CN102890291A - Self-adapting suppressing method for external source interference in seismic data - Google Patents
Self-adapting suppressing method for external source interference in seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- CN102890291A CN102890291A CN2012103805821A CN201210380582A CN102890291A CN 102890291 A CN102890291 A CN 102890291A CN 2012103805821 A CN2012103805821 A CN 2012103805821A CN 201210380582 A CN201210380582 A CN 201210380582A CN 102890291 A CN102890291 A CN 102890291A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-adapting suppressing method for external source interference in seismic data. The self-adapting suppressing method comprises the steps of: firstly, performing mean filtering to the seismic data, performing self-adapting location to the peak of each external source interference time distance curve; then, orderly performing the following steps to each peak: according to a mechanism model generated by the external source interference, scanning the external source interference time distance curve to obtain a relative distance of each external source interference and a detector; after performing same-phase alignment to the corresponding time distance curve, using median filtering to process the result after the same-phase alignment by segmented sampling point space sequence adjustment method, using data before sequence adjustment to subtract the filtering result after resetting according to the sequence adjustment rule, and orderly filling back to primary common-source point for gathering according to positions to finish external source interference suppression. The self-adapting suppressing method has self-adaptability; and compared with a conventional external source interference suppression algorithm, the self-adapting suppressing method has the advantages that the seismic data information with vast quantity of data is processed with high efficiency and the suppression effect is improved effectively. The self-adapting suppressing method can be widely applied to the technical field of seismic exploration to process the seismic data with complicatedly distributed external source interferences.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of undesired signal drawing method, particularly about a kind of for offshore seismic exploration, the geological data data of external source interference profile complexity is carried out the self-adaptation drawing method that external source is disturbed in the seismic data of disturbance suppression.
Background technology
Marine external source is disturbed and is referred to the interference that produced by near islands and reefs, irregular submarine structure, offshore platform and passing ships etc. in the seismic prospecting process at sea.Because external source undesired signal and earthquake source useful signal do not have obvious physical features difference, undesired signal frequency spectrum and useful signal spectrum overlapping, therefore can reduce to a great extent the seismic data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), affect the interpretation work of useful signal, and then reduce the probability of detection of hydrocarbon-bearing pool.For problems, traditional solution is to use linear filtering that geological data is processed at common-shot-gather: (Grasmueck is ground-penetrating radar applied to fracture imaging in gneiss.Geophysics M.3D as adopting F-K territory filtering, 1996,61 (4): 1050-1064); Perhaps by geological data is carried out frequency division, under the prerequisite of hypothesis external source undesired signal lineups local linear, utilize the Burg algorithm to estimate the interference wave inclination angle, it is suppressed (Tong Siyou, Xu Leilei, Cui Shuguo, etc. automatic identification and the compacting of the active interference of South Yellow Sea earthquake data prestack. Marine Geology is dynamic, 2008,24 (8): 14-19).Although the classic methods such as above-mentioned F-K territory filtering can realize external source is disturbed the terminal effective compacting that is close to the straight line portion noise of hyperbolic time distance curve both wings, thoroughly near the noise the filtering T-X curve summit.This has also just limited the range of application of these class methods.
