CN102882014A - Ku wave band omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Ku wave band omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102882014A CN102882014A CN2012102886592A CN201210288659A CN102882014A CN 102882014 A CN102882014 A CN 102882014A CN 2012102886592 A CN2012102886592 A CN 2012102886592A CN 201210288659 A CN201210288659 A CN 201210288659A CN 102882014 A CN102882014 A CN 102882014A
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Abstract
The invention provides a Ku wave band omnidirectional antenna which adopts the structure that each output port of a coaxial-waveguide power divider/synthesizer of an arbitrary branch path is connected with an input port of a horn antenna; the radicalization ports of the horn antennas face outwards and form a circular array in an orientation direction; and microwave signals of the Ku wave band are accessed into the input end of the coaxial-waveguide power divider/synthesizer of the arbitrary branch path through a coaxial cable, and then are radiated to a free space through the horn antennas after being distributed by equiamplitude in-phase power for beam superposition so as to form an omnidirectional directional pattern in the far field of the antenna. The Ku wave band omnidirectional antenna is used for the whole microwave band and can realize omnidirectional 360-degree beam coverage of the Ku wave band.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave antenna technology category, what be specifically related to is microwave band omnidirectional antenna field.
Background technology
Omnidirectional antenna is a kind of antenna form that the aspects such as base station in the moving communicating field, ride and hand-held station must be used, and generally for omnidirectional antenna following specification requirement is arranged:
1) antenna bearingt face directional diagram is circular or has weak directivity (variation of relative level is no more than 3dB), 360 ° of spaces of covering orientation face;
2) voltage standing wave(VSW) coefficient coefficient as far as possible little (≤1.50);
3) have directional radiation properties in pitching face, require the under the line interior radiation maximum of face, gain is high.
In the past, the omnidirectional antenna that uses in mobile communication has skirt dipole antenna, the blue crin antenna of Buddhist, coaxial line intersection conllinear antenna and spiral whip antenna and telescopic antenna etc., but these a few class omnidirectional antennas generally are only applicable to shortwave, the ultrashort wave bands such as L-band that involve, for the omnidirectional antenna that centimetre involves the above wave band of centimeter wave, if still adopt above-mentioned all antennas, owing to be subject to the restriction of electric size, be difficult on the structure realize.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome prior art in the deficiency that the high band omnidirectional antenna of microwave band is difficult to realize, the invention provides a kind of Ku waveband omnidirectional antenna, be used for whole microwave band, realize that the wave beam of 360 ° of Ku wave band azimuth planes covers.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer and several horn antennas of comprising one minute any road, the input port of horn antenna is identical with power splitter delivery outlet size, each delivery outlet of the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on one minute any road connects the input port of a horn antenna, the radiation port of horn antenna is outside, and the radiation port of each horn antenna forms a Circle-Array at azimuth plane; Ku band microwave signal is by the input of the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on one minute any road of coaxial cable access, through being radiated in the free space by horn antenna after the constant amplitude homophase power division, in free space, carry out the wave beam stack, form omni-directional pattern in the far field of antenna.
The quantity N of described horn antenna is 5 ~ 12.
Described N is 5 o'clock, and the diameter of Circle-Array is 90mm; N is 8 o'clock, and the diameter of Circle-Array is 120mm; N is 10 o'clock, and the diameter of Circle-Array is 150mm.
The H face caliber size a of described horn antenna is by formula
Determine, wherein,
λ be frequency f at the wavelength of free space, λ=c/f, f are the centre frequency of omnidirectional antenna work, c is the light velocity.
The E face caliber size b of described horn antenna is by formula
Determine, wherein, 2 θ
0.5ECalculating approximate expression G ≈ 10log according to the gain G of omnidirectional antenna
10[42000/ (360 ° * 2 θ
0.5E)] determine that this error of calculating approximate expression is less than 0.5%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer with a kind of one minute any road is served as theme, and in phase is assigned to the microwave signal constant amplitude in the horn antenna; The half-power beam width of the E face directional diagram of omnidirectional antenna is to control by the caliber size that changes horn antenna E face, and it can regulate the gain of omnidirectional antenna ground easily; The variation size of the azimuth plane directional diagram relative level of omnidirectional antenna can be adjusted by the unit number of increase and decrease antenna, and unit number is more, and the working band that relative level changes is wider.
