CN102905127B - Video watermark implementation method - Google Patents
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- CN102905127B CN102905127B CN201210280987.8A CN201210280987A CN102905127B CN 102905127 B CN102905127 B CN 102905127B CN 201210280987 A CN201210280987 A CN 201210280987A CN 102905127 B CN102905127 B CN 102905127B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a video watermark implementation method by which a video watermark is invisible during playing of a video and is invisible during pausing of the video. Watermark values which are of the same bit and have opposite signs are embedded into the same airspace positions of two adjacent frames of images in video with the frame rate being more than 60Hz according to an eye vision persistance characteristic and the characteristic that the similarity of two adjacent frames of images in video is high, thereby realizing the effects that the watermark is clear during pausing of the video, the watermark is invisible during playing of the video, and the subjective quality of the video is not influenced. By the method, the watermark is still effective and clear after compression according to an H.264/advanced video coding (AVC) compression encoding standard. An extraction algorithm and extraction equipment are not needed; and the video watermark implementation method has the advantages of low overhead, simplicity in use and effectiveness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to video information process field, relate generally to video static time the implementation method of visible video watermark.
Background technology
Video watermark is the watermark be carried in digital video, is a kind of effective copyright protection of digital product and data security maintenance technology.Video watermark can be divided into two kinds of appreciable and not easily perception.Appreciable digital watermarking is generally lighter or the translucent pattern not hindering sight, is mainly used in stating the ownership to product, copyright and source then and there, plays the effect of an exploitation or constraint.Not easily the digital watermarking of perception is just as the invisible word in invisible ink technology, is hidden in digital product.At present in video watermark research, what major part was studied is not easily perception watermark, and can perception watermark not yet occur with the correlative study that not easily perception watermark combines.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above, and visible video watermark implementation method when invisible when providing a kind of video playback, video is static, the method has simply, effective advantage.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
In the same position watermark value that adjacent two position, frame identical spatial domain insertion symbols are contrary, simultaneously to the applicable requirement of video be frame per second reach 60Hz and more than.Frame of video is divided into odd-numbered frame and even frame by the method, binary watermarking is added with odd-numbered frame pixel value (or subtracting each other) according to certain ratio, subtract each other with even frame pixel value (or addition), make adjacent two frame same position pixel average equal with original video image pixel value, reach the effect of the image pixel value complementation at parity frame watermark embedment place.
This invention comprises three kinds of basic schemes: the first scheme is in brightness (Y) component of video by watermark embedment; Second and third scheme watermark is embedded into respectively in two colourity (U, V) components of video.Other scheme can be derived according to these three kinds of basic scheme combinations simultaneously.
Watermark is directly embedded in the pixel of image spatial domain by the present invention, watermark embedding method: before watermark embedment, according to carrier image position to be embedded pixel value adjustment watermark value b, according to the parity of frame of video, determines the positive and negative values of watermark value b, as formula 2; After watermark value is determined, the embedding grammar of watermark is as formula 1, and when watermark information position is 0, carrier image pixel value and the watermark value b after adjusting subtract each other; When watermark information position is 1, carrier image pixel value is added with the watermark value b after adjustment.
formula 2
Wherein, the pixel value that X (i, j) is video image,
for the pixel value after watermark embedment, W represents watermark information position.Parameter b represents the watermark value that will embed, and symbol regulates according to the parity of the frame of video that will embed, and size is determined by pixel value.α is weight, and its value is according to selected scheme and video sets itself.Round() function representation export this function input value (α * X (i, j)) round up after integer value.When frame of video is odd-numbered frame, b value is positive integer+round(); When frame of video is even frame, b value is negative integer-round().
Scheme one: by watermark embedment in frame of video Y-component.Human eye is responsive to luminance component, and in compression encoding process, quantization step is less, and the watermark value embedding Y-component is not easily excessive, and weight α value is less than 1/8.
Scheme two: by watermark embedment in the U component of frame of video.Human eye is responsive to colourity short weight, and in compressed encoding, quantization step is comparatively large, and the watermark value embedding U component should be not too small, and weight α is less than 1/6 and can meets the demands.
Scheme three: by watermark embedment in the V component of frame of video.Scheme three is similar with scheme two, and weight α chooses the scheme of can refer to two.But experiment shows, the change of V component comparatively U component is more easily discovered, and therefore watermark is more suitable for being embedded in the less region of V component pixel or frame of video.
