CN102887807A - 一种α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102887807A CN102887807A CN2012103307968A CN201210330796A CN102887807A CN 102887807 A CN102887807 A CN 102887807A CN 2012103307968 A CN2012103307968 A CN 2012103307968A CN 201210330796 A CN201210330796 A CN 201210330796A CN 102887807 A CN102887807 A CN 102887807A
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Abstract
本发明属于医药化工中间体及相关化学技术领域,涉及到新颖的α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物的制备方法。其特征是以卤代芳烃及其衍生物为原料,在金属催化剂和碱的作用下,于高压釜中与一氧化碳和炔烃化合物反应,柱色谱分离后得到α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物。本发明所述的α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物的制备方法,反应步骤少,原料价格低廉,反应条件温和,便于操作;并且所得产品收率高、纯度高、完全符合作为药物中间体的质量要求,为其工业化生产提供了有利条件。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药化工中间体及相关化学技术领域,涉及到新颖的α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物广泛存在于化学领域的多个方面,其作为骨架结构往往出现在天然产物、生物活性、医药、农用化学品等与人们衣食住行密切相关的分子结构中。尤其是查尔酮类化合物在抗癌、抗氧化性、止痛、消炎方面表现出的较好的生物活性。
传统的合成α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物的方法是使用醛酮的Claisen-Schmidt反应[参见:(a)Krishnakumar,B.;Velmurugan,R.;Swaminathan,M.Catal.Commun.2011,12,375.;(b)B.Krishnakumar,M.Swaminathan,J.Mol.Catal.A:Chem.2011,350,16.]。该类方法反应条件苛刻需要强碱或强酸,并且在底物的广谱性和官能团的兼容性方面也有限制。1983年Labadie等报道了通过酰氯和有烯丙基锡的Stille偶联反应也得到了α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物[参见:Labadie,J.W.;Stille,J.K.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1983,105,6129.]。通过人们的继续研究发现通过Suzuki偶联反应、Heck偶联反应也可以构建具有一定结构的α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物[参见:(a)Andersson,C.-M.;Hallberg,A.J.Org.Chem.1988,53,4257.Eddarir,S.;(b)Cotelle,N.;Bakkour,Y.;Rolando,C.Tetrahed.Lett.2003,44,5359.;(c)Wu,X.-F.;Neumann,H.;Beller,M.Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2010,49,5284.],但是该类反应中需要特殊的反应底物,从而限制了反应的应用。通过炔丙基醇的Meyer-schister重排可得到顺-反两种构型的α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物[参见:Egi,M.;Umemura,M.;Kawai,T.;Akai,S.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2011,50,12197.]。因而如 何开发一种反应条件温和,原子经济性好,选择性好的新型α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物的合成方法具有重要的研究意义。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种新颖的α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物的制备方法,该方法的合成路线短、条件温和、便于操作、并且收率较高。
本发明是以卤代芳烃为原料,在碱和催化剂的作用下与CO和炔烃反应,得到α,β-不饱和羰基化合物,合成路线如下:
该方法采用的技术方案如下:
α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物的制备:卤代芳烃在催化剂和碱的作用下,于高压釜中与CO和炔烃反应,生成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。
反应温度在60°C~150°C范围,优选100°C~125°C。
X选自碘(I)、溴(Br);R1选自氢(H)、乙酰基(COCH3)、醛基(CHO)、氰基(CN);R2选自氢(H)、甲氧基(OMe)、甲基(Me)。
一氧化碳压力范围为:5atm~50atm。优选10atm~30atm。
