CN102900562A - Organic Rankine cycle system for recycling engine exhaust waste heat and changing heat change area of evaporator - Google Patents
Organic Rankine cycle system for recycling engine exhaust waste heat and changing heat change area of evaporator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102900562A CN102900562A CN201210371590XA CN201210371590A CN102900562A CN 102900562 A CN102900562 A CN 102900562A CN 201210371590X A CN201210371590X A CN 201210371590XA CN 201210371590 A CN201210371590 A CN 201210371590A CN 102900562 A CN102900562 A CN 102900562A
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Abstract
The invention relates to an organic Rankine cycle system for recycling engine exhaust waste heat and changing a heat change area of an evaporator and belongs to the technical field of waste heat recycling. Rankine cycle of an organic working medium is adopted to absorb waste heat carried by exhaust, an expansion machine is adopted to convert enthalpy change in the expansion process of the high-enthalpy working medium into useful work to be output, a generator is driven to generate electricity, and a control system is utilized to achieve maximization of exhaust waste heat utilization of the engine under different working conditions. The organic Rankine cycle system reduces the heat dissipation quantity from the engine to the atmospheric environment and slows down the influence of the greenhouse effect, lowers temperature of tail gas of the engine, improves comfort of the urban environment, and can be applied to various vehicle engines, in particular to vehicle gasoline engines.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the heat recovery technology field, relate to the engine exhaust heat that becomes evaporator area and reclaim organic rankine cycle system.The waste heat that exhaust was carried when this system's utilization adopted the Rankine cycle of organic working medium to absorb engine operation utilizes control system according to the heat exchange area size of the different corresponding change vaporizer of engine operating condition and the flow of organic Rankine circulation loop working medium.
Background technique
The heat energy that the fuel combustion of current vehicular engine produces only has sub-fraction to be converted into useful work output, also has convection current and the heat loss through radiation of exhaust, cooling system and the engine body of nearly 2/3rds the launched machine of heat energy to consume in vain.If this energy of partly wasting can be utilized effectively, can improve on the one hand the overall thermal efficiency of motor fuel, save energy-output ratio, on the other hand, to the heat radiation of environment, improve environmental quality, the trend of slowing global warming in the time of can reducing the motor acting.
Utilize at present the method for the discarded waste heat of motor to mainly contain: to utilize the waste heat heating, utilize the thermo-electric generation of high exhaust temperatures, utilize the adsorption type heat pump refrigeration of waste heat and utilize organic Rankine circulating generation or the output useful work of waste heat.Utilize the waste heat heating can utilize preferably the waste heat of motor in the winter time, but when do not need to warm oneself other season, can't take full advantage of the waste heat of motor.Utilize the thermo-electric generation technology to be subject to the low restriction of conversion efficiency, also can't realize practical application at present.Often volume is too large to utilize the adsorption type heat pump refrigeration plant, and efficient is not high, also is not suitable for vehicular engine and uses.Utilizing the heat recovery technology of organic Rankine circulation is the highest in current efficient, adopt organic rankine cycle system at present also in conceptual phase, current pattern considers seldom that all vehicular engine working excursion is wide, the dynamic duty process duration is long, the unsettled characteristics of waste heat heat, can realize the maximum using of engine exhaust heat at some operating points, but then be difficult to accomplish at other operating point.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose to become the engine exhaust heat recovery organic rankine cycle system of evaporator area.Exhaust heat can change large unsettled characteristics when working for vehicular engine, utilize switching control pilot to regulate the heat exchange area of vaporizer, utilize simultaneously the working medium pump regulating electric machine to regulate the flow of organic working medium, when guaranteeing in the motor dynamic duty process because of the exhaust heat wide variation in the organic Rankine circulation loop organic working medium can fully absorb the waste heat energy of engine exhaust, reduce as far as possible the exhaust temperature value of engine exhaust pipe outlet, make simultaneously the organic Rankine circulation can export maximum useful work.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical solution:
The waste heat that exhaust is carried when utilizing the Rankine cycle of adopting organic working medium to absorb engine operation, utilize decompressor that the enthalpy change in the high enthalpy working medium inflation process is converted to useful work output, the generating of drive generator utilizes control system to realize the maximization that exhaust heat utilizes under the Under Different Work Condition of Engine.
The engine exhaust heat of change evaporator area of the present invention reclaims organic rankine cycle system, comprises organic Rankine cycle loop and control access.The parts that the above-mentioned organic Rankine circulation loop of changing for the waste heat hot merit of motor comprises have: working medium pump, organic Rankine circulation loop pressure regulator valve, organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine, vaporizer, switching control pilot, decompressor, generator, condenser, condenser fan, condenser fan regulating electric machine, exhaust normal open switch valve, exhaust normally closed switch valve and the pipeline that connects them.
The above-mentioned parts that comprise for the control access of control have: control unit, engine rotation speed sensor, throttle position switch, atmospheric temperature sensor, switch starter, exhaust exhaust gas temperature sensor, organic working medium superheat temperature sensor, organic working medium condensing temperature sensor, organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine, condenser fan regulating electric machine, switching control pilot, exhaust normal open switch valve, exhaust normally closed switch valve and the wire harness that connects these parts.
