CN102896431A - Laser welding method capable of avoiding slag inclusion and improving laser absorptivity of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Laser welding method capable of avoiding slag inclusion and improving laser absorptivity of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN102896431A CN102896431A CN2012103959425A CN201210395942A CN102896431A CN 102896431 A CN102896431 A CN 102896431A CN 2012103959425 A CN2012103959425 A CN 2012103959425A CN 201210395942 A CN201210395942 A CN 201210395942A CN 102896431 A CN102896431 A CN 102896431A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser welding method capable of avoiding slag inclusion and improving laser absorptivity of an aluminum alloy. The method comprises the following steps of: removing a compact oxide film from the surface of the aluminum alloy, forming a porous film with the thickness of several micrometers by an anodic oxidation method, dyeing to improve the laser absorptivity, coating a solvent capable of removing the oxide film during welding on a part to be welded before welding, and performing laser welding. The porous film is obtained by performing anodic oxidation on phosphoric acid and is essentially different from the naturally formed compact oxide film, namely laser absorption efficiency can be improved due to pores in the porous film, the porous film can be effectively dyed in a short time, and a dark thin film is obtained; and in addition, after reverse polarization is performed, the bonding strength of the anodic oxide film and a substrate is greatly reduced, the oxide film is conveniently peeled from a pool under the action of the solvent for removing the oxide film during welding, and the phenomenon that the oxide film enters the pool to form slag inclusion is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for laser welding of aluminium alloy, belong to the laser welding technology field.
Background technology
Laser Welding is the new welding technology that grows up decades recently, it is few to have the heat input, energy density is concentrated, the heat affected area distortion is little, can obtain the advantages such as larger fusion penetration, particularly combine with robot, can give full play of the welding efficiency advantages of higher, laser weld has increasing application in industrial production at present.Yet, in the process of the laser weld of aluminium alloy, also exist a lot of shortcomings and problem.The most serious problem is exactly because aluminium and aluminium alloy are high to the initial reflectance of laser, causes welding process unstable when laser weld, because most of energy that high reflectivity makes all is reflected and can not be absorbed by aluminum substrate.Typical aluminium alloy is the CO of 10.6 μ m to wavelength
2Laser reflectivity is up to more than 97%, and the while, this situation caused the laser weld difficulty, many times can not melt-forming, typically CO owing to the heat conductivility (thermal conductivity factor of most of aluminium alloys more is 3 times of ordinary carbon steel) of aluminium alloy from height
2Laser beam scans bright and clean aluminum alloy surface when power is 3Kw, even can not form the molten bath, and the laser that is reflected still has very high power, will damage the personal safety that arranges even threaten operating personnel if control bad reflection direction.So aluminium alloy is to the high reflectance of laser and high thermal conductivity, limited the extensive use of Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys to a great extent.
In order to improve the difficult point of high reflectance in the laser laser welding of aluminum alloy, the scholar who has has both at home and abroad done a large amount of experimental studies for this problem.Studies show that, aluminium alloy is carried out oxidation etc. can reduce aluminium alloy to the reflection of light beam in suitable surface preparation such as sand papering, surface chemistry etch, equadag coating, the air furnace, thereby can improve the absorption to beam energy.Although but promote the method for laser energy absorption can solve the problem of laser absorption rate with oxide layer, brought again and tried hard to the problem of doing one's utmost to avoid, i.e. the slag inclusion problem of oxide in the another one aluminum alloy welding termination process.The oxide-film of aluminium alloy has very high fusing point (Al
2O
3Fusing point is about 2050 ℃, and the MgO fusing point is about 2500 ℃), and the density of oxidation film density and aluminium approaches.This means in the process of welding aluminum alloy, add that the cooling velocity of aluminium is fast, be easy to cause slag inclusion, form weld defect.The conflicting laser weld that affects of these two problems is in the application of field of aluminum alloys.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for above two conflicting problems, a kind of method for laser welding slag inclusion and that improve aluminium alloy laser absorptance of avoiding is provided, the method can improve laser absorption rate can avoid slag inclusion again.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of method for laser welding of avoiding slag inclusion to improve aluminium alloy laser absorptance comprises that step is as follows:
(1) part that will weld aluminium alloy cleans, except degrease and oxide-film;
(2) anodic oxidation is carried out at the position that will weld, obtained the porous membrane of thickness 0.2-3 μ m;
(3) under anodised environment, apply backward voltage and processed 1-3 minute, obtain the effect that perforated membrane separates with body portion;
(4) oxide-film being carried out deep colour dyeing processes;
(5) carrying out drying after the dyeing processes;
(6) apply the masking liquid of removing oxide-film in the part that will weld;
(7) laser weld.
