CN102908159A - Radiotherapy with superposition-free 3D computerized tomography imaging - Google Patents
Radiotherapy with superposition-free 3D computerized tomography imaging Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
- A61N5/1064—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for adjusting radiation treatment in response to monitoring
- A61N5/1065—Beam adjustment
- A61N5/1067—Beam adjustment in real time, i.e. during treatment
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- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
- A61N5/1049—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
- A61N2005/1061—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam using an x-ray imaging system having a separate imaging source
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Abstract
The invention relates to a radiotherapy apparatus, comprising: a therapeutic radiation source; a image capturing apparatus used for computerized tomography 3D image data sets, containing the radiation sources and an oppositely positioned radiation detector used for recording original image data for the superposition-free computerized tomography 3D image data sets; a reconstruction apparatus used for reconstructing the superposition-free computerized tomography 3D image data sets from the original image data; and a control device for the coordinated control of an irradiation with the therapeutic radiation source, and a recording and reconstruction of the superposition-free computerized tomography 3D image data sets by using the image capturing apparatus and the reconstruction apparatus. The invention further relates to a method for image data recording during a radiotherapy session, comprising the following steps: recording of raw image data for the superposition-free computerized tomography 3D image data sets, and reconstructing the superposition-free computerized tomography 3D image data sets from the raw image before the irradiation is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a radiotherapy apparatus with a computed tomography imaging device and a method for recording image data during radiotherapy.
Background
Radiation therapy is a mainstream method in which ionizing radiation is used for the treatment of pathological tissues, such as tumor tissues. The goal of radiation therapy is to irradiate the tissue to be treated with a sufficient treatment dose while not damaging healthy surrounding tissue. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect depends on: ionizing radiation acts differently on healthy and pathological tissues.
When a patient is irradiated with a radiotherapy apparatus, the site to be irradiated may move due to intentional and unintentional patient motion (e.g., breathing, gastrointestinal peristalsis). Thus, the irradiation may deviate from the previously determined radiation plan.
US6778850 describes a delivery of radiation therapy in which a plurality of diagnostic X-ray images are recorded in order to reconstruct therefrom a low-resolution tomosynthesis image (tomosynthesis-abbilung) which is then used to focus the radiation onto a target volume.
US7684647 describes the implementation of a radiotherapy treatment in which a 2D radiograph taken in irradiation is correlated with a 3D image data set taken before irradiation.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the invention is to provide a radiation therapy system and a method for recording image data during radiation therapy, which allow precise monitoring of the irradiation and in which a comparison with previously recorded image data is possible in a simple manner.
The radiotherapy apparatus according to the present invention comprises:
-a therapeutic radiation source,
a recording device for a computed tomography 3D image data record, which contains a diagnostic radiation source and a radiation detector located opposite, by means of which raw image data can be recorded for a non-overlapping computed tomography 3D image data record,
a reconstruction device by means of which a non-overlapping 3D image data record of a computed tomography image can be reconstructed from the original image data, and
-control means for controlling in coordination: irradiation with a therapeutic radiation source and recording and reconstruction of a non-overlapping 3D image data record of a computed tomography image using a recording device and a reconstruction device.
In the radiation therapy system, therefore, a recording device for a three-dimensional CT image data record (CT stands for computed tomography) can be installed or integrated. Three-dimensional, non-overlapping computed tomography image data records can be recorded by means of the recording device. The three-dimensional, non-overlapping image data record can be reconstructed from the recorded raw image data using a common CT reconstruction algorithm. An image of the region to be irradiated can thus be obtained which depicts the region to be irradiated with a high contrast resolution.
Three-dimensional CT image data can describe and locate the region to be irradiated (in particular the soft tissue to be irradiated) more accurately with a significantly higher contrast resolution than two-dimensional radiography. Only using multiple two-dimensional radiographs from different directions can delineate the region to be irradiated with only limited three-dimensional information. If a correlation between these radiographs with the planning CT data set should be established at this time, the establishment of such a correlation is not technically easy to accomplish due to the different image types.
Only tomosynthesis imaging images the object to be examined in a section through the object, but does not describe the section through the object completely without overlap. Tomosynthesis has a certain blurring, since structures located in front of and behind the slice in the object are likewise imaged (if they are also clearly blurred) and are therefore displayed superimposed in the image together with the actual slice image information. Accordingly, tomosynthesis shots are not overlap-free. This limits not only the contrast resolution but also the three-dimensional information.
When an association with the planning CT data set should now be established, this is also technically not easy to achieve, since different image types are compared with one another.
On the other hand, the three-dimensional CT image data set recorded by the current radiotherapy apparatus is a three-dimensional data set for completely non-overlapping imaging of a structure of an object. From the three-dimensional CT data set, for example, a sectional image can be generated, which merely visualizes the object in the section without "diluting" the image information by superimposing other regions of the target object. The three-dimensional image data set has a good low contrast detectability typical for CT images.
Due to the similarity between the three-dimensional computed tomography image data record and the planning CT image data record, the comparison and/or the correlation of the two data records can be easily carried out with relatively little technical effort.
The radiation detector may comprise an array with one or more detector rows arranged in the longitudinal direction of the patient for detecting X-rays. The detector rows may be arranged so as to be perpendicular to the axis about which the therapeutic radiation source rotates. Each detector row of a CT detector may contain several hundred detector elements, respectively. The array may comprise a plane having a stretch in length which is at least 2 times, or even 3 or 5 times, the stretch in the longitudinal direction as compared to the stretch in the transverse direction.
The detector can thus be such that the measurement field in the direction of the patient cross-section covers at least 50cm at the center of symmetry of the radiotherapy apparatus and the measurement field in the longitudinal direction covers a maximum of 20cm at the center of symmetry. The detector therefore differs significantly from the so-called Flat-Panel detector (Flat-Panel detector), which is used, for example, in Cone-Beam CT (Cone-Beam CT) or for generating radiography, X-ray examination or tomosynthesis and thus often has a significantly square shape. The recording device can thus be a single-row computer tomograph or a multi-row computer tomograph.
The photographing device can be rotatably supported. In this case, the camera can be rotated by at least 180 ° plus the fan angle of the radiation detector in order to record the raw image data. For example, the imaging device and the therapeutic radiation source can be attached to a rotating device of the radiation therapy system in such a way that the therapeutic radiation source and the imaging device rotate together about a central axis. This enables a compact construction. In this way, it is also possible to record the complete raw image data, which is necessary for reconstructing the CT image data set, during and before the end of the irradiation.
In one embodiment, the control device can be configured such that the irradiation is initiated. The recording of the raw image data for the non-overlapping 3D computed tomography image data record is controlled in such a way that the recording is started after the irradiation has started. The raw image data may be recorded partially (or even completely) as the treatment radiation is applied, i.e., as the treatment radiation is directed to the patient by the therapeutic radiation source. The rotation of the recording device, which is necessary for this purpose, can likewise be carried out (at least partially) during the application of the treatment beam.
In one embodiment, the control device has an input via which an external signal representing the movement of the object to be imaged is transmitted to the control device. The external signal can be recorded, for example, by an external motion sensor, for example, by an optical camera that monitors the patient's surface or by a compression belt (druckhurtel) that monitors the chest pressure during breathing.
The control device can be configured to control the recording of the raw image data in such a way that the raw image data are recorded only during certain time intervals, during which the object to be imaged is in a certain state of motion. The recording of the raw image data may be triggered by an external signal. For example, the raw image data can be recorded only at certain breathing phases. Thereby, motion blur is reduced in the reconstructed computed tomography image data.
The reconstruction means may be configured such that the recorded raw image data are temporally linked to an external signal characterizing the movement of the object to be imaged. This connection can also be used to reconstruct the image data record of the computer tomography in such a way that motion-induced blurring is reduced or even minimized.
The reconstruction device can be configured in such a way that a plurality of respective non-overlapping 3D computed tomography image data records are determined from the recorded raw image data linked to the external signals, which 3D image data records image the object to be imaged at different times. For example, raw image data may be recorded continuously. The reconstruction can then be performed using an external signal associated with the raw image data, and the raw image data can be classified temporally. In this way, a time-oriented sequence of three-dimensional computed tomography image data records can be generated, wherein each individual image data record visualizes the object structure three-dimensionally and without overlapping.
Furthermore, the control device can be configured to compare the 3D image data record and the reconstructed, non-overlapping, computed tomography image data record during the irradiation with the previously recorded 3D image data record (for example with the planning CT image data record) and to control the irradiation process as a function of this comparison.
By means of this connection it can be determined how the object to be illuminated is moved and/or deformed. The association can be made, for example, by a strict or non-strict registration of the relevant object parts, from which information about the movement, rotation and/or deformation of the object is derived and used for controlling the illumination.
In this case, it is also possible to link the CT image data record acquired during the irradiation with a time-resolved CT image data record of the examination subject acquired before the irradiation, the CT images showing the region to be irradiated at different points in time (for example at different breathing phases) before the examination.
The illumination may be controlled based on the comparison. For example, the illumination may be interrupted; the irradiation can be carried out only at a predetermined irradiation target position, which is determined by comparison; or the illumination may be controlled such that the illumination follows the object movement.
