CN102889191A - 一种用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，其包括动力端和冷端，冷端包括冷端壳体，冷端壳体一端安装有柱塞，另一端设置有吸入口和排出口，在冷端壳体的吸入口和排出口处设置有阀座，柱塞一端与动力端连接，另一端与冷端壳体、阀座相互配合形成内腔，阀座上设置有用于连通内腔和吸入口的第一通道以及用于连通内腔和排出口的第二通道，在第一通道与内腔之间设置有用于控制液氮吸入内腔的低压阀，在第二通道内设置用于控制液氮排出内腔的高压阀，柱塞在动力端带动下在内腔中作直线往复运动，进而带动低压阀或高压阀开闭，当低压阀打开时，使液氮从吸入口进入内腔，当高压阀打开时，液氮从排出口排出内腔，在冷端壳体上设置有与内腔相通的溢流口。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，属于油田施工的液氮泵设备领域。
背景技术
近年来，随着压裂工艺在油田应用上的不断成熟，高压氮气的运用越来越多，如何产生高压的氮气成为一个难题。普通的空分制氮设备直接产生的压缩氮气只能产生最高35MPa的排出压力,难以满足油田压裂的要求。液氮柱塞泵将低压液氮加压成高压液氮，再利用热交换将高压液氮转换成高压氮气的方式排出，这种方法可以成功获得100MPa以上氮气排出压力，完全满足压裂作业的压力要求，因此，液氮柱塞泵在油田拌注压裂、拌注酸化、氮气气举、油田试压等场合应用广泛。但是，由于液氮是一种超低温的液体，沸点在-196摄氏度，对温度非常敏感，所以普通结构的液氮柱塞泵工作时容易将动力端摩擦产生的热量传递到泵送的液氮中从而导致液氮汽化，从而导致柱塞泵无法正常工作。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中液氮泵在泵送液氮过程中，液氮容易吸热汽化的问题，本发明提供一种用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，其包括动力端和冷端，所述冷端包括冷端壳体，所述冷端壳体一端安装有柱塞，另一端设置有吸入口和排出口，在所述冷端壳体的吸入口和排出口处设置有阀座，所述柱塞一端与所述动力端连接，另一端与冷端壳体、阀座相互配合形成内腔，所述阀座上设置有用于连通所述内腔和所述吸入口的第一通道、以及用于连通所述内腔和所述排出口的第二通道，在所述第一通道与内腔之间设置有用于控制液氮吸入内腔的低压阀，在所述第二通道内设置用于控制液氮排出内腔的高压阀，所述柱塞在所述动力端带动下在所述内腔中作直线往复运动，进而带动所述低压阀或所述高压阀开闭，当低压阀打开时，使液氮从吸入口进入内腔，当高压阀打开时，液氮从排出口排出内腔，在所述冷端壳体上设置有与所述内腔相通的溢流口。
进一步的，所述动力端包括动力端壳体、安装在所述动力端壳体内部且与动力系统连接的曲轴、与所述曲轴传动连接的连杆、以及通过所述连杆与所述曲轴传动连接的十字头拉杆，所述十字头拉杆与所述冷端的柱塞连接。
进一步的，所述十字头拉杆和所述柱塞通过卡瓦连接在一起。
进一步的，所述动力端壳体上设置有呼吸口。
进一步的，所述动力端壳体与所述冷端壳体通过过渡壳体连接在一起。
进一步的，所述冷端壳体与所述过渡壳体采用螺纹连接方式连接在一起。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵解决现有技术中液氮泵在泵送液氮过程中，液氮容易吸热汽化的问题，采用特殊的方式将动力端和冷端连接起来，大大减少了动力端的热量传递到液氮之中，同时，液氮泵采用了一种经过特殊设计的冷端用于低压液氮的吸入和高压液氮的排出工作，可运用于油压压裂配套设备液氮车中。
附图说明
图1为本发明用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵的结构示意图；
图2为图1的俯视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
如图1和图2所示，一种用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，主要由冷端2和动力端两部分组成。动力端主要用来将发动机传递过来的旋转运动转换为往复直线运动。冷端2为液氮泵的核心部件，其内部进行了专业的结构设计，主要作用是实现液氮的低压吸入和高压排出。
动力端包括动力端壳体11、安装在动力端壳体11内部的曲轴12、与曲轴12传动连接的连杆13、以及通过连杆13与曲轴12传动连接的十字头拉杆14，在动力端壳体11上设置有呼吸口10，曲轴12上连接输入法兰15，并通过输入法兰15与动力系统连接，动力端壳体11内腔壁上设置有与十字头连杆14连接的滑轨16。
冷端2包括冷端壳体21，冷端壳体21内一端安装有柱塞22，另一端设置有吸入口23和排出口24，在冷端壳体21的吸入口23和排出口24处设置有阀座25，柱塞22一端与动力端的十字头拉杆14通过卡瓦28连接在一起，另一端与冷端壳体21、阀座25相互配合形成内腔20，阀座25上设置有用于连通内腔20和吸入口23的第一通道251、以及用于连通内腔20和排出口24的第二通道252，在第一通道251与内腔20之间设置有用于控制液氮吸入内腔20的低压阀26，且低压阀26和阀座25之间设置第一复位弹簧261，在第二通道252内设置用于控制液氮排出内腔20的高压阀27，且高压阀27和阀座25之间设置第二复位弹簧271，动力端外壳11和冷端外壳21之间通过过渡外壳30连接在一起。在冷端壳体21上设置有与内腔20相通的溢流口28。
