CN102897812A - Method for activating high-sulfur bauxite by means of low-temperature roasting desulfurization method - Google Patents
Method for activating high-sulfur bauxite by means of low-temperature roasting desulfurization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102897812A CN102897812A CN2012103992090A CN201210399209A CN102897812A CN 102897812 A CN102897812 A CN 102897812A CN 2012103992090 A CN2012103992090 A CN 2012103992090A CN 201210399209 A CN201210399209 A CN 201210399209A CN 102897812 A CN102897812 A CN 102897812A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for activating high-sulfur bauxite by means of a low-temperature roasting desulfurization method. The method which carries out oxidative desulfurization roasting on bauxite with 1 to 5 wt percent of sulfur content so that the bauxite can become material applicable to the Bayer process production of alumina is characterized in that the oxidative desulfurization temperature is controlled between 500 DEG C and 600 DEG C. More specifically, in a fluidized bed roaster or a rotary kiln, hot air which is 650 DEG C to 900 DEG C is utilized to heat dry-ground mineral powder. Not only is the sulfur content in the processed mineral powder decreased to be less than 0.5 percent, but also the organic matters in the mineral are completely oxidized to be decomposed, and meanwhile, because the roasting temperature is low, activated alumina can be prevented from being transformed to become over-stable. When the roasted bauxite is used in Bayer digestion, the digestion performance is improved, and the digestion rate of alumina is higher than 93 percent. After limestone suspension is cyclically sprayed or red mud suspension is sprayed to desulfurize the tail gas containing SO2 produced by oxidative desulfurization, the SO2 content can be decreased to be less than 300mg/m3, and thereby the tail gas comes up to the emission standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to low-quality Mineral resources and effectively utilize technical field, relate generally to the pre-desulfurization technology method of utilizing high-sulfur bauxite to produce aluminum oxide.
Background technology
Aluminum oxide is the bulk raw material of producing metallic aluminium, and output and the consumption in China every year all surpass 3,000 ten thousand tons, and height ranks first in the world.Yet it is very limited that China is used for producing the high-quality bauxite resource of aluminum oxide, and 200,000,000 tons the sulphur content of having an appointment is demanded Application and Development urgently greater than the high-sulfur diaspore type bauxite of 0.7wt%.Sulphur in the bauxite is mainly with pyrite (FeS
2), secondly the form with vitriol exists, a large amount of humic-acid kind organism of the general coexistence of this type of ore.Main Problems is that organism hinders the stripping of diaspore in alkali lye when adopting at present high-sulfur bauxite to produce aluminum oxide, and the sulphur in the ore can enter with the form of sulfate radical, inferior sulfate radical or thiosulfate anion in the sodium aluminate solution, thereby in circulating mother liquor, accumulate, affect bayer's process process for making alumina control, equipment normally moves and the alumina product quality.Both at home and abroad in the relevant preconditioning technique of high-sulfur bauxite, Chinese invention patent CN102228869A has disclosed the desulfurization of employing direct flotation and Counterfloatating desiliconization technique is carried out the while desulfurization and pyritous method in the bauxite is removed in desiliconization, and the content of processing sulphur in the rear concentrate is lower than 0.3wt%.Yet flotation process is larger to the loss of ore, and the moisture of bringing into will cause the subsequent evaporation process energy consumption obviously to increase.Have research report to adopt the method for adding the desulfurization of barium salt process, the method is undesirable to the removal effect of the sulphur that is present in other valence states in the circulating mother liquor with non-sulfuric acid root forms such as thiosulfate anions.Chinese invention patent ZL200810230200.0 discloses a kind of high-sulfur bauxite pre-treatment and processes SO2 removal method in the tail gas, the method adopts 1100 ~ 1300 ℃ of warm airs in fluidized-bed breeze to be heated to 700 ~ 850 ℃ to carry out breeze desulfurization, activation and eliminate organism, baking tail gases is passed in the red mud of stirring to be used for carrying out removing of SO2.The method is easy to combine with process for making alumina, but has following problem: the one, and it is harsh to adopt the fluiddized-bed roasting desulfurization that the mineral powder granular uniformity coefficient is required, and increases cost; The 2nd, described desulfurization with roasting technique excess Temperature causes energy dissipation and is unfavorable for the stripping of aluminium; The 3rd, directly red mud slurry is carried out the baking tail gases desulfurization as the filler in the desulfurization packing tower, gas-liquid mass transfer efficient is poor, occurs easily blocking.
