CN102892976B - 离心压缩机 - Google Patents

离心压缩机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102892976B
CN102892976B CN201180019510.8A CN201180019510A CN102892976B CN 102892976 B CN102892976 B CN 102892976B CN 201180019510 A CN201180019510 A CN 201180019510A CN 102892976 B CN102892976 B CN 102892976B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
impeller
turbine
impulse turbine
turbine machine
compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201180019510.8A
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English (en)
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CN102892976A (zh
Inventor
G·戴维
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Cypress power Pte Ltd
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Cypress Power Pte Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2010901115A external-priority patent/AU2010901115A0/en
Application filed by Cypress Power Pte Ltd filed Critical Cypress Power Pte Ltd
Publication of CN102892976A publication Critical patent/CN102892976A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102892976B publication Critical patent/CN102892976B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/18—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines without stationary working-fluid guiding means
    • F01D1/22—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines without stationary working-fluid guiding means traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D13/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
    • F01D13/02—Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/12—Combinations with mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/04—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for specific purposes other than heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/10—Closed cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F02C3/045—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor having compressor and turbine passages in a single rotor-module
    • F02C3/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor having compressor and turbine passages in a single rotor-module the compressor and the turbine being of the radial flow type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F04B47/02—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level
    • F04B47/04—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level the driving means incorporating fluid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F04D25/045—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven the pump wheel carrying the fluid driving means, e.g. turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/053—Shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/266—Rotors specially for elastic fluids mounting compressor rotors on shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/442—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps rotating diffusers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/445—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/447—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps rotating diffusers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05D2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05D2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05D2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclical, planetary or differential type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

一种离心压缩机，其包括具有输入驱动器的叶轮，所述叶轮具有定位在所述叶轮周缘周围以便由离开所述叶轮的气体进行驱动的脉冲涡轮机，所述涡轮机的输出部联接至所述叶轮的驱动器。

