CN102890739B - Stress removing and reinforcing method used for steel construction truss - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于建筑物钢桁架的应力卸除加固方法，其特征在于：依次有以下步骤：1)检测建筑物钢桁架实际受力状态；2)建立钢桁架计算模型，计算建筑物钢桁架理论受力状态；3)分析建筑物钢桁架实际受力状态与理论受力状态误差；4)以实测的实际受力状态为基准修正钢桁架计算模型；5)采用修正后的钢桁架计算模型进行仿真实验；6)进行可实施的最优钢桁架应力卸除加固方案设计；7)编制钢桁架应力卸除加固施工图；8)进行钢桁架应力卸除加固施工；9)监测钢桁架应力卸除施工过程。本发明方法的与现有技术相比的有益效果是：无需大型施工机械设备，无需卸载，保留原有结构，施工量小，材料用量少，施工简便，费用低廉，加固效果好。
The invention discloses a stress relief and reinforcement method for building steel trusses, which is characterized in that: the following steps are sequentially performed: 1) detecting the actual stress state of building steel trusses; 2) establishing a steel truss calculation model to calculate the 3) Analyze the error between the actual stress state and the theoretical stress state of the building steel truss; 4) Correct the steel truss calculation model based on the measured actual stress state; 5) Use the corrected steel truss 6) Carry out the design of the optimal steel truss stress relief and reinforcement scheme; 7) Compile the steel truss stress relief and reinforcement construction drawing; 8) Conduct the steel truss stress relief and reinforcement construction; 9) Monitoring Steel truss stress relief construction process. Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention has the advantages of no need for large-scale construction machinery and equipment, no need for unloading, the original structure is retained, the construction amount is small, the material consumption is small, the construction is simple, the cost is low, and the reinforcement effect is good.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及应力卸除加固，特别是涉及一种用于建筑物钢桁架的应力卸除加固方法。The invention relates to stress relief and reinforcement, in particular to a stress relief and reinforcement method for building steel trusses.
背景技术 Background technique
包括钢屋架、钢托架和行车梁在内的钢桁架，在荷载、变形、位移和环境等因素的作用下，极易产生杆件翘曲、偏斜、变形和扭曲，致使其承载能力下降，稳定性变差，甚至失稳倒塌。现有常用的钢桁架加固纠偏方法主要有两种，一种是在负荷状态下加固，不需要卸除作用在钢桁架上的负荷，加固难度较小，施工最简便，工作量最小，但是，要求原结构的承载力应有不少于20％的富余，且构件未有严重的损伤或严重的变形，否则难以达到加固效果。另一种是在卸载全部负荷状态下加固或在卸载部分负荷状态下加固，卸载全部负荷状态下加固，适用于结构损坏或变形严重或原结构构件的承载能力过小，不宜就地补强的钢桁架；卸载部分负荷状态下加固，适用于结构损伤或变形较严重的钢桁架、构件的应力很高的钢桁架、补强施工必须临时削弱承受很大应力的构件及连接的钢桁架，其缺陷是加固工程量较大，费用较高，工期较长，而且卸载全部或部分负荷直接影响生产的正常进行，有时停产损失比加固费用还大，特别是当钢桁架杆件变形较大，存在平面外变形时，纠偏效果不理想。Steel trusses, including steel roof trusses, steel brackets, and driving beams, are prone to warping, deflection, deformation, and twisting of members under the effects of load, deformation, displacement, and environmental factors, resulting in a decrease in their bearing capacity , the stability deteriorates, and even loses stability and collapses. There are two main ways to strengthen and rectify steel trusses that are commonly used at present. One is to strengthen under load without removing the load acting on the steel truss. The reinforcement is less difficult, the construction is the easiest, and the workload is the smallest. However, It is required that the bearing capacity of the original structure should have a surplus of not less than 20%, and the components are not seriously damaged or deformed, otherwise it is difficult to achieve the reinforcement effect. The other is to reinforce under the state of unloading the full load or under the state of unloading part of the load, and reinforce under the state of unloading the full load, which is suitable for structural damage or serious deformation or the bearing capacity of the original structural members is too small to be reinforced in situ Steel truss: Reinforcement under partial load unloading, suitable for steel trusses with serious structural damage or deformation, steel trusses with high component stress, and reinforcement construction must temporarily weaken the components and connected steel trusses that bear a large stress. The disadvantage is that the amount of reinforcement work is large, the cost is high, the construction period is long, and the unloading of all or part of the load directly affects the normal production. When out-of-plane deformation, the deflection correction effect is not ideal.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是弥补上述现有技术的缺陷，提供一种用于建筑物钢桁架的应力卸除加固方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to make up for the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a stress relief and reinforcement method for building steel trusses.
