CN102906387B - 配备自调节加热元件的储液池和罐 - Google Patents

配备自调节加热元件的储液池和罐 Download PDF

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CN102906387B
CN102906387B CN201080059167.5A CN201080059167A CN102906387B CN 102906387 B CN102906387 B CN 102906387B CN 201080059167 A CN201080059167 A CN 201080059167A CN 102906387 B CN102906387 B CN 102906387B
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崔在植
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Nergy Automotive Systems Research SA
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
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    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
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Abstract

一种用于在罐内存放一定量流体的储液池,所述储液池配备有用于加热所述罐的第一部分的第一电阻元件(R1)和用于加热所述罐的第二部分的第二电阻元件(R2),所述第二电阻元件的温度系数为正,其特征在于,所述储液池还包括用于加热所述罐的所述第二部分的第三电阻元件(R3),所述第二电阻元件和所述第一电阻元件形成并联电路,且所述第三电阻元件与所述并联电路串联。

Description

配备自调节加热元件的储液池和罐
本发明涉及用于在罐内存放一定数量流体的储液池,所述储液池配备有用于加热所述罐的第一部分的第一电阻元件以及用于加热所述罐的第二部分的第二电阻元件,所述第二电阻元件的温度系数为正。
申请人为Starck的美国专利申请2009/0078692A1公开了一种加热系统,该系统用于液体输送系统的加热系统,尤其用于内燃机的催化式排气净化器的尿素供应系统。根据Starck的系统包括过滤器加热器和罐加热器,这两者均为电阻式。该过滤器加热器由向罐加热器的PTC(正温度系数)元件提供电流的连接线路的加热部分形成。这种设计将过滤器加热器和罐加热器设置为两个串联的电阻元件,其中罐加热器包括用来调节流向串联电路的电流量的PTC元件。根据Starck的系统的目的在于充分地加热过滤器和罐,以确保即使在环境温度低于尿素溶液的冰点的情况下尿素溶液也呈液态,同时在达到所需温度之后避免过热和加热器不必要的功耗。已知的电路通过在与第一加热器串联布置的第二加热器中使用PTC元件来获得所需的效果,因此由于PTC的温度-电阻特性和串联电路的性质而限制了这两个加热器中的电流。
在调节罐的不同部分(比如过滤器加热器和罐加热器)中的相应功耗量方面,现有技术方案的自由度不够。
本发明通过在该设计中提供由第三电阻式加热元件所具备的额外的自由度,来克服以上问题。
因此,有利地在罐内设置用于存放一定量流体的储液池,所述储液池配备有用于加热所述罐的第一部分的第一电阻元件以及用于加热所述罐的第二部分的第二电阻元件,所述第二电阻元件的温度系数为正,其中,所述储液池还包括用于加热所述罐的所述第二部分的第三电阻元件,所述第二电阻元件和所述第一电阻元件形成并联电路,而所述第三电阻元件与所述并联电路串联。
温度系数为正的电阻式加热元件在本领域内众所周知。应理解术语“PTC材料”包括电阻率基本上随温度升高而增大的任何这样的材料。特别地,在-11℃到+50℃的温度范围上电阻率以2或2以上的倍数增大的这样的材料有利地都可应用于本发明。PTC元件可包括金属和非金属元件的组合。PTC元件还可包括半导体。
在此介绍的电路还包括如下优点:当PTC元件达到很高电阻值时,加热器也继续以电阻器的选择所确定的速率工作,而不是像现有技术方案所设想的那样基本上都关掉。
在一种实施方式中,第一电阻元件位于储液池的外部,第二电阻元件和第三电阻元件位于储液池的内部。在一种特定实施方式中,第二电阻元件位于罐的附件上。在另一特定实施方式中,该附件是泵。
在根据本发明的储液池的一种实施方式中,第二电阻元件是采用热塑材料二次成型(overmoulded)的。
根据另一方面,提供一种车用流体罐,其包括根据本发明的储液池。在一种实施方式中,所述储液池基本上处于所述车用流体罐的底部。