Description

离心压缩机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种离心压缩机。
背景技术
通过使用高速旋转的叶轮来运行离心压缩机，其中离心力使得气体被压缩。在该种类型的压缩机中，气体以非常高的速度离开叶轮。随着该气体减速，该能量转化成热量因此造成与叶轮顶端相距短距离处的温度升高至很高的温度。该热量通常损失到大气中并且因此降低了压缩机的总效率。
这些问题促进了本发明的产生。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，在此提供了一种离心压缩机，其包括具有输入驱动器的叶轮，所述叶轮具有定位在所述叶轮周缘周围以便由离开所述叶轮的气体所驱动的脉冲涡轮机，所述涡轮机的输出部联接至所述叶轮的驱动器。
优选地，定子定位在所述叶轮的出口和所述涡轮机之间以对退离的气体进行重新定向。
在优选的实施方式中，使用双行星齿轮箱来驱动所述叶轮。
附图说明
现在，仅以实例的方式参考下列附图对本发明的实施方式进行描述，其中：
图1是离心压缩机的实施方式的横截面图；
图2是压缩机的外部立体图；
图3是压缩机内部的立体图；
图4是显示了压缩机驱动线的立体图；
图5是显示了涡轮机驱动线的立体图；并且
图6是与两级涡轮机相结合的离心压缩机的组件的侧面正视图，其中壳体被去除，
图7是所述组件的端部正视图，
图8是沿着图6的X-X线呈现的组件的横截面图，
图9是从一个端部观察到的组件的立体图，并且
图10是从另一个端部观察到的组件的立体图。
具体实施方式
如图1至3所示，压缩机10包括带有中央气体入口12和切向的出口13的压缩机外罩11。压缩机包括带叶片的叶轮20，该带叶片的叶轮20通过双行星齿轮箱50进行驱动。外壳30将齿轮箱50连接至压缩机外罩11。图2中示出了这些零件的外部图，并且图3示出了移除覆盖物的相同零件的立体图。图3显示出叶轮轮叶的周缘与定子40相连通，该定子40则将退离的气体重新定向至安装在压缩机外部的脉冲涡轮机60。脉冲涡轮机具有输出驱动联接器65，其将电力供给到行星齿轮箱50中以辅助压缩机叶轮20的驱动。
在图1和图4及5中更加详细的示出了压缩机10的驱动和涡轮机与压缩机的关系以及将压缩机驱动回行星齿轮箱的细节，其中图1是压缩机10的横截面图，并且图4和图5分别是压缩机驱动线和涡轮机驱动线的立体图。
已知当气体从离心压缩机中的叶轮20中离开的时候，该气体的速度是非常高的。将这些气体减速会造成温度的急剧升高，其中离开温度通常达到300℃。该热量通常损失在大气中或者通过冷却器而损失，并且因此降低了压缩机的总效率。本发明的目的在于控制离开的速度以驱动脉冲涡轮机60，从而保证离开的气体保持在尽可能最低的温度下，同时维持压力以便压缩机能够担负起其作为压缩机的职责。在减速阶段中退离气体在有机会转化成热量之前，涡轮机在高速度退离气体中提取能量。
为此，定子40定位在毗邻压缩机10的出口蜗壳25处，以将退离气体重新导向，该退离气体然后供给到周缘地安装在压缩机外部周围的脉冲涡轮机60。脉冲涡轮机60具有输出轴61，该输出轴61然后供给到压缩机的双行星齿轮箱50，从而将由涡轮机60产生的能量用于辅助驱动压缩机10。涡轮机60的气体出口实际上变成了压缩机的出口，所述气体在所需的高压下和低于平常大约60％的较低工作温度下离开。通过减少热量损失来提高效率。
如图1所示出，齿轮箱包括支撑着一对同轴间隔的固定的环形齿轮52、53的外罩，每一个该环形齿轮52、53都与三个等距间隔的行星齿轮81、82、83相啮合，而该行星齿轮81、82、83与中央的太阳齿轮84或85相啮合。第一环形齿轮51的行星齿轮81、82、83安装在轴86上(该轴86的轴颈连接至第一行星架88)，并且第二环形齿轮52的行星齿轮安装在轴86上(该轴86的轴颈连接至第二行星架89)。安装在轴95上的太阳齿轮84驱动第二组行星齿轮81、82、83的行星架。主齿轮51的行星齿轮81、82、83被由外部所驱动的中空驱动轴90所驱动。次级齿轮85被行星齿轮81、82、83所驱动并且与主驱动轴96相联接，该主驱动轴96延伸穿过所述外壳，并且具有安装在其上的叶轮20。
叶轮20在壳体中以高速度旋转，该壳体限定了出口蜗壳25。空气经过压缩机前面的中央孔隙21而被拉入并且随着叶轮20的高速度旋转而被离心压缩以从压缩机出口蜗壳25排出。所述出口蜗壳所具有的离开高度在尺寸上减少了大约三分之二，以进一步增加输出速度并且减少出口温度。
涡轮机60是脉冲涡轮机，其包括毗邻叶轮叶片21的顶端而设置的定子40，以将气流的方向重新导向至一系列安装在中空输出轴61上的涡轮机叶片。
次级行星齿轮行星架89由涡轮机60的输出轴61驱动，从而输出轴对固定的环形齿轮53周围的三个等距定位的行星齿轮81、82、83进行驱动，行星齿轮驱动中央的太阳齿轮85，该中央的太阳齿轮85安装在主驱动轴96上以驱动叶轮20。涡轮机60的输出轴61与压缩机的输入轴96同轴运行，并且独立运行以与环形联接器63相联接，该环形联接器63则驱动次级齿轮组的行星齿轮行星架89。