In recent years, having the researchist to begin to pay close attention to disturbs the identification of lineups and local wave field separation to process (Manin M, Bonnot J N.Industrial and seismic noise removal in marine processing.55th Conference to external source; Exhibition, EAGE, Expanded Abstracts, 1993), its main flow process is the lineups by external source undesired signal in artificial or the machine automatic Picking seismic data, prolongs lineups and opens the time window and it is evened up that all there is same time length in each road.Data are through after rearranging, external source undesired signal T-X curve becomes horizontal linear, again because apparent velocity is different, useful signal still is curve, can use this moment linear filtering that external source is disturbed rejects, and then again flow back to original seismic data by extracting rule, obtain suppressing result (Fookes G, Warner C, Borselen R V.Practical interference noise elimination in modern marine data processing.73rd Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 2003:1905-1908).The method is a kind of half artificial disposal route, generally carry out manual location with visual software first, manually demarcating every several big guns on the basis of auxiliary point, carry out automatic search (Wang Tongkui by computing machine according to amplitude again, Lu Pengfei, Sun Ming. based on external source disturbance suppression method research .SPG/SEG Shenzhen 2011 international geophysical proceedings of scattering theory, 2011,698-701).Because these class methods must be based on disturbing effectively picking up of lineups to carry out to external source, and the order pick process adopts half artificial mode to realize mostly, so cost of labor is high, efficient is lower, is difficult to satisfy efficient and the strong compacting demand of self-adaptation.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of can be huge to data volume, and the self-adaptation drawing method that external source is disturbed in the seismic data efficiently processed of the geological data data of external source interference profile complexity.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: the self-adaptation drawing method that external source is disturbed in a kind of seismic data, and it may further comprise the steps:
1) geological data is carried out mean filter;
2) the mean filter result is carried out the energy screening, determine the lineups vertex position that each external source is disturbed;
3) extracting an external source of not yet suppressing disturbs the lineups summit to suppress:
3.1) scan the T-X curve that external source is disturbed, determine the wave detector R that external source is nearest with it
iActual distance d ';
3.2) window carried out lineups and evens up when the corresponding T-X curve of actual distance d ' was opened;
3.3) after will evening up through lineups the time data in the window according to the given length segmentation, after successively each section being carried out intertrace sequence regulation of seismic samples, again overall data is done medium filtering, the filtering result is deducted with the data before the accent order afterwards by transferring the order rule to reset, and fill out back successively in the original common-shot-gather by its position;
4) determining step 2) whether determined external source disturb the lineups summit all to suppress complete:
If not, return step 3);
Otherwise, finish.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, mean filter adopt the time window size less than geological data, window width when a is, b are window length, b＞2a.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, energy screening is that the sampled point that energy among the mean filter result is lower than given screening threshold value is all returned 0, and the geometric center of obtaining again the rudimental energy piece is defined as external source and disturbs the lineups summit.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, energy screening is that the sampled point that energy behind the mean filter is lower than set-point all is classified as 0, and the geometric center of Scan orientation rudimental energy piece is defined as external source and disturbs the lineups summit.
Above-mentioned steps 3.1) comprise following little step:
1. according to the following formula primary Calculation external source wave detector R nearest with it
iApart from d
i:
Wherein v is the velocity of propagation of seismic event in water, is constant; t
jFor removing wave detector R
iArbitrary wave detector R in addition
jThe time that the external source that the reception external source transmits is disturbed, it is worth by on-site measurement; h
iBy survey vessel is taken focus and wave detector R
iBetween distance, h
J-iBe wave detector R
jWith wave detector R
iBetween distance, h
iAnd h
J-iValue all disturb position, lineups summit to determine according to external source;
2. according to primary Calculation apart from d
iOrient the T-X curve that external source is disturbed, open a time window that each road is all had same time length along this moment apart from curve, this time ask for the average energy in the window, when the average energy is the strongest, corresponding external source and wave detector R
iBetween distance be external source to wave detector R
iActual distance d '.
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, and it has the following advantages:
1, therefore the present invention compares with traditional external source disturbance suppression algorithm, more efficiently the huge geological data data of deal with data amount because the adaptive lineups of employing pick up and the method processing seismic data of linear wave field separation.
2, therefore the present invention compares with traditional external source disturbance suppression algorithm because the employing lineups pick up the segmentation intertrace sequence regulation of seismic samples method medium filtering processing seismic data after evening up, and can effectively promote pressing result.
The present invention can be widely used in the seismic exploration technique field, processes the geological data that external source is disturbed complex distributions.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is workflow schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is mathematical model schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the raw data schematic diagram that external source is disturbed that contains of emulation experiment effect of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the compacting result schematic diagram of emulation experiment effect of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that the external source that is pressed removal of emulation experiment effect of the present invention is disturbed schematic diagram.