本发明的技术问题通过以下技术方案予以解决。The technical problems of the present invention are solved by the following technical solutions.
这种用于建筑物钢桁架的应力卸除加固方法的特点是：The characteristics of this method of stress relief and reinforcement for building steel trusses are:
依次有以下步骤：There are the following steps in order:
1)检测建筑物钢桁架实际受力状态1) Detect the actual stress state of the steel truss of the building
在负荷状态下采用开槽法逐个检测被加固建筑物钢桁架的各个杆件的应力测点在加固前的实际受力状态，所述实际受力状态包括实际应力值和应力方向，为分析判断隐患产生的原因以及建立钢桁架计算模型提供依据，避免设计钢桁架应力卸除加固方案的盲目性；Under the load state, the slotting method is used to detect the actual stress state of the stress measuring points of each member of the steel truss of the reinforced building before reinforcement. The actual stress state includes the actual stress value and stress direction, which is for analysis and judgment. The causes of hidden dangers and the establishment of steel truss calculation models provide a basis to avoid blindness in the design of steel truss stress relief and reinforcement schemes;
2)建立钢桁架计算模型，计算建筑物钢桁架理论受力状态2) Establish a steel truss calculation model to calculate the theoretical stress state of the building steel truss
采用SUPERSAP结构分析软件三维有限元分析方法，建立钢桁架计算模型，模拟钢桁架在实际荷载条件下的受力状态，计算钢桁架的各个杆件和包括应力测点的节点的理论应力值、应力方向和位移变形值；Using the three-dimensional finite element analysis method of SUPERSAP structural analysis software, establish a steel truss calculation model, simulate the stress state of the steel truss under actual load conditions, and calculate the theoretical stress values and stresses of each member of the steel truss and nodes including stress measurement points Direction and displacement deformation values;
3)分析建筑物钢桁架实际受力状态与理论受力状态误差3) Analyze the error between the actual stress state and the theoretical stress state of the steel truss of the building
分析步骤1)的检测结果是否存在误差？如果检测结果存在误差，重复步骤1)；Is there any error in the detection result of analysis step 1)? If there is an error in the test result, repeat step 1);
在消除步骤1)的检测结果存在误差的前提下，对比步骤1)的检测结果和步骤2)的计算结果，计算二者的误差，分析产生误差的原因，包括所述钢桁架计算模型是否正确？On the premise of eliminating the error in the detection result of step 1), compare the detection result of step 1) and the calculation result of step 2), calculate the error of the two, analyze the cause of the error, including whether the calculation model of the steel truss is correct ?
4)以实测的实际受力状态为基准修正钢桁架计算模型4) Correct the steel truss calculation model based on the measured actual stress state
考虑钢桁架空间作用的影响、支座位移和变形的影响、温度应力的影响、杆件变形的影响、杆件刚度的影响，修正钢桁架计算模型的相应参量，直至步骤2)的计算结果与步骤1)的检测结果相等，使钢桁架计算模型符合钢桁架的实际工作状况；Considering the influence of steel truss space effect, the influence of support displacement and deformation, the influence of temperature stress, the influence of member deformation and the influence of member stiffness, the corresponding parameters of the calculation model of steel truss are corrected until the calculation results of step 2) and The detection results of step 1) are equal, so that the steel truss calculation model meets the actual working conditions of the steel truss;
5)采用修正后的钢桁架计算模型进行仿真实验5) Use the revised steel truss calculation model to conduct simulation experiments
模拟卸除一根或多根钢桁架杆件的内力，使其钢桁架各杆件和节点的应力应变重新分布，采用修正后的钢桁架计算模型进行仿真实验，确定入选的最优的应力卸除加固方案，以纠正杆件偏斜、消除杆件变形、减小薄弱杆件内力、提高钢桁架承载能力；Simulate the removal of the internal force of one or more steel truss members to redistribute the stress and strain of each member and node of the steel truss, and use the revised steel truss calculation model to conduct simulation experiments to determine the selected optimal stress relief. In addition to the reinforcement scheme, to correct the deflection of the member, eliminate the deformation of the member, reduce the internal force of the weak member, and improve the bearing capacity of the steel truss;
6)进行可实施的最优钢桁架应力卸除加固方案设计6) Carry out the design of the optimal steel truss stress relief and reinforcement scheme that can be implemented
所述最优的应力卸除加固方案设计，包括杆件应力卸除方法和顺序、临时支撑安置方法、应力应变监控点选取、施工过程监控、加固补强措施、增设杆件安置、施工安全系数、施工难易程度、工程量、结构稳定性评定，以及加固效果评定；The design of the optimal stress relief and reinforcement scheme includes stress relief method and sequence of rods, temporary support placement method, selection of stress and strain monitoring points, construction process monitoring, reinforcement and reinforcement measures, additional rod placement, and construction safety factor , Construction difficulty, engineering quantity, structural stability evaluation, and reinforcement effect evaluation;
