Background technology
Cobalt oxide catalyst is used wider, for example ethene and water-gas are under the Co catalysts effect, can obtain aldehyde and alcohol, novel co-based fischer-tropsch catalyst can be used for synthetic long chain hydrocarbon and clear energy sources (Chem. Rev. 2007,107,1692-1744), two key peroxidating (Xiamen University's journal (natural science edition) in the unsaturated fatty acid ester that supported cobalt catalysts promotes, 2010,49 volumes, 03 phase, 373-380), cobalt oxide catalyst take Al (OH) x as carrier carries out cyclohexane and toluene selective oxidation under the condition of not using a large amount of solvents, obtained good result (catalysis journal, 2004,25 volumes, 11 phases, 887~891).Aspect the pollutant of some difficult degradations of catalytic oxidation, preferably application prospect is arranged also in addition, such as: at room temperature the organic matter such as catalyze oxidation of formaldehyde, catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane (Catal. Commun. 2005,6,211-214).But in the situation that does not have suitable carrier, the efficient of cobalt oxide is low; Have and study with CNT or mesopore silicon oxide (petroleum journal (PETROLEUM PROCESSING); 01 phase in 2011, chemical journal; 16 phases in 2008); but these material prices are relatively costly; and in the situation that carrier is arranged, thickness and the area of load have a great impact catalytic effect, and catalyst often can occur can be blocked up in the inhomogeneous some areas of carrier surface load; or some place situation that can not load to, cause the waste of catalyst or carrier.In addition, the active force between catalyst and the carrier how, also can have influence on catalytic effect, then can occur catalyst a little less than crossing and come off or be adsorbed in the carrier cavity.
Hydrotalcite-based compound (LDHs) is to pile up the compound that forms by interlayer anion and positively charged laminate.The hydrotalcite chemical structure of general formula is: [M
2+ 1-xM
3+X (OH)
2]
X+[(A
N-)
X/nMH
2O], M wherein
2+And M
3+Be respectively the divalence and the trivalent metal cation that are positioned on the main body laminate, such as Mg
2+, Ni
2+, Zn
2+, Mn
2+, Cu
2+, Co
2+, Pd
2+, Fe
2+Deng bivalent cation and Al
3+, Cr
3+, Co
3+, Fe
3+All can form hydrotalcite Deng Tricationic; A
N –Be interlayer anion, can comprise inorganic anion, organic anion, complex anion, same many and heteropolyanion; X is M
3+/ (M
2++ M
3+) molar ratio, approximately be that 4:1 is to 2:1; M is the number of intermediary water molecule.Its structure is similar to shepardite Mg (OH)
2, share seamed edge and form the main body laminate by octahedron.Be positioned at the divalent metal M on the laminate
2+Can be by the close trivalent metal cation M of ion half price in certain proportion
3+The isomorphous replaces so that laminate is positively charged, interlayer exist can exchange anion and the positive charge balance on the laminate so that the overall structure of LDHs is electroneutral.The anion of interlayer can be exchanged, and through a series of modifications, hydrotalcite material can obtain the many kinds of materials that performance is different.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of preparation method of porous oxidation Co catalysts for overcoming the deficiency that the carrier price is high in the prior art, load process is complicated.
The technical solution used in the present invention is in turn include the following steps:
1) with CoCl
2And AlCl
3Be dissolved into respectively in the water, be configured to two kinds of solution that concentration is 1 ~ 2 mol/L, two kinds of solution are mixed, Co in the maintenance mixed solution and the mol ratio of Al are 2 ~ 4, splash into NaOH in 70 ~ 80 ℃ of water-baths of constant temperature, and keeping the pH value is 12 ~ 13, reaction 2 ~ 3 h, aging 12 ~ 24 h, precipitate and separate is washed 2 ~ 3 times with deionized water;
2) solid that obtains is joined in the cobaltinitrite sodium solution that concentration is 2 ~ 4 mol/L, solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:10 ~ 1:50, stirs 4 ~ 5 h, precipitate and separate, the product that obtains at 400 ~ 500 ℃ temperature lower calcination, obtains the porous oxidation Co catalysts after washing 2 ~ 3 times with deionized water.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) passes through coprecipitation reaction, cobalt is being mingled with a small amount of aluminium and is forming the larger lamellar structure of specific area, exchange into natrium cobaltinitrosum at the sheet interlayer again, forming cobalt oxide by high-temperature calcination again supports, make and separate between lamella and the lamella and fixing, can not separate or closed and form regular nano aperture, make this material have good pore structure and larger specific area, be conducive to absorption and catalysis.
(2) catalyst distribution is even, the situation that some surface does not have catalyst can not occur, and interlamellar spacing is supported for the nanometer grade cobalt oxide particle, and the corresponding nano effect of the performance of utilization is arranged.
(3) in whole catalyst, do not have carrier, only have a small amount of aluminium to support as the lamella skeleton, do not have the weak problem of active force between carrier and the catalyst.
The specific embodiment
With CoCl
2And AlCl
3Be dissolved into respectively in the water, be configured to two kinds of solution that concentration is 1 ~ 2 mol/L, two kinds of solution are mixed, and keeping the mol ratio of Co and Al is 2 ~ 4, splashes into a certain amount of NaOH in 70 ~ 80 ℃ of water-baths of constant temperature, keeping the pH value is 12 ~ 13, reaction 2 ~ 3 h, aging 12 ~ 24 h form the precipitation with layer structure in this process, precipitate and separate, deionization washing 2 ~ 3 times.The solid that precipitation is obtained joins in the cobaltinitrite sodium solution that concentration is 2 ~ 4 mol/L, solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:10 ~ 1:50, stir 4 ~ 5 h, precipitate and separate, the solid that obtains is after with deionized water washing 2 ~ 3 times, at 400 ~ 500 ℃ temperature lower calcination, can obtain the porous oxidation Co catalysts.