Concrete grammar step:
1) binary bitmap is read;
2) select for by the component of watermark embedment to frame of video, obtain the frame of video of video file one by one, judge the parity of frame of video; Region to be embedded is determined according to watermarking images size;
3) according to frame of video parity adjustment watermark value symbol, the symbol of the same position watermark value that adjacent two frame same positions are embedded is contrary, the watermark value after adjustment is embedded in the pixel of frame of video component;
4) using next frame of video as current video frame, repeated execution of steps 3 is until all frame of video of video file are disposed.
Described step 2) in, select for by the component of watermark embedment to frame of video, the selection of described component can be the combination of one or more of following scheme:
A. by watermark embedment in the Y-component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/8;
B. by watermark embedment in the U component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/6;
C. by watermark embedment in the V component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/6.
The present invention utilizes the feature that in human eye vision persistence characteristic and video, adjacent two two field picture similarities are high, watermark is directly embedded in the spatial domain of video image, reach the watermark when video is static high-visible, when video playback, watermark is invisible and do not affect the effect of the subjective quality of video.Meanwhile, the present invention by regulate weight α value can after the compression through H.264/AVC compression and coding standard watermark still effective, visible.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention proposes a kind of new thought for video watermark and technology platform, have the advantage that embedding grammar is simple, effective, real-time is high, the present invention simultaneously has characteristic and the advantage of observability watermark and invisible watermark concurrently: watermark is invisible when video playback; Without the need to other operation and equipment time static, watermark can be directly perceived visible; Watermark has robustness and definition, can resist noise and compression process and through attack after still high-visible.Therefore, the present invention is without the need to watermark extraction algorithm and extraction equipment, and overhead is little.In addition, the present invention, as a kind of brand-new technology platform, is with good expansibility, and technical staff and developer according to self-demand on the basis of the technology of the present invention platform, can carry out improvements and modifications.The present invention can be applicable to: 1. copyright protection, proves having property and institute's attribute of video, is issued to the object of copyright protection in the situation not damaging former video; 2. determine the authenticity and integrity of video, watermark of the present invention is different in parity frame, and video, once suffer to take out frame (odd-numbered frame), namely simply identifies by watermark; 3. advertisement, embed that content can be the name of author, corporate logo, have the text etc. of Special Significance, be different from the video ads of existing form, advertisement is embedded in the middle of video itself by the present invention, do not need extra equipment and expense, when not changing video, ad content cannot be eliminated by the external world.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Visible video watermark overall plan flow chart when Fig. 1 video is static.
Fig. 2 be watermarked after the first two field picture.
Fig. 3 be watermarked after the second two field picture.
Fig. 4 is the first two field picture after the compression of H.264/AVC compression and coding standard.
Fig. 5 is the second two field picture after the compression of H.264/AVC compression and coding standard.
In Fig. 6, (a) and (b) is respectively watermarked rear video and the first frame U component image through H.264/AVC compressing rear video.
In Fig. 7, (a) and (b) is respectively watermarked rear video and the second frame U component image through H.264/AVC compressing rear video.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Example Choice two, namely watermarked in chroma video U component.The embodiment of watermark is as follows:
Read binary bitmap, determine picture altitude and width.
Choice two from three kinds of schemes, namely watermarked in chroma video U component.Obtain the U component of each frame of video one by one, and judge the parity of frame of video.Region to be embedded is determined according to watermarking images size.
Judge the parity of current video frame, adjust corresponding watermark value according to each pixel value of frame of video parity and region to be embedded, present frame is odd-numbered frame, and watermark is just (bearing) value; Present frame is even frame, and watermark is negative (just) value, as formula 2.According to formula 1, the watermark value b after adjustment is embedded in the pixel of U component.When adjusting pixel value it should be noted that chromaticity range is 16-240, therefore, as pixel value U (i, j) >=240-b, U (i, j)=240; As pixel value U (i, j)≤16-b, U (i, j)=16.
Using next frame of video as current video frame, repeated execution of steps 3 is until all frame of video of video file are disposed.
