CN1028849C

CN1028849C - Cutting method and apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN1028849C
Application number: CN 90106653
Authority: CN
Inventors: 堀井清之
Original assignee: East Asia Machinery Industry Co ltd
Current assignee: East Asia Machinery Industry Co ltd
Priority date: 1990-08-04
Filing date: 1990-08-04
Publication date: 1995-06-14
Anticipated expiration: 2005-08-04
Also published as: CN1058741A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a new cutting method which comprises the cutting of liquid based on wall-attached helical flows through spray, and the wall-attached helical flows are generated by leading in pressurized fluid. Moreover, the present invention also provides a cutting device using the method, and the cutting device comprises a rotatable and moveable wall-attached helical flow generating nozzle which is provided with an annular groove of a spout of an air nozzle, and a curved wall, wherein the annular groove of the spout of the air nozzle leads in pressurized fluid transversely, and the curved wall extends from the groove to the nozzle. The cutting performance can be improved greatly, and the nozzle has good abrasion resisting performance. When used, hard cutting grains can be uniformly distributed in the whole fluid.

Description

Cutting method and apparatus

The present invention relates to the device of a kind of cutting method and this method of application, more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of method of jet cutting, device with this method of application, it has good cutting performance, and the uniform generation of cutting the surface and can prevent burr is arranged.

For the cutting metal object, the high-temperature gas of known a kind of using gases combustion flame fusing cutting method and a kind ofly handling the fuel tank of storing the oil-containing material and do not allowing to use the liquid jet cutting method that adopts under the situation of flame.

For example, normally a kind of water jet cutting method that uses water under high pressure of liquid jet cutting method, it is widely used in cutting steel plate, and this method also can be used for using the construction site of explosive, is used for cutting or fractured rock and concrete.

Fig. 3 has shown a kind of jet nozzle that typically is used for the liquid jet cutting method, import water under high pressure from a high-pressure water inlet (B) to a jet expansion (A), simultaneously, import hard particles from a horizontal cutting particle inlet (C), cut by the jet that sprays into from jet expansion (A), in this case, hard cutting particle also can omit.

Be difficult to use the cutting method of using under the condition of fire as a kind of, this jet cutting method is of great use, and still, what time this method and apparatus commonly used needs to improve if having.

More particularly, in common method, disperse soon from the jet of jet expansion shown in Figure 3 (A) ejection, so that be difficult to jet is concentrated on the part that will cut, in addition, cut surface is uneven often, and occurs burr inevitably, when using hard cutting particle, nozzle inner walls can be subjected to serious wearing and tearing.

When producing jet on the basis that imports water under high pressure, these shortcomings are inevitably, and this has just limited the range of application of liquid jet cutting method naturally, so, just need to improve cutting performance urgently, and the uniformity of cut surface, and prevent the generation of burr and reduce nozzle abrasion.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel jet cutting method, it is based on a kind of jet of having eliminated the above-mentioned defective of commonsense method.

The invention provides and a kind ofly carry out the method that water jet cuts, comprise the steps: by the water that sprays based on attached wall spiral flow

(I) provides a kind of device, between an end of larger diameter end of main cone shape cylinder and auxiliary cylinder, to form a cannelure, main cone shape cylinder has the smaller diameter end of a jetting stream water, the inner wall surface that is positioned at the cannelure on the main cylinder side wall tilts to convert the inwall of main cylinder to, the tiltangle of tapering part is determined by tan θ=1/3-1/10, the inner wall surface that is positioned at the cannelure on the auxiliary cylinder sidewall is the acute angle warpage, thereby converts the inwall of auxiliary cylinder to;

(II) supply pressure water flows to produce a high-speed screw by cannelure;

(III) ejects with attached wall spiral flow from the jet expansion of smaller diameter end with main cone shape cylinder is that the basis is the injection water jet;

(IV) cuts an immobilization material by the water jet spiral flow.

Fig. 1 has shown the profile of an embodiment of the nozzle of apparatus of the present invention;

Fig. 2 (b) and (b) shown the velocity contour of the jet of the inventive method and commonsense method respectively;

Fig. 3 has shown the profile of light water jet cutting nozzles.

The inventor has disclosed in the present invention applied attached wall spiral flow. It is in again the motion state under the fluid motion condition that belongs to regions of turbulent flow as a kind of turbulent flow that is different from, and it is different from known laminar flow or turbulent flow as the fluid motion general concept, and the inventor has also proposed a kind of method that forms attached wall spiral flow.

It specifically, attached wall spiral flow is a kind of stream of fluid, it can flow with at a high speed along the pipe direction simultaneously twist, it can add by the mobile vector at the fluid that imports the pipe direction one and form along pipe vector radially. In this case, just formed the negative pressure with strong suction at the opposite end of attached wall spiral flow flow direction, and formed take the high speed of spiral flow as the basis near inside pipe wall Attached parietal layer.

The present invention carries out metal by the characteristic of using this attached wall spiral flow, inorganic material. The cutting of cement or other solids, using one of topmost thing of this method is to concentrate VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION in the flow axes with respect to attached wall spiral flow flow direction, this " concentrating " take turbulent flow as the basis common jet in certainly to not observing, the concentrated cutting performance that improved of VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION, make to have uniform cut surface, and prevented the generation of burr.

Present invention is described referring now to accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 has shown an embodiment of attached wall spiral flow generation nozzle of the present invention.