Summary of the invention
Key in herein summary of the invention and describe paragraph is produced the desulfurization technology existence of aluminum oxide for above-mentioned employing high-sulfur bauxite problem and shortage, the invention provides a kind of can with existing process for making alumina perfect adaptation, and the economical and practical high-sulphur alumyte desulfuration pretreatment process of energy-conserving and environment-protective.Particularly, sulfur bauxite is milled to certain granules degree scope through dry method, adds in fluidizing furnace or the rotary kiln, blast 650 ~ 900 ℃ warm air, make breeze be heated to 500 ~ 600 ℃, kept 5-40 minute, sulphur content is reduced to below 0.5% in the rear breeze of processing; Through the overcooled SO that contains
2Tail gas through adopting the spraying of Wingdale or red mud suspension liquor to process, SO in the tail gas after processing
2Content is to 300mg/m
3Below.High-sulfur bauxite pretreatment process of the present invention is characterised in that:
(1) temperature of control oxidizing roasting is 500 ~ 600 ℃, not only can reach the oxidation sweetening effect, but and exhaustive oxidation eliminate organism in the breeze, and avoid breeze burning and caking phenomenon, the dissolving out capability of breeze is increased.The digesting efficiency of alumina of breeze after treatment in 200 ~ 240 ℃ of caustic alkali dissolution fluids reaches more than 93%.
(2) adopt fluidizing furnace to be conducive to keep fully contacting and the Rapid Thermal exchange of breeze surface and hot blast, avoid burning and caking, weak point is that the air quantity of required hot blast is large and need strictly control; Adopt rotary kiln, can have between breeze and hot blast and enough carry out for a long time heat exchange, can effectively reduce the hot blast consumption, alleviate dedusting intensity, weak point is that the relative probability of breeze caking raises.
(3) adopt Coalhotairfurnace that hot blast is provided indirectly, can be by selecting the cheap coal-fired thermal source cost that reduces; Can further reduce energy consumption after the air process desulfurization with roasting technique tail gas preheating of inflow hotblast stove blast inlet.
(4) SO in the tail gas is processed in the spraying of employing Wingdale or red mud suspension liquor
2, Wingdale suspension can recycle, and the alkalescence of red mud can be used for the farmland second ploughing after neutralization.
Control oxidation sweetening treatment temp is 500-600 ℃ in the high-sulfur bauxite pretreatment process of the present invention, and being based on sulphur content is to propose on the thermochemistry behavioral study basis of 1 ~ 5% high-sulfur bauxite.
About 460 ℃, under the aerobic existence condition, FeS
2Can as the formula (1) thermopositive reaction occur with airborne oxygen:
FeS
2 + 11/4 O
2 = 1/2 Fe
2O
3 + 2 SO
2 + 826 kJ/mol
（1）
Simultaneously, contained a small amount of organism also will be by permineralization in the bauxite.
After temperature reached 500 ℃, the diaspore in the breeze began to occur dehydration priming reaction transition as the formula (2):
Al
2O
3×H
2O → Al
2O
3 + H
2O （2）
After temperature is higher than 535 ℃, the FeS in the high-sulfur bauxite
2Self-decomposition reaction as the formula (3) can also occur in the oxygen deprivation situation fast, thereby as the formula (1) oxidizing reaction just can be carried out fast in the oxygen enrichment situation, the oxidizing roasting desulfurization temperature needn't further raise.
FeS
2 = FeS+ S↑ （3）
Therefore theoretically, when reaching 500 ℃, can realize the aerobic maturing temperature oxidizing roasting desulfurization and the transformation of crystal activation of high-sulfur bauxite.Improve the aerobic maturing temperature, can significantly improve the speed of reaction of oxidizing roasting desulfurization and transformation of crystal activation, shorten oxidation sweetening and transformation of crystal time, but required energy consumption also significantly increases thereupon; If excess Temperature also can make the amorphous alumina generation crystallization in the breeze, be unfavorable on the contrary the stripping of aluminium, it is appropriate below 600 ℃ that obvious upper temperature limit with high-sulfur bauxite desulfurization with roasting technique and activation treatment is controlled at, unsuitable too high.Therefore, the optimal temperature scope that the present invention proposes high-sulfur bauxite desulfurization with roasting technique and activation treatment is 500 ~ 600 ℃, and optimum temperature range is 535 ~ 580 ℃.In order to realize carrying out smoothly of desulfurization, breeze is ground into certain particle diameter in advance simultaneously, to improve reaction area, accelerates mass transfer, guarantees the Quick Oxidation of sulphur.