Above-mentioned steps (1) is unless the middle oxide-film of removing can adopt alkali lye cleaning and machinery etc.
The phosphoric acid oxidation technology is adopted in anodic oxidation described in the step (2), in the phosphoric acid of 150-300g/L, and 25 ± 3 ℃, current density 1.1-1.6A/dm
2, oxidization time 1-10 minute.
Preferred black-dyeing is processed in the described dyeing of step (4), the dyestuff that can adopt comprises nigrosine, acid black (ATT), acetic acid blue-black etc., and typical concentration is at 5-20g/L, and temperature is different according to the dyestuff of choosing, between room temperature to 70 ℃, time 2-15 minute.
The described employing hair-dryer of step (5) dries up.
The described masking liquid of step (6) is the mixture of chloride, fluoride and solvent, and its preferred mass parts ratio consists of 30-60 part KCl, 20-40 part NaCl, 10-20 part LiCl
3, 10-12 part NaF is deployed into scattered paste shape with proper amount of acetone.(these chlorides are insoluble to acetone, and the effect of acetone is similar to water, but can rapid draing, and per 100 gram chlorofluorides are allocated with 200 milliliters of-500 milliliters of acetone.）
The described laser weld of step (7) adopts common process, for the test plate (panel) of thickness of slab 2-5mm, can select CO
2The welding of device laser instrument or welding solid laser.Select CO
2Gas laser, power bracket be at 2KW-4KW, sweep speed 100mm-300mm per minute; When using solid state laser, power 600w-2000W, sweep speed 100mm-300mm per minute.
By the reverse making alive 1-3 of the sample of anodized minute, its objective is oxide-film that reduction has formed and the bond strength (apply for a long time backward voltage and can obtain the effect that film is peeled off) of matrix with, prepare for the welding of avoiding next step is mingled with; Because the oxide-film that obtains is because very thin, very slight color is further done dyeing and is processed; Apply the solvent of removing oxide-film at welding portion before the laser weld, in welding process, can effectively avoid oxide-film to enter the molten bath and form slag inclusion.The present invention at first disposes the oxide-film of original aluminum alloy surface densification, then form the perforated membrane of several micron thickness with anodizing, and dye to process and improve laser absorption, in laser weld, cooperate suitable solvent to reach and remove the effect that oxide-film obtains the good welds joint.
What the present invention adopted is that phosphoric acid anodizing obtains perforated membrane, from the dense oxidation film of self-assembling formation the different of essence are arranged, at first the existence of the porous in the perforated membrane can greatly change the diffuse scattering of light, raising is to the absorption efficiency of laser, can also be favourable by effective dyeing in the short time when processing for dyeing in addition, namely obtain the effect of thin layer dark film; After carrying out reverse polarization, greatly reduced the bond strength of anode oxide film and matrix in addition, be convenient under the effect of solvent, peel off with the molten bath, avoided entering the molten bath and form slag inclusion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pattern of the embodiment of the invention 1 gained welding product weld;
Fig. 2 is Comparative Examples 1 Product jointing place pattern, and power is respectively 3KW from right to left, 3.5KW and 4KW;
Fig. 3 is Comparative Examples 2 Product jointing place patterns (cross section when power is 3.5KW).
The specific embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Select 5083 aluminium sheets as materials to be welded.
(1) with cleaning with acetone again behind angle grinding machine or the metallic brush removal surface film oxide;
(2) in phosphoric acid solution, carry out anodic oxidation, 250g/L phosphoric acid, 25 ℃, current density 1.2A/dm
2, oxidization time 5 minutes;
(3) voltage with step (2) carried out reversal connection 3 minutes;
(4) to the oxide-film of specimen surface with the nigrosine processing of dyeing, concentration is 10g/L, room temperature, dyeing time is 5 minutes;
(5) process with hair-dryer is dry;
(6) apply the solvent of removing oxide-film welded picking out, the weight proportion of solvent is 50%KCl, 28%NaCl, 12%LiCl
3, 10%NaF.Be coated on soldered place with acetone;
(7) then use CO
2Gas laser welds, and power bracket is at 2.5KW, sweep speed 200mm per minute.
Fig. 1 is spot diameter 3mm, the fusion penetration that utilizes this method to obtain when power is 2.5Kw, and fusion penetration is approximately 2 millimeters.And for bright and clean aluminium alloy, if when not adopting any processing, laser is inswept surface even can't see the vestige that burns produces without fusion penetration.
Embodiment 2:
Select 5083 aluminium sheets as materials to be welded.