Embodiment
In the prior art, mean filter be a kind of can the filtering narrow pulse interference, data are played the nonlinear filtering of smoothing effect.When the size of mean filter window is selected when suitable, can keep the signal with horizontal lineups by mean filter.
The intertrace sequence regulation of seismic samples method is a kind of method of the sampling point in each road of synchronization being carried out the circulating sampling rearrangement on common-shot-gather by a given rule, it changes the wave field regularity of distribution by changing the sampling point position, strengthen the difference of significant wave and interference wave, so that later stage compacting undesired signal.Its sequence adjusting method can be described as (Bruland L, Naess O E.New reversible method for seismic noise attenuation.62th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 1992:1218-1220): the sampled point of supposing output sequence i road is taken from list entries j road, then the sampled point in output sequence i+1 road is taken from list entries j-p road, and wherein, p is the circulation step-length; If but j-p＜1, then the sampled point in output sequence i+1 road is taken from list entries j-p+n road, and wherein, n is total road number.For the sampled point with each moment, it transfers order rule roughly the same.After transferring the order method to rearrange certain section geological data by sample space, carry out medium filtering, can keep well the signal that wherein has horizontal lineups, the signal with horizontal lineups that then will keep is by after transferring the order rule to reset, deduct it with the data before the accent order, just can suppress the external source that has horizontal lineups in the geological data and disturb.
Based on above-mentioned mean filter and intertrace sequence regulation of seismic samples method, the self-adaptation drawing method that external source is disturbed in the seismic data of the present invention adopts first mean filter that the earthquake data information is carried out pre-service, locate adaptively the vertex position of the lineups of each external source interference, then the lineups that successively each external source disturbed are reset and are evened up, carry out segmentation intertrace sequence regulation of seismic samples method medium filtering to evening up the result, and then finish the compacting of external source interference adaptive.The present invention both can be for the treatment of the two-dimension earthquake data, also can be for the treatment of 3D seismic data, and the below is described in detail the specific works flow process by reference to the accompanying drawings to process the two-dimension earthquake data as embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, workflow of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) geological data is carried out mean filter:
Wherein, the big or small a * b of window must be less than geological data during mean filter, and window width when a is, b are window length, b＞2a.
2) the mean filter result is carried out the energy screening, determines the lineups vertex position that each external source is disturbed:
By the mean filter characteristic as can be known, disturb the place, summit in external source, its lineups are several in level, kept preferably through its energy behind the mean filter, and disturbed the both sides on summit in external source, greatly weakened through its energy behind the mean filter.After one common-shot-gather done mean filter, according to given screening threshold value λ it is carried out the energy screening, be about to the sampled point that energy behind the mean filter is lower than λ and all be classified as 0.So all common-shot-gathers being pursued scan-filtering processes, just can determine rudimental energy position and size thereof, the geometric center of then getting the rudimental energy piece is apex coordinate, namely can determine the lineups vertex position that each external source is disturbed in this geological data.
3) from step 2) external source that determine and not yet compacting disturbs the lineups summit and chooses one, carries out following steps:
3.1) disturb mechanism of production to scan the T-X curve that this external source is disturbed according to external source, determine the actual distance of the wave detector that external source is nearest with it.
As shown in Figure 2, V represents survey vessel, and S represents focus that survey vessel is taken, and N represents seismic event at the approximate single source (the following external source that represents) of external source reflex time, R
iAnd R
jRepresent respectively i and j wave detector, wherein, the wave detector nearest apart from external source N is R
i(hereinafter referred to as the central point wave detector).Suppose following three idealized conditions establishment:
1. towing cable keeps straight line, namely on focus S and the towing cable all wave detectors on same straight line;
2. external source N is to central point wave detector R
iTravel path vertical with towing cable;
3. the velocity of propagation of seismic event in water is constant v.