This omnidirectional antenna not only can be realized at the Ku wave band, and its method for designing is applicable to whole microwave band.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of 6 yuan of Ku waveband omnidirectional antennas;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of 8 yuan of Ku waveband omnidirectional antennas;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of 10 yuan of Ku waveband omnidirectional antennas;
Fig. 4 is the azimuth plane polar coordinates directional diagram of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 16GHz of emulation;
Fig. 5 is the voltage standing wave(VSW) charts for finned heat of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas in working band of emulation;
Fig. 6 is the azimuth plane polar coordinates directional diagram of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 16GHz of emulation;
Fig. 7 is the voltage standing wave(VSW) charts for finned heat of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas in working band of emulation;
Fig. 8 is the azimuth plane directional diagram of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 15GHz of actual measurement, wherein, and figure (a) and scheme (b) and be respectively antenna and respectively scan 180 azimuth plane directional diagrams when spending;
Fig. 9 is the azimuth plane directional diagram of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 16GHz of actual measurement, wherein, and figure (a) and scheme (b) and be respectively antenna and respectively scan 180 azimuth plane directional diagrams when spending;
Figure 10 is the azimuth plane directional diagram of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 17GHz of actual measurement, wherein, and figure (a) and scheme (b) and be respectively antenna and respectively scan 180 azimuth plane directional diagrams when spending;
Figure 11 is the voltage standing wave(VSW) charts for finned heat of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas in working band of actual measurement;
Figure 12 is the azimuth plane directional diagram of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 15GHz of actual measurement, wherein, and figure (a) and scheme (b) and be respectively antenna and respectively scan 180 azimuth plane directional diagrams when spending;
Figure 13 is the azimuth plane directional diagram of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 16GHz of actual measurement, wherein, and figure (a) and scheme (b) and be respectively antenna and respectively scan 180 azimuth plane directional diagrams when spending;
Figure 14 is the azimuth plane directional diagram of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 17GHz of actual measurement, wherein, and figure (a) and scheme (b) and be respectively antenna and respectively scan 180 azimuth plane directional diagrams when spending;
Figure 15 is the voltage standing wave(VSW) charts for finned heat of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas in working band of actual measurement.
Embodiment
The invention solves the problem that the high band omnidirectional antenna in microwave band is difficult to realize, researched and developed a kind of Ku waveband omnidirectional antenna (method for designing of this omnidirectional antenna is applicable to whole microwave band), this omnidirectional antenna take the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on a kind of one minute any road (this power division/synthesizer by patent name as " the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on a kind of one minute any road ", the patent number of accepting is that 201010284575.2 patent of invention is open) be the basis, be arranged in Circle-Array take horn antenna as array element, realize that the wave beam of 360 ° of Ku wave band azimuth planes covers.
This omnidirectional antenna mainly is comprised of coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer, horn antenna (input port of horn antenna is identical with the power splitter delivery outlet size) two parts on a kind of one minute any road: the delivery outlet of the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on a kind of one minute any road directly and input port (the end that size is little of horn antenna, consistent with the delivery outlet caliber size of power division/synthesizer) join together, the radiation port of horn antenna (end that size is large) is outside, forms a Circle-Array at azimuth plane.Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are respectively the structural representation of 6 yuan, 8 yuan, 10 yuan Ku waveband omnidirectional antennas.
The Ku band microwave signal of a certain frequency, access the input section of the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on a kind of one minute any road by coaxial cable, carry out constant amplitude homophase power division through this power division/synthesizer, again the signal of distributing is radiated in the free space by horn antenna, in free space, carry out the wave beam stack, form omni-directional pattern in the far field of antenna.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The present invention's's " a kind of Ku waveband omnidirectional antenna " implementation measure is as follows:
1) determines the array number N of omnidirectional antenna.