The method according to the invention for recording image data in radiotherapy comprises the following steps:
after the start of the irradiation, raw image data are recorded for a non-overlapping computer tomography 3D image data record, and,
reconstructing a non-overlapping computer tomography 3D image data record from the raw image data before the end of the irradiation.
Raw image data can be recorded by means of a computed tomography imaging device having a radiation detector comprising an array having one or more detector rows arranged in the longitudinal direction of the patient. Raw image data can be recorded by rotating the radiation detector around the patient by at least 180 ° plus the fan angle of the radiation detector.
The raw image data can be recorded and/or the non-overlapping computed tomography images can be reconstructed using external signals which characterize the movement of the object to be imaged. For example, the raw image data can be recorded only during certain time intervals in which the object to be imaged is in a certain state of motion. However, the raw image data can also be recorded continuously or independently of the movement of the object.
The recorded raw image data for reconstruction can be linked to external signals, wherein in particular a plurality of respective non-overlapping 3D image data records of a computed tomography image are reconstructed, which visualize the object to be imaged at different times.
The non-overlapping computer tomography 3D image data record can be compared with the 3D image data record prior to the irradiation in order to control the irradiation process in particular as a function of the comparison.
The above and the following description of individual features, advantages and effects relates not only to the apparatus but also to the method and is not in each case individually elaborated; the individual features disclosed here can also be combined in other suitable ways in accordance with the invention.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are further illustrated, but not limited, by the following figures. Wherein,
fig. 1 shows a strongly schematic structure of a radiotherapy apparatus, with an o-gantry in which a CT imaging device is integrated,
figure 2 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention for recording image data during irradiation,
fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention for recording image data during irradiation.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a radiotherapy apparatus 11 with an o-gantry 13.
The gantry 13 has a central opening 13 in which a patient 17 on a patient couch 19 is positioned for irradiation.
On the gantry ring is a rotating device 21, by means of which a therapeutic radiation source 23 can be rotated around the patient 17. The radiation of the radiation source to be treated is collimated (kollimirt) by means of a multileaf collimator (Multi-Leaf-Kollimator), whereby the irradiation field is limited in two dimensions. Accordingly, multileaf collimators are distinguished from one-dimensional binary collimators (
Kollimator) that only allows variation of the illumination field in one dimension.
Likewise connected to the rotating device 21 and integrated in the radiation therapy system 11 are a CT-X-ray source 25 and a CT detector 27, by means of which raw image data can be recorded for non-overlapping three-dimensional computed tomography.
The CT detector 27 comprises an array with one or more detector rows arranged in the longitudinal direction of the patient 17. For recording the raw image data, the imaging assembly can be rotated together with the rotation device by 180 ° plus the fan angle of the radiation detector.
The radiotherapy system 11 has a control device 29, by means of which the individual components of the radiotherapy system 11 are controlled in a coordinated manner.
Furthermore, the control device 29 has an input 31, via which signals can be input to the control device 29, which signals are recorded by an external sensor 33 or a motion monitor and represent a motion (for example a respiratory motion) of the patient 17.
Furthermore, the radiotherapy system 11 has a reconstruction device 35, by means of which a non-overlapping three-dimensional computed tomography image data record can be generated from the raw image data.
The control means 29 and the reconstruction means 35 may be realized, for example, by computer units.
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart describing an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
First, irradiation is started (step 51).
The respiratory motion of the patient is monitored and acquired by an external motion monitor. Signals representative of the motion are recorded and transmitted to the radiotherapy apparatus (step 53).
The raw image data is recorded while irradiating and in particular while applying the irradiating radiation (step 55). The recording is only carried out during a defined time interval, i.e. when the patient is in a defined breathing phase. It is determined whether the proper breathing phase is present based on the external signal.
After sufficient raw image data have been recorded, a three-dimensional non-overlapping computed tomography image data record is generated from the raw image data before the irradiation has ended (step 57).
The non-overlapping three-dimensional computed tomography image data set is compared with a planning CT image data set (planengs-CT-bilddantensatz) (step 59).
The irradiation is controlled in dependence of the comparison, for example by repositioning the patient or by controlling a gated irradiation method or a tracked irradiation method (step 61).
Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2, the raw image data are recorded continuously here (step 55').
However, the raw image data are linked to external signals characterizing the movement during the reconstruction. The reconstruction is carried out time-resolved, i.e. the raw data are classified according to the external signals, and a time-wise sequence of non-overlapping three-dimensional CT image data sets is generated (step 57').
The temporal sequence of the CT image data records acquired during the irradiation is linked to the time-resolved CT image data records of the examination subject acquired before the irradiation in order to control the irradiation (step 59').
