether-aluminum hydride complex compound solid stable performance can be deposited in-10 ℃ refrigerator 1 year and never degenerates.
Use deuterium for tetrahydrofuran (THF) (THF-D8) as solvent, the ether of preparation-aluminum hydride complex compound is carried out
1HNMR characterizes, and confirms that ether-aluminum hydride complex molecules formula is AlH
30.3O (C
2H
5)
2(referring to Fig. 1)
Embodiment 2: isopropyl ether-aluminum hydride complex compound
Adopt following methods, the solution of preparation isopropyl ether-aluminum hydride complex compound.
All be lower than under the condition of 0.1ppm in glove box (argon gas atmosphere) water oxygen level, with the aluminum hydride (AlH of 12.25ml 1M
3) join in the isopropyl ether solvent of 50ml, add again the aluminium reaction of 725mg.
After stirring under 55 ℃, obtain the isopropyl ether solution that concentration is about 0.3M isopropyl ether-aluminum hydride complex compound.
Embodiment 3: butyl ether-aluminum hydride complex compound
Adopt following methods, the solution of preparation butyl ether-aluminum hydride complex compound.
All be lower than under the condition of 0.1ppm in glove box (argon gas atmosphere) water oxygen level, with the lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH of 1ml 1M
4) join in the 50ml n-butyl ether solvent, add again the aluminium reaction of 60 mg.
After stirring under 70 ℃, obtain the n-butyl ether solution that concentration is about 0.03 M butyl ether-aluminum hydride complex compound.
The preparation of organoaluminum ink
Embodiment 4:
With the ether for preparing among the 20.8mg embodiment 1-aluminum hydride complex compound (AlH
30.3O (C
2H
5)
2), be dissolved in the 20ml toluene, obtain the solution of organo-aluminium compound.Add the ethylene glycol of 0.1 wt% as tensio-active agent, improve viscosity and the surface tension of solution, the organic phase HNY with 0.45 μ m filters out solid particulate again, obtains being applicable to the organoaluminum ink of spray ink Printing.Be 33 mN/m through surface tension, viscosity is 2.5 mPas.
Embodiment 5:
In the ethereal solution of the organo-aluminium compound that in embodiment 2, obtains, add the mineral oil of 0.04 wt% as tensio-active agent, improve the printability of gained organoaluminum ink, the organic phase HNY with 0.45 μ m filters out solid particulate again, obtains the organoaluminum ink.Be 28 mN/m through surface tension, viscosity is 4.0 mPas.
Embodiment 6:
In the ethereal solution of the organo-aluminium compound that in embodiment 3, obtains, add the mineral oil of 0.04 wt% as tensio-active agent, improve the printability of gained organoaluminum ink, the organic phase HNY with 0.45 μ m filters out solid particulate again, obtains the organoaluminum ink.Be 31 mN/m through surface tension, viscosity is 4.3 mPas.
The preparation of aluminium electrode
Embodiment 7:
TiCl with 30ul 0.001wt%
4Spray method is coated on the stock PET, and the organoaluminum ink of ink jet printing embodiment 4 preparation again after the drying obtains pattern electrodes.
After the volatilization of organic solvent in the organoaluminum ink, in 60 ℃ of sintering 2 minutes, obtain having metalluster, patterned high conductive aluminum electrode at the pet sheet face, as shown in Figure 1.
Through measuring, aluminium membrane resistance value is about 2.8 Ω.Aluminium electrode behind this sintering has preferably stability, place after 5 days in the atmosphere, the entire change of resistance value is no more than 2 Ω, and work function can also maintain 3.7eV simultaneously, the aluminium electrode stability that organoaluminum ink preparation is described is fine, and also low than the traditional method preparation of work function.
Embodiment 8:
Use the method similar with embodiment 7, at first distinguish spray application 10
-6Wt%, 10
-4Wt%, 10
-3Wt%, 10
-2The TiCl of wt%, 0.1 wt%
4To stock PET, dry rear organoaluminum ink in ink jet printing embodiment 5 preparations obtains pattern electrodes.
After the volatilization of organic solvent in the organoaluminum ink, in 80 ℃ of sintering 1 minute, obtain having metalluster, patterned high conductive aluminum electrode at the pet sheet face.