7)编制钢桁架应力卸除加固施工图7) Prepare construction drawings for stress relief and reinforcement of steel trusses
参照国家标准或规范编制钢桁架应力卸除法加固施工图；Refer to national standards or norms to prepare steel truss reinforcement construction drawings by stress relief method;
8)进行钢桁架应力卸除加固施工8) Carry out steel truss stress relief and reinforcement construction
依据编制的钢桁架应力卸除加固施工图，搭设工作平台，在钢桁架两端增设稳定的临时支撑，预留足够的安全系数，确保应力卸除过程的绝对安全，再去除需要应力卸除的杆件，在杆件应力重新分布完成，并达到设计要求后，立即增补加固杆件，再拆除临时支撑，防止结构失稳；According to the prepared steel truss stress relief and reinforcement construction drawing, set up the working platform, add stable temporary supports at both ends of the steel truss, reserve enough safety factor to ensure the absolute safety of the stress relief process, and then remove the stress relief. For the rods, after the stress redistribution of the rods is completed and the design requirements are met, the rods shall be reinforced immediately, and then the temporary supports shall be removed to prevent the structure from being unstable;
9)监测钢桁架应力卸除施工过程9) Monitoring the construction process of steel truss stress relief
依据编制的钢桁架应力卸除加固施工图以及步骤5)的实验结果，制定钢桁架应力卸除施工过程监测方案，采用工作正常、读数稳定可靠的应力应变测试系统对钢桁架应力卸除施工的整个过程进行监控，以保证应力卸除、杆件加固达到设计的要求。According to the prepared steel truss stress relief and strengthening construction drawing and the experimental results of step 5), a monitoring plan for the steel truss stress relief construction process is formulated, and a stress-strain test system with normal operation and stable and reliable readings is used to monitor the steel truss stress relief construction. The whole process is monitored to ensure that the stress relief and rod reinforcement meet the design requirements.
本发明的技术问题通过以下进一步的技术方案予以解决。The technical problems of the present invention are solved by the following further technical solutions.
所述步骤1)的开槽法是在杆件应变测点粘贴电阻应变片，采用机械方法在电阻应变片两端开槽，槽的深度为槽间距的0.3～0.4倍，使杆件应变测点处局部应力获得完全释放，即解除杆件应变测点周围的约束，使电阻应变片产生弹性恢复变形，测量开槽前后应变释放值，由下式计算出杆件应变测点的实际应力值：σ＝-E·ε；式中：σ：杆件应变测点的实际应力值；ε：开槽前后应变释放值；E：弹性模量。The slotting method of the step 1) is to paste the resistance strain gauge at the strain measuring point of the rod, and mechanically groove the two ends of the resistance strain gauge. The local stress at the point is completely released, that is, the constraints around the strain measuring point of the rod are released, so that the resistance strain gauge produces elastic recovery deformation, the strain release value before and after slotting is measured, and the actual stress value of the strain measuring point of the rod is calculated by the following formula : σ＝-E·ε; where: σ: the actual stress value of the bar strain measuring point; ε: the strain release value before and after slotting; E: elastic modulus.
所述步骤2)的钢桁架计算模型是考虑结构的空间作用的计算模型，其参量包括模拟钢桁架计算简图、作用在钢桁架上的荷载条件、节点变形条件和约束条件、支座变形条件和约束条件。The steel truss calculation model in the step 2) is a calculation model considering the spatial effect of the structure, and its parameters include a simulated steel truss calculation diagram, load conditions acting on the steel truss, node deformation conditions and constraint conditions, and support deformation conditions and constraints.
所述步骤2)的SUPERSAP结构分析软件是包括网格划分、自动建模、图形显示及后处理的三维有限元分析系统，用于结构的静力分析、动力分析、非线性分析及热传导分析。The SUPERSAP structural analysis software in step 2) is a three-dimensional finite element analysis system including grid division, automatic modeling, graphic display and post-processing, used for static analysis, dynamic analysis, nonlinear analysis and heat conduction analysis of the structure.
所述步骤5)的仿真实验，是在室内计算机上模拟钢桁架的应力卸除加固的全过程，替代现场或实验室进行多个钢桁架应力卸除加固方案的与实际尺寸相等的足尺寸仿真实验。The simulation experiment of step 5) is to simulate the whole process of stress relief and reinforcement of steel trusses on the indoor computer, instead of carrying out a full-scale simulation of multiple steel truss stress relief and reinforcement schemes equal to the actual size on site or in the laboratory experiment.
