CN102893776A - Cultivation and nitrogen-phosphorus pollution prevention and control method of bare slope - Google Patents
Cultivation and nitrogen-phosphorus pollution prevention and control method of bare slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN102893776A CN102893776A CN2011102169152A CN201110216915A CN102893776A CN 102893776 A CN102893776 A CN 102893776A CN 2011102169152 A CN2011102169152 A CN 2011102169152A CN 201110216915 A CN201110216915 A CN 201110216915A CN 102893776 A CN102893776 A CN 102893776A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation and nitrogen-phosphorus pollution prevention and control method of a bare slope. The method comprises the following steps: plowing the bare slope to be cultivated; determining a seeding row for crops to be cultivated on the plowed bare slope; trenching along the direction of the seeding row to get a seeding furrow; and sequentially applying a base fertilizer, seeds of the crops to be cultivated and a polymer regulator in the seeding furrow. When the method provided by the invention is used for plowing the bare slope, compared with the method of singly planting the crops without application of the fertilizer, the yield of the crops and the 100-seed weight can be improved, and total nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0-60cm of soil as well as the produced surface runoff total nitrogen can be reduced; and when the method provided by the invention is used for plowing the bare slope, compared with the conventional method of planting the crops with application of the fertilizer, the yield of the crops has no significant difference (alpha=0.05), the 100-seed weight is slightly improved, the available phosphorus in the 0-60cm of soil can be greatly reduced, and the produced surface runoff total nitrogen and the ammonia nitrogen content can be also reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivating and the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution preventing control method of a kind of exposed hillside fields, belong to the hillside fields utilization of resources and ecological management field.
Background technology
The arable land is very important land resources, is the carrier of agricultural ecosystem, and its basic function is the production function.State Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Land and Resources and relevant scholar's investigation all show, China's arable area reduces (Lu Yan day by day, the flat .1986-2007 Chinese arable land of Cui Yan area spatio-temporal change analysis [J]. Xinyang Normal College's journal: natural science edition, 2010,23 (2): 245-249).The hillside fields refers to the soil of the gradient more than certain threshold value (varying in different localities); and the hillside fields resource namely refers to supply these soils (Xu Feng of agricultural use; Cai Qiangguo; Wu Shuan. the forestry management [J] in the hillside fields utilization of resources protection. area study and exploitation; 1999; 18 (2): 66-68.), it is important land resources, and development and use hillside fields resource is human very important goods and materials sources.China is a man of many mountain countries, and the mountain region area accounts for 2/3 of area, and hillside fields resource distribution area is wide.The hillside fields resource is not only the major part that consists of China's farm land resource, but also is the important factor in order of ambient stable.Having scholar's research to show, is 1519t/ (km in arid hillside field plantation millet sediment production in a usual manner
2A), loss (the Zheng Fenli of the soil nutrients such as certain nitrogen of following simultaneously, phosphorus, potassium, Shi Ruiyun. the dry sloping-land large level ditch planting is on the impact [J] of nutrient loss and crop yield. the water and soil conservation circular, 1998,18 (7): 15-18), carry out traditional farming district at purple soil slope larger by the full nitrogen loss total amount of rainwash and silt migration, the full nitrogen number of dropouts of rainwash in rainy season is about 16.32t/km
2(Yang Hongwei, Zhang Jianqiang, Tang Jialiang, Xu Chuanjun, Ding Derong. water and soil and nutrient loss behavioral characteristics [J] under the different cropping patterns of purple soil slope. Chinese Ecological Agriculture journal, 2008,16 (3): 615-619).Rationally utilize exposed hillside fields resource can alleviate to plough and reduce the crop production reduction pressure that brings, have again certain pollution prevention meaning.