(1) with cleaning with acetone again behind angle grinding machine or the metallic brush removal surface film oxide;
(2) in phosphoric acid solution, carry out anodic oxidation, 280g/L phosphoric acid, 25 ℃, current density 1.5A/dm
2, oxidization time 4 minutes;
(3) voltage with step (2) carried out reversal connection 2 minutes;
(4) to the oxide-film of specimen surface with the nigrosine processing of dyeing, concentration is 15g/L, room temperature, dyeing time is 4 minutes;
(5) process with hair-dryer is dry;
(6) apply the solvent of removing oxide-film welded picking out, the weight proportion of solvent is 52%KCl, 26%NaCl, 11%LiCl
3, 11%NaF.Be coated on soldered place with acetone;
(7) then use CO
2Gas laser welds, and power bracket is at 3.5KW, sweep speed 300mm per minute.
Embodiment 3:
Select 5083 aluminium sheets as materials to be welded.
(1) with cleaning with acetone again behind angle grinding machine or the metallic brush removal surface film oxide;
(2) in phosphoric acid solution, carry out anodic oxidation, 290g/L phosphoric acid, 25 ℃, current density 1.6A/dm
2, oxidization time 4 minutes;
(3) voltage with step (2) carried out reversal connection 3 minutes;
(4) to oxide-film with the acid black processing of dyeing, concentration is 17g/L, room temperature, dyeing time is 4 minutes;
(5) process with hair-dryer is dry;
(6) apply the solvent of removing oxide-film welded picking out, the weight proportion of solvent is 45%KCl, 30%NaCl, 15%LiCl
3, 10%NaF.Be coated on soldered place with acetone;
(7) then weld with solid state laser, laser power is 1Kw, sweep speed 250mm per minute.
Comparative Examples 1: as a contrast, Fig. 2 is the same not treated employing of aluminium sheet CO
2The situation of gas laser welding penetration, power from right to left is respectively 3KW, 3.5KW and 4KW, spot diameter 3mm, sweep speed is the 200mm per minute.When surface finish is extremely bright, substantially there is not the molten bath to form, only can see the slight vestige that burns.
Comparative Examples 2: same aluminium sheet is used CO after adopting the air furnace oxidation
2Gas laser welding, absorptance is improved, but still undesirable, and 3KW only can see and burn vestige, and 3.5KW obtains intermittent weld, just can obtain suitable fusion penetration welding bead when power reaches 4KW, but pore and being mingled with is seriously seen Fig. 3.
Claims (4)
1. a method for laser welding of avoiding the raising aluminium alloy laser absorptance of slag inclusion is characterized in that, comprises that step is as follows:
(1) part that will weld aluminium alloy cleans, except degrease and oxide-film;
(2) anodic oxidation is carried out at the position that will weld, obtained the porous membrane of thickness 0.2-3 μ m;
(3) under anodised environment, apply backward voltage and processed 1-3 minute, reduce the adhesion of perforated membrane and matrix;
(4) oxide-film being carried out deep colour dyeing processes;
(5) carrying out drying after the dyeing processes;
(6) apply the masking liquid of removing oxide-film in the part that will weld;
(7) laser weld.
2. a kind of method for laser welding of avoiding the raising aluminium alloy laser absorptance of slag inclusion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the phosphoric acid oxidation technology is adopted in the anodic oxidation described in the step (2), in the phosphoric acid of 150-300g/L, 25 ± 3 ℃, current density 1.1-1.6A/dm
2, oxidization time 1-10 minute.
3. a kind of method for laser welding of avoiding the raising aluminium alloy laser absorptance of slag inclusion according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described dyeing of step (4) is treated to black-dyeing and processes, and the dyestuff of employing is nigrosine, acid black or acetic acid blue-black.
4. a kind of method for laser welding of avoiding the raising aluminium alloy laser absorptance of slag inclusion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described masking liquid of step (6) is the mixture of chloride, fluoride and solvent, its mass parts ratio consists of 30-60 part KCl, 20-40 part NaCl, 10-20 part LiCl
3, 10-12 part NaF adopts acetone to be modulated into scattered paste shape.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105499812A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-04-20 | 常州英诺激光科技有限公司 | Method for increasing laser processing quality of ceramic radiating substrate |
| CN110301074A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2019-10-01 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Optical module |
| CN115548589A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-30 | 楚能新能源股份有限公司 | Bus bar for battery module and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105499812A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-04-20 | 常州英诺激光科技有限公司 | Method for increasing laser processing quality of ceramic radiating substrate |
| CN110301074A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2019-10-01 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Optical module |
| CN110301074B (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2022-05-31 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Optical module |
| CN115548589A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-30 | 楚能新能源股份有限公司 | Bus bar for battery module and preparation method thereof |
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