所述足尺寸仿真实验根据工程的具体情况制定，所述具体情况包括钢桁架的结构形式、跨度、变形损伤严重程度、现场施工条件、载荷大小，所述足尺寸仿真实验包括卸除钢桁架不同的杆件、观察杆件应力卸除后的钢桁架应力应变重新分布情况，以及比较不同的应力卸除加固方案对钢桁架承载能力的改善程度。The full-scale simulation experiment is formulated according to the specific conditions of the project, and the specific conditions include the structural form, span, deformation and damage severity, on-site construction conditions, and load size of the steel truss. The full-scale simulation experiment includes removing steel trusses. To observe the stress-strain redistribution of the steel truss after the stress is relieved, and to compare the improvement of the steel truss bearing capacity by different stress relief and reinforcement schemes.
所述步骤5)的最优的应力卸除加固方案，不仅是承载能力差的薄弱杆件应力应变减少最多、承载能力提高最大、且其余的所有杆件的承载力都满足现行国家规范要求的应力卸除加固方案，而且是满足现场施工条件要求、应力卸除加固方案切实可行、施工难度相对较小、工程量相对较小、加固效果好、安全性高、能保证现场施工人员和设备的安全，以及费用相对较少的应力卸除加固方案。The optimal stress relief and reinforcement scheme in step 5) not only reduces the stress and strain of the weak members with poor bearing capacity the most, improves the bearing capacity the most, and the bearing capacity of all other members meets the requirements of the current national standards The stress relief and reinforcement plan, and it meets the requirements of the site construction conditions, the stress relief and reinforcement plan is feasible, the construction difficulty is relatively small, the engineering volume is relatively small, the reinforcement effect is good, the safety is high, and the on-site construction personnel and equipment can be guaranteed. Safe, and relatively inexpensive stress relief reinforcement solutions.
所述步骤7)的国家标准或规范，包括中国工程建设标准化协会《钢结构加固技术规范》、《钢桁架检验及验收标准》、《钢结构设计规范》，以及《钢结构工程施工规范》。The national standards or norms of step 7) include "Technical Specifications for Steel Structure Reinforcement", "Steel Truss Inspection and Acceptance Standards", "Steel Structure Design Specifications", and "Steel Structure Engineering Construction Specifications" of China Engineering Construction Standardization Association.
所述步骤7)的钢桁架应力卸除法加固施工图，包括钢桁架杆件卸除施工图、钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除前后的应力应变重新分布图、钢桁架应力卸除施工过程监测图、钢桁架临时支撑施工图，以及钢桁架补强加固施工图。Step 7) steel truss stress relief method reinforcement construction drawing, including steel truss member removal construction drawing, steel truss each member before and after stress relief stress strain redistribution diagram, steel truss stress relief construction process monitoring diagram , steel truss temporary support construction drawings, and steel truss reinforcement reinforcement construction drawings.
所述步骤9)的钢桁架应力卸除施工过程监测方案，包括钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除前的应力应变测试、钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除过程中的应力应变监测，以及钢桁架应力卸除加固效果评价。The steel truss stress unloading construction process monitoring scheme of the step 9), including the stress-strain test before the stress unloading of each member of the steel truss, the stress-strain monitoring during the stress unloading process of each member of the steel truss, and the stress of the steel truss. Evaluation of the removal and reinforcement effect.
所述钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除前的应力应变测试，是在负荷状态下采用开槽法逐个检测被加固建筑物钢桁架的各个杆件的应力测点在加固前的实际应力值和应力方向。The stress-strain test of each member of the steel truss before the stress is unloaded is to detect the actual stress value and stress of the stress measuring points of each member of the steel truss of the reinforced building one by one before reinforcement by using the slotting method under the load state. direction.
所述钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除过程中的应力应变监测，是依据钢桁架计算机模拟模型仿真实验结果，绘制钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除前后的应力应变理论计算值的重新分布图。The stress-strain monitoring in the stress relief process of each member of the steel truss is based on the simulation experiment results of the steel truss computer simulation model to draw a redistribution diagram of the stress-strain theoretically calculated values before and after stress relief of each member of the steel truss.
所述钢桁架应力卸除加固效果评价，包括对比钢桁架应力卸除前后的应力应变的理论计算值重新分布图与钢桁架应力卸除前后的应力应变实测值的重新分布图，以二者是否相符作为评价钢桁架应力卸除加固达到设计要求的依据。The evaluation of the steel truss stress removal and reinforcement effect includes comparing the redistribution diagram of the theoretically calculated stress-strain values before and after the steel truss stress removal with the redistribution diagram of the stress-strain measured values before and after the steel truss stress removal, and whether the two are The conformity is used as the basis for evaluating the steel truss stress relief and strengthening to meet the design requirements.