List of reference numerals
11 radiotherapy apparatus
13 frame
15 central opening
17 patients
19 patient couch
21 rotating device
23 therapeutic radiation source
25 diagnostic radiation source
27 radiation detector
29 control device
31 input terminal
33 external sensor
35 reconstruction device
51 step 51
53 step 53
55, 55 'step 55, step 55'
57, 57 'step 57, step 57'
59, 59 'step 59, step 59'
61 step 61
Claims (17)
1. A radiotherapy apparatus (11), comprising:
a therapeutic radiation source (23),
a recording device for a computed tomography 3D image data record, which comprises a diagnostic radiation source (25) and a radiation detector (27) located opposite thereto, by means of which radiation detector raw image data can be recorded for a non-overlapping computed tomography 3D image data record,
a reconstruction device (35) by means of which the non-overlapping computer tomography 3D image data set can be reconstructed from the raw image data, and
-control means (29) for coordinately controlling: irradiation is carried out by means of a therapeutic radiation source (23), and the non-overlapping 3D image data record of the computer tomography is recorded and reconstructed by means of the recording device and the reconstruction device (35).
2. Radiotherapy apparatus (11) according to claim 1, wherein said radiation detector (27) comprises an array having one or more detector rows for detecting X-rays arranged consecutively in a longitudinal direction of the patient.
3. Radiotherapeutic apparatus (11) according to claim 2, wherein the array comprises a plane having a length extension which is at least twice as long in a longitudinal direction as in a transverse direction.
4. Radiotherapeutic apparatus (11) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the camera is rotatably supported and can be rotated for recording the raw image data by at least 180 ° plus the fan angle of the radiation detector.
5. Radiotherapeutic apparatus (11) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (29) is configured to start the irradiation and to control the recording of the raw image data for the non-overlapping computed tomography 3D image data set such that the recording is started after the irradiation has started.
6. Radiotherapeutic apparatus (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (29) has an input (31) by means of which an external signal with a motion characteristic of the object (17) to be imaged can be input to the control device (29).
7. Radiotherapeutic apparatus (11) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (29) is configured to control the recording of the raw image data such that the raw image data is recorded only for a determined time interval in which the object (17) to be irradiated is in a determined state of motion.
8. Radiotherapy apparatus (11) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said reconstruction means (35) is configured for temporally correlating the recorded raw image data with external signals characterizing the motion of the object to be imaged (17).
9. Radiotherapeutic apparatus (11) according to claim 8, wherein the reconstruction device (35) is configured for determining a plurality of respective non-overlapping computer tomography 3D image data sets from the recorded raw image data linked to the external signal, the 3D image data sets visualizing the object to be imaged at different times.
10. Radiotherapeutic apparatus (11) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (29) is configured to compare a non-overlapping computed tomography 3D image data set recorded and reconstructed during irradiation with a previously recorded 3D image data set and to control the irradiation process in dependence on the comparison.
11. A method for recording image data in radiation therapy, comprising the steps of:
recording raw image data for a non-overlapping computer tomography 3D image data set after the start of the irradiation, and,
reconstructing the non-overlapping computer tomography 3D image data set from the raw image data before the end of the irradiation.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the raw image data are recorded by means of a computed tomography imaging apparatus comprising a radiation detector (27) comprising an array with one or more detector rows arranged in the longitudinal direction of the patient for detecting X-rays.
13. Method according to claim 12, wherein the raw image data are recorded by rotating the radiation detector (27) around the object (17) to be imaged at least by 180 ° plus the fan angle of the radiation detector.
14. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the recording of the original images and/or the reconstruction of non-overlapping computed tomography images is performed using signals characterizing the motion of the object (17) to be imaged.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the raw image data are recorded only for a determined time interval in which the object (17) to be imaged is in a determined state of motion.
16. Method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the recorded raw image data for the reconstruction are linked to the external signals, wherein in particular a plurality of respective non-overlapping 3D computed tomography image data sets are reconstructed, which 3D image data sets visualize the object (17) to be imaged at different times.
17. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the non-overlapping computer tomography 3D image data set is compared with a 3D image data set in order to control the irradiation process in particular in dependence on the comparison.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102011080371.8A DE102011080371B4 (en) | 2011-08-03 | 2011-08-03 | Radiotherapy with overlay-free 3D-CT imaging |
| DE102011080371.8 | 2011-08-03 |
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| CN111629781A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2020-09-04 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | CT imaging system and method in image-guided radiation therapy |
| CN113164758A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-07-23 | 爱可瑞公司 | Integrated helical fan beam computed tomography in image-guided radiotherapy apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP6467654B2 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2019-02-13 | 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 | Medical image processing apparatus, method, program, and radiotherapy apparatus |
| US10478138B2 (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2019-11-19 | Shenyang Neusoft Medical Systems Co., Ltd. | RT-CT integrated device |
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