CN102905127A - Video watermark implementation method - Google Patents
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- CN102905127A CN102905127A CN2012102809878A CN201210280987A CN102905127A CN 102905127 A CN102905127 A CN 102905127A CN 2012102809878 A CN2012102809878 A CN 2012102809878A CN 201210280987 A CN201210280987 A CN 201210280987A CN 102905127 A CN102905127 A CN 102905127A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a video watermark implementation method by which a video watermark is invisible during playing of a video and is invisible during pausing of the video. Watermark values which are of the same bit and have opposite signs are embedded into the same airspace positions of two adjacent frames of images in video with the frame rate being more than 60Hz according to an eye vision persistance characteristic and the characteristic that the similarity of two adjacent frames of images in video is high, thereby realizing the effects that the watermark is clear during pausing of the video, the watermark is invisible during playing of the video, and the subjective quality of the video is not influenced. By the method, the watermark is still effective and clear after compression according to an H.264/advanced video coding (AVC) compression encoding standard. An extraction algorithm and extraction equipment are not needed; and the video watermark implementation method has the advantages of low overhead, simplicity in use and effectiveness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the video information process field, relate generally to the implementation method of the visible video watermark of video when static.
Background technology
Video watermark is the watermark that is carried on the digital video, is a kind of effective copyright protection of digital product and data security maintenance technology.Video watermark can be divided into appreciable and be difficult for two kinds of perception.Appreciable digital watermarking is generally lighter or the translucent pattern that does not hinder sight, is mainly used in stating ownership, copyright and source to product then and there, plays the effect of an exploitation or constraint.Be difficult for the digital watermarking of perception just as the invisible literal in the invisible ink technology, be hidden in the digital product.At present aspect video watermark research, most of research be to be difficult for the perception watermark, but and with the perception watermark be difficult for the correlative study that the perception watermark combines and not yet occur.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above, and invisible when a kind of video playback is provided, visible video watermark implementation method when video is static, the method have simply, effective advantage.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
In the opposite same position watermark value of position, the identical spatial domain of adjacent two frames insertion symbol, simultaneously to the applicable requirement of video be frame per second reach 60Hz and more than.The method is divided into odd-numbered frame and even frame with frame of video, with binary watermarking according to certain ratio and odd-numbered frame pixel value addition (or subtracting each other), subtract each other (or addition) with the even frame pixel value, adjacent two frame same position pixel average are equated with the original video image pixel value, reach the effect of the image pixel value complementation of parity frame watermark embedding place.
This invention comprises three kinds of basic schemes: the first scheme is that watermark is embedded in brightness (Y) component of video; Second and third scheme is that watermark is embedded into respectively in two colourities (U, V) component of video.Can derive other scheme according to these three kinds of basic scheme combinations simultaneously.
The present invention is directly embedded into watermark in the pixel of image spatial domain, watermark embedding method: before watermark embeds, adjust watermark value b according to carrier image position to be embedded pixel value, according to the parity of frame of video, determine the positive negative value of watermark value b, such as formula 2; After watermark value is determined, the embedding grammar of watermark such as formula 1, when the watermark information position was 0, the watermark value b after carrier image pixel value and the adjustment subtracted each other; When the watermark information position is 1, the watermark value b addition after carrier image pixel value and the adjustment.
Wherein, X (i, j) is the pixel value of video image,
Be the pixel value after the watermark embedding, W represents the watermark information position.The watermark value that parameter b indicates to embed, symbol is regulated according to the parity of the frame of video that will embed, and size is determined by pixel value.α is weight, and its value sets up on their own according to selected scheme and video.Round() function representation is exported the integer value after this function input value (α * X (i, j)) rounds up.When frame of video was odd-numbered frame, the b value was positive integer+round(); When frame of video was even frame, the b value was negative integer-round().
Scheme one: watermark is embedded in the frame of video Y component.Human eye is responsive to luminance component, and quantization step is less in the compression encoding process, and the watermark value of embedding Y component is difficult for excessive, and weight α value is less than 1/8.