The annexation of each parts of organic Rankine circulation loop is: organic Rankine circulation loop working medium pump, vaporizer, decompressor, condenser is connected to form circulation loop by pipeline, organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine links to each other with organic Rankine circulation loop working medium pump and drives its running, control the flow of organic working medium by the regulating electric machine rotating speed, organic Rankine circulation loop pressure regulator valve is in parallel with organic Rankine circulation loop working medium pump, in order to limit high evaporation pressure, switching control pilot is serially connected on the pipeline between the vaporizer and on the pipeline between vaporizer and the decompressor, in order to regulate the vaporizer heat exchange area, the output shaft of decompressor links to each other with the input shaft of generator, the generating of drive generator, condenser fan is installed in the dead ahead of condenser, driven by the condenser fan regulating electric machine coaxial with it, regulate condenser fan speed by the regulating electric machine rotating speed, thereby the cool air flow of condenser is flow through in control, regulates the organic working medium condensing temperature with this.
The exhaust side of three vaporizers links to each other successively by pipeline, flows through successively this three vaporizers from the high-temperature exhaust air of the relief opening of engine turbine, becomes afterwards low temperature waste gas and enters in the atmosphere environment; Exhaust normal open switch valve is serially connected on the pipeline between vaporizer and the turbine, the bypass outlet pipe serial connection exhaust normally closed switch valve on the pipeline before the entrance of exhaust normal open switch valve.
The annexation that is used for each parts of control access of control organic Rankine circulation loop operation is: engine rotation speed sensor, throttle position switch, the atmospheric temperature sensor, switch starter, the exhaust exhaust gas temperature sensor, organic working medium superheat temperature sensor, organic working medium condensing temperature sensor, organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine, the condenser fan regulating electric machine, switching control pilot, exhaust normal open switch valve, exhaust normally closed switch valve links to each other by wire harness with control unit respectively, exhaust exhaust temperature installation of sensors is on vaporizer and connecting tube that atmosphere environment communicates, organic working medium superheat temperature installation of sensors is on the pipeline of decompressor inlet side, organic working medium condensing temperature installation of sensors is on the pipeline of condensator outlet side, and switching control pilot is serially connected on pipeline between the vaporizer and vaporizer and the pipeline that decompressor links to each other.
Control unit in the above-mentioned control access contains power circuit, master singlechip circuit, simulated measurement input circuit, digital input circuit, reset circuit, clock circuit, motor-drive circuit, switch driving circuit and communicating circuit.Simulated measurement input circuit carries out signal condition to the analog amount of throttle position switch, exhaust exhaust gas temperature sensor, organic working medium superheat temperature sensor, organic working medium condensing temperature sensor and the output of atmospheric temperature sensor; Digital input circuit carries out signal condition to the digital quantity of engine rotation speed sensor and switch starter output; The analog acquisition port of the single-chip microcomputer in the output terminal of simulated measurement input circuit and the master singlechip circuit is connected; The digital IO port of the single-chip microcomputer in digital input circuit output terminal and the master singlechip circuit is connected; The input end of described motor-drive circuit links to each other with the output terminal of master singlechip circuit, the signal of the programmed acquisition input in the single-chip microcomputer, and carry out digital filtering and process, calculate the value that drives signal, export control signal to motor-drive circuit from pulse duration modulation (PWM) port of single-chip microcomputer; The output terminal of motor-drive circuit is connected with the condenser fan regulating electric machine with organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine respectively; The input end of described switch driving circuit links to each other with the output terminal of master singlechip circuit, program in the single-chip microcomputer is exported control signal to switch driving circuit from the digital output port of single-chip microcomputer, and the output terminal of switch driving circuit is connected with exhaust normal open switch valve, exhaust normally closed switch valve and a switching control pilot of being connected respectively; The CAN interface of the single-chip microcomputer in described communicating circuit one end and the master singlechip circuit links to each other, the other end links to each other with the CAN bus communication port of computer or other ECU (Electrical Control Unit), realize with the monitoring communication of computer and with the data communication facility of other ECU (Electrical Control Unit).
The engine exhaust heat that becomes evaporator area reclaims the organic rankine cycle system controlling method, comprise: the signal that gathers engine rotation speed sensor and throttle position switch, judge the size of engine output with this, when engine output is lower than three of rated power/for the moment, each switching control pilot of program control, make first evaporator operation absorb the waste heat of engine exhaust, other two vaporizers cut out, program is according to the engine rotation speed sensor that gathers and the signal value of throttle position switch, look into the feedforward control value that 2 dimension MAP figure obtain driving the pwm signal dutycycle of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine, export simultaneously the exhaust temperature value of exhaust gas temperature sensor according to the engine exhaust pipe that gathers, adopt the closed loop proportional integral controller to calculate the feedback control value of the pwm signal dutycycle of driving organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine, export to the motor-drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine after the stack, the Proportional coefficient K of proportional plus integral controller
P_AWith integral coefficient K
I_AAdjusted by concrete test and to obtain;
When engine output be higher than three of rated power/in the lump less than rated power 2/3rds the time, the corresponding switching control pilot of program control utilizes first vaporizer and second vaporizer to absorb the waste heat of engine exhaust, this moment, program was according to the engine rotation speed sensor that gathers and the signal value of throttle position switch, look into the feedforward control value that 2 dimension MAP figure obtain driving the pwm signal dutycycle of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine, export simultaneously the exhaust temperature value of exhaust gas temperature sensor according to the engine exhaust pipe that gathers, adopt the closed loop proportional integral controller to calculate the feedback control value of the pwm signal dutycycle of driving organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine, export to the motor-drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine after the stack, the Proportional coefficient K of proportional plus integral controller
P_BWith integral coefficient K
I_BAdjusted by concrete test and to obtain;
When engine output be higher than rated power 2/3rds the time, the corresponding switching control pilot of program control, utilize simultaneously first vaporizer, second vaporizer and the 3rd vaporizer absorb the waste heat of engine exhaust, this moment, program was according to the engine rotation speed sensor that gathers and the signal value of throttle position switch, look into the feedforward control value that 2 dimension MAP figure obtain driving the pwm signal dutycycle of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine, export simultaneously the exhaust temperature value of exhaust gas temperature sensor according to the engine exhaust pipe that gathers, adopt the closed loop proportional integral controller to calculate the feedback control value of the pwm signal dutycycle of driving organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine, export to the motor-drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine after the stack, the Proportional coefficient K of proportional plus integral controller
P_CWith integral coefficient K
I_CAdjusted by concrete test and to obtain;
Gathering the atmospheric temperature sensor signal is input parameter, calculate organic Rankine circulation loop target condensing temperature, and with the condensing temperature actual value that gathers from the condensing temperature sensor relatively, the adoption rate integral controller calculates the pwm signal dutyfactor value that drives the condenser fan regulating electric machine, regulating electric machine drive circuit.