Low-temperature bake doctor treatment activation treatment high-sulfur bauxite method of the present invention mainly comprises:
(1) high-sulfur bauxite crushing dry powder-grinding before roasting.First sulphur content is carried out suitable drying at the high-sulfur bauxite of 1 ~ 5wt%, and then carry out the fragmentation dry grinding, can alleviate adhesion like this, improve broken mill efficient.Required breeze particle size range is different different because of the baking modes that adopts: if adopt fluidizing furnace, need control breeze particle diameter below 0.3mm, preferably be controlled at 0.075 ~ 0.18mm; Adopt rotary kiln, need control breeze particle diameter below 0.85 mm, preferably be controlled at below the 0.3mm.
(2) in fluidizing furnace or rotary kiln, carry out the oxidizing roasting desulfurization of high-sulfur bauxite and priming reaction transition that dewaters.
In fluidizing furnace, pass into 650 ~ 900 ℃ warm air and the high-sulfur bauxite breeze is carried out fluidization add thermal bake-out, breeze was kept 5 ~ 20 minutes in 500 ~ 600 ℃ of temperature ranges, its sulphur content is reduced to below 0.5%.The optimum calcination temperature of recommending is 540 ~ 580 ℃.
In rotary kiln, the warm air that passes into 650 ~ 900 ℃ adds thermal bake-out to the high-sulfur bauxite breeze, and breeze was kept 15 ~ 40 minutes in 500 ~ 600 ℃ of temperature ranges, and its sulphur content is reduced to below 0.5%.The optimum calcination temperature of recommending is 535 ~ 565 ℃.
The required hot blast of high-sulphur alumyte desulfuration and activation can adopt multiple hotblast stove to produce.The preferential warm air that adopts Coalhotairfurnace to produce 650 ~ 900 ℃ of cheapnesss is to reduce the thermal source cost.
(3) employing Wingdale suspension spray or red mud suspension liquor spray method absorb the SO in the baking tail gases
2:
Wingdale suspension spray method absorbs the SO in the baking tail gases
2, specifically describe as follows: cooled baking tail gases is passed in the thionizer, adopt the SO in the Wingdale suspension spray liquid film absorption tail gas
2The main generation suc as formula the chemical reaction shown in (4) and the formula (5):
CaCO
3 +2H
2O +2SO
2 = Ca(HSO
3)
2 +CO
2↑ （4）
Ca(HSO
3)
2 +CaCO
3 + O
2 = 2CaSO
4↓+CO
2↑ （5）
This widespread use in means of flue gas desulfurization of power plant of desulfurization technology method, technology maturation.The method efficient is expensive low, and technology stability is good, desulfurization degree〉95%, can be with SO
2Content to 300 mg/m
3Following qualified discharge; The method weak point is to consume a large amount of limestone powders, also will produce a large amount of carbon dioxides and enter atmosphere.
The present invention proposes the SO in the red mud suspension liquor spray method absorption baking tail gases
2, will pass in the thionizer after the baking tail gases cooling, adopt red mud suspension liquor spraying liquid film Absorption Desulfurization.The main chemical reaction that occurs as the formula (6):
NaOH +SO
2 = NaHSO
3 （6）
The NaHSO that reaction generates
3There is quite a few also can and fix by the solid alkaline material absorbing in the red mud.
The key problem in technology of this sulfur method is properly to adjust the structure of the relative stability and the thionizer that utilize red mud slurry, avoids its too early unstability fouling when carrying out FGD by spraying mist.The method desulfurization rate is fast, and aftertreatment is simple, and sulphur content in the tail gas is reduced to 300 mg/m
3Below, desulfurization degree〉95%, both without secondary CO
2Emission problem can make red mud dealkalization second ploughing, more environmental friendliness again.
(4) stripping of aluminium in the bauxite after the desulfurization activation treatment:
Be in the dissolution fluid of 6.5 ~ 7.7M at severe alkali concn, with the desulfurization with roasting technique breeze by 1.3 ~ 1.6 sodium aluminum ratio batching, at 220 ~ 240 ℃ of strippings 60 ~ 90 minutes, the solubility rate of aluminum oxide 93%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of high-sulfur bauxite low-temperature bake oxidation sweetening of the present invention and activation treatment.1, high-sulfur bauxite; 2, broken and grinding; 3, fluidizing furnace or rotary kiln; 4, heat exchange; 5, bauxite after the roasting; 6, tail gas; 7, the red mud absorption unit; 8, air; 9, hotblast stove; 10, fuel.
Fig. 2 is Southwestern China high-sulfur bauxite sample is processed front and back through low-temperature bake oxidation sweetening of the present invention and activating treatment process XRD spectra.Wherein curve 1 is the XRD diffractogram of raw ore sample; Curve 2 is XRD diffractograms after processing, and curve 3 is standard x RD diffractograms of AlO (OH); Curve 4 is Al
2O
3Standard x RD diffractogram.