At present, domestic utilization to exposed hillside fields, the north mostly is farming, herd, woodss etc. are main, utilize the hillside fields to carry out in the agricultural tillage activity, because excessive fertilization produces nitrogen phosphorus nutrient loss report is arranged all, how the control measure of carrying out for nitrogen and phosphorus loss are by optimum organization cropping pattern (Yang Hongwei, Zhang Jianqiang, Tang Jialiang, Xu army of wound, Ding Derong. water and soil and nutrient loss behavioral characteristics [J] under the different cropping patterns of purple soil slope. the Chinese Ecological Agriculture journal, 2008,16 (3): 615-619, Zheng Fenli, Shi Ruiyun. the dry sloping-land large level ditch planting is on the impact [J] of nutrient loss and crop yield. the water and soil conservation circular, 1998,18 (7): 15-18) or returning farmland to grassland (Ningde is rich, Huang Bizhi. the hillside fields difference utilizes mode to Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus, the impact research [J] of potassium. Yunnan Prov Agriculture University's journal, 2006,21 (1): 61-65) etc. mode realizes, although these patterns can obtain certain effect, but all exist farming and management process complicated, the defective of comparatively taking a lot of work, and also should not unify control when producing damage by disease and insect.The patent of the nitrogen and phosphorus loss control aspect of cultivating about Slopeland Agriculture has no report at home, has only reported the method for preventing and treating of natural vegetation hillside water and soil loss just like Patents such as CN 1264534A.Learnt by above analysis, there is no at present and a kind ofly manage good method simple, the saving of labor and realize environmentally friendly agricultural use to exposed hillside fields, the north.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide cultivating and the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution preventing control method of a kind of exposed hillside fields, the method can effectively utilize the hillside fields resource can control nitrogen and phosphorus pollution again.
Cultivating and the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution preventing control method of a kind of exposed hillside fields provided by the invention comprises the steps: to be turned in exposed hillside fields to be cultivated; Determine the sowing row of crop to be cultivated in the exposed slope after turning over; Ditch along described sowing line direction and to obtain seed furrow; In described seed furrow, apply fertilizer to the subsoil successively, seed and the macromolecule conditioning agent of crop to be cultivated.
In the above-mentioned method, described crop can be drought-enduring field crop, specifically can be corn.
In the above-mentioned method, the position of sowing of the seed of crop described to be cultivated will be in a side of described base fertilizer application position, avoids seed directly to contact with base fertilizer and burns seedling.
In the above-mentioned method, described macromolecule conditioning agent can be polyacrylamide, specifically can be anion-polyacrylamide or non-ionic polyacrylamide; The consumption of described macromolecule conditioning agent can be 15g/m
2-30g/m
2, such as 20g/m
2
In the above-mentioned method, the molecular weight of described macromolecule conditioning agent can be 1,000 ten thousand-1,800 ten thousand.
In the above-mentioned method, the gradient in described exposed hillside fields can be 10 °-13 °.
In the above-mentioned method, described sowing row is along the contour direction in described exposed hillside fields.
In the above-mentioned method, described base fertilizer can be nitrogen phosphorus potassium base fertilizer, such as diammonium phosphate, potassium sulphate etc.
In the above-mentioned method, described method also can comprise to the step of described exposed hillside fields organic fertilizer through turning over before described trench digging, has certain fertility with exposed hillside fields to be cultivated before guaranteeing to cultivate.
In the above-mentioned method, described fertilizer can be chicken manure, cow dung or other organic commercial fertilizers.
After the above-mentioned method, manage according to conventional method, if such as the too dry lack of water of weather before emerging, need in time water and keep the skin wet, carry out thinning, final singling at suitable time after emerging, guarantee that crop to be cultivated grows according to required spacing in the rows, suitable time routinely consumption topdress; Gather in the crops harvest time.
Use method provided by the invention to cultivate in exposed hillside fields, compare with applying fertilizer list kind crop not, crop yield and 100-grain weight all increase, 0～60cm total soil nitrogen and available phosphorus, and the rainwash total nitrogen that produces all decreases; Use method provided by the invention to cultivate in exposed hillside fields, compare with conventional fertilizer application kind plant, crop yield is without significant difference (α=0.05), 100-grain weight slightly is improved, 0～60cm soil available phosphorus has by a relatively large margin decline, and the rainwash total nitrogen of generation, ammonia-nitrogen content all decrease.The macromolecule conditioning agent use the soil moisture that has not only improved crop root zone, and effectively regulated soil compactness, thereby improved the crop rhizosphere environment, for plant growth provides good condition, be the major reason that becomes to making crop yield to improve.The macromolecule conditioning agent also can increase soil aggregate quantity, forms certain colloidal substance, increases soil porosity and infiltration capacity, thereby has improved soil structure, postpones the runoff yield time, reduces rainwash and soil erosion amount; Swelling when meeting moisture, the macromolecule conditioning agent that is manured into soil occurs, this moment, a large amount of nutrients entered in the conditioning agent structure, the release of little molecule nitrogen is by the micropore diffusion of conditioning agent, and this has created good condition so that nitrogen is comparatively slow to the soil rate of release for crop fully absorbs nitrogen; Because the metal ion on macromolecule conditioning agent and soil particle surface reacts, compete, covered the part adsorption site position of soil surface to the phosphorus element, reduced the absorption of soil to the phosphorus element, soil surface can reduce in addition, also cause soil to the minimizing of phosphorus element absorption, for crop provides the nutrition of more phosphorus element.The generation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the rainwash has all been cut down in above-mentioned three aspects, and the while has also promoted the efficient utilization of crop to nitrogen phosphorus, is to realize utilizing output increased and the basis of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus pollution under the exposed hillside field tillage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of field trial in the embodiment of the invention 2, and each mark is as follows among the figure: 1 experimental plot, 2 water legs, 3 gutters, 4 water gaging devices.