The optional scope of this omnidirectional antenna array element number selects the principle of array number to decide according to the difference requirement of following several respects between 5-12:
A. as requested omnidirectional antenna relative level changes the relative bandwidth of operation of size and decide, and the relative bandwidth of operation of the relative level variation of requirement is wider, and then array number should be chosen more.If the relative bandwidth of operation that omnidirectional antenna requires is 8%～10%, array number is chosen 5～7; Bandwidth of operation is 10%～15% relatively, and array number is chosen 8～10; Bandwidth of operation is 15%～20% relatively, and array number is chosen 11～12;
B. as requested the voltage standing wave(VSW) coefficient magnitude bandwidth and decide: if to require be 1.5 o'clock to the voltage standing wave(VSW) coefficient, bandwidth of operation is 15%～20% relatively, and array number can be chosen 5～7; Bandwidth of operation is 10%～15% relatively, and array number is chosen 8～10; If the relative bandwidth of operation that omnidirectional antenna requires is 8%～10%, array number is chosen 11～12;
C. as requested gain come fixed: certainly also relevant with the array number of choosing because the E face directional diagram width of gain and omnidirectional antenna has much relations, when the gain that requires was 3dB～5dB, array number can be chosen 5～7; When gain required as 5dB～7dB, array number was chosen 8～10; When gain required as 7dB～8dB, array number was generally chosen 11～12.
D. as requested omnidirectional antenna physical size size and decide: the array number of choosing is fewer, and physical size is less, otherwise then physical size is larger.When array number was 5, the diameter of antenna was about 90mm; When array number was 8, the diameter of antenna was about 120mm; When array number was 10, the diameter of antenna was about 150mm
In a word, array number determines and will consider according to various requirement.
2) the preliminary of the H face caliber size a of horn antenna determined.The H face caliber size of horn antenna is tentatively determined by following formula.
2 θ
0.25H=360 °/N (2 θ in the formula
0.25HBeamwidth for horn antenna H face 6dB place)
λ＝c/f
Again according to approximate expression:
Get in the actual design:
F is the centre frequency of omnidirectional antenna work in the following formula, and c is the light velocity, constant, λ be frequency f at the wavelength of free space, rad is radian (57.3 ° of 1rad ≈).
Can be similar to the H face caliber size of trying to achieve horn antenna.
3) tentatively determined the E face caliber size b of horn antenna by the gain of omnidirectional antenna.Beamwidth 2 θ
0.5And E face
Calculating approximate expression according to the gain G of omnidirectional antenna: G ≈ 10log
10[42000/ (360 ° * 2 θ
0.5E)]
Can try to achieve E ground roll beam width 2 θ of horn antenna
0.5E, again according to following formula:
Can get horn antenna E face caliber size b.
4) design of horn antenna.
By requirements such as horn antenna E face caliber size, H face caliber sizes, according to the method for designing of horn antenna (see for details " antenna works handbook), calculate the parameters such as horn antenna subtended angle and horn length L.
5) according to one minute N road coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer of method for designing design of the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on a kind of one minute any road;
6) antenna global design.Utilize electromagnetic software to carry out simulation calculation: with N 4) in the preliminary horn antenna of determining receive on the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on one minute N road, regulate horn antenna and distance, horn antenna bore a and the b of power splitter, the parameters such as length L of loudspeaker, whole antenna is carried out the simulation optimization design, so that the omnidirectional antenna overall performance satisfies specification requirement;
6 yuan, the 10 yuan omnidirectional antennas of the below take operating frequency as the Ku wave band make a presentation as example.
Example 1: omnidirectional antenna specification requirement:
1) working band: 15.5GHz～17GHz;
2) size of the relative level variation of azimuth plane omni-directional pattern permission is not more than 3dB;
3) gain: G 〉=3dB;
4) voltage standing wave(VSW) coefficient :≤1.5.