When normal operation, program control exhaust normal open switch valve is opened, exhaust normally closed switch valve cuts out, when appearance is unusual in each sensor signal that gathers, program control exhaust normal open switch valve cuts out, exhaust normally closed switch valve is opened, and closes simultaneously whole afterheat generating system, and sends alarm signal by PORT COM.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1. when working for vehicular engine, the working conditions change scope is large, the very large characteristics of waste heat energy size differences that exhaust is carried, control system is according to the size of the corresponding adjusting vaporizer of the different operating modes heat exchange area of motor, and the method that adopts feedforward plus feedback control regulates the working state of organic Rankine circulation loop and the exhaust temperature of engine exhaust pipe outlet, be implemented under the various operating modes of motor engine exhaust heat can take full advantage of; Owing to utilize cogeneration, improve the useful work output of motor, in same power stage situation, the consumption rate of having saved fuel oil.
2. adopt a plurality of evaporator series, and the method for utilizing switching control pilot to control the flow direction of organic working medium regulates the heat exchange area between vaporizer and the engine exhaust, the method for this change evaporator area is simple in structure, and cost is low, and reliability is high.
3. the different thermodynamic states of exhaust when working according to vehicular engine, adopted the working medium of organic working medium R245fa as the organic Rankine circulation loop, compared with other material, they have good Security, environmental disruption is little, has simultaneously high hot merit conversion efficiency.
4. reduce motor to the heat dissipating capacity of atmosphere environment, the impact that slows down greenhouse effect.Reduce the motor exhaust temperature, improve the travelling comfort of urban environment.
The present invention can be applicable to various vehicular engines, especially vehicle gasoline engine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is afterheat generating system connection diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the hardware configuration sketch of ECU (Electrical Control Unit).
Fig. 3 is the controlling method schematic diagram of switching control pilot.
Fig. 4 is organic Rankine circulation loop controlling method schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is condenser fan regulating electric machine controlling method schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is error protection controlling method schematic diagram
Fig. 7 is the program overview flow chart.
Among the figure: the 1-gas compressor; The 2-engine cylinder-body; The 3-exhaust driven gas turbine; The 4-vaporizer; The 5-vaporizer; The 6-vaporizer; The 7-decompressor; The 8-generator; The 9-condenser; The 10-condenser fan; 11-condenser fan regulating electric machine; 12-organic Rankine circulation loop working medium pump; 13-organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine; 14-organic Rankine circulation loop pressure regulator valve; The 15-control unit; 16-atmospheric temperature sensor; The 17-switch starter; The 18-engine rotation speed sensor; The 19-throttle position switch; The 20-exhaust gas temperature sensor; 21-organic working medium condensing temperature sensor; 22-organic working medium superheat temperature sensor; 23-exhaust normal open switch valve; 24-exhaust normally closed switch valve; The 25-switching control pilot; The 26-switching control pilot; The 27-switching control pilot; The 28-switching control pilot; The 29-switching control pilot.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The engine exhaust heat of change evaporator area of the present invention reclaims organic rankine cycle system, and its connection diagram comprises organic Rankine cycle loop and control access as shown in Figure 1.The parts that the above-mentioned organic Rankine circulation loop of changing for the waste heat hot merit of motor comprises have: working medium pump 12, organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13, organic Rankine circulation loop pressure regulator valve 14, vaporizer 4, switching control pilot 28, switching control pilot 29, vaporizer 5, switching control pilot 26, switching control pilot 27, vaporizer 6, switching control pilot 25, decompressor 7, generator 8, condenser 9, condenser fan 10, condenser fan regulating electric machine 11, exhaust normal open switch valve 23, exhaust normally closed switch valve 24 and the pipeline that connects them.The above-mentioned parts that comprise for the control access of control have: control unit 15, engine rotation speed sensor 18, throttle position switch 19, switch starter 17, atmospheric temperature sensor 16, exhaust outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor 20, organic working medium condensing temperature sensor 21, organic working medium superheat temperature sensor 22, exhaust normal open switch valve 23, exhaust normally closed switch valve 24, switching control pilot 25, switching control pilot 26, switching control pilot 27, switching control pilot 28, switching control pilot 29, organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13, condenser fan regulating electric machine 11 and the wire harness that connects these parts.