动力系统驱动输入法兰15旋转，进而带动曲轴12做旋转运动，由于曲轴12设计成偏心结构，在连杆13的带动下，十字头连杆14可沿该滑轨16作直线往复运动，十字头连杆14带动柱塞22在内腔20中作直线往复运动，在低压阀26与阀座25配合下实现内腔20吸入低压液氮，在高压阀27和阀座25配合下实现内腔20排出高压液氮。
本发明用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵可通过泵送的液氮对冷端2的柱塞22进行润滑和冷却而不需要采用润滑油，用于润滑的液氮从冷端2溢流口28流回液氮罐从而将柱塞22运行过程中由于摩擦产生的热量散发掉，延长了冷端2的使用寿命。
本发明用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵主要工作过程为：从动力系统传递过来的旋转动力通过输入法兰15输入到该柱塞泵，输入法兰15进而驱动曲轴12做旋转运动。由于曲轴12设计成偏心结构，在连杆13、十字头拉杆14和滑轨16的共同作用下曲轴12的旋转运动被转变成十字头拉杆14的往复直线运动。利用连接卡瓦31将十字头拉杆14和冷端2的柱塞22连接到一起，从而驱动柱塞22进行着往复直线运动来吸入和排出液氮。
当柱塞22向左运动时，低压阀26在第一复位弹簧261的作用下也向左移动，从而与阀座25分离，即低压阀26为打开状态，此时液氮依次通过吸入口23、第一通道251以及低压阀26中心位置的通孔后进入到柱塞22和低压阀26之间的内腔20内，此时完成了液氮的吸入过程。当柱塞22向右运动时，液氮被压缩压力不断升高，使低压阀26克服第一复位弹簧261的作用力与阀座25的密封面重合到一起，低压阀26封闭第一通道251，即低压阀26为关闭状态，防止了液氮的倒流。当液氮压力超过高压阀27的第二复位弹簧271作用力作用时，高压阀27和阀座25密封面产生分离，即高压阀27打开，柱塞22压缩成的高压液氮会依次通过第二通道252、排出口24后流出柱塞泵，此时完成了液氮的排出过程。整个工作过程中一部分液氮会流经柱塞22和冷端壳体21之间的缝隙，通过溢流口28返回到液氮罐中再利用或者直接排放到空气中，从而将柱塞22往复运动过程中摩擦产生的热量散发掉，起到润滑和冷却的作用。
该柱塞泵可以安装三个完全独立的冷端2，采用螺纹连接的方式与过渡壳体30进行连接，安装、更换及日常检修都非常方便，并且易于观察冷端2的结霜情况。在该柱塞泵的其中一个冷端2损坏的情况下，其他冷端2仍然可以正常工作。
普通结构的液氮泵动力端和液力端通常是安装在一起的，这种泵工作时动力端产生的高温会直接传递到泵送介质中去。本发明用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵的十字头拉杆14和柱塞22没有直接进行接触，而是通过连接卡瓦31将其连接到一起，避免了动力端的高温传递到冷端2中造成液氮的汽化。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，其特征在于：其包括动力端和冷端，所述冷端包括冷端壳体，所述冷端壳体一端安装有柱塞，另一端设置有吸入口和排出口，在所述冷端壳体的吸入口和排出口处设置有阀座，所述柱塞一端与所述动力端连接，另一端与冷端壳体、阀座相互配合形成内腔，所述阀座上设置有用于连通所述内腔和所述吸入口的第一通道、以及用于连通所述内腔和所述排出口的第二通道，在所述第一通道与内腔之间设置有用于控制液氮吸入内腔的低压阀，在所述第二通道内设置用于控制液氮排出内腔的高压阀，所述柱塞在所述动力端带动下在所述内腔中作直线往复运动，进而带动所述低压阀或所述高压阀开闭，当低压阀打开时，使液氮从吸入口进入内腔，当高压阀打开时，液氮从排出口排出内腔，在所述冷端壳体上设置有与所述内腔相通的溢流口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，其特征在于：所述动力端包括动力端壳体、安装在所述动力端壳体内部且与动力系统连接的曲轴、与所述曲轴传动连接的连杆、以及通过所述连杆与所述曲轴传动连接的十字头拉杆，所述十字头拉杆与所述冷端的柱塞连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，其特征在于：所述十字头拉杆和所述柱塞通过卡瓦连接在一起。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，其特征在于：所述动力端壳体上设置有呼吸口。
5.根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，其特征在于：所述动力端壳体与所述冷端壳体通过过渡壳体连接在一起。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于泵送超低温液氮的柱塞泵，其特征在于：所述冷端壳体与所述过渡壳体采用螺纹连接方式连接在一起。
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