所述步骤9)对钢桁架应力卸除施工的整个过程进行监控，是在钢桁架各个杆件上布置应力应变监测点，对施工过程进行全过程监控，记录杆件应力卸除过程中应力应变的变化值，填写应力应变监测记录表格，绘制钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除前后的应力应变实测值的重新分布图，监测钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除是否达到设计要求。The step 9) monitors the whole process of steel truss stress unloading construction, which is to arrange stress and strain monitoring points on each bar of the steel truss, monitor the whole process of the construction process, and record the stress and strain during the stress unloading process of the bar Fill in the stress-strain monitoring record form, draw the redistribution diagram of the measured stress-strain values before and after stress relief of each member of the steel truss, and monitor whether the stress relief of each member of the steel truss meets the design requirements.
本发明的用于建筑物钢桁架的应力卸除加固方法与现有技术相比的有益效果是：无需大型施工机械设备，无需卸载，保留原有结构，施工量小，材料用量少，施工简便，费用低廉，加固效果好。Compared with the prior art, the stress relief and reinforcement method for building steel trusses of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: no need for large-scale construction machinery and equipment, no need for unloading, the original structure is retained, the construction amount is small, the amount of materials used is small, and the construction Simple, low cost, good reinforcement effect.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明具体实施方式的天窗架和屋架的结构形式图；Fig. 1 is the structural form figure of skylight frame and roof truss of the specific embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明具体实施方式的屋架及上弦支撑布置图；Fig. 2 is a roof truss and upper chord support layout diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明具体实施方式的天窗架各个杆件在负荷作用下的实测内力值和受力方向图。Fig. 3 is a diagram of measured internal force values and force direction of each rod of the sunroof frame under load according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施方式并对照附图对本发明进行说明。The present invention will be described below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
一种如图1～3所示的某炼钢主厂房的钢桁架应力卸除加固施工方法，主厂房系四连跨厂房，中间两跨为钢桁架屋架结构、混凝土大型屋面板，中列柱上方设有天窗架，建成投产后，80％的天窗架主斜杆出现明显的平面外弯曲变形，最大弯曲变形侧移量达170mm，并有明显的压屈特征。A steel truss stress relief and reinforcement construction method for a steelmaking main factory building as shown in Figures 1 to 3. The main factory building is a four-span factory building, and the middle two spans are steel truss roof truss structures, large concrete roof panels, and middle columns There is a skylight frame on the top. After it is completed and put into production, 80% of the main oblique rods of the skylight frame have obvious out-of-plane bending deformation, and the maximum bending deformation lateral displacement reaches 170mm, and has obvious buckling characteristics.
具体实施方案依次有以下步骤：Concrete implementation scheme has following steps successively:
1)检测建筑物钢桁架实际受力状态，为分析判断隐患产生的原因以及建立钢桁架计算模型提供依据，避免设计钢桁架应力卸除加固方案的盲目性，在负荷状态下采用开槽法逐个检测被加固建筑物钢桁架的各个杆件的应力测点在加固前的实际应力值和应力方向，开槽法的具体实施是在杆件应变测点粘贴电阻应变片，杆件应变测点布置在杆件中间、角钢的两个尖端，采用机械方法在电阻应变片两端开槽，槽的深度为2mm，是槽间距5mm的0.4倍，使杆件应变测点处局部应力获得完全释放，即解除杆件应变测点周围的约束，使电阻应变片产生弹性恢复变形，测量开槽前后应变释放值，由下式计算出杆件应变测点的实际应力值：σ＝-E·ε；式中：σ：杆件应变测点的实际应力值；ε：开槽前后应变释放值；E：弹性模量；1) Detect the actual stress state of the steel truss of the building, provide a basis for analyzing and judging the causes of hidden dangers and establish a steel truss calculation model, avoid blindness in the design of steel truss stress relief and reinforcement schemes, and adopt the slotting method one by one under the load state Detect the actual stress value and stress direction of the stress measuring points of each member of the steel truss of the reinforced building before reinforcement. The specific implementation of the slotting method is to paste resistance strain gauges at the strain measuring points of the members, and arrange the strain measuring points of the members In the middle of the bar and at the two tips of the angle steel, grooves are made at both ends of the resistance strain gauge by mechanical means. The depth of the groove is 2mm, which is 0.4 times the groove spacing of 5mm, so that the local stress at the strain measuring point of the bar is completely released. That is to release the constraints around the strain measuring point of the rod, so that the resistance strain gauge produces elastic recovery deformation, measure the strain release value before and after slotting, and calculate the actual stress value of the strain measuring point of the rod by the following formula: σ=-E·ε; In the formula: σ: the actual stress value of the strain measuring point of the bar; ε: the strain release value before and after slotting; E: elastic modulus;