By geometric relationship as can be known seismic event from S be transmitted to N apart from p, seismic event is transmitted to R from N
iAnd R
jApart from d
iAnd d
j, and S and R
iBetween distance be h
i, R
jWith R
iBetween distance h
J-iBetween following relation arranged:
Wherein, t
iAnd t
jRespectively wave detector R
iAnd R
jReceive the time that external source that external source N transmits is disturbed.
Step 2) tried to achieve the position on the lineups summit of each external source interference in, it includes following two information:
Be that the time that place, summit road i and summit are received (is wave detector R
iReceive the time that external source that external source N transmits is disturbed) t
i, and can further try to achieve h by place, summit road i according to the trace header of data
iAnd h
J-i, v has been defined as constant in Utopian assumed condition, thus can be in the hope of d by above-mentioned relation
i
Since said method tentatively determine apart from d
iTherefore have deviation with its actual distance, need to disturb mechanism of production to scan the T-X curve that this external source is disturbed according to external source, to external source N to central point wave detector R
iApart from d
iTravel through, obtain its actual value.Namely after orienting the T-X curve that external source disturbs, opening one along T-X curve all has same time length t to each road
LTime window, this time ask for the average energy in the window, when the average energy is the strongest, corresponding external source N and central point wave detector R
iBetween distance be external source N to central point wave detector R
iActual distance d '.
3.2) to step 3.1) and in external source N to central point wave detector R
iThe corresponding T-X curve of actual distance d ' when opening window carry out lineups and even up, namely the time data are rearranged so that the T-X curve that external source is disturbed remains straight line in the window, this moment is because apparent velocity is different, the T-X curve of useful signal is a curve, is conducive to separating of external source undesired signal and useful signal.
3.3) will be through step 3.2) and lineups after evening up the time data in the window according to given length segmentation (remaining has one section of one's own), after successively each section being carried out intertrace sequence regulation of seismic samples, again overall data is done medium filtering, the filtering result is deducted with the data before the accent order afterwards by transferring the order rule to reset, and fill out back successively by its position in the common-shot-gather of original (before namely adopting the present invention to process), just can obtain this external source disturbance suppression result.
4) determining step 2) whether determined external source disturb the lineups summit all to suppress complete:
If not, return step 3);
Otherwise, finish.
As shown in Figure 3, in emulation experiment, utilize the PLUTO data manually to synthesize one section and contain the two-dimension earthquake road collection that position and six different external sources of energy are disturbed.
As shown in Figure 4, experimental result shows, adopts the present invention to carry out six external sources after the compression process and disturbs and all obtained effective removal:
Signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in the lineups overlay area is from 5 original dB, and 1 dB, 0 dB ,-2 dB ,-1 dB, 3dB(are from top to bottom), rise to successively 13.5052dB, 9.7166dB, 10.2926dB, 7.3967dB, 9.9467dB, 10.5988dB.With result 9.7490 dB that adopt traditional F-K territory filtering, 0.6203 dB, 2.4531 dB ,-0.4845 dB, 1.4132 dB, 3.8965 dB compare, and have better pressing result.
As shown in Figure 5, the present invention can be preferably with the external source interference separation out.
The various embodiments described above only are used for explanation the present invention, and wherein the structure of each parts, connected mode etc. all can change to some extent, and every equivalents and improvement of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention all should do not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the self-adaptation drawing method that external source is disturbed in the seismic data, it may further comprise the steps:
1) geological data is carried out mean filter;
2) the mean filter result is carried out the energy screening, determine the lineups vertex position that each external source is disturbed;
3) extracting an external source of not yet suppressing disturbs the lineups summit to suppress:
3.1) scan the T-X curve that external source is disturbed, determine the wave detector R that external source is nearest with it
iActual distance d ';
3.2) window carried out lineups and evens up when the corresponding T-X curve of actual distance d ' was opened;
3.3) after will evening up through lineups the time data in the window according to the given length segmentation, after successively each section being carried out intertrace sequence regulation of seismic samples, again overall data is done medium filtering, the filtering result is deducted with the data before the accent order afterwards by transferring the order rule to reset, and fill out back successively in the original common-shot-gather by its position;
4) determining step 2) whether determined external source disturb the lineups summit all to suppress complete:
If not, return step 3);
Otherwise, finish.