Scheme two: watermark is embedded in the U component of frame of video.Human eye is responsive to the colourity short weight, and quantization step is larger in the compressed encoding, and the watermark value that embeds the U component should be not too small, and weight α can meet the demands less than 1/6.
Scheme three: watermark is embedded in the V component of frame of video.Scheme three is similar with scheme two, and choosing of weight α can be with reference to scheme two.Show but test, the change of V component is discovered than the U component is easier, so watermark is more suitable for being embedded in V component pixel the value less zone or frame of video.
The concrete grammar step:
1) reads binary bitmap;
2) the selection wish is embedded into watermark the component of frame of video, obtains one by one the frame of video of video file, judges the parity of frame of video; Determine zone to be embedded according to the watermarking images size;
3) adjust the watermark value symbol according to the frame of video parity, make the opposite in sign of the same position watermark value of adjacent two frame same positions embedding, the watermark value after adjusting is embedded in the pixel of frame of video component;
4) with next frame of video as current video frame, repeated execution of steps 3 until all frame of video of video file be disposed.
Described step 2) in, select wish watermark to be embedded into the component of frame of video, the selection of described component can be one or more combination of following scheme:
A. watermark is embedded in the Y component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/8;
B. watermark is embedded in the U component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/6;
C. watermark is embedded in the V component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/6.
The present invention utilizes the high characteristics of adjacent two two field picture similarities in human eye vision persistence characteristic and the video, watermark is directly embedded in the spatial domain of video image, reach when video is static watermark high-visible, watermark is invisible and do not affect the effect of the subjective quality of video when video playback.Simultaneously, the present invention can be still effective, as seen in watermark after the compression of compression and coding standard H.264/AVC by regulating weight α value.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention proposes a kind of new thought and technology platform for video watermark, have advantages of that embedding grammar is simple, effective, real-time is high, simultaneously the present invention has characteristic and the advantage of observability watermark and invisible watermark concurrently: watermark is invisible when video playback; Need not other operations and equipment when static, watermark can be intuitively as seen; Watermark has robustness and definition, can resist noise and compression processing and still high-visible after attacking.Therefore, the present invention need not watermark extracting algorithm and extraction equipment, and overhead is little.In addition, the present invention is with good expansibility as a kind of brand-new technology platform, and technical staff and developer can according to self-demand on the basis of the technology of the present invention platform, carry out improvements and modifications.The present invention can be applicable to: 1. copyright protection, prove having property and institute's attribute of video, and be issued to the purpose of copyright protection in the situation of not damaging former video; 2. determine the authenticity and integrity of video, watermark of the present invention is different in parity frame, and in a single day video is taken out frame (odd-numbered frame), can simply identify by watermark; 3. advertisement, embed content and can be the author name, corporate logo, the text of Special Significance etc. is arranged, the video ads that is different from existing form, the present invention is embedded in advertisement in the middle of the video itself, do not need extra equipment and expense, can't eliminate ad content in the situation that do not change the video external world.
Description of drawings
Visible video watermark overall plan flow chart when Fig. 1 video is static.
Fig. 2 is the first two field picture after watermarked.
Fig. 3 is the second two field picture after watermarked.
Fig. 4 is the first two field picture after H.264/AVC compression and coding standard compresses.
Fig. 5 is the second two field picture after H.264/AVC compression and coding standard compresses.
Among Fig. 6 (a) and (b) be respectively watermarked rear video and through H.264/AVC compressing the first frame U component image of rear video.
Among Fig. 7 (a) and (b) be respectively watermarked rear video and through H.264/AVC compressing the second frame U component image of rear video.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Example Choice two, namely watermarked in the chroma video U component.The embodiment of watermark is as follows:
Read binary bitmap, determine picture altitude and width.
Choice two from three kinds of schemes, namely watermarked in the chroma video U component.Obtain one by one the U component of each frame of video, and judge the parity of frame of video.Determine zone to be embedded according to the watermarking images size.