The annexation that the engine exhaust heat of above-mentioned change evaporator area reclaims each parts in the organic rankine cycle system is:
The annexation of each parts of organic Rankine circulation loop is: the outlet of organic Rankine circulation loop working medium pump 12 links to each other by pipeline with the entrance of vaporizer 4, the outlet of vaporizer 4 links to each other with the entrance of switching control pilot 28 with switching control pilot 29 simultaneously, the outlet of switching control pilot 28 links to each other with the entrance of vaporizer 5, the outlet of vaporizer 5 links to each other with the entrance of switching control pilot 26 with switching control pilot 27 simultaneously, the outlet of switching control pilot 26 links to each other with the entrance of vaporizer 6, the outlet of vaporizer 6 links to each other with the entrance of switching control pilot 25, switching control pilot 25, switching control pilot 27, the outlet of switching control pilot 29 links to each other with the entrance of decompressor 7 simultaneously, the outlet of decompressor 7 links to each other with the entrance of condenser 9, the outlet of condenser 9 links to each other with the entrance of working medium pump 12, organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13 links to each other with organic Rankine circulation loop working medium pump 12 and drives its running, control the flow of organic working medium by the rotating speed of regulating electric machine 13, organic Rankine circulation loop pressure regulator valve 14 is in parallel with organic Rankine circulation loop working medium pump 12, in order to limit high evaporation pressure, the output shaft of decompressor 7 links to each other with the input shaft of generator 8, the generating of drive generator, condenser fan 10 is installed in the dead ahead of condenser 9, driven by the condenser fan regulating electric machine coaxial with it 11, rotating speed by regulating electric machine 11 is regulated condenser fan speed, thereby the cool air flow of condenser 9 is flow through in control, regulates the organic working medium condensing temperature with this.
Vaporizer 4, vaporizer 5 and the exhaust side of vaporizer 6 link to each other successively by pipeline, the exhaust entrance of vaporizer 6 links to each other with the relief opening pipeline of engine turbine 3, the exhaust outlet of vaporizer 4 communicates with atmosphere by pipeline, exhaust normal open switch valve 23 is serially connected on the pipeline between vaporizer 6 and the turbine 3, the bypass outlet pipe serial connection exhaust normally closed switch valve 24 on the pipeline before the entrance of exhaust normal open switch valve 23.
The annexation that is used for each parts of control access of control organic Rankine circulation loop operation is: engine rotation speed sensor 18, throttle position switch 19, atmospheric temperature sensor 16, switch starter 17, exhaust exhaust gas temperature sensor 20, organic working medium superheat temperature sensor 22, organic working medium condensing temperature sensor 21, organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13, condenser fan regulating electric machine 11, switching control pilot 25, switching control pilot 26, switching control pilot 27, switching control pilot 28, switching control pilot 29, exhaust normal open switch valve 23, exhaust normally closed switch valve 24 links to each other by wire harness with control unit 15 respectively, exhaust exhaust gas temperature sensor 20 is installed on vaporizer 4 and the connecting tube that atmosphere environment communicates, organic working medium superheat temperature sensor 22 is installed on the pipeline of decompressor 7 inlet sides, organic working medium condensing temperature sensor 21 is installed on the pipeline of condenser 9 outlet sides, switching control pilot 28 is serially connected on the pipeline between vaporizer 4 and the vaporizer 5, switching control pilot 29 is serially connected on the pipeline between the entrance that exports to decompressor 7 of vaporizer 4, switching control pilot 26 is serially connected on the pipeline between vaporizer 5 and the vaporizer 6, switching control pilot 27 is serially connected on the pipeline between the entrance that exports to decompressor 7 of vaporizer 5, and switching control pilot 25 is serially connected on the pipeline between the entrance that exports to decompressor 7 of vaporizer 6.
The structure that the engine exhaust heat of above-mentioned change evaporator area reclaims the control access of organic rankine cycle system connects sketch as shown in Figure 2.Contain power circuit, master singlechip circuit, simulated measurement input circuit, digital input circuit, reset circuit, clock circuit, motor-drive circuit, switch driving circuit and communicating circuit in the control unit.Simulated measurement input circuit carries out signal condition to the analog amount of throttle position switch 19, exhaust exhaust gas temperature sensor 20, organic working medium superheat temperature sensor 22, organic working medium condensing temperature sensor 21 and 16 outputs of atmospheric temperature sensor; Digital input circuit carries out signal condition to the digital quantity of engine rotation speed sensor 18 and switch starter 17 outputs; The analog acquisition port of the single-chip microcomputer in the output terminal of simulated measurement input circuit and the master singlechip circuit is connected; The digital IO port of the single-chip microcomputer in digital input circuit output terminal and the master singlechip circuit is connected; The input end of described motor-drive circuit links to each other with the output terminal of master singlechip circuit, the signal of the programmed acquisition input in the single-chip microcomputer, and carry out digital filtering and process, calculate the value that drives signal, export control signal to motor-drive circuit from pulse duration modulation (PWM) port of single-chip microcomputer; The output terminal of motor-drive circuit is connected with the condenser fan regulating electric machine with organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13 respectively and is connected; The input end of described switch driving circuit links to each other with the output terminal of master singlechip circuit, to switch driving circuit, are connected with switching control pilot with exhaust normal open switch valve 23, exhaust normally closed switch valve 24, switching control pilot 25, switching control pilot 26, switching control pilot 27, switching control pilot 28 respectively and are connected by the output terminal of switch driving circuit from the digital output port of single-chip microcomputer output control signal for program in the single-chip microcomputer; The CAN interface of the single-chip microcomputer in described communicating circuit one end and the master singlechip circuit links to each other, the other end links to each other with the CAN bus communication port of computer or other ECU (Electrical Control Unit), realize with the monitoring communication of computer and with the data communication facility of other ECU (Electrical Control Unit).
The working medium of above-mentioned organic Rankine circulation loop is organic fluid, such as certain refrigeration agent R245fa.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows:
When vehicular engine begins ignition start, switch starter 17 is connected, control unit 15 powers on and starts working, pre-stored programmed acquisition throttle position switch 19 in control unit 15, engine rotation speed sensor 18, atmospheric temperature sensor 16, exhaust exhaust gas temperature sensor 20, the signal of organic working medium superheat temperature sensor 22 and organic working medium condensing temperature sensor 21, size according to engine speed and throttle position signal judgement engine tail gas waste-heat energy, utilize switching control pilot 25, switching control pilot 26, switching control pilot 27, switching control pilot 28 and switching control pilot 29 are set corresponding vaporizer heat exchange area, on this basis, adopt the switch feedforward control to add closed-loop feedback control and calculate output drive signal, the rotating speed of control organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13, adopt closed-loop feedback control to calculate output drive signal, the rotating speed of control condenser fan regulating electric machine 11; When the sensor signal that detects when program is normal, keep exhaust normal open switch valve 23 to open, exhaust normally closed switch valve 24 cuts out, and the signal that detects sensor when program occurs closing exhaust normal open switch valve 23 when unusual, opens exhaust normally closed switch valve 24.
Above-mentioned switching control pilot controlling method principle as shown in Figure 3, vehicular engine is when real work, corresponding change occurs along with the variation of road surface and the speed of a motor vehicle etc. in its engine speed and output torque meeting, usually adopts engine speed and two signals of throttle position to judge the zone of engine operation in engine control.The idling speed n of motor
IdleAs stable minimum engine speed, be maximum engine rotation speed n corresponding to the speed setting of engine power rating point
Max, during engine work, rotating speed is at n
IdleAnd n
MaxBetween change, under some engine speed, throttle position signal changes between minimum settling position to 100% full load, engine electronic control unit can be set according to throttle position signal the size of fuel injection quantity, thereby regulate the size of engine output torque, throttle position signal is larger, and the torque of motor output is also larger.Therefore, take engine speed as abscissa, take throttle position as y coordinate, can draw the MAP figure of engine output, and the MAP figure of corresponding exhaust heat energy.If the output power of engine power rating point is P
e, be 2P in corresponding engine power so
eLittle/3, P
e/ 3 place draws respectively two curves as shown in Figure 3, take these two curves as the separatrix, the whole working zone of motor can be divided into I district, II district and III district.The corresponding engine power in I district is less than P
e/ 3, only utilize vaporizer 4 to absorb the waste heat energy of engine exhaust this moment, and control system is opened switching control pilot 29, closing switch control valve 25, switching control pilot 26, switching control pilot 27 and switching control pilot 28; The corresponding engine power in II district is greater than P
e/ 3 and less than 2P
e/ 3, utilize vaporizer 4 and vaporizer 5 to absorb the waste heat energy of engine exhaust this moment, and control system is opened switching control pilot 27 and 28, closing switch control valve 25, switching control pilot 26 and switching control pilot 29; The corresponding engine power in III district is greater than 2P
e/ 3, utilize vaporizer 4, vaporizer 5 and vaporizer 6 to absorb the waste heat energy of engine exhaust this moment, and control system is opened switching control pilot 25, switching control pilot 26 and switching control pilot 28, closing switch control valve 27 and switching control pilot 29.
Above-mentioned organic Rankine circulation loop controlling method principle as shown in Figure 4, the program in the control unit 15 is according to the engine rotation speed sensor 18 that gathers and the signal of throttle position switch 19, looks into 2 dimension MAP figure and obtains the switching control pilot working zone and select signal PWM
Sel, PWM
SelValue be 1,2 or 3, correspond to I district, II district or III district.The PWM of program basis
SelSignal value is selected the driving signal PWM of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine
ORCThe source.Work as PWM
SelEqual at 1 o'clock, be operated in the I district corresponding to the organic Rankine circulation loop, this moment, program was according to the engine rotation speed sensor 18 that gathers and the signal value of throttle position switch 19, looked into the feedforward control value PWM that 2 dimension MAP figure A obtain driving the pwm signal dutycycle of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13
Ff_A, the while is according to the exhaust temperature value T of the engine exhaust pipe outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor 20 that gathers
Exh_r, adopt the closed loop proportional integral controller to calculate the feedback control value PWM of the pwm signal dutycycle of driving organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13
Fb_A, export to the motor-drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13 after the stack, the desired value T of engine exhaust pipe outlet exhaust temperature
Exh-tBe made as 105 degrees centigrade, the Proportional coefficient K of proportional plus integral controller
P_AWith integral coefficient K
I_AAdjusted by concrete test and to obtain.Proportional plus integral controller comprises ratio governing loop and integral adjustment link.Ratio is regulated act as the in proportion deviation of reaction system, in a single day deviation has appearred in system, ratio is regulated and is produced immediately regulating action in order to reduce deviation, proportional action is large, can accelerate to regulate, reduce error, but excessive ratio, make Systems balanth decline, even cause the unstable of system.Acting as of integral adjustment makes system eliminate steady-state error, improves without margin, if error is arranged, integral adjustment just carries out, until indifference, integral adjustment just stops.The calculating formula of the proportional plus integral controller that the I district is corresponding is as follows:
Wherein n represents the current time value, and k represents from beginning to current a certain moment value.