Specific embodiment
The below introduces and adopts the present technique invention to carry out the embodiment of high-sulfur bauxite low-temperature bake oxidation sweetening and dehydration activation treatment transition, and the high-sulfur bauxite of selecting among the embodiment below is the high-sulfur bauxite from the Southwestern China area.
Be 7.1 with alumina silica ratio, sulphur content is 3.7% the dry broken mill of high-sulfur bauxite, crosses the breeze that 50 orders are got particle diameter＜0.30mm; To be 800 ~ 900 ℃ hot blast through the air heating of preheating with Coalhotairfurnace; After breeze added ebullated bed, the downside of hot blast from fluidizing furnace added, in fluidizing furnace, utilize Hot-blast Heating to light FeS in the breeze
2, make breeze fluidization oxidation sweetening and dehydration activation transition in 560 ~ 600 ℃ temperature range, in fluidizing furnace, kept 5 ~ 10 minutes, the sulphur content of breeze is down to 0.43% after the roasting; The desulfurization with roasting technique breeze by 1.6 sodium aluminum ratio batching, is added the lime that is equivalent to bauxite content 4%, severe alkali concn be in the dissolution fluid of 240g/L 240 ℃ of strippings 60 minutes, the solubility rate of aluminum oxide is 93.4%; Utilize freezing air by interchanger desulfurization with roasting technique tail gas to be cooled off, desulfidation tail gas is cooled to 70 ~ 80 ℃, then blast Wingdale suspension spray thionizer and carry out desulfurization, the SO in the tail gas
2Content is to 300mg/m
3Rear discharging.
Be 8.1 with alumina silica ratio, sulphur content is 4.1% the dry broken mill of high-sulfur bauxite, crosses the breeze that 20 orders are got particle diameter＜0.85mm; To be 650 ~ 750 ℃ hot blast through the air heating of preheating with Coalhotairfurnace; With the high-end adding of breeze from rotary kiln, hot blast is added from the low side of rotary kiln, in rotary kiln, utilize Hot-blast Heating to light FeS in the breeze
2, make breeze fluidization oxidation sweetening and dehydration activation transition in 500 ~ 535 ℃ temperature range, in rotary kiln, kept 30 ~ 40 minutes, the sulphur content of breeze is down to 0.31% after the roasting; The desulfurization with roasting technique breeze by 1.45 sodium aluminum ratio batching, is added the lime that is equivalent to bauxite content 4%, severe alkali concn be in the dissolution fluid of 200g/L 220 ℃ of strippings 90 minutes, the solubility rate of aluminum oxide is 93.1%; Utilize freezing air by interchanger desulfurization with roasting technique tail gas to be cooled off, desulfidation tail gas is cooled to 70 ~ 80 ℃, then blast red mud suspension liquor FGD by spraying mist tower and carry out desulfurization, the SO in the tail gas
2Content is to 260mg/m
3Rear discharging.
Be 6.5 with alumina silica ratio, sulphur content is 2.1% the dry broken mill of high-sulfur bauxite, crosses respectively 80 orders and 200 orders and gets the breeze that particle diameter is 0.075 ~ 0.18mm; To be 750 ~ 850 ℃ hot blast through the air heating of preheating with fuel gas hot-blast stove; After breeze added ebullated bed, the downside of hot blast from fluidizing furnace added, in fluidizing furnace, utilize Hot-blast Heating to light FeS in the breeze
2, make breeze fluidization oxidation sweetening and dehydration activation transition in 540 ~ 580 ℃ temperature range, in fluidizing furnace, kept 10 ~ 15 minutes, the sulphur content of breeze is down to 0.22% after the roasting; The desulfurization with roasting technique breeze by 1.4 sodium aluminum ratio batching, is added the lime that is equivalent to bauxite content 4%, severe alkali concn be in the dissolution fluid of 220g/L 220 ℃ of strippings 60 minutes, the solubility rate of aluminum oxide is 93.2%; Utilize freezing air by interchanger desulfurization with roasting technique tail gas to be cooled off, desulfidation tail gas is cooled to 70 ~ 80 ℃, then blast red mud suspension liquor FGD by spraying mist tower and carry out desulfurization, the SO in the tail gas
2Content is to 180mg/m
3Rear discharging.