Through measuring, aluminium membrane resistance value is respectively 1000 Ω, 7 Ω, 2.3 Ω, 3M Ω, 500 Ω.Thereby preferred catalyst concn is 10 as can be known
-4Wt% ~ 10
-2Wt%.
Embodiment 9:
Use the method similar with embodiment 8, the organoaluminum ink that ink jet printing embodiment 6 prepares obtains pattern electrodes.After the volatilization of organic solvent in the organoaluminum ink, in 80 ℃ of sintering 2.5 minutes or 120 ℃ of sintering 1 minute, obtain the high conductive aluminum electrode approximate with embodiment 8 at the pet sheet face.Show that the ether part has considerable influence to preferred sintering temperature in the aluminium ink precursor.
Further the experiment of aluminium ink sintering temperature shows, sintering temperature major effect sintering velocity is less on the electrode resistance impact.The resistance that obtains such as the organoaluminum ink 40 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃, 120 ℃ lower abundant sintering embodiment 5 preparations is respectively 8.6 Ω, 7.3 Ω, 2.3 Ω, 2.5 Ω, and the sintering time of optimizing was respectively 5 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 1 minute, 20 seconds.Higher temperature can cause bubble phenomenon, increases on the contrary resistance, also is disadvantageous to the damage of device or substrate, thereby preferred sintering temperature is 60 ℃-120 ℃.
The above the specific embodiment of the present invention does not consist of the restriction to protection domain of the present invention.Various other corresponding changes and distortion that any technical conceive according to the present invention has been done all should be included in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. organoaluminum composition for ink comprises:
0.1-10%(weight) organo-aluminium compound, described organo-aluminium compound are the complex compound of ether compound and aluminum hydride;
88-99.89%(weight) boiling point is lower than 150 ℃ organic solvent, and described organic solvent does not react with described organo-aluminium compound; And
0.01-2%(weight) tensio-active agent, described tensio-active agent do not react with described organo-aluminium compound.
2. organoaluminum composition for ink claimed in claim 1, wherein, described ether compound is selected from ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or their arbitrary combination.
3. organoaluminum composition for ink claimed in claim 2, wherein, described ether compound is ether.
4. organoaluminum composition for ink claimed in claim 1, wherein, described organic solvent is selected from toluene, benzene, ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or their arbitrary combination.
5. organoaluminum composition for ink claimed in claim 1, wherein, described tensio-active agent is selected from ethylene glycol, mineral oil, or their arbitrary combination.
6. aluminium electrode preparation method comprises: make that each described organoaluminum composition for ink contacts with catalyzer in the claim 1 to 5 on substrate, and again in 40 ℃ to 120 ℃ temperature sintering 20 seconds to 5 minutes, wherein,
Described catalyzer is selected from TiCl
4, ZrCl
4, NbCl
5, VOCl
3, VOCl
2, VCl
4, TiBr
4, or their arbitrary combination.
7. preparation method claimed in claim 6 wherein, before described preparation method also is included in and makes the organoaluminum composition for ink and catalyzer contacts, filters described organoaluminum composition for ink, to remove the step of solid.
8. preparation method claimed in claim 6, wherein, described catalyzer is TiCl
4
9. preparation method claimed in claim 6, wherein, described catalyzer is concentration 10
-6The solution of wt% to 0.1wt%, and the solvent of described solution is toluene, benzene, ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), or their arbitrary combination.
10. preparation method claimed in claim 9, wherein, the concentration of described catalyzer is 10
-4Wt% to 0.01wt%.
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| CN2012104050922A CN102911554A (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2012-10-22 | Organic aluminum ink and aluminum electrode preparation method |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019521524A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-07-25 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | Method of manufacturing laminate for organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell and method of manufacturing organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100022078A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Joerg Rockenberger | Aluminum Inks and Methods of Making the Same, Methods for Depositing Aluminum Inks, and Films Formed by Printing and/or Depositing an Aluminum Ink |
-
2012
- 2012-10-22 CN CN2012104050922A patent/CN102911554A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100022078A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Joerg Rockenberger | Aluminum Inks and Methods of Making the Same, Methods for Depositing Aluminum Inks, and Films Formed by Printing and/or Depositing an Aluminum Ink |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019521524A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-07-25 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | Method of manufacturing laminate for organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell and method of manufacturing organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell |
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Application publication date: 20130206 |