卤代芳烃与炔烃的摩尔比为1:1~1:10。
催化剂包括:二(乙酰丙酮)钯、双三苯基磷二氯化钯、四(三苯基膦)钯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、醋酸钯、三氟乙酸钯、氯化钯、双(乙腈)氯化钯。优选双三苯基磷二氯化钯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氯化钯。
配体包括:三苯基膦、1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷、双二苯基膦甲烷、1,5-双(二苯基膦)戊烷。优选三苯基膦、1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷,1,5-双(二苯基膦)戊烷。
碱包括:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、氢化钠、醋酸钠、乙醇钠、磷酸钾、三乙胺,二异丙基乙胺、三丁胺,优选三乙胺、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾。
溶剂包括:四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、乙醚、正丁醚、二甲基亚砜、四氯化碳、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己烷、正己烷、正庚烷等,优选四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚、二甲基亚砜。
分离方法包括:重结晶、柱层析等。重结晶方法使用的溶剂如,苯、甲苯、乙醇、石油醚、乙腈、四氢呋喃、氯仿、环己烷、二氧六环、乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;用柱层析方法,可以使用硅胶或氧化铝作为固定相,展开剂一般为极性与非极性的的混合溶剂,如乙酸乙酯-石油醚、乙酸乙酯-正己烷、二氯甲烷-石油醚、甲醇-石油醚。
卤代芳烃与碱的摩尔比为1:1~1:50。
卤代芳烃与所用金属催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.05~1:0.2。
卤代芳烃与所用配体的摩尔比为1:0.1~1:0.3。
本发明的有益效果是该方法的合成路线短、条件温和、操作简便、有实现工业化的可能性,并且较高收率得到α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物;该方法可以得到具有生物活性的查尔酮类骨架结构分子,近一步官能化,可得到具有医用功效的功能分子。
附图说明
图1为化合物3a的1H-NMR。
图2为化合物3a的13C-NMR。
图3为化合物3b的1H-NMR。
图4为化合物3b的13C-NMR。
图5为化合物3c的1H-NMR。
图6为化合物3c的13C-NMR。
图7为化合物3d的1H-NMR。
图8为化合物3d的13C-NMR。
图9为化合物3e的1H-NMR。
图10为化合物3e的13C-NMR。
图11为化合物3f的1H-NMR。
图12为化合物3f的13C-NMR。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的α,β-不饱和羰基类化合物的制备方法,反应步骤较少,原料价格低廉,反应条件温和,便于操作;并且所得产品收率高、纯度高、完全符合作为药物中间体的质量要求,为其工业化生产提供了有利条件。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。在本领域内的技术人员对本发明所做的简单替换或改进均属于本发明所保护的技术方案之内。
实施例1:(E)-1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one(3a)的合成准确称取4-溴苯乙酮(99.5mg,0.5mmol)、氢氧化钾(84.2mg,1.5mmol),氯化钯(4.4mg,0.025mmol),三苯基膦(26.2mg,0.1mmol),并依次加入到25mL的高压釜中,氮气置换3次后,在氮气保护中加入下四氢呋喃3mL,苯乙炔(102.1mg,1.0mmol)。向高压釜中充入CO至压力为30atm,在60°C搅拌48h。反应结束后,向反应液中加入10mL水,使用3×10mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,使用无水硫酸钠干燥1h后减压除去溶剂,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,硅胶柱分离,(E)-1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one收率为 84%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07(s,4H),7.82(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.67–7.64(m,2H),7.51(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.45–7.42(m,3H),2.66(s,3H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ197.7,190.1,146.0,141.7,139.9,134.7,131.0,129.2,128.8,128.7,128.65,121.9,27.1;IR(neat)3041,3000,1681,1656,1607,1594,1573,770cm-1;HRMS(EI)calcd for C18H16O2:250.0994[M]+;found:250.0982.