Design:
1) the relative bandwidth of operation of omnidirectional antenna is (17G-15.5G)/16.25G ≈ 9%, gains greater than the requirement of 3dB, and according to definite method of omnidirectional antenna array element number, intending choosing array number is 6;
2) calculate according to definite method of horn antenna H face caliber size:
2θ
0.25H≈360°/N＝60°
λ＝c/f≈18.46mm
3) tentatively determined the E face caliber size b of horn antenna by the gain of omnidirectional antenna.
G ≈ 10log
10[42000/ (360 * 2 θ
0.5E)]: 2 θ
0.5E60 ° of ≈
For making gain leave certain surplus, get 2 θ
0.5E=52 °, again by
Can get 0.94 * 57.3 ° * 18.46mm/52 of horn antenna E face caliber size b ≈ ° ≈ 19mm.
4) design of horn antenna.
By requirements such as horn antenna E face caliber size, H face caliber sizes, calculate the horn antenna subtended angle and be about 15 ° and horn length L and be about 25mm.
5) according to one minute six road coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer of method for designing design of the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on a kind of one minute any road;
6) the full battle array emulation of omnidirectional antenna.Utilize electromagnetic software Ansoft HFSS, 6 preliminary horn antennas of determining are terminated on coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer of one minute six tunnel, behind the simulation optimization, final determine: the distance of horn antenna and power splitter is 0, the length L=22mm of horn antenna bore a=36mm and b=22mm, loudspeaker.
Fig. 4 is the azimuth plane omni-directional pattern of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 16GHz of emulation, and Fig. 5 is the voltage standing wave(VSW) charts for finned heat of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas in working band of emulation.
Example 2: omnidirectional antenna specification requirement:
1) working band: 15GHz～17GHz;
2) the variation size of the relative level of azimuth plane omni-directional pattern permission is not more than 2dB;
3) gain: G 〉=6.5dB;
4) voltage standing wave(VSW) coefficient: VSWR≤1.5.
Design:
1) the relative bandwidth of operation of omnidirectional antenna is (17G-15G)/16G ≈ 12.5%, and gain is greater than the requirement of 6.5dB, and by definite method of omnidirectional antenna array element number, intending choosing array number is 10;
2) calculate according to definite method of horn antenna H face caliber size:
2θ
0.25H≈360°/N＝36°
λ＝c/f≈18.75mm
3) tentatively determined the E face caliber size b of horn antenna by the gain of omnidirectional antenna.
G ≈ 10log
10[42000/ (360 * 2 θ
0.5E)]: 2 θ
0.5E26 ° of ≈
For making gain leave certain surplus, get 2 θ
0.5E=22 °, again by
Can get 0.94 * 57.3 ° * 18.75mm/22 of horn antenna E face caliber size b ≈ ° ≈ 45.9mm.
4) design of horn antenna.
By requirements such as horn antenna E face caliber size, H face caliber sizes, calculate the horn antenna subtended angle and be about 15 ° and horn length L and be about 70mm.
5) according to one minute ten road coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer of method for designing design of the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on a kind of one minute any road;
6) the full battle array emulation of omnidirectional antenna.Utilize electromagnetic software Ansoft HFSS, 10 preliminary horn antennas of determining are received on coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer of one minute ten tunnel, behind the simulation optimization, final determine: the distance of horn antenna and power splitter is the length L=67mm of 1mm, horn antenna bore a=53mm and b=45mm, loudspeaker.
Fig. 6 is the azimuth plane omni-directional pattern of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas when 16GHz of emulation, and Fig. 7 is the voltage standing wave(VSW) charts for finned heat of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas in working band of emulation.
Be checking the present invention, design and processed the omnidirectional antenna of 6 yuan, 10 yuan two kinds of Ku wave bands with said method, and test.Because being subject to testing equipment limits, every directional diagram has only been tested 180 degree scopes, and we have carried out twice test at each Frequency point for this reason.Before carrying out the test second time, with omnidirectional antenna integral-rotation 180 degree.Twice test result joined, and is exactly the final testing result of omnidirectional antenna.Test result places respectively Fig. 8 to Figure 15.Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10 are respectively the respectively actual measurement directional diagram when 15.5GHz, 16GHz, 17GHz of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas, wherein the variation maximum of the relative level of centre frequency azimuth plane directional diagram permission is about 2.2dB, Figure 11 is the voltage standing wave(VSW) charts for finned heats of 6 yuan of omnidirectional antennas in working band, and the maximum voltage standing-wave ratio is 1.41 in the frequency band; Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14 are the respectively actual measurement directional diagrams when 15GHz, 16GHz, 17GHz of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas, wherein the variation maximum of the relative level of centre frequency azimuth plane directional diagram permission is about 1.6dB, Figure 15 is the voltage standing wave(VSW) charts for finned heats of 10 yuan of omnidirectional antennas in working band, and the maximum voltage standing-wave ratio is about 1.44 in the frequency band of using.
Claims (5)
1. Ku waveband omnidirectional antenna, coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer and several horn antennas of comprising one minute any road, it is characterized in that: each delivery outlet of the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on one minute any road connects the input port of a horn antenna, the radiation port of horn antenna is outside, and the radiation port of each horn antenna forms a Circle-Array at azimuth plane; Ku band microwave signal is by the input of the coaxial-waveguide power division/synthesizer on one minute any road of coaxial cable access, through being radiated in the free space by horn antenna after the constant amplitude homophase power division, in free space, carry out the wave beam stack, form omni-directional pattern in the far field of antenna.
2. according to utilizing Ku waveband omnidirectional antenna claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quantity N of described horn antenna is 5 ~ 12.
3. according to utilizing Ku waveband omnidirectional antenna claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described N is 5 o'clock, and the diameter of Circle-Array is 90mm; N is 8 o'clock, and the diameter of Circle-Array is 120mm; N is 10 o'clock, and the diameter of Circle-Array is 150mm.
4. according to utilizing Ku waveband omnidirectional antenna claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the H face caliber size a of described horn antenna is by formula
Determine, wherein,
λ be frequency f at the wavelength of free space, λ=c/f, f are the centre frequency of omnidirectional antenna work, c is the light velocity.
5. according to utilizing Ku waveband omnidirectional antenna claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the E face caliber size b of described horn antenna is by formula
Determine, wherein, 2 θ
0.5ECalculating approximate expression G ≈ 10 log according to the gain G of omnidirectional antenna
10[42000/ (360 ° * 2 θ
0.5E)] determine that this error of calculating approximate expression is less than 0.5%.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020009283A1 (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-09 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | Antenna |
| CN111033894A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2020-04-17 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | Small cell antenna suitable for MIMO operation |
| US11018416B2 (en) | 2017-02-03 | 2021-05-25 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Small cell antennas suitable for MIMO operation |
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| US7385462B1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2008-06-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Wideband radial power combiner/divider fed by a mode transducer |
| CN201112560Y (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Transverse electromagnetic field bugle set array antenna |
| CN101626113A (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2010-01-13 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Double-circle polarization and difference beam broadband corrugation horn feed antenna |
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Patent Citations (4)
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| US7385462B1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2008-06-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Wideband radial power combiner/divider fed by a mode transducer |
| CN1909401A (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2007-02-07 | 西安交通大学 | Beam switching intelligent antenna device |
| CN201112560Y (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Transverse electromagnetic field bugle set array antenna |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11018416B2 (en) | 2017-02-03 | 2021-05-25 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Small cell antennas suitable for MIMO operation |
| CN111033894A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2020-04-17 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | Small cell antenna suitable for MIMO operation |
| US10924169B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 | 2021-02-16 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Small cell antennas suitable for MIMO operation |
| CN111033894B (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2021-09-21 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | Small cell antenna suitable for MIMO operation |
| WO2020009283A1 (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-09 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | Antenna |
| US11502421B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2022-11-15 | Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. | Antenna |
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Application publication date: 20130116 |