Nozzle has been designed to effective mixing of grinding-material and has improved concentrating of water jet in the application of high-pressure grinding material water jet cutting.The development of nozzle is based on the spiral flow theory.For obtaining a concentrated jet, designs of nozzles is become to have a cannelure that links to each other with a tapered cylinder, provide pressure fluid by described groove, the fluid of the tapered cylinder of flowing through is owing to the unstability of wall attachment effect and turbulent flow is deformed into the spiral flow that has maximum axial flow at axis.

For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, have one to be used for pressurization and to go up the cannelure (3) that imports fluid (for example water) towards the main cylinder (2) of jet expansion (1), groove (3) has a feed line (7) and is used to provide pressure fluid.

The diameter of main cylinder (2) similarly and little by little increases to groove (3) from jet expansion (1); the wall (5) of main cylinder (2) forms a smooth curved surface; the other end opposite with nozzle outlet (1) has an auxiliary cylinder (4); it has a fluid, or the inlet (6) of fluid and hard cutting particle mixed flow.At the opposite side of wall (5) with respect to groove (3), the rectangular or acute angle warpage of the wall (8) of auxiliary cylinder (4).

The spacing of groove (3) is adjustable, does not have special restriction for the structure of the feed line that fluid under pressure is provided (7).In addition, can provide, for example a distribution cavity (9) is supplied with equably with assurance.

For main cylinder (2), the selection of its inclination angle (θ) preferably makes tan θ be approximately 1/3 to 1/10.

The exemplary embodiments of attached wall spiral flow generation nozzle has been described in the top, can import and enter main cylinder (2) from groove (3) as the pressure (hydraulic) water of pressure fluid.Its allow the motion vector of pressure (hydraulic) water and fluid-for example from the water and air of inlet (6)-motion vector synthesize, so formed a screw (10).This screw (10) impels fluid velocity axially concentrating of flowing, and forms the concentrated stream of a high speed, because formed attached parietal layer on main cylinder (2), has both made when being mixed with hard cutting particle in pressure fluid, also can prevent the wearing and tearing of nozzle inner walls.As for example aluminium oxide, SiC, Si ₃N ₄, during hybrid particles such as BN, WC, made their distribution homogenising.

Nozzle has been designed to effective mixing of abrasive material and has improved concentrating of water jet in the high-pressure grinding material water jet cutting is used.

Because the characteristic of spiral jet makes jet more stable, and particle focused on the axial region of jet, this is axial flow and the rotating flow around axis of a maximum on axis.

In when cutting, the pressure of fluid (for example water) can suitably be adjusted, any metal, and inorganic material (for example aluminium oxide diamond dust), or similar substance can be used as hard cutting particle and suitably uses.Not necessarily always need to use these hard cutting materials.

Pressure fluid can be water or other fluids, or a kind of mixing material, and object to be cut can be any metal, inorganic material and other solids.

Now, by following Example the present invention is described in more detail.

Example 1

Use nozzle shown in Figure 1, the outlet diameter of nozzle is 19mm.

Distance between jet expansion and sample is 50mm, and concrete walls in this example, will be forced into 400kgf/CM as the sample that will cut ²Water ejection, do not use hard cutting particle.

Sample is cut to the degree of depth of 18cm.Under similarity condition, cut with common water jet method.The depth of cut of sample only is 10cm, and its cut surface is coarse.The fine, soft fur thorn of the number that occurs on its face.Its cutting width surpasses the twice of the attached wall spiral flow cutting of the present invention.

In addition, when being mixed with alumina particle, its depth of cut approximately increases to 26mm

Example 2

Measure the VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION of the jet of 8mm nozzle.

In position speed is transferred to 43m/sec, compare with common water jet from nozzle tip 4cm.

Fig. 2 (a) and (b) shown employing 4.8Kgf/cm ²The VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION of the wall-attached jet of pressure (hydraulic) water and light water jet.

Can know from the comparison of the VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION of 20m/sec and to find out that both, the expansion (1) that the speed of wall-attached jet of the present invention is concentrated was than high many of common jet

As described above, according to the present invention, when the jet of employing take attached wall spiral flow as the basis cuts, can reach following effect:

1) because the dispersion of jet is littler, the effect concentrated area of energy is applied to flow direction, and this has just improved cutting efficiency widely.

2) nozzle has good abrasion resistance.

3) hard cutting particle can be dispersed in the whole fluid equably.

Owing to these advantages, can obtain being better than more useful cutting method and the device of general type.

Claims

1, a kind of by spraying the method for carrying out the water jet cutting based on the water of attached wall spiral flow, comprise the steps:

(I) provides a kind of device, between an end of larger diameter end of main cone shape cylinder and auxiliary cylinder, to form a cannelure, main cone shape cylinder has the smaller diameter end of a jetting stream water, the inner wall surface that is positioned at the cannelure on the main cylinder side wall tilts to convert the inwall of main cylinder to, the tiltangle of tapering part is determined by tan θ=1/3～1/10, the inner wall surface that is positioned at the cannelure on the auxiliary cylinder sidewall is the acute angle warpage, thereby converts the inwall of auxiliary cylinder to;

(II) supply pressure water flows to produce a high-speed screw by cannelure;

(III) ejects injection water jet based on attached wall spiral flow from the jet expansion of smaller diameter end with main cone shape cylinder;

(IV) cuts an immobilization material by the water jet spiral flow.

2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, sprays hard cutting particle.