实施例2:(E)-1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one(3b)的合成
准确称取4-溴苯乙酮(99.5mg,0.5mmol)、碳酸钠(159.0mg,1.5mmol),氯化钯(8.9mg,0.05mmol),1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷(42.6mg,0.1mmol),并依次加入到25mL的高压釜中,氮气置换3次后,在氮气保护中加入下四氢呋喃3mL,4-甲氧基苯乙炔(132.2mg,1.0mmol)。向高压釜中充入CO至压力为20atm,密闭后检验是否漏气,并在150°C搅拌48h。反应结束后,向反应液中加入10mL水,使用3×10mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,使用无水硫酸钠干燥1h后减压除去溶剂,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,硅胶柱分离,(E)-1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one收率为88%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(s,4H),7.95(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.10(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.02(s,3H),2.82(s,3H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ197.7,190.1,162.1,145.8,39.7,130.6,128.7,128.6,127.4,119.5,114.6,55.6,27.0;IR(neat)3000,2933,1730,1680,1659,1603,1590,1566,1511,1295,1258,1171,1031,828cm-1;HRMS(EI)calcd for C18H16O3:280.1099[M]+;found:280.1097.
实施例3:(E)-1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(p-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one(3c)的合成 准确称取4-溴苯乙酮(99.5mg,0.5mmol),双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(17.5mg,0.05mmol),1,5-双(二苯基膦)戊烷(44.0mg,0.1mmol),并依次加入到25mL的高压釜中,氮气置换3次后,在氮气保护中加入下无水二甲基亚砜3mL,4-甲基苯乙炔(174.2mg,1.5mmol),三乙胺(202.4mg,2.0mmol)。向高压釜中充入CO至压力为20atm,密闭后检验是否漏气,并在100°C搅拌48h。反应结束后,向反应液中加入10mL水,使用3×10mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,使用无水硫酸钠干燥1h后减压除去溶剂,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,硅胶柱分离,(E)-1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3-(p-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one收率为86%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07(s,4H),7.80(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),7.23(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.66(s,3H),2.40(s,3H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ197.7,190.2,146.1,141.9,141.7,139.8,131.9,129.9,128.74,128.72,128.6,120.9,27.0,21.7;IR(neat)2927,1679,1652,1593,1561,981,809cm-1;HRMS(EI)calcd for C18H16O2 264.1150[M]+;found 264.1138.
实施例4:(E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one(3d)的合成准确称取氯化钯(8.9mg,0.05mmol),1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷(42.6mg,0.1mmol),碳酸钾(138.2mg,2.0mmol),并依次加入到25mL的高压釜中,氮气置换3次后,在氮气保护中加入下无水DMF 3mL,4-甲基苯乙炔(174.2mg,1.5mmol),碘苯(102.0mg,0.5mmol)。向高压釜中充入CO至压力为20atm,密闭后检验是否漏气,并在100°C搅拌48h。反应结束后,向反应液中加入10mL水,使用3×10mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,使用无水硫酸钠干燥1h后减压除去溶剂,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,硅胶柱分离,(E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one收率为50%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.01(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.79(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.61-7.49(m,5H),7.42 (d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.85(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ190.7,161.8,144.9,138.6,128.7,128.6,127.7,112.0,114.6,55.6;IR(neat)2955,2930,1660,1598,1572,1511,1292,1256,1215,1172,1034,1017,828cm-1;HRMS(EI)calcd for C16H14O2:238.0994[M]+;found:238.0998.
实施例5:4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)benzonitrile(3e)的合成准确称取4-溴苯腈(91.0mg,0.5mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(22.9mg,0.025mmol),1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷(42.6mg,0.1mmol),并依次加入到25mL的高压釜中,氮气置换3次后,在氮气保护中加入下甲苯3mL,4-甲基苯乙炔(174.2mg,1.5mmol),三乙胺(202.4mg,2.0mmol)。向高压釜中充入CO至压力为20atm,密闭后检验是否漏气,并在130°C搅拌48h。反应结束后,向反应液中加入10mL水,使用3×10mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,使用无水硫酸钠干燥1h后减压除去溶剂,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,硅胶柱分离,4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)benzonitrile收率为90%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.83-7.79(m,3H),7.61(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.87(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ186.7,159.8,144.1,139.5,128.2,126.4,124.7,116.4,115.7,113.3,112.2,53.1;IR(neat)2938,2839,2224,1657,1597,1573,1512,1424,1293,1252,1212,1176,1035,814cm-1;HRMS(EI)calcd for C17H13NO2:263.0946[M]+;found:263.0943.