Work as PWM
SelEqual at 2 o'clock, be operated in the II district corresponding to the organic Rankine circulation loop, this moment, program was according to the engine rotation speed sensor 18 that gathers and the signal value of throttle position switch 19, looked into the feedforward control value PWM that 2 dimension MAP figure B obtain driving the pwm signal dutycycle of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13
Ff_B, the while is according to the exhaust temperature value T of the engine exhaust pipe outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor 20 that gathers
Exh_r, adopt the closed loop proportional integral controller to calculate the feedback control value PWM of the pwm signal dutycycle of driving organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13
Fb_B, export to the motor-drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13, the Proportional coefficient K of proportional plus integral controller after the stack
P_BWith integral coefficient K
I_BAdjusted by concrete test and to obtain.The calculating formula of the proportional plus integral controller that the II district is corresponding is as follows:
Work as PWM
SelEqual at 3 o'clock, be operated in the III district corresponding to the organic Rankine circulation loop, this moment, program was according to the engine rotation speed sensor 18 that gathers and the signal value of throttle position switch 19, looked into the feedforward control value PWM that 2 dimension MAP figure C obtain driving the pwm signal dutycycle of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13
Ff_C, the while is according to the exhaust temperature value T of the engine exhaust pipe outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor 20 that gathers
Exh_r, adopt the closed loop proportional integral controller to calculate the feedback control value PWM of the pwm signal dutycycle of driving organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13
Fb_C, export to the motor-drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13, the Proportional coefficient K of proportional plus integral controller after the stack
P_CWith integral coefficient K
I_CAdjusted by concrete test and to obtain.The calculating formula of the proportional plus integral controller that the III district is corresponding is as follows:
Above-mentioned condenser fan regulating electric machine controlling method principle as shown in Figure 5, programmed acquisition atmospheric temperature sensor 16 signals in the control unit 15, look into 1 dimension table and judge the desired value of organic working medium condensing temperature, this target condensing temperature is according to different atmospheric temperature conditions, preset and be stored in the program as the form of 1 dimension table by calculating, the signal value of the target condensing temperature of calculating and the actual organic working medium condensing temperature sensor 21 of collection relatively, the adoption rate integral controller calculates the control signal value that drives condenser fan regulating electric machine 11, exports to subsequently the drive circuit of condenser fan regulating electric machine 11.
Above-mentioned error protection controlling method principle as shown in Figure 6, program in the control unit 15 detects the signal value of exhaust exhaust gas temperature sensor 20, organic working medium condensing temperature sensor 21 and organic working medium superheat temperature sensor 22, when the value that detects them is all in normal range (NR), assert that system works is normal, program control exhaust normal open switch valve 23 is opened, and exhaust normally closed switch valve 24 cuts out; When detecting value with upper sensor and have one at least greater than the maximum value of setting or be lower than the minimum value of setting, decision-making system work occurs unusual, program control exhaust normal open switch valve 23 in the control unit 15 cuts out, exhaust normally closed switch valve 24 is opened, close simultaneously whole afterheat generating system, and send alarm signal by PORT COM.
Working procedure of the present invention is as follows:
When motor began ignition start, switch starter 17 was connected, and control unit 15 powers on, and control program is started working, and the flow chart of main program as shown in Figure 7.At first, control program carries out initialization operation, sets the value of relevant register, and relevant control parameter is called among the RAM.Subsequently, control program is opened interrupt operation, opens take 10 milliseconds of major cycle control programs as the cycle.The major cycle control program judges whether 10 milliseconds of time cycles arrive afterwards, if do not have, continues to wait for, if arrive, then enters the collecting sensor signal module.The collecting sensor signal module gathers the signal of atmospheric temperature sensor 16, engine rotation speed sensor 18, throttle position switch 19, exhaust exhaust gas temperature sensor 20, organic working medium condensing temperature sensor 21 and organic working medium superheat temperature sensor 22, carry out respectively depositing among the RAM behind the digital filtering, as current real signal value.Afterwards, in normal range of operation, if normal, program is carried out normal system control program to the signal that the major cycle control program is judged sensor.At first program judges that according to the currency of engine oil door position signal and engine rotational speed signal organic Rankine periodic duty zone is positioned at I district, II district or III district.Enter afterwards organic Rankine circulation loop switching control pilot driver module, according to the requirement of above-mentioned switching control pilot controlling method principle, the on off operating mode of configuration switch control valve.Then, condenser fan regulating electric machine driver module calculates drive signal value according to the requirement of above-mentioned condenser fan regulating electric machine controlling method principle, exports to the drive circuit of condenser fan regulating electric machine 11.After this, enter organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine driver module, according to the requirement of above-mentioned organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine controlling method principle, calculate drive signal value, export to the drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13.At last, the major cycle control program enters the CAN communication module, check the communication request whether upper-position unit occurs, if have, the CAN communication module sends relevant information according to the requirement of upper-position unit, if do not have, then finishes this time control task of 10 millisecond periods, enter wait, until the arrival of next 10 milliseconds of time cycles.If detecting the signal of sensor occurs unusual, program is at first opened exhaust normally closed switch valve 24, close subsequently exhaust normal open switch valve 23, and by CAN communication transmission alarm signal, afterwards, program is closed organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine 13, condenser fan regulating electric machine 11 and generator 8 successively, finishes later on program stopped operation of above action, waits for that the maintenance man overhauls.