Judge the parity of current video frame, adjust corresponding watermark value according to each pixel value of frame of video parity and zone to be embedded, present frame is odd-numbered frame, and watermark is for just (bearing) value; Present frame is even frame, and watermark is for negative (just) value, such as formula 2.Watermark value b after will adjusting according to formula 1 embeds in the pixel of U component.When adjusting pixel value, be noted that chromaticity range is 16-240, therefore, when pixel value U (i, j) 〉=240-b, U (i, j)=240; When pixel value U (i, j)≤16-b, U (i, j)=16.
With next frame of video as current video frame, repeated execution of steps 3 until all frame of video of video file be disposed.
For evaluate and test the present invention after watermarked effect and compressed compression coding after the effect of watermark, we utilize the method in this example to test.352 * 288 foreman sequence is adopted in experiment, and watermark information is 80 * 46 binary bitmap for the size that indicates " TK " two letters.Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively the first frame and the second two field picture after watermarked.Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are video the first frame and second two field picture with watermark after H.264/AVC compressed encoding compresses.We utilize Y-PSNR to observe the objective quality that watermark embeds the video rear video, and to this, we have made some improvements.Because the present invention utilizes the eye storage characteristic of human eye watermarked in the video of high frame per second, therefore we utilize the variation of adjacent two frame pixel value differences as the factor of measurement Subjective video quality, make amendment as follows to pixel value watermarked in the Y-PSNR:
X wherein
fThe pixel value that (i, j) expression original video f frame (i, j) is located, X
F+1The pixel value that (i, j) expression original video (f+1) frame (i, j) is located, X '
fThe pixel value that f frame (i, j) was located after (i, j) expression was watermarked, X '
F+1The pixel value that (f+1) frame (i, j) was located after (i, j) expression was watermarked,
The pixel value that expression is located with the f frame (i, j) of watermark after revising.In this experiment, use 352 * 288 foreman sequence, frame number is 300, but so the span of f be [2,300-1], (i, j) scope is pixel value all in the frame of video, 1≤i≤352,1≤j≤288.In Y-PSNR PSNR computational process, we use
Replace former frame of video with watermark.4 frames carry out respectively Y-PSNR PSNR calculating before utilizing above-mentioned improvement to foreman sequence and the video sequence through H.264/AVC compressing, result such as table 1,
| Uncompressed video PSNR | Compression rear video PSNR | |
| The first frame | PSNR=+43.74dB | PSNR=+44.80dB |
| The second frame | PSNR=+43.75dB | PSNR=+45.09dB |
| The 3rd frame | PSNR=+43.77dB | PSNR=+45.25dB |
| The 4th frame | PSNR=+43.81dB | PSNR=+45.36dB |
Table 1
Experimental result shows, by regulating weight α, can reach when video is static watermark high-visible during with video playback watermark sightless well balanced.Simultaneously, video is after H.264/AVC compressed encoding compresses, and watermark still can be high-visible.
The present invention utilizes the high characteristics of adjacent two two field picture similarities in human eye vision persistence characteristic and the video, frame per second is reached 60Hz and above video, in the opposite same position watermark value of position, the identical spatial domain of adjacent two frames insertion symbol, reach when video is static watermark high-visible, watermark is invisible and do not affect the effect of the subjective quality of video when video playback.The present invention in watermark after the compression of compression and coding standard H.264/AVC still effectively, as seen.