Be 6.4 with alumina silica ratio, sulphur content is 1.3% the dry broken mill of high-sulfur bauxite, and crossing 50 orders is the breeze of particle diameter＜0.30mm; To be 700 ~ 800 ℃ hot blast through the air heating of preheating with oil hot air furnace; With the high-end adding of breeze from rotary kiln, hot blast is added from the low side of rotary kiln, in rotary kiln, utilize Hot-blast Heating to light FeS in the breeze
2, make breeze fluidization oxidation sweetening and dehydration activation transition in 535 ~ 565 ℃ temperature range, in rotary kiln, kept 15 ~ 25 minutes, the sulphur content of breeze is down to 0.19% after the roasting; The desulfurization with roasting technique breeze by 1.3 sodium aluminum ratio batching, is added the lime that is equivalent to bauxite content 4%, severe alkali concn be in the dissolution fluid of 220g/L 200 ℃ of strippings 75 minutes, the solubility rate of aluminum oxide is 93.1%; Utilize freezing air by interchanger desulfurization with roasting technique tail gas to be cooled off, desulfidation tail gas is cooled to 70 ~ 80 ℃, then blast red mud suspension liquor FGD by spraying mist tower and carry out desulfurization, the SO in the tail gas
2Content is to 160mg/m
3Rear discharging.
Claims (5)
1. key in herein 1 one kinds of pretreated methods of high-sulfur bauxite of claim, adopt the oxidation sweetening mode make sulphur content be 1 ~ 5wt% bauxite after treatment sulphur content be lower than 0.5wt%, meet the process for making alumina requirement, it is characterized in that: the oxidation sweetening process is carried out in fluidizing furnace, requires the breeze particle diameter less than 0.30 mm, is advisable with 0.075 ~ 0.18mm, pass into 650-900 ℃ warm air, heating breeze to 500 ~ 600 ℃, the best is 540 ~ 580 ℃, keeps 5 ~ 20 minutes.
2. high-sulfur alum clay pretreatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxidation sweetening process also can be carried out in rotary kiln, require the breeze particle diameter less than 0.85 mm, preferably less than 0.30mm, pass into 650-900 ℃ warm air, heating breeze to 500 ~ 600 ℃, the best is 535 ~ 565 ℃, keeps 15 ~ 40 minutes.
3. high-sulfur bauxite pretreatment process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein 650-900 ℃ warm air is provided by Coalhotairfurnace, can be by selecting the cheap coal-fired thermal source cost that reduces.
4. high-sulfur bauxite pretreatment process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 contains SO in the tail gas that wherein produces in the oxidation sweetening process
2, can adopt Wingdale suspension spray method to process, wherein Wingdale suspension can recycle.
5. high-sulfur bauxite pretreatment process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 contains SO in the tail gas that wherein produces in the oxidation sweetening process
2, can adopt the red mud suspension liquor spray method to process, red mud alkalescence is neutralized after using, and can be used for the farmland second ploughing.
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| CN103833056A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-06-04 | 贵州大学 | Method for producing alumina by use of high sulfur bauxite |
| CN104140122A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-12 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | High sulfur bauxite pre-desulphurization method |
| CN104843751A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-08-19 | 沈阳鑫博工业技术股份有限公司 | Bauxite activation calcination low-temperature digestion system and activation, calcination and digestion method |
| CN106315645A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-01-11 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Method for producing aluminum oxide and by-product 4A zeolite by low-grade high-sulfur bauxite |
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| CN111484048A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-08-04 | 遵义能矿投资股份有限公司 | Treatment method for low-energy-consumption desulfurization and desilication high-efficiency alumina dissolution of refractory bauxite |
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| CN104140122A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-12 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | High sulfur bauxite pre-desulphurization method |
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| CN104843751A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-08-19 | 沈阳鑫博工业技术股份有限公司 | Bauxite activation calcination low-temperature digestion system and activation, calcination and digestion method |
| CN104843751B (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2016-05-18 | 沈阳鑫博工业技术股份有限公司 | A kind of bauxite activation burning low temperature digestion series and activation burning and dissolving-out method |
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| CN106315645B (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2018-03-20 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of method of low-grade high-sulfur bauxite production aluminum oxide by-product 4A zeolites |
| CN111484048A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-08-04 | 遵义能矿投资股份有限公司 | Treatment method for low-energy-consumption desulfurization and desilication high-efficiency alumina dissolution of refractory bauxite |
| CN111484054A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-08-04 | 遵义能矿投资股份有限公司 | Treatment method of refractory bauxite desulfuration active silicon and active aluminum |
| CN110306037A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-08 | 东北大学 | A kind of device and method of high-sulfur bauxite suspension roasting oxidation sweetening |
| CN114836616A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-08-02 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Iron ore powder pellet and preparation method thereof |
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