Fig. 2 is Different treatments 100-grain weight population mean contrast figure in the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 3 is WSC processing mode and control treatment mode 0～60cm total soil nitrogen mean value compare figure in the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 4 is Different treatments 0～60cm soil available phosphorus average contrast figure in the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 5 is WSC processing mode and conventional treatment mode runoff total nitrogen content comparison diagram in the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 6 is WSC processing mode and conventional treatment mode runoff ammonia-nitrogen content comparison diagram in the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 7 is WSC processing mode and conventional treatment mode runoff solubility total nitrogen content comparison diagram in the embodiment of the invention 2.
Embodiment
Employed experimental technique is conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.
Used material, reagent etc. if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels among the following embodiment.
Embodiment 1, exposed hillside fields corn are cultivated and the using of nitrogen and phosphorus loss prevention and control conditioning agent
Choose in the corn single 28 and be kind of a plant, front 4 days of date of seeding to the whole ground of turning over, exposed hillside fields, use organic commercial fertilizer according to the consumption of 1t/ mu.Exposed hillside fields water furrow planting after 4 days after turning over obtains the sowing row along contour direction trench digging, determines line-spacing 60cm; Take chemical fertilizer diammonium phosphate and potassium sulphate as base fertilizer, amount of application is respectively diammonium phosphate 17.5kg/ mu, and potassium sulphate 20kg/ mu behind the trench digging applies base fertilizer, afterwards sowing, and the sowing position will be in a side of base fertilizer application position, then with 13.3kg/ mu (20g/m
2) consumption apply particle high molecular polymer anion-polyacrylamide (molecular weight is 1,700 ten thousand), earthing is looked soil moisture content according to conventional method and is taken the circumstances into consideration to water; Imposed urea according to 25kg/ mu consumption in after planting the 44th day, the 132nd day results.
Embodiment 2, exposed hillside fields corn are cultivated the field trial of using with nitrogen and phosphorus loss prevention and control conditioning agent
Field trial is collectd town's sloping arable land runoff plots in May, 2009 to September the Miyun county in Beijing Grand Tutor and is carried out, and the residential quarter be artificial the construction, and low side has the runoff collecting function, and (4m * 9m), the gradient is about 13 ° to residential quarter area 36m2, and layout is seen Fig. 1.
Guarantee that the runoff of each experimental plot 1 flows to water leg 2, then flows to water gaging device 4 by gutter 3 when having agricultural run-off to produce when precipitation or after irrigating; Test is corn (middle list 28) for studying thing; Cultivate according to the method among the embodiment 1, process being designated as WSC; Control treatment is set simultaneously, and (processing is designated as CK, maize planting on arable land, exposed slope, but do not use chemical base fertilizer and macromolecule conditioning agent polyacrylamide, do not topdress) and conventional fertilizer application is processed, and (processing is designated as CT, maize planting on arable land, exposed slope, fertilizer amount comprises chemical base fertilizer and the fertilizer that appends with the fertilizer amount among the embodiment 1), each processes triplicate, the same Routine Management of all the other field management.Measure corn yield after the results, take back the laboratory species test and measure the seed 100-grain weight, measure 0～60cm total soil nitrogen, available phosphorus, behind the larger precipitation of each generation, get the rainwash water sample, measure the water quality index such as water body total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and soluble nitrogen phosphorus.