根据又一方面,在车用流体罐内采用电路,所述电路包含用于加热所述罐的第一部分的第一电阻元件、用于加热所述罐的第二部分的第二电阻元件和用于加热所述罐的所述第二部分的第三电阻元件,所述第二电阻元件的温度系数为正,其中,所述第二电阻元件与所述第一电阻元件并联,所述第三电阻元件与所述第二电阻元件和所述第一电阻元件串联。
在本发明用途的一种实施方式中,所述车用流体罐是用于存放尿素溶液的罐。
附图说明
下面参照附图介绍根据本发明实施方式的设备和/或方法的一些实施方式,这些实施方式仅作为举例,在附图中:
图1示出包括根据现有技术的柔性加热器的尿素储液池,其中可使用根据本发明的加热元件;
图2示出储液池的一种实施方式,其包括以本申请人的名义的同时待审专利申请的加热元件,其中可使用根据本发明的加热元件;
图3是用于根据本发明的加热元件的电路的示意图;以及
图4是图3中示出的各个加热元件的能耗图。
具体实施方式
图1示出尿素罐和储液池1,其具有根据现有技术的柔性加热装置2。当加热元件2被用于避免车用流体罐(比如用于存放减排系统中所用的尿素溶液的罐)中冻结时,有利地在储液池1内放置储存和/或注射系统的活动附件10。活动附件10可包括泵、液位计、温度传感器、质量传感器、压力传感器、压力调节器或者类似仪器。储液池1包含底板或安装板,以及任意形状的周长。通过将活动附件10放置在储液池内,只要储液池内容物达到足以确保流动性的高温度,就可以向活动附件供应所需的车用液体。例如,如果该罐被用来存放低共熔水/尿素溶液,那么储液池内容物就需要加热到-11℃,即该溶液的熔点。
图2示出根据本发明的储液池的一种实施方式。图1中示出的储液池101可以是用来加热存在于车用流体罐(比如尿素溶液罐)中的部分溶液的储液池。储液池101配备有柔性加热元件,其包括至少一个电阻丝102,该电阻丝102在电流作用下发热。有利地,电阻丝102可采用铜镍合金或不锈钢制成。
电阻丝由导向装置103引导,该导向装置103作用在沿着电阻丝的多个分离位置上,从而限定部分位于储液池内、部分位于储液池外的加热面。这样,储液池101内的物质可被加热到保证流动性的温度,从而确保有足够使用的液态物质流向可放置在储液池101内的任意活动附件,同时直接围绕储液池101的物质也已被预热,以便在必要时对储液池101内的数量进行补充。
在这种实施方式中,导向装置103是塑料条。也可采用其它导向装置,包括塑料或金属网。金属网的优点在于自支承,并且能导热。导线102本身也可采用金属网的形式。
在这种实施方式中,施加导向装置103使得获得的位于储液池外的那部分加热面基本上呈衬裙形(crinoline-shaped)。对于这种形状或者基本上呈圆形对称的其它形状,电阻丝102沿螺旋状路径弯曲,或者多段电阻丝102按基本上同心的圆状排布。
可按类似方式形成其它形状。因此,所得的表面不限于平面和平面的盘旋上升变形,而是可以呈现沿多个轴线的弯曲。所以,比如球形表面也是可能的。
用固定装置104将加热面固定在储液池101上,以确保使用过程中不移位。
图3是示出根据本发明的加热元件的不同部分的有利电气互连的示意图。电源P可以是本领域技术人员已知的任何合适的电流源。元件R1、R2和R3是下文所述的加热元件。
电阻器R1表示第一加热元件,优选地是电阻丝102的第一段,位于储液池101外部,即包含在上述加热面的第一部分当中。
元件R2是用于控制加热面的第一部分和第二部分之间的功率分配的元件。
电阻器R3表示第三加热元件,优选地是电阻丝102的另一段,位于储液池101内部,即包含在上述加热面的第二部分当中。
在一种理想化的模型中,元件R2可被看作开关,或者合作充当开关的任何合适的部件组合,其在闭合时使电阻器R1短路,从而避免对加热面的第一部分进行加热。该模型的优点包括加热元件可以分两阶段使用:第一阶段,开关R2闭合,这时只有储液池101的内部被加热,从而使得能够快速启动对加热的或液态的物质的可用性有依赖的系统;第二阶段,开关R2断开,这时储液池101外部的周边区域也被加热。
在一种实施方式中,元件R2可以是置于储液池内的正温度系数的电阻器。元件R2可被包含在如上所述的加热面的第二部分当中。这种实施方式的优点包括上述阶段在这种情况下将自动且逐步地发生。当储液池101的内部被加热时,元件R2的电阻增大,从而迫使比例增大的可用电流流经R1。元件R2的加热对应于理想化开关的逐渐断开。
在不同于上述的其它类型的加热器中,采用其中R2为正温度系数(PTC)的电阻器的图3的电路也是有利的。总的说来,电阻器R3表示位于储液池内或者关键任务附件(比如泵)上的加热元件,而电阻器R1表示位于储液池外的加热元件。
因此,有利地在罐内设置用于存放一定量流体的储液池,所述储液池配备有用于对所述罐的第一部分进行加热的第一电阻元件R1和用于对所述罐的第二部分进行加热的第二电阻元件R2,所述第二电阻元件R2的温度系数为正,其中,所述储液池还包括用于对所述罐的所述第二部分进行加热的第三电阻元件R3,所述第二电阻元件R2与所述第一电阻元件R1形成并联电路,而所述第三电阻元件R3与所述并联电路串联。
