CN102905086A - A CCD photoreceptor for panoramic shooting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) photoreceptor for panorama shooting. The CCD photoreceptor comprises a chip and is characterized in that the chip is of an optical disc type wafer, the center part of the wafer is of a small circle, a plurality of concentric-circle annular straps are equidistantly distributed from the circumference of the small circle to the periphery of the wafer, photosensitive pixels of the same number are laid on each annular strap, all the pixels are of a trapezoid, of which both the upper edge and the lower edge are circular arcs, and the trapezoidal pixels are all located in the same central angle theta relative to the center of the circle.

Description

A CCD photoreceptor for panoramic shooting

technical field

The invention relates to an optical disc type CCD device for panoramic image shooting.

Background technique

In a 360° panorama shooting (photography/photography) device in the horizontal direction, the captured image is a circular ring based on polar coordinates. On conventional picture and video display devices, the above-mentioned panoramic images need to be converted into rectangles with rectangular coordinates before they can be played. The general method is to use software to perform coordinate conversion, but the conversion process is time-consuming.

Charge-coupled device English is Charge-coupled Device, generally known as CCD image sensor. CCD is a semiconductor device in a shooting device that converts optical images into digital signals. There are many neatly arranged micro-capacitors on the CCD, which can sense light and convert the image into a digital signal for storage and output. Each photosensitive substance on the CCD is called a pixel. The more pixels it contains, the higher the image resolution it provides. In a general CCD chip, each pixel is equal in size, and many pixels are arranged vertically and horizontally as a rectangular photosensitive surface.

When the shooting device captures light from all directions at the same time (panoramic shooting) to form a horizontal 360° panorama image (still photo or dynamic video), the panorama image is a circular ring based on polar coordinates, and image storage must be converted through coordinates to form a convenient View the Cartesian coordinates of the rectangular image. The conversion formula is as follows:

x _i =y _o cos(2πx _o )

y _i =y _o sin(2πx _o )

Among them, (x _o , y _o ) is a point in the Cartesian coordinate system, and ( _xi , y _i ) is a point in the polar coordinate system. The transformation process is that, for each point (x _o , y _o ) in the output rectangular coordinate system, the corresponding point ( _xi , y _i ) in the input polar coordinate system is found through the above formula. The above methods need to consume hardware and a certain amount of computing time.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of CCD image sensor that does not need to carry out polar coordinate and rectangular coordinate transformation,

To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by taking the following technical solutions:

A CCD photoreceptor for panoramic shooting, including a chip, characterized in that the chip is a disc-like disc, the center of the disc is a small circle, and a plurality of concentric discs are equally spaced from the periphery of the small circle to the outer periphery of the disc. The annular belts are equipped with the same number of photosensitive pixels on each annular belt, and all the photosensitive pixels are in the shape of a trapezoid whose upper and lower sides are arcs, and these trapezoidal photosensitive pixels are within the same central angle θ relative to the center of the circle.

In the above solution, no photosensitive pixels are laid on the small circle. The pitch of the concentric rings is (R-r)/H, where R is the radius of the disc, r is the radius of the small circle, and H is the number of horizontal pixels; the central angle is V/2π, where V is the number of vertical pixels number.

Compared with the existing rectangular photosensitive surface chip CCD, the invention has the advantage of being used for panorama shooting without the conversion from polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates, saving time and cost. In the later stage, the panoramic image can be played on the circular screen by using the same reflective surface as the panoramic shooting device through the ordinary projector, through the opposite process of optics, or it can be directly played on the ordinary screen as an unfolded Cartesian coordinate image.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a panoramic shooting device using the CCD in FIG. 1 .