计算出的杆件应变测点的实际应力值见图3，相应的依据钢桁架计算模型计算出的理论计算值在图3中括号内，图中杆件的应力值已换算为杆件的内力值，单位为kN；The calculated actual stress value of the strain measuring point of the member is shown in Figure 3, and the corresponding theoretical calculation value calculated based on the steel truss calculation model is shown in the brackets in Figure 3, and the stress value of the member in the figure has been converted into the internal force of the member value, the unit is kN;
2)建立考虑结构的空间作用的钢桁架计算模型，其参量包括模拟钢桁架计算简图、作用在钢桁架上的荷载条件、节点变形条件和约束条件、支座变形条件和约束条件，采用包括网格划分、自动建模、图形显示及后处理的三维有限元分析系统的SUPERSAP结构分析软件三维有限元分析方法，建立钢桁架计算模型，模拟钢桁架在实际荷载条件下的受力状态，计算钢桁架的各个杆件和节点的理论应力值、应力方向和位移变形值；2) Establish a steel truss calculation model considering the spatial effect of the structure. Its parameters include the simulated steel truss calculation diagram, load conditions acting on the steel truss, node deformation conditions and constraint conditions, and support deformation conditions and constraint conditions. Mesh division, automatic modeling, graphic display and post-processing 3D finite element analysis system SUPERSAP structural analysis software 3D finite element analysis method, establish a steel truss calculation model, simulate the stress state of the steel truss under actual load conditions, and calculate The theoretical stress value, stress direction and displacement and deformation value of each member and node of the steel truss;
3)分析建筑物钢桁架实际受力状态与理论受力状态误差3) Analyze the error between the actual stress state and the theoretical stress state of the steel truss of the building
分析步骤1)的检测结果是否存在误差？如果检测结果存在误差，重复步骤1)；Is there any error in the detection result of analysis step 1)? If there is an error in the test result, repeat step 1);
在消除步骤1)的检测结果存在误差的前提下，对比步骤1)的检测结果和步骤2)的计算结果，计算二者的误差，分析产生误差的原因，包括钢桁架计算模型是否正确？最终找出误差产生的原因是：原设计未考虑天窗架与屋架共同工作；On the premise of eliminating the error in the test result of step 1), compare the test result of step 1) with the calculation result of step 2), calculate the error between the two, and analyze the cause of the error, including whether the calculation model of the steel truss is correct? The cause of the error was finally found out: the original design did not consider the joint work of the skylight frame and the roof frame;
4)以实测的实际受力状态为基准修正钢桁架计算模型4) Correct the steel truss calculation model based on the measured actual stress state
考虑钢桁架空间作用的影响、支座位移和变形的影响、温度应力的影响、杆件变形的影响、杆件刚度的影响，修正钢桁架计算模型的相应参量，直至步骤2)的计算结果与步骤1)的检测结果相等，使钢桁架计算模型符合钢桁架的实际工作状况；Considering the influence of steel truss space effect, the influence of support displacement and deformation, the influence of temperature stress, the influence of member deformation and the influence of member stiffness, the corresponding parameters of the calculation model of steel truss are corrected until the calculation results of step 2) and The detection results of step 1) are equal, so that the steel truss calculation model meets the actual working conditions of the steel truss;
5)在室内计算机上采用修正后的钢桁架计算模型进行模拟钢桁架的应力卸除加固的全过程，替代现场或实验室进行多个钢桁架应力卸除加固方案的与实际尺寸相等的足尺寸仿真实验；5) Use the revised steel truss calculation model on the indoor computer to simulate the whole process of stress relief and reinforcement of steel trusses, replacing the full size of multiple steel truss stress relief and reinforcement schemes on site or in the laboratory that is equal to the actual size Simulation;
模拟卸除一根或多根钢桁架杆件的内力，使其钢桁架各杆件和节点的应力应变重新分布，采用修正后的钢桁架计算模型进行足尺寸仿真实验，足尺寸仿真实验根据钢桁架的结构形式、跨度、变形损伤严重程度、现场施工条件、载荷大小，所述足尺寸仿真实验包括卸除钢桁架不同的杆件、观察应力卸除后的钢桁架应力应变重新分布情况制定，以及比较不同的应力卸除加固方案对钢桁架承载能力的改善程度，确定入选的最优的应力卸除加固方案，以纠正杆件偏斜、消除杆件变形、减小薄弱杆件应力、提高钢桁架承载能力；Simulate the removal of the internal force of one or more steel truss members to redistribute the stress and strain of each member and node of the steel truss, and use the corrected steel truss calculation model to carry out full-scale simulation experiments. The full-scale simulation experiments are based on steel The structural form, span, deformation and damage severity of the truss, on-site construction conditions, and load size. The full-scale simulation experiment includes removing different members of the steel truss and observing the stress-strain redistribution of the steel truss after the stress is removed. And compare the improvement degree of different stress relief and reinforcement schemes on the bearing capacity of steel trusses, and determine the selected optimal stress relief and reinforcement schemes to correct the deflection of the members, eliminate the deformation of the members, reduce the stress of weak members, and improve Steel truss bearing capacity;
