CN102910669A - 一种冶金法制备纳米ZnO的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
本发明提供一种冶金法制备纳米ZnO的方法,采用氢气还原锌矿,形成锌液加高温蒸发,然后通水蒸气反应形成ZnO粉和氢气,氢气循环使用。本发明既能制备出优质的纳米氧化锌,又能将产生的氢气循环利用。该方法制得的氧化锌粉体纯度高,粒度均匀;整个方法的成本低,所用设备简单,易进行工业化生产,是一种新型高效制取氧化锌纳米粉体和氢气循环利用的技术。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冶金法制备纳米ZnO的方法,属于能源及材料技术领域。
背景技术
在纳米材料的研究中,纳米氧化锌是近年来开发出的一种新型多功能、多用途、高性能精细化工产品,在很多场合下扮演着一种不可替代型生产资料的角色,市场需求量也随之增长。氧化锌粉体广泛应用于各个行业中,特别是纳米级氧化锌粉体由于其尺寸小、比表面积大,呈现出表面效应、体积效应、量子隧道效应,具有非迁移性、荧光性、光吸收性和散射紫外光能力。因此氧化锌粉体可用于制备压敏电阻、变阻器、磁性材料、荧光体、紫外线屏蔽材料、气体传感器、图像记录材料、高级涂料与增白剂等广泛作用,其前景十分广阔。
氢气作为未来的理想能源其制备方法目前较多,形成规模化的主要有:含烃化石燃料转化制氢、电解水制氢等;除此外还有光解水制氢、生物制氢、热化学制氢等,该类方法目前虽未规模化,却代表着氢能制备新技术发展的方向。其中利用金属热化学分解水制氢技术是一种前景可观的高纯氢气制取技术。
纳米氧化锌的制备已应用到生产上的制备方法主要有:化学沉淀法、溶胶—凝胶法,乳化法、微乳化法、固相化学反应法。这些方法的制备过程复杂,工艺条件要求苛刻,且制备成本较高,造成环境污染。本发明提供的方法工艺简单,成本低廉,制备的氧化锌纯度高,粒度均匀,同时产生清洁能源氢气且可循环利用,对于节能减排较为有利。
发明内容
为解决传统氧化锌制备工艺的不足,本发明提供一种冶金法制备纳米ZnO的方法,通过下列技术方案实现。
一种冶金法制备纳米ZnO的方法,采用氢气还原锌矿,形成锌液加高温蒸发,然后通水蒸气反应形成ZnO粉和氢气,氢气循环使用,具体步骤如下:
(1)将锌矿在500~1000℃下通入氢气进行反应,使氢气还原锌矿形成锌液;
(2)将步骤(1)形成的锌液在900~1200℃下蒸发成锌蒸汽;
(3)向步骤(2)中的锌蒸汽中通入100~600℃的水蒸汽,与锌蒸汽反应生成ZnO粉末和氢气;
(4)收集步骤(3)所得ZnO粉末和氢气,经冷却降温后进行气固分离,即得到纳米ZnO和氢气。
所述步骤(3)通入水蒸气的流量为0.1~10g/min。
所述步骤(3)所得氢气返回步骤(1)循环使用。
本发明冶金法制备纳米ZnO的方法,既能制备出优质的纳米氧化锌,又能将产生的氢气循环利用。该方法制得的氧化锌粉体纯度高,粒度均匀;整个方法的成本低,所用设备简单,易进行工业化生产,是一种新型高效制取氧化锌纳米粉体和氢气循环利用的技术。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)将锌矿在700℃下通入氢气进行反应,使氢气还原锌矿形成锌液;
(2)将步骤(1)形成的锌液在950℃下蒸发成锌蒸汽;
(3)以流量为1g/min向步骤(2)中的锌蒸汽中通入200℃的水蒸汽,与锌蒸汽反应生成ZnO粉末和氢气;
(4)收集步骤(3)所得ZnO粉末和氢气,经换热器换热冷却降温后进行气固分离,即得到纳米ZnO和氢气;所得氢气返回步骤(1)循环使用。
实施例2
(1)将锌矿在800℃下通入氢气进行反应,使氢气还原锌矿形成锌液;
(2)将步骤(1)形成的锌液在1000℃下蒸发成锌蒸汽;
(3)以流量为4g/min向步骤(2)中的锌蒸汽中通入400℃的水蒸汽,与锌蒸汽反应生成ZnO粉末和氢气;
(4)收集步骤(3)所得ZnO粉末和氢气,经换热器换热冷却降温后进行气固分离,即得到纳米ZnO和氢气;所得氢气返回步骤(1)循环使用。
实施例3
(1)将锌矿在900℃下通入氢气进行反应,使氢气还原锌矿形成锌液;
(2)将步骤(1)形成的锌液在1100℃下蒸发成锌蒸汽;
(3)以流量为6g/min向步骤(2)中的锌蒸汽中通入100~600℃的水蒸汽,与锌蒸汽反应生成ZnO粉末和氢气;
(4)收集步骤(3)所得ZnO粉末和氢气,经换热器换热冷却降温后进行气固分离,即得到纳米ZnO和氢气;所得氢气返回步骤(1)循环使用。
实施例4
(1)将锌矿在1000℃下通入氢气进行反应,使氢气还原锌矿形成锌液;
(2)将步骤(1)形成的锌液在1200℃下蒸发成锌蒸汽;
(3)以流量为10g/min向步骤(2)中的锌蒸汽中通入600℃的水蒸汽,与锌蒸汽反应生成ZnO粉末和氢气;
(4)收集步骤(3)所得ZnO粉末和氢气,经换热器换热冷却降温后进行气固分离,即得到纳米ZnO和氢气;所得氢气返回步骤(1)循环使用。
实施例5
(1)将锌矿在500℃下通入氢气进行反应,使氢气还原锌矿形成锌液;
(2)将步骤(1)形成的锌液在900℃下蒸发成锌蒸汽;
(3)以流量为0.1g/min向步骤(2)中的锌蒸汽中通入100℃的水蒸汽,与锌蒸汽反应生成ZnO粉末和氢气;
(4)收集步骤(3)所得ZnO粉末和氢气,经换热器换热冷却降温后进行气固分离,即得到纳米ZnO和氢气;所得氢气返回步骤(1)循环使用。
Claims (3)
1.一种冶金法制备纳米ZnO的方法,其特征在于:采用氢气还原锌矿,形成锌液加高温蒸发,然后通水蒸气反应形成ZnO粉和氢气,氢气循环使用,具体步骤如下:
(1)将锌矿在500~1000℃下通入氢气进行反应,使氢气还原锌矿形成锌液;
(2)将步骤(1)形成的锌液在900~1200℃下蒸发成锌蒸汽;
(3)向步骤(2)中的锌蒸汽中通入100~600℃的水蒸汽,与锌蒸汽反应生成ZnO粉末和氢气;