In order to evaluate and test the present invention watermarked after effect and compressed compression coding after the effect of watermark, we utilize the method in this example to test.The foreman sequence of experiment employing 352 × 288, watermark information for indicate " TK " two the size of letter be the binary bitmap of 80 × 46.Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 be respectively watermarked after the first frame and the second two field picture.Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is video after H.264/AVC compressed encoding compression with the first frame of watermark and the second two field picture.We utilize Y-PSNR to observe the objective quality of watermark embedment video rear video, and to this, we have made some improvements.Because the present invention utilizes the eye storage characteristic of human eye watermarked in the video of high frame per second, therefore we utilize the change of adjacent two frame pixel value differences as the factor weighing Subjective video quality, modify as follows to pixel value watermarked in Y-PSNR:
Wherein X
f(i, j) represents the pixel value at original video f frame (i, j) place, X
f+1(i, j) represents the pixel value at original video (f+1) frame (i, j) place, X '
f(i, j) represents the pixel value at watermarked rear f frame (i, j) place, X '
f+1(i, j) represents the pixel value at watermarked rear (f+1) frame (i, j) place,
represent the pixel value with f frame (i, the j) place of watermark after amendment.In this experiment, use the foreman sequence of 352 × 288, frame number is 300, and therefore f's can span be [2,300-1], and (i, j) scope is pixel value all in frame of video, 1≤i≤352,1≤j≤288.In Y-PSNR PSNR computational process, Wo Menyong
replace the frame of video that original tape has watermark.Utilize above-mentioned improvement to carry out Y-PSNR PSNR calculating respectively to 4 frames before foreman sequence and the video sequence through H.264/AVC compressing, result as table 1,
| Uncompressed video PSNR | Compression rear video PSNR | |
| First frame | PSNR=+43.74dB | PSNR=+44.80dB |
| Second frame | PSNR=+43.75dB | PSNR=+45.09dB |
| 3rd frame | PSNR=+43.77dB | PSNR=+45.25dB |
| 4th frame | PSNR=+43.81dB | PSNR=+45.36dB |
Table 1
Experimental result shows, by regulating weight α, can reach the watermark when video is static high-visible sightless well balanced with watermark during video playback.Meanwhile, video is after H.264/AVC compressed encoding compresses, and watermark still can be high-visible.
The present invention utilizes the feature that in human eye vision persistence characteristic and video, adjacent two two field picture similarities are high, 60Hz and above video are reached to frame per second, in the same position watermark value that adjacent two position, frame identical spatial domain insertion symbols are contrary, reach the watermark when video is static high-visible, when video playback, watermark is invisible and do not affect the effect of the subjective quality of video.The present invention after the compression through H.264/AVC compression and coding standard watermark still effectively, visible.
The above is only one embodiment of the present invention; the present invention is as a kind of new thought of video watermark and technology platform; its protection range be not only confined to above-described embodiment, all technical schemes belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
From above-mentioned material, tool of the present invention has the following advantages and characteristic: the present invention proposes a kind of new thought for video watermark and technology platform, have the advantage that embedding grammar is simple, effective, real-time is high, the present invention simultaneously has characteristic and the advantage of observability watermark and invisible watermark concurrently: watermark is invisible when video playback; Without the need to other operation and equipment time static, watermark can be directly perceived visible; Watermark has robustness and definition, can resist noise and compression process and through attack after still high-visible.Therefore, the present invention is without the need to watermark extraction algorithm and extraction equipment, and overhead is little.In addition, the present invention, as a kind of brand-new technology platform, is with good expansibility, and technical staff and developer according to self-demand on the basis of the technology of the present invention platform, can carry out improvements and modifications.Based on above-mentioned advantage and characteristic, the present invention can be applicable to: 1. copyright protection, proves having property and institute's attribute of video, is issued to the object of copyright protection in the situation not damaging former video; 2. determine the authenticity and integrity of video, watermark of the present invention is different in parity frame, and video, once suffer to take out frame (odd-numbered frame), namely simply identifies by watermark; 3. advertisement, embed that content can be the name of author, corporate logo, have the text etc. of Special Significance, be different from the video ads of existing form, advertisement is embedded in the middle of video itself by the present invention, do not need extra equipment and expense, when not changing video, ad content cannot be eliminated by the external world.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a video watermark implementation method, is characterized in that, in the same position watermark value that adjacent two position, frame identical spatial domain insertion symbols are contrary, simultaneously to the applicable requirement of video be frame per second reach 60Hz and more than; Frame of video is divided into odd-numbered frame and even frame by the method, binary watermarking is proportionally added with odd-numbered frame pixel value or subtracts each other, subtract each other with even frame pixel value or be added, make adjacent two frame same position pixel average equal with original video image pixel value, reach the effect of the image pixel value complementation at parity frame watermark embedment place; Watermark be directly embedded in the pixel of image spatial domain, watermark embedding method is: before watermark embedment, according to carrier image position to be embedded pixel value adjustment watermark value b, according to the parity of frame of video, determines the positive and negative values of watermark value b, as formula 2; After watermark value is determined, the embedding grammar of watermark is as formula 1, and when watermark information position is 0, carrier image pixel value and the watermark value b after adjusting subtract each other; When watermark information position is 1, carrier image pixel value is added with the watermark value b after adjustment;
formula 2
Wherein, the pixel value that X (i, j) is video image,
for the pixel value after watermark embedment, W represents watermark information position; Parameter b represents the watermark value that will embed, and symbol regulates according to the parity of the frame of video that will embed, and size is determined by pixel value; α is weight, and its value is according to selected scheme and video sets itself; Round () function representation export this function input value (α * X (i, j)) round up after integer value; When frame of video is odd-numbered frame, b value is positive integer+round (); When frame of video is even frame, b value is negative integer-round ().