确定入选的最优的应力卸除加固方案是：卸去天窗架主斜杆的应力，调整天窗架各杆件的受力状态，纠正已屈曲的主斜杆平面外变形，增补腹杆加固的方案，不仅是承载能力差的薄弱杆件应力应变减少最多、承载能力提高最大、且其余的所有杆件的承载力都满足现行国家规范要求的应力卸除加固方案，而且是满足现场施工条件要求、应力卸除加固方案切实可行、施工难度相对较小、工程量相对较小、加固效果好、安全性高、能保证现场施工人员和设备的安全，以及费用相对较少的应力卸除加固方案；The selected optimal stress relief and reinforcement plan is: remove the stress of the main oblique rod of the skylight frame, adjust the stress state of each member of the skylight frame, correct the out-of-plane deformation of the buckled main oblique rod, and supplement the reinforcement of the web rod. The scheme not only reduces the stress and strain of the weak members with poor bearing capacity the most, improves the bearing capacity the most, and the bearing capacity of all other members meets the requirements of the current national standards, but also meets the requirements of site construction conditions. , The stress relief and reinforcement scheme is practical, the construction difficulty is relatively small, the engineering volume is relatively small, the reinforcement effect is good, the safety is high, the safety of the construction personnel and equipment on site can be guaranteed, and the stress relief and reinforcement scheme is relatively small in cost ;
仿真实验找出天窗架主斜杆平面外弯曲变形产生的原因是：天窗架主斜杆原设计为零杆，而现场实测结果主斜杆实际为压杆，并已大大超过欧拉临界力，从而造成主斜杆平面外弯曲变形；The simulation experiment found out that the reason for the out-of-plane bending deformation of the main oblique rod of the skylight frame is that the main oblique rod of the skylight frame was originally designed as a zero rod, but the actual measurement results showed that the main oblique rod is actually a compression rod, which has greatly exceeded the Euler critical force. As a result, the out-of-plane bending deformation of the main inclined rod is caused;
6)进行可实施的最优钢桁架应力卸除加固方案设计6) Carry out the design of the optimal steel truss stress relief and reinforcement scheme that can be implemented
所述最优的应力卸除加固方案设计，包括应力卸除方法和顺序、临时支撑安置方法、应力应变监控点选取、施工过程监控、加固补强措施、增设杆件安置、施工安全系数、施工难易程度、工程量、结构稳定性评定，以及加固效果评定；The design of the optimal stress relief and reinforcement scheme includes stress relief methods and sequences, temporary support placement methods, selection of stress and strain monitoring points, construction process monitoring, reinforcement and reinforcement measures, placement of additional rods, construction safety factor, construction Difficulty, engineering quantity, structural stability evaluation, and reinforcement effect evaluation;
7)编制钢桁架应力卸除加固施工图7) Prepare construction drawings for stress relief and reinforcement of steel trusses
参照包括中国工程建设标准化协会《钢结构加固技术规范》、《钢桁架检验及验收标准》、《钢结构设计规范》，以及《钢结构工程施工规范》的国家标准或规范，编制包括钢桁架杆件卸除施工图、钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除前后的应力应变重新分布图、钢桁架卸除施工过程监测图、钢桁架临时支撑施工图，以及钢桁架补强加固施工图的钢桁架应力卸除法加固施工图；With reference to the national standards or specifications including "Technical Specifications for Steel Structure Reinforcement", "Steel Truss Inspection and Acceptance Standards", "Steel Structure Design Specifications", and "Steel Structure Engineering Construction Specifications" by China Engineering Construction Standardization Association, the preparation includes steel truss rods Construction drawing of component removal, stress-strain redistribution diagram of steel truss members before and after stress removal, monitoring diagram of steel truss removal construction process, construction diagram of temporary support of steel truss, and steel truss stress of steel truss reinforcement construction diagram Reinforcement construction drawing by removal method;
8)进行钢桁架应力卸除加固施工8) Carry out steel truss stress relief and reinforcement construction
依据编制的钢桁架应力卸除加固施工图，搭设工作平台，在钢桁架两端增设稳定的临时支撑，预留足够的安全系数，确保应力卸除过程的绝对安全，再去除需要应力卸除的杆件，在杆件应力重新分布完成，并达到设计要求后，立即增补加固杆件，再拆除临时支撑，防止结构失稳；According to the prepared steel truss stress relief and reinforcement construction drawing, set up the working platform, add stable temporary supports at both ends of the steel truss, reserve enough safety factor to ensure the absolute safety of the stress relief process, and then remove the stress relief. For the rods, after the stress redistribution of the rods is completed and the design requirements are met, the rods shall be reinforced immediately, and then the temporary supports shall be removed to prevent the structure from being unstable;