涡轮机叶片位于压缩机出口蜗壳25内，因此压缩气体在离开涡轮机之后穿过压缩机出口13而被排放。压缩机10在将氮气压缩成液体当中特别有用并且以6-10:1之间的压缩比运转。行星齿轮箱的比例介于3-7:1之间，并且出口气体的温度明显低于往常。涡轮机排放口超速驱动次级齿轮组的太阳齿轮85，因此对压缩机的输入驱动器96提供帮助。行星齿轮组的齿速比的可调整性保证了涡轮机60和以固定比维持的叶轮20之间的正确比率。将涡轮机60设计成在与叶轮20相比大幅度降低的速度下行进，从而使得来自叶轮的被减速的离开气体来驱动涡轮机。
可以理解的是，在压缩机的驱动器(其可以为电动、汽油或柴油发动机)之间，也可以引入主行星齿轮组，以保证其与传统驱动发动机的兼容性并且提供叶轮所需的高速度。
在第二实施方式中，作为与脉冲涡轮机60相关联的压缩机的离心压缩机10与两级主涡轮机100相联接，从而限定图6至10中所示的驱动组件(单元)，在该图6-10中大多数的外壳体已经移除。该两级主涡轮机100包括毗邻于定子91的第一涡轮机转子90和毗邻于第二定子93的第二涡轮机转子92。气体通过整流罩94而从主涡轮机离开。涡轮机100的输出轴101穿过脉冲涡轮机60和离心压缩机10的中央而到达主输出轴150。轴101驱动压缩机10的叶轮20。参考第一实施方式所描述的行星齿轮箱50用于保证来自脉冲涡轮机轴和主涡轮机轴的驱动全部供给到主输出轴150，同时还对压缩机进行驱动。图6以侧面正视图示出了驱动单元；图7是该单元的正视图。图8是示出驱动单元、并且尤其是行星齿轮箱50的横截面图。图9和10是从相对的端部的该单元的等距视图。
该驱动单元由主涡轮机100、离心压缩机10和脉冲涡轮机60的组合组成，且能够以各种方法来使用。
电力的产生经常是通过使用闭合循环运转的蒸汽涡轮机来实现的，或者较少是通过开放循环气体涡轮机来实现。这些涡轮机的效率在传统上很低并且发电站将热量和二氧化碳通过冷却塔和排放烟囱而排放到大气中。
驱动单元能够用于生产电力。主涡轮机100直接联接至离心压缩机10，以使得涡轮机输出的气体供给到离心压缩机10中。工作气体是空气。脉冲或废能量回收发电涡轮机60安装在毗邻于如图1至5的实施方式中所描述的离心压缩机的叶轮轮叶的周缘，并且脉冲涡轮机60的输出气体通过换热器来供给。主涡轮机100的输出轴101和脉冲(废能量回收发电)涡轮机60的输出轴61和压缩机10的输入轴11全部被齿轮啮合以驱动主输出轴150，该主输出轴150则驱动交流发电机(未示出)以产生电力。通过一系列的齿轮并通过轴来驱动主涡轮机的输出轴101，从而驱动驱动减速齿轮来驱动交流发电机产生电力。通过这种方式，交流发电机通过主涡轮机100的输出部以及与离心压缩机10相关联的废能量回收发电涡轮机60的输出部而被驱动。
以上描述的系统使用来自蒸汽涡轮机冷凝器的热量，以对与压缩机10相关联的废能量回收发电涡轮机60的离开气体进行加热。
同样的系统也能够用于使用蒸汽涡轮机100来产生电力。该单元有效地代替了蒸汽涡轮机闭合循环中传统使用的冷凝器和供给泵。
蒸汽涡轮机循环还可以用于与气体涡轮机相关联。
使用相同的压缩和废能量回收发电系统的多级压缩机能够将温度和压力提升到非常高的输出，从而达到蒸汽涡轮机的正常压力和温度。随着用于蒸汽涡轮机的现有技术能够达到高达92％或更高的效率，总体输出量能够高达80％。
在相同的原理中，替代使用来自蒸汽的潜伏热的能量(通过换热器或冷凝器)，冷凝气体的潜伏热能够用于换热器中以在上述种类的涡轮机/压缩机单元中产生电能。使用氮气和氖气两者作为工作气体进行循环。这些单元特别有用于生产液化气产品或用于将空气分离成其气态成分的空气分离单元中。在这两种工业中，气体的液化是关键构成部分。
在以下的权利要求和本发明之前的说明书中，除了内容上需要由于表达语言或所必须的暗示之外，单词“包括”或诸如“包括有”或“包括了”的变型为包含的意思，即具体指明了存在所陈述的特征，但是并没有排除本发明各种实施方式中另外的特征的存在或者添加。

Claims (5)

1.一种离心压缩机，其包括具有进气口和出口的叶轮，所述叶轮具有输入驱动器，所述叶轮具有临近所述出口定位在所述叶轮周缘周围的脉冲涡轮机，所述脉冲涡轮机驱动输出轴，所述脉冲涡轮机由离开所述叶轮的高速气体进行驱动，其中所述叶轮具有多个径向叶轮叶片，并被配置成使得脉冲涡轮机在离开叶轮叶片的高速度气体中的能量转化为热量之前提取该能量，其中进入脉冲涡轮机的气体压力在脉冲涡轮机的出口处保持不变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的离心压缩机，其中所述脉冲涡轮机输出轴辅助所述叶轮的输入驱动器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的离心压缩机，其中在所述脉冲涡轮机的输出轴与所述叶轮的输入驱动器之间插置有齿轮箱。
4.根据权利要求1所述的离心压缩机，其中所述脉冲涡轮机的输出轴联接至驱动所述叶轮的双行星齿轮箱。
5.根据权利要求1所述的离心压缩机，其中在所述叶轮的出口和所述脉冲涡轮机入口之间设有定子，以对退离的气体进行重新定向。
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