实施例6:(E)-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)benzaldehyde(3f)的合成准确称取4-溴苯甲醛(92.5mg,0.5mmol),氯化钯(8.9mg,0.05mmol),1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷(64.0mg,0.15mmol),并依次加入到25mL的高压釜中,氮气置换3次后,在氮气保护中加入下甲苯3mL,4-甲基苯乙炔(174.2mg,1.5 mmol),三乙胺(202.4mg,2.0mmol)。向高压釜中充入CO至压力为20atm,密闭后检验是否漏气,并在130°C搅拌48h。反应结束后,向反应液中加入10mL水,使用3×10mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,使用无水硫酸钠干燥1h后减压除去溶剂,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,硅胶柱分离,(E)-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)benzaldehyde收率为80%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.11(s,1H),8.13(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.00(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.80(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.86(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ191.7,189.9,162.0,146.0,143.1,138.5,130.5,129.8,128.9,127.2,119.3,114.5,55.4;IR(neat)2838,1703,1659,1590,1570,1511,1257,1212,1174,1032,818,807cm-1;HRMS(EI)calcd for C17H14O3:266.0943[M]+;found:266.0942。
Claims (9)
2.如权利要求1中所述的制备方法,其特征还在于,催化剂选自二(乙酰丙酮)钯、双三苯基磷二氯化钯、四(三苯基膦)钯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、醋酸钯、三氟乙酸钯、氯化钯、双(乙腈)氯化钯;卤代芳烃与所用催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.05~1:0.2。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征还在于,配体选自三苯基膦、1,4-双(二苯基膦基)丁烷、双二苯基膦甲烷、1,5-双(二苯基膦)戊烷,卤代芳烃与所用配体的摩尔比为1:0.1~1:0.3。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征还在于,反应中使用的碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、氢化钠、醋酸钠、乙醇钠、磷酸钾、三乙胺,二异丙基乙胺、三丁胺;卤代芳烃与碱的摩尔比为1:1~1:50。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征还在于,所述有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、乙醚、正丁醚、二甲基亚砜、四氯化碳、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己烷、正己烷、正庚烷;卤代芳烃与有机溶剂的摩尔比为1:0.5~100。
6.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征还在于,反应中使用的碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、氢化钠、醋酸钠、乙醇钠、磷酸钾、三乙胺,二异丙基乙胺、三丁胺;卤代芳烃与碱的摩尔比为1:1~1:50。
7.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征还在于,所述有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、乙醚、正丁醚、二甲基亚砜、四氯化碳、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己烷、正己烷、正庚烷;卤代芳烃与有机溶剂的摩尔比为1:0.5~100。
8.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征还在于,所述有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、乙醚、正丁醚、二甲基亚砜、四氯化碳、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己烷、正己烷、正庚烷;卤代芳烃与有机溶剂的摩尔比为1:0.5~100。
9.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征还在于,所述有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、乙醚、正丁醚、二甲基亚砜、四氯化碳、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己烷、正己烷、正庚烷;卤代芳烃与有机溶剂的摩尔比为1:0.5~100。
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CN104086385A (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-08 | 大连理工大学 | 一种不饱和酮的制备方法 |
CN115043755A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-13 | 大连理工大学 | 一种α,β-不饱和亚胺化合物的制备方法 |
CN115322081A (zh) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-11-11 | 南京工业大学 | 一种烷基烯基酮的合成方法 |
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LIU J ET AL: "Magnetically separable Pd catalyst for carbonylative sonogashira coupling reactions for the synthesis of a,b-alkynyl ketones", 《ORGANIC LETTERS》 * |
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CN104086385A (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-08 | 大连理工大学 | 一种不饱和酮的制备方法 |
CN115322081A (zh) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-11-11 | 南京工业大学 | 一种烷基烯基酮的合成方法 |
CN115043755A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-13 | 大连理工大学 | 一种α,β-不饱和亚胺化合物的制备方法 |
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