The above only is one embodiment of the present invention; the present invention is as a kind of new thought and the technology platform of video watermark; its protection range also not only is confined to above-described embodiment, and all technical schemes that belongs under the thinking of the present invention all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, in the some improvements and modifications that do not break away under the principle of the invention prerequisite, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
By above-mentioned material as can be known, the present invention has following advantage and characteristic: the present invention proposes a kind of new thought and technology platform for video watermark, have advantages of that embedding grammar is simple, effective, real-time is high, simultaneously the present invention has characteristic and the advantage of observability watermark and invisible watermark concurrently: watermark is invisible when video playback; Need not other operations and equipment when static, watermark can be intuitively as seen; Watermark has robustness and definition, can resist noise and compression processing and still high-visible after attacking.Therefore, the present invention need not watermark extracting algorithm and extraction equipment, and overhead is little.In addition, the present invention is with good expansibility as a kind of brand-new technology platform, and technical staff and developer can according to self-demand on the basis of the technology of the present invention platform, carry out improvements and modifications.Based on above-mentioned advantage and characteristic, the present invention can be applicable to: 1. copyright protection, prove having property and institute's attribute of video, and be issued to the purpose of copyright protection in the situation of not damaging former video; 2. determine the authenticity and integrity of video, watermark of the present invention is different in parity frame, and in a single day video is taken out frame (odd-numbered frame), can simply identify by watermark; 3. advertisement, embed content and can be the author name, corporate logo, the text of Special Significance etc. is arranged, the video ads that is different from existing form, the present invention is embedded in advertisement in the middle of the video itself, do not need extra equipment and expense, can't eliminate ad content in the situation that do not change the video external world.
Although above-mentionedly by reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but be not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a video watermark implementation method is characterized in that, in the opposite same position watermark value of position, the identical spatial domain of adjacent two frames insertion symbol, simultaneously to the applicable requirement of video be frame per second reach 60Hz and more than; The method is divided into odd-numbered frame and even frame with frame of video, with binary watermarking proportionally with the addition of odd-numbered frame pixel value or subtract each other, subtract each other or addition with the even frame pixel value, adjacent two frame same position pixel average are equated with the original video image pixel value, reach the effect of the image pixel value complementation of parity frame watermark embedding place.
2. video watermark implementation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, watermark is directly embedded in the pixel of image spatial domain, watermark embedding method is: before watermark embeds, adjust watermark value b according to carrier image position to be embedded pixel value, according to the parity of frame of video, determine the positive negative value of watermark value b, such as formula 2; After watermark value is determined, the embedding grammar of watermark such as formula 1, when the watermark information position was 0, the watermark value b after carrier image pixel value and the adjustment subtracted each other; When the watermark information position is 1, the watermark value b addition after carrier image pixel value and the adjustment;
Wherein, X (i, j) is the pixel value of video image,
Be the pixel value after the watermark embedding, W represents the watermark information position; The watermark value that parameter b indicates to embed, symbol is regulated according to the parity of the frame of video that will embed, and size is determined by pixel value; α is weight, and its value sets up on their own according to selected scheme and video; Round() function representation is exported the integer value after this function input value (α * X (i, j)) rounds up; When frame of video was odd-numbered frame, the b value was positive integer+round(); When frame of video was even frame, the b value was negative integer-round().
3. video watermark implementation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, concrete steps are:
1) reads binary bitmap;
2) the selection wish is embedded into watermark the component of frame of video, obtains one by one the frame of video of video file, judges the parity of frame of video; Determine zone to be embedded according to the watermarking images size;
3) adjust the watermark value symbol according to the frame of video parity, make the opposite in sign of the same position watermark value of adjacent two frame same positions embedding, the watermark value after adjusting is embedded in the pixel of frame of video component;
4) with next frame of video as current video frame, repeated execution of steps 3 until all frame of video of video file be disposed.
4. video watermark implementation method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described step 3) in adjust the detailed step that the watermark value symbol embeds frame of video according to the parity of frame of video and comprise: present frame is odd-numbered frame, watermark be on the occasion of; Present frame is even frame, and watermark is negative value; Watermark value after will adjusting according to formula 1 directly embeds in the pixel of frame of video component.
5. video watermark implementation method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described step 3) in adjust the detailed step that the watermark value symbol embeds frame of video according to the parity of frame of video and comprise: present frame is odd-numbered frame, and watermark is negative value; Present frame is even frame, watermark be on the occasion of; Watermark value after will adjusting according to formula 1 directly embeds in the pixel of frame of video component.
6. described video watermark implementation method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described step 2) in, select wish watermark to be embedded into the component of frame of video, the selection of described component can be one or more combination of following scheme:
A. watermark is embedded in the Y component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/8;
B. watermark is embedded in the U component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/6;
C. watermark is embedded in the V component of frame of video, weight α is less than 1/6.
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