Detailed ways

With reference to Fig. 1, CCD photoreceptor of the present invention comprises chip, and this chip is an optical disk type disc, and disc central part is a small circle 13, and the periphery of small circle 13 is densely distributed a plurality of concentric ring bands 11 equidistantly to the disc periphery. , the same number of photosensitive pixels are laid on each ring, the pixel 12 on the first concentric ring outside the small circle has the highest density and the smallest pixel size, and the pixel 12 on the first concentric ring inward from the outer circumference of the disc Pixel 10 has the smallest density and the largest pixel size. All the pixels are trapezoids whose upper and lower sides are circular arcs, and these trapezoidal pixels are all within the same central angle θ with respect to the center of the circle. Since there is no imaging on the small circle 13 close to the center of the circle, photosensitive pixels may not be laid here. The area of the small circle that does not image is related to the panoramic camera used. In order not to affect the imaging, the non-photosensitive pixel part should be set as small as possible.

Generally speaking, to produce a panorama photo with H pixels in the horizontal direction and V pixels in the vertical direction, the distance between the concentric rings is (R-r)/H, where R is the radius of the disc, r is the radius of the small circle, and H is the number of horizontal pixels (the range is generally 500-1200); the central angle θ is V/2π, where V is the number of vertical pixels (the range is generally 400-1000). For example, to generate a panorama photo with 1200 pixels horizontally and 800 pixels vertically, it needs to contain 800 pixels in the radial direction and 1200 pixels in the circumferential direction. That is, on the chip in Fig. 1 of the present invention, the number of concentric rings 11 should be 800, and the spacing of the rings is (R-r)/800 (R is the radius of the disc, and r is the radius of the small circle); among 1200 pixels in the circumferential direction , each pixel is on the same central angle 1200/2π relative to the center of the circle.

Since the working principle of the CCD device is to utilize the metal-oxide-silicon (MOS) capacitive effect, its work process is mainly the generation, storage, transfer and detection of signal charges, so the preparation of the optical disc type CCD chip of the present invention can be carried out according to the traditional rectangular photosensitive surface. The standard manufacturing process of CCD is carried out, including oxidation, photolithography, ion implantation and so on.

Referring to FIG. 2, the CCD device of the chip with the structure shown in FIG. 1 of the present invention is used in a panoramic shooting device without the calculation process of coordinate transformation. The panoramic shooting device includes a camera body 9 and a reflective surface 1. The reflective surface is made of a parabolic curved surface with high reflectivity, which can reflect and concentrate 360° light around it to a focal point other than its apex. The apex of the parabolic reflector is connected to the fixed support 2 , and the other end of the fixed support is connected to the center of the upper end surface of the camera body 9 . The upper end surface is a transparent lens 3 . In the body of the camera, there are sequentially arranged from top to bottom: a shutter 4, a lens 5, a CCD photoreceptor 6 in FIG. 1, and a memory 7. The light from the parabolic reflective surface passes through the transparent lens, the shutter (the shutter is used when taking pictures, and the shutter is fully open when taking pictures), and the lens, and is imaged on the CCD (at the focal point other than the apex of the reflective surface), and the obtained image information is based on polar coordinates. The ring-shaped panoramic image can be directly stored in the memory without coordinate conversion. It can be played on the ring screen by using the same reflective surface 1 as the panoramic shooting device through an ordinary projector through the opposite process of optics. It can be directly played on a common screen as an expanded Cartesian image. In order to stabilize the image when taking pictures (video recording), a tripod hole 8 is set below the camera body, which can be connected to a standard tripod.

Claims (3)

1. CCD photoreceptor that is used for pan-shot, comprise chip, it is characterized in that, this chip is the disk of an optical disk type, the disk core is a roundlet, and the roundlet periphery is laid with the equal number photosensitive pixel to the equidistant a plurality of concentric circles endless belt that distribute of disk periphery on each endless belt, all photosensitive pixels are presented bottom and are the trapezoidal of circular arc, these trapezoidal photosensitive pixels with respect to the center of circle all within same central angle θ.

2. the CCD photoreceptor for pan-shot as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described donut band spacing is (R-r)/H, and wherein R is wafer radius, and r is little radius of circle, and H is the pixels across number; Described central angle θ is V/2 π, and wherein V is vertical number of pixels.

3. the CCD photoreceptor for pan-shot as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, does not lay photosensitive pixel on the roundlet of described disk.

Images