9)监测钢桁架应力卸除施工过程9) Monitoring the construction process of steel truss stress relief
依据编制的钢桁架应力卸除加固施工图以及步骤5)的实验结果，制定包括钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除前的应力应变测试、钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除过程中的应力应变监测，以及钢桁架应力卸除效果评价的钢桁架应力卸除施工过程监测方案，采用工作正常、读数稳定可靠的应力应变测试系统对钢桁架应力卸除施工的整个过程进行监控，以保证应力卸除、杆件加固达到设计的要求；According to the prepared steel truss stress relief reinforcement construction drawing and the experimental results of step 5), formulate the stress-strain test including the stress-strain test of each member of the steel truss before stress relief, and the stress-strain monitoring during the stress relief process of each member of the steel truss, As well as the steel truss stress relief construction process monitoring plan for the evaluation of the steel truss stress relief effect, the stress-strain testing system with normal operation and stable and reliable readings is used to monitor the entire process of the steel truss stress relief construction to ensure stress relief, The rod reinforcement meets the design requirements;
钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除前的应力应变测试，是在负荷状态下采用开槽法逐个检测被加固建筑物钢桁架的各个杆件的应力测点在加固前的实际应力值和应力方向；The stress-strain test of each member of the steel truss before the stress is unloaded is to detect the actual stress value and stress direction of the stress measuring points of each member of the steel truss of the reinforced building one by one before reinforcement by using the slotting method under the load state;
钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除过程中的应力应变监测，是依据钢桁架计算机模拟模型仿真实验结果，绘制钢桁架各个杆件卸除前后的应力应变理论计算值的重新分布图；The stress-strain monitoring during the stress unloading process of each member of the steel truss is based on the simulation experiment results of the computer simulation model of the steel truss, and draws the redistribution diagram of the stress-strain theoretical calculation value of each member of the steel truss before and after unloading;
钢桁架应力卸除效果评价，包括对比钢桁架应力卸除前后的应力应变的理论计算值重新分布图与钢桁架应力卸除前后的应力应变实测值的重新分布图，以二者是否相符作为评价钢桁架应力卸除达到设计要求的依据；Evaluation of the stress relief effect of the steel truss, including comparing the redistribution diagram of the theoretically calculated stress and strain values of the steel truss before and after stress relief with the redistribution diagram of the measured stress and strain values of the steel truss before and after stress relief, and evaluating whether they match The basis for stress relief of steel trusses to meet the design requirements;
对钢桁架应力卸除施工的整个过程进行监控，是在钢桁架各个杆件上布置应力应变监测点，对施工过程进行全过程监控，记录杆件应力卸除过程中应力应变的变化值，填写应力应变监测记录表格，绘制钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除前后的应力应变实测值的重新分布图，监测钢桁架各个杆件应力卸除加固是否达到设计要求。To monitor the whole process of steel truss stress relief construction is to arrange stress-strain monitoring points on each member of the steel truss, monitor the whole process of construction, record the change value of stress and strain in the process of stress relief of members, fill in Stress and strain monitoring record form, draw the redistribution diagram of the measured stress and strain values before and after the stress relief of each member of the steel truss, and monitor whether the stress relief and reinforcement of each member of the steel truss meets the design requirements.
本具体实施方法采用的“应力卸除加固方案”与传统的“更换天窗架”的固方案、“卸载天窗架屋面且将混凝土大型屋面板更换为轻型屋面板”的固方案相比较，优点是无需大型施工机械设备，无需卸载，保留原有天窗架和混凝土大型屋面板不变，施工量小，材料用量少，施工简便，费用低廉，加固效果好。Compared with the traditional "replacing the skylight frame" and "unloading the roof of the skylight frame and replacing the large concrete roof panel with a light roof panel", the "stress relief and reinforcement scheme" adopted in this specific implementation method has the following advantages: There is no need for large-scale construction machinery and equipment, no unloading, and the original skylight frame and large concrete roof panel remain unchanged. The construction volume is small, the material consumption is small, the construction is simple, the cost is low, and the reinforcement effect is good.
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下做出若干等同替代或明显变型，而且性能或用途相同，都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several equivalent substitutions or obvious modifications are made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the performance or use is the same, all should be regarded as belonging to the present invention by the submitted claims The scope of patent protection determined by the book.
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