4 embodiment of the present invention below further are provided:
Embodiment 1
With CoCl
2And AlCl
3Be dissolved into respectively in the water, be configured to the solution that concentration is 2 mol/L, two kinds of solution are mixed, and keeping the mol ratio of Co and Al is 4, splashes into a certain amount of NaOH in 80 ℃ of water-baths of constant temperature, keeping the pH value is 13, react 3 h, aging 24 h form the precipitation with layer structure in this process, precipitate and separate, deionization washing 3 times; The solid that precipitation is obtained joins in the cobaltinitrite sodium solution that concentration is 4 mol/L, and solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:10, stirs 5 h, precipitate and separate, the solid that obtains at 500 ℃ temperature lower calcination, can obtain the porous oxidation Co catalysts after with deionized water washing 3 times.
Adopt U-shaped pipe (internal diameter 4 mm) continuous-flow reaction evaluating device, in the synthetic cobalt oxide catalyst disposed tubes that obtains of weighing 100 mg, the flow velocity of regulating air is 40 mL/min, Air Flow drives formaldehyde gas and enters in the U-shaped pipe reactor, and the gas volume (being air speed) that per hour flows through every liter of catalyst is 55000 h
-1Under 25 ℃ of conditions, it is that the formaldehyde gas complete oxidation of 100 ppm is carbon dioxide and water that this catalyst can make 73% concentration.
Embodiment 2
With CoCl
2And AlCl
3Be dissolved into respectively in the water, be configured to the solution that concentration is 1mol/L, two kinds of solution are mixed, and keeping the mol ratio of Co and Al is 2, splashes into a certain amount of NaOH in 70 ℃ of water-baths of constant temperature, keeping the pH value is 12, react 2 h, aging 12 h form the precipitation with layer structure in this process, precipitate and separate, deionization washing 2 times; The solid that precipitation is obtained joins in the cobaltinitrite sodium solution that concentration is 2 mol/L, and solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:50, stirs 4 h, precipitate and separate, the solid that obtains at 400 ℃ temperature lower calcination, can obtain the porous oxidation Co catalysts after with deionized water washing 2 times.
Adopt U-shaped pipe (internal diameter 4 mm) continuous-flow reaction evaluating device, in the synthetic cobalt oxide catalyst disposed tubes that obtains of weighing 100 mg, the flow velocity of regulating air is 40 mL/min, Air Flow drives methanol gas and enters in the U-shaped pipe reactor, and the gas volume (being air speed) that per hour flows through every liter of catalyst is 55000 h
-1Under 25 ℃ of conditions, it is that the formaldehyde gas complete oxidation of 100 ppm is carbon dioxide and water that this catalyst can make 91% concentration.
Embodiment 3
With CoCl
2And AlCl
3Be dissolved into respectively in the water, be configured to the solution that concentration is 2 mol/L, two kinds of solution are mixed, and keeping the mol ratio of Co and Al is 3, splashes into a certain amount of NaOH in 75 ℃ of water-baths of constant temperature, keeping the pH value is 12, react 3 h, aging 16 h form the precipitation with layer structure in this process, precipitate and separate, deionization washing 3 times; The solid that precipitation is obtained joins in the cobaltinitrite sodium solution that concentration is 4 mol/L, and solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:30, stirs 5 h, precipitate and separate, the solid that obtains at 450 ℃ temperature lower calcination, can obtain the porous oxidation Co catalysts after with deionized water washing 3 times.
Adopt U-shaped pipe (internal diameter 4 mm) continuous-flow reaction evaluating device, in the synthetic cobalt oxide catalyst disposed tubes that obtains of weighing 100 mg, the flow velocity of regulating air is 40 mL/min, Air Flow drives toluene gas and enters in the U-shaped pipe reactor, and the gas volume (being air speed) that per hour flows through every liter of catalyst is 55000 h
-1Under 25 ℃ of conditions, it is that the formaldehyde gas complete oxidation of 100 ppm is carbon dioxide and water that this catalyst can make 62% concentration.
Embodiment 4
With CoCl
2And AlCl
3Be dissolved into respectively in the water, be configured to the solution that concentration is 2 mol/L, two kinds of solution are mixed, and keeping the mol ratio of Co and Al is 3, splashes into a certain amount of NaOH in 80 ℃ of water-baths of constant temperature, keeping the pH value is 13, react 3 h, aging 18 h form the precipitation with layer structure in this process, precipitate and separate, deionization washing 3 times; The solid that precipitation is obtained joins in the cobaltinitrite sodium solution that concentration is 4 mol/L, and solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:20, stirs 5 h, precipitate and separate, the solid that obtains at 500 ℃ temperature lower calcination, can obtain the porous oxidation Co catalysts after with deionized water washing 3 times.
The synthetic catalyst that obtains is joined in the waste water that contains dyestuff gold orange II, dye strength is 30mg/L, the amount that adds catalyst in every liter of waste water is 0.5g, regulating pH is 4, through 2 h, utilize ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer to analyze the concentration of Pollutants in Wastewater, after measured, the clearance of dyestuff is 97.5%.