Claims (7)
1. the engine exhaust heat that becomes evaporator area reclaims organic rankine cycle system, the waste heat that exhaust is carried when utilizing the Rankine cycle of adopting organic working medium to absorb engine operation, utilize decompressor that the enthalpy change in the high enthalpy working medium inflation process is converted to useful work output, the generating of drive generator utilizes control system to realize the maximization that exhaust heat utilizes under the Under Different Work Condition of Engine; It is characterized in that:
Described organic Rankine circulation, the outlet of working medium pump (12) links to each other by pipeline with the entrance of vaporizer (4), the outlet of vaporizer (4) links to each other with the entrance of switching control pilot (28) with switching control pilot (29) simultaneously, the outlet of switching control pilot (28) links to each other with the entrance of vaporizer (5), the outlet of vaporizer (5) links to each other with the entrance of switching control pilot (26) with switching control pilot (27) simultaneously, the outlet of switching control pilot (26) links to each other with the entrance of vaporizer (6), the outlet of vaporizer (6) links to each other with the entrance of switching control pilot (25), switching control pilot (25), switching control pilot (27), the outlet of switching control pilot (29) links to each other with the entrance of decompressor (7) simultaneously, the outlet of decompressor (7) links to each other with the entrance of condenser (9), and the outlet of condenser (9) links to each other with the entrance of working medium pump (12); Regulating electric machine (13) links to each other with working medium pump (12) and drives its running, pressure regulator valve (14) is in parallel with working medium pump (12), the high evaporation pressure that is used for restriction organic Rankine circulation loop, decompressor (7) links to each other with generator (8), drive its generating, condenser fan (10) is installed in the dead ahead of condenser (9), is driven by the condenser fan regulating electric machine (11) coaxial with it;
Described vaporizer is the tubular fin type heat exchanger, vaporizer (6), the pipe side liquid of vaporizer (5) and vaporizer (4) is organic working medium, shell fluid is the high-temperature exhaust air from motor, the shell-side entrance of vaporizer (6) links to each other by the relief opening of pipeline with engine turbine (3), the shell-side entrance of vaporizer (5) links to each other by pipeline with the shell-side outlet of vaporizer (6), the shell-side entrance of vaporizer (4) links to each other by pipeline with the shell-side outlet of vaporizer (5), the shell-side outlet of vaporizer (4) communicates with atmosphere environment by pipeline, pipeline serial connection exhaust normal open switch valve (23) before the exhaust entrance of vaporizer (6), the bypass outlet pipe serial connection exhaust normally closed switch valve (24) on the pipeline before the entrance of exhaust normal open switch valve (23).
2. the engine exhaust heat of change evaporator area according to claim 1 reclaims organic rankine cycle system, it is characterized in that: described control system, by engine rotation speed sensor (18), throttle position switch (19), switch starter (17), atmospheric temperature sensor (16), exhaust outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor (20), organic working medium condensing temperature sensor (21), organic working medium superheat temperature sensor (22), exhaust normal open switch valve (23), exhaust normally closed switch valve (24), switching control pilot (25), switching control pilot (26), switching control pilot (27), switching control pilot (28), switching control pilot (29), organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13), condenser fan regulating electric machine (11) is connected to form by wire harness with control unit (15); Exhaust outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor (20) is installed on the pipeline of shell-side outlet of vaporizer (4), organic working medium superheat temperature sensor (22) is installed on the pipeline of decompressor (7) inlet side, and condensing temperature sensor (21) is installed on the pipeline of condenser (9) outlet side.
3. the engine exhaust heat of change evaporator area according to claim 1 reclaims organic rankine cycle system, and it is characterized in that: described ECU (Electrical Control Unit) comprises: power circuit, master singlechip circuit, simulated measurement input circuit, digital input circuit, reset circuit, clock circuit, motor-drive circuit, switch driving circuit and communicating circuit.
4. the engine exhaust heat of change evaporator area according to claim 3 reclaims organic rankine cycle system, it is characterized in that: described simulated measurement input circuit carries out signal condition to the analog amount of throttle position switch (19), exhaust outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor (20), organic working medium superheat temperature sensor (22), organic working medium condensing temperature sensor (21) and atmospheric temperature sensor (16) output; Digital input circuit carries out signal condition to the digital quantity of engine rotation speed sensor (18) and switch starter (19) output; The analog acquisition port of the single-chip microcomputer in the output terminal of simulated measurement input circuit and the master singlechip circuit is connected; The digital IO port of the single-chip microcomputer in digital input circuit output terminal and the master singlechip circuit is connected.