在一种示例性实施方式中,R3基本上是1Ω的电阻器,R1基本上是3Ω的电阻器,R2基本上是在初始的低温下电阻为1Ω而在随后的工作温度下电阻为3Ω的这样的PTC元件。对图示电路施加机动车中通常都可用的12V的电压源,则储液池将初始时从R3接收47.0W的功率,而从R2接收26.4W的功率,即总共73.4W。当达到工作温度时,储液池将仅从R3接收23.0W的功率,从R2接收17.3W的功率,即总共40.3W。罐的其余部分将初始从R1接收8.8W的功率,该功率在R2达到工作温度时上升至17.3W。
在另一示例性实施方式中,被设计为初始消耗约100W的总功率,R1和R3的电阻都为0.95Ω。R2被选择为使得其在初始低温下的电阻为1.0Ω,而在随后的工作温度下的电阻为2.8Ω。施加12V的电压源,则储液池将初始时从R3接收67.4W的功率,从R2接收16.8W的功率,即总共84.2W。当达到工作温度时,储液池将仅从R3接收49.9W,从R2接收9.5W,即总共59.4W。罐的其余部分将初始时从R1接收16.8W的功率,该功率在R2达到工作温度时上升至27.6W。该功率消耗演变在图4的图表中示出。该图表的横轴表示R2的电阻。因为在加热元件工作的作用下温度随时间升高,并且由于R2的温度系数为正导致R2的电阻随温度升高而增大,所以该图表的横轴也可被解读为等价于时间轴。不过,准确的时间依赖关系将取决于加热元件所处环境的热特性和取决于R2的电阻与温度的依赖关系。
在上述示例中,初始低温可以是-11℃,而随后的工作温度可介于40℃和50℃之间。根据本发明的储液池的各个加热元件所消耗的功率总量优选地根据环境条件和施行于要使用该系统的市场的监管要求来选取。
优选地,将根据本发明的储液池中的PTC元件从储液池中含有的流体屏蔽开。为此,优选地在储液池的生产过程当中或之后,采用适合的热塑材料二次成型制成PTC元件。所选择的热塑材料必须能承受加热元件工作的温度范围,优选地为介于-40℃到+50℃之间的范围。
还需要确保PTC元件与PTC元件的供电导线之间的电气绝缘且密封的连接。这种连接可采用由合适的弹性体或聚合物制成的收缩管,或者采用机械压接连接器。
有利地,根据本发明的储液池被安装在优选地位于乘用车内的罐(如车用流体罐)的内部。为了获得最佳效果,优选地将其安装在底部,或者至少安装在罐的低点,在这里大部分流体会在重力作用下自然地汇集。有利地,柔性加热元件的外面部分在储液池附近的分布方式使得能够确保预热了的流体流向储液池。
加热面的触须或者电阻丝段可延伸到罐的腔室或外围区域中,以避免这些地方长期存在冻结物质。
加热面的触须或电阻丝段还可延伸到作为进出罐的流体运输系统的一部分的管线和管道的内部或周围,以避免这些管线和管道被冻结物质堵塞。
在一种实施方式中,加热面可以折叠,优选地好像伞一样。这种实施方式的优点包括:通过将折叠形式的加热元件插入罐内和在罐内展开,加热元件可以与罐内已有的储液池相结合。
上文参照一些示例性实施方式描述了本发明。这些实施方式旨在作为示例,因此不构成对本发明的限制,本发明的范围由所附权利要求确定。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于在罐内存放一定量流体的储液池,所述储液池配备有用于加热所述罐的第一部分的第一电阻元件和用于加热所述罐的第二部分的第二电阻元件,所述第二电阻元件的温度系数为正,其特征在于,所述储液池还包括用于加热所述罐的所述第二部分的第三电阻元件,所述第二电阻元件和所述第一电阻元件形成并联电路,且所述第三电阻元件与所述并联电路串联。
2.如权利要求1所述的储液池,其中,所述第一电阻元件位于所述储液池的外部,而所述第二电阻元件和所述第三电阻元件位于所述储液池的内部。
3.如权利要求2所述的储液池,其中,所述第二电阻元件位于所述罐的附件上。
4.如权利要求3所述的储液池,其中,所述附件是泵。
5.如任一前述权利要求所述的储液池,其中,所述第二电阻元件是采用热塑材料二次成型的。
6.一种车用流体罐,包括根据任一前述权利要求所述的储液池。
7.如权利要求7所述的车用流体罐,其中,所述储液池基本上处于所述车用流体罐的底部。
8.电路在车用流体罐内的一种用途,所述电路包含用于加热所述罐的第一部分的第一电阻元件、用于加热所述罐的第二部分的第二电阻元件和用于加热所述罐的所述第二部分的第三电阻元件,所述第二电阻元件的温度系数为正,其中,所述第二电阻元件与所述第一电阻元件并联,所述第三电阻元件与所述第二电阻元件和所述第一电阻元件串联。
9.如权利要求8所述的用途,其中,所述车用流体罐是用于存放尿素溶液的罐。
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