The corn yield that adds the processing of macromolecule conditioning agent has raise 3.3% than the control treatment corn yield, and the seed 100-grain weight that adds the processing of macromolecule conditioning agent has then raise 18.5% than control treatment seed 100-grain weight, as shown in Figure 2; 0～60cm total soil nitrogen of adding the processing of macromolecule conditioning agent has totally reduced by 6.4% than the control treatment total soil nitrogen, as shown in Figure 3; 0～60cm the soil available phosphorus that adds the processing of macromolecule conditioning agent has reduced by 44.2% than the control treatment soil available phosphorus, as shown in Figure 4; The rainwash total nitrogen content that adds macromolecule conditioning agent processing generation produces the runoff total nitrogen content than control treatment and has reduced by 31.4%, as shown in Figure 5.
Add corn yield and the conventional fertilizer application of the processing of macromolecule conditioning agent and process corn yield without significant difference (α=0.05), the seed 100-grain weight that adds the processing of macromolecule conditioning agent has then raise 2.1% than conventional fertilizer application processing seed 100-grain weight, as shown in Figure 2; 0～60cm the soil available phosphorus that adds the processing of macromolecule conditioning agent has reduced by 63.0% than conventional fertilizer application processing soil available phosphorus, as shown in Figure 4; The rainwash total nitrogen content that adds macromolecule conditioning agent processing generation produces the runoff total nitrogen content than the conventional fertilizer application processing and has reduced by 20.5%, as shown in Figure 5; The rainwash ammonia-nitrogen content that adds macromolecule conditioning agent processing generation produces the runoff ammonia-nitrogen content than the conventional fertilizer application processing and has reduced by 39.7%, as shown in Figure 6; The rainwash solubility total nitrogen content that adds macromolecule conditioning agent processing generation produces runoff solubility total nitrogen content than the conventional fertilizer application processing and has reduced by 28.4%, as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (8)
1. cultivating and the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution preventing control method of an exposed hillside fields comprises the steps: to be turned in exposed hillside fields to be cultivated; Determine the sowing row of crop to be cultivated in the exposed slope after turning over; Ditch along described sowing line direction and to obtain seed furrow; In described seed furrow, apply fertilizer to the subsoil successively, seed and the macromolecule conditioning agent of crop to be cultivated.
2. the method for cultivating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described macromolecule conditioning agent is polyacrylamide; The consumption of described macromolecule conditioning agent is 15g/m
2-30g/m
2
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the molecular weight of described macromolecule conditioning agent is 1,000 ten thousand-1,800 ten thousand.
4. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-3 is characterized in that: the gradient in described exposed hillside fields is 10 °-13 °.
5. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-4 is characterized in that: described sowing row is along the contour direction in described exposed hillside fields.
6. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-5 is characterized in that: described base fertilizer is nitrogen phosphorus potassium base fertilizer.
7. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-6 is characterized in that: described method also comprises to the step of described exposed hillside fields organic fertilizer through turning over before described trench digging.
8. arbitrary described method according to claim 1-7 is characterized in that: described crop is corn.
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Citations (4)
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| JP2007289060A (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-11-08 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | Manuring method in potato cultivation |
| CN101390470A (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2009-03-25 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of red-layer sand slime stone interbeded slope wounded surface artificial soil |
| CN102127455A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-07-20 | 西南大学 | Method for improving sandy soil |
-
2011
- 2011-07-29 CN CN2011102169152A patent/CN102893776A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1402966A (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2003-03-19 | 于得志 | Container afforestation method and pick for mountain land |
| JP2007289060A (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-11-08 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | Manuring method in potato cultivation |
| CN101390470A (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2009-03-25 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of red-layer sand slime stone interbeded slope wounded surface artificial soil |
| CN102127455A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-07-20 | 西南大学 | Method for improving sandy soil |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 夏海江等: "聚丙烯酰胺防治水土流失适宜用量试验研究", 《吉林水利》, no. 10, 31 October 2009 (2009-10-31) * |
| 庄文化: "高分子保水剂农业应用研究进展", 《农业工程学报》, vol. 23, no. 6, 30 June 2007 (2007-06-30), pages 265 - 270 * |
| 杜尧东等: "聚丙烯酰胺防治坡地水土流失田间试验研究", 《水土保持学报》, vol. 14, no. 3, 30 September 2000 (2000-09-30) * |
| 柴文晴: "聚丙烯酰胺对紫色土水土保持影响试验研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》, no. 10, 8 September 2009 (2009-09-08) * |
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Application publication date: 20130130 |