2. video watermark implementation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are:
1) binary bitmap is read;
2) select for by the component of watermark embedment to frame of video, obtain the frame of video of video file one by one, judge the parity of frame of video; Region to be embedded is determined according to watermarking images size;
3) according to frame of video parity adjustment watermark value symbol, the symbol of the same position watermark value that adjacent two frame same positions are embedded is contrary, the watermark value after adjustment is embedded in the pixel of frame of video component;
4) using next frame of video as current video frame, repeated execution of steps 3) until all frame of video of video file are disposed.
3. video watermark implementation method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described step 3) in embed frame of video according to the parity adjustment watermark value symbol of frame of video detailed step comprise: present frame is odd-numbered frame, watermark be on the occasion of; Present frame is even frame, and watermark is negative value; According to formula 1, the watermark value after adjustment is directly embedded in the pixel of frame of video component.
4. video watermark implementation method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described step 3) in embed frame of video according to the parity adjustment watermark value symbol of frame of video detailed step comprise: present frame is odd-numbered frame, and watermark is negative value; Present frame is even frame, watermark be on the occasion of; According to formula 1, the watermark value after adjustment is directly embedded in the pixel of frame of video component.
5. video watermark implementation method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described step 2) in, select for by the component of watermark embedment to frame of video, the selection of described component can be the combination of one or more of following scheme:
A. by watermark embedment in the Y-component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/8;
B. by watermark embedment in the U component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/6;
C. by watermark embedment in the V component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/6.
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| BR112015031540A2 (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2017-07-25 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | hyperbranch polymers |
| CN104202501B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2017-12-22 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of method for carrying out information embarkation transmission in the picture |
| CN108055567B (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2020-11-06 | 北京密境和风科技有限公司 | Video processing method and device, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| CN108449626A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-24 | 北京视觉世界科技有限公司 | Video processing, the recognition methods of video, device, equipment and medium |
| CN109309869B (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2021-01-26 | 东方网力科技股份有限公司 | Watermark embedding method, device and storage medium |
| CN110971931A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-04-07 | 北京微播视界科技有限公司 | Video watermark adding method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN110278438A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-24 | 清华大学 | The method and device for hiding coding is embedded in video |
| TWI817551B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-10-01 | 友達光電股份有限公司 | Image encryption system and image encryption method |
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| CN1522540A (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-08-18 | Ħ��������˾ | Video/image communication with watermarking |
| CN101166260A (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2008-04-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for image coding and watermark removal |
| CN101325702A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2008-12-17 | 清华大学 | System for real time embedding visible watermark into flow medium as well as server terminal and client terminal thereof |
| CN102523440A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-27 | 浙江大学 | Blind digital watermarking encoding and decoding method capable of withstanding cropping attack for fusion vision model |
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| US8477990B2 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2013-07-02 | Digimarc Corporation | Reducing watermark perceptibility and extending detection distortion tolerances |
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| CN1522540A (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-08-18 | Ħ��������˾ | Video/image communication with watermarking |
| CN101166260A (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2008-04-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for image coding and watermark removal |
| CN101325702A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2008-12-17 | 清华大学 | System for real time embedding visible watermark into flow medium as well as server terminal and client terminal thereof |
| CN102523440A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-27 | 浙江大学 | Blind digital watermarking encoding and decoding method capable of withstanding cropping attack for fusion vision model |
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