5. the engine exhaust heat of change evaporator area according to claim 3 reclaims organic rankine cycle system, it is characterized in that: the input end of described motor-drive circuit links to each other with the output terminal of master singlechip circuit, the signal of the programmed acquisition input in the single-chip microcomputer, and carry out digital filtering and process, calculate the value that drives signal, export control signal to motor-drive circuit from pulse duration modulation (PWM) port of single-chip microcomputer; The output terminal of motor-drive circuit is connected 11 with organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13) with the condenser fan regulating electric machine respectively) be connected;
The input end of described switch driving circuit links to each other with the output terminal of master singlechip circuit, program in the single-chip microcomputer is exported control signal to switch driving circuit according to operating conditions from the digital output port of single-chip microcomputer, and the output terminal of switch driving circuit is connected 29 with exhaust normal open switch valve (5), exhaust normally closed switch valve (6), switching control pilot (25), switching control pilot (26), switching control pilot (27), switching control pilot (28) with switching control pilot respectively) be connected;
The CAN interface of the single-chip microcomputer in described communicating circuit one end and the master singlechip circuit links to each other, and the other end links to each other with the CAN bus communication port of computer or other ECU (Electrical Control Unit), realize with the monitoring communication of computer and with the data communication of other ECU (Electrical Control Unit).
6. the engine exhaust heat of change evaporator area according to claim 1 reclaims organic rankine cycle system, it is characterized in that: the working medium that is used for the organic Rankine circulation loop is organic fluid, such as certain refrigeration agent R245fa.
7. the engine exhaust heat that becomes evaporator area reclaims the controlling method of organic rankine cycle system, it is characterized in that comprising: the programmed acquisition engine rotation speed sensor (18) in the control unit (15) and the signal of throttle position switch (19), judge the size of engine output with this, when engine output is lower than three of rated power/for the moment, control program is opened switching control pilot (29), closing switch control valve (25), (26), (27) and (28), only utilize vaporizer (4) to absorb the waste heat energy of engine exhaust, programmed acquisition engine rotation speed sensor (18) in control unit this moment (15) and the signal value of throttle position switch (19), look into the feedforward control value that 2 dimension MAP figure A obtain driving the pwm signal dutycycle of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13), gather simultaneously the exhaust temperature value of engine exhaust pipe outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor (20), adopt the closed loop proportional integral controller to calculate the feedback control value of the pwm signal dutycycle that drives organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13), export to the motor-drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13) after the stack, the Proportional coefficient K of proportional plus integral controller
P_AWith integral coefficient K
I_AAdjusted by concrete test and to obtain;
When engine output be higher than three of rated power/in the lump less than rated power 2/3rds the time, control program is opened switching control pilot (27) and switching control pilot (28), closing switch control valve (25), switching control pilot (26) and switching control pilot (29), utilize vaporizer (4) and vaporizer (5) to absorb the waste heat energy of engine exhaust, programmed acquisition engine rotation speed sensor (18) in control unit this moment (15) and the signal value of throttle position switch (19), look into the feedforward control value that 2 dimension MAP figure B obtain driving the pwm signal dutycycle of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13), gather simultaneously the exhaust temperature value of engine exhaust pipe outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor (20), adopt the closed loop proportional integral controller to calculate the feedback control value of the pwm signal dutycycle that drives organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13), export to the motor-drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13) after the stack, the Proportional coefficient K of proportional plus integral controller
P_BWith integral coefficient K
I_BAdjusted by concrete test and to obtain;
When engine output be higher than rated power 2/3rds the time, control program is opened switching control pilot (25), switching control pilot (26) and switching control pilot (28), closing switch control valve (27) and switching control pilot (29), utilize simultaneously vaporizer (4), vaporizer (5) and vaporizer (6) absorb the waste heat energy of engine exhaust, programmed acquisition engine rotation speed sensor (18) in control unit this moment (15) and the signal value of throttle position switch (19), look into the feedforward control value that 2 dimension MAP figure C obtain driving the pwm signal dutycycle of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13), gather simultaneously the exhaust temperature value of engine exhaust pipe outlet exhaust gas temperature sensor (20), adopt the closed loop proportional integral controller to calculate the feedback control value of the pwm signal dutycycle that drives organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13), export to the motor-drive circuit of organic Rankine circulation loop regulating electric machine (13) after the stack, the Proportional coefficient K of proportional plus integral controller
P_CWith integral coefficient K
I-cAdjusted by concrete test and to obtain;
Programmed acquisition atmospheric temperature sensor (16) signal in the control unit (15) is input parameter, calculate organic Rankine circulation loop condensing temperature desired value, and with the condensing temperature actual value that gathers from condensing temperature sensor (21) relatively, the adoption rate integral controller calculates the pwm signal dutyfactor value that drives condenser fan regulating electric machine (11), the motor-drive circuit of regulating electric machine (11);
When normal operation, program control exhaust normal open switch valve (23) in the control unit (15) is opened, exhaust normally closed switch valve (24) cuts out, when appearance is unusual in each sensor signal that gathers, program control exhaust normal open switch valve (23) in the control unit (15) cuts out, exhaust normally closed switch valve (24) is opened, and closes simultaneously whole afterheat generating system, and sends alarm signal by PORT COM.
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| CN110145377A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-20 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of refrigeration system based on vehicle engine exhaust gas |
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