(4)收集步骤(3)所得ZnO粉末和氢气,经冷却降温后进行气固分离,即得到纳米ZnO和氢气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冶金法制备纳米ZnO的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)通入水蒸气的流量为0.1~10g/min。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的冶金法制备纳米ZnO的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)所得氢气返回步骤(1)循环使用。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103614119A (zh) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-03-05 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种Zn/ZnO包裹性蓄热材料的制备方法 |
CN113247945A (zh) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-13 | 山西于斯为盛环保科技有限公司 | 一种治理冶金含锌灰过程中锌蒸气合成氧化锌的装置和方法 |
CN114436321A (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-05-06 | 西安交通大学 | 一种氢气循环还原制备高纯纳米ZnO的装置及方法 |
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CN1396117A (zh) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-02-12 | 山东小鸭集团有限责任公司 | 一种纳米氧化锌的制备方法 |
US20060071207A1 (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-06 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Selective deposition of ZnO nanostructures on a silicon substrate using a nickel catalyst and either patterned polysilicon or silicon surface modification |
CN101746724A (zh) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-06-23 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种同时制取氢气与氧化锌粉体的方法 |
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CN1396117A (zh) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-02-12 | 山东小鸭集团有限责任公司 | 一种纳米氧化锌的制备方法 |
US20060071207A1 (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-06 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Selective deposition of ZnO nanostructures on a silicon substrate using a nickel catalyst and either patterned polysilicon or silicon surface modification |
CN101746724A (zh) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-06-23 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种同时制取氢气与氧化锌粉体的方法 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103614119A (zh) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-03-05 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种Zn/ZnO包裹性蓄热材料的制备方法 |
CN103614119B (zh) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-05-11 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种Zn/ZnO包裹性蓄热材料的制备方法 |
CN113247945A (zh) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-13 | 山西于斯为盛环保科技有限公司 | 一种治理冶金含锌灰过程中锌蒸气合成氧化锌的装置和方法 |
CN113247945B (zh) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-03-14 | 山西于斯为盛环保科技有限公司 | 一种治理冶金含锌灰过程中锌蒸气合成氧化锌的装置和方法 |
CN114436321A (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-05-06 | 西安交通大学 | 一种氢气循环还原制备高纯纳米ZnO的装置及方法 |
CN114436321B (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-12-06 | 西安交通大学 | 一种氢气循环还原制备高纯纳米ZnO的装置及方法 |
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