2. the self-adaptation drawing method that external source is disturbed in a kind of seismic data as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step 1), mean filter adopt the time window size less than geological data, window width when a is, b are window length, b＞2a.
3. the self-adaptation drawing method that external source is disturbed in a kind of seismic data as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2), energy screening is that the sampled point that energy among the mean filter result is lower than given screening threshold value is all returned 0, and the geometric center of obtaining again the rudimental energy piece is defined as external source and disturbs the lineups summit.
4. the self-adaptation drawing method that external source is disturbed in a kind of seismic data as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described step 2), energy screening is that the sampled point that energy behind the mean filter is lower than set-point all is classified as 0, and the geometric center of Scan orientation rudimental energy piece is defined as external source and disturbs the lineups summit.
5. the self-adaptation drawing method that external source is disturbed in as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 a kind of seismic data is characterized in that described step 3.1) comprise following little step:
1. according to the following formula primary Calculation external source wave detector R nearest with it
iApart from d
i:
Wherein v is the velocity of propagation of seismic event in water, is constant; t
jFor removing wave detector R
iArbitrary wave detector R in addition
jThe time that the external source that the reception external source transmits is disturbed, it is worth by on-site measurement; h
iBy survey vessel is taken focus and wave detector R
iBetween distance, h
J-iBe wave detector R
jWith wave detector R
iBetween distance, h
iAnd h
J-iValue all disturb position, lineups summit to determine according to external source;
2. according to primary Calculation apart from d
iOrient the T-X curve that external source is disturbed, open a time window that each road is all had same time length along this moment apart from curve, this time ask for the average energy in the window, when the average energy is the strongest, corresponding external source and wave detector R
iBetween distance be external source to wave detector R
iActual distance d '.
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| CN104777015B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2018-06-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The drawing method and device of lateral reflection ripple in a kind of method for marine seismic data |
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| CN104777015B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2018-06-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The drawing method and device of lateral reflection ripple in a kind of method for marine seismic data |
| CN104777015A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-15 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Pressing method and pressing apparatus for side reflection waves in marine earthquake data |
| CN103869361A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-06-18 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Self-adapting low-frequency abnormal amplitude suppression method |
| CN103869361B (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2016-08-10 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | The method of self adaptation low-frequency anomaly amplitude compacting |
| CN103852790A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Morphological filtering method and system of offshore earthquake data |
| WO2016011581A1 (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-28 | 杨顺伟 | Offshore seismic data lateral reflection suppression method |
| CN105518489A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-04-20 | 杨顺伟 | Offshore seismic data lateral reflection suppression method |
| CN105158801A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-12-16 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Optical cable coupling noise suppression processing method and apparatus |
| CN105158801B (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2017-10-17 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | The compression process method and apparatus of optical cable coupled noise |
| CN108680959A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-10-19 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of adaptive ship disturbance suppression method |
| CN109031415A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-12-18 | 清华大学 | A kind of controlled source data ring drawing method based on depth convolutional neural networks |
| CN112444869A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic data processing method and storage medium for suppressing external source interference waves |
| CN111736224A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-02 | 西安交通大学 | Method, storage medium and equipment for suppressing linear interference of pre-stack seismic data |
| CN111736224B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2021-04-20 | 西安交通大学 | Method, storage medium and equipment for suppressing linear interference of pre-stack seismic data |
| CN114063167A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2022-02-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic data processing method for suppressing external source interference |
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