CN102879302A - Wide-range magnetic field viscometer for high-temperature melt, and method for measuring viscosity by using same - Google Patents
Wide-range magnetic field viscometer for high-temperature melt, and method for measuring viscosity by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102879302A CN102879302A CN2012103804975A CN201210380497A CN102879302A CN 102879302 A CN102879302 A CN 102879302A CN 2012103804975 A CN2012103804975 A CN 2012103804975A CN 201210380497 A CN201210380497 A CN 201210380497A CN 102879302 A CN102879302 A CN 102879302A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wide-range magnetic field viscometer for a high-temperature melt, and a method for measuring viscosity by using the same. The viscometer comprises a measuring barrel and a stepping motor disposed above the measuring barrel, wherein the stepping motor is connected with a ceramic hanging thread through a rotating shaft; the lower end of the ceramic hanging thread is connected with a sample-holding apparatus in the measuring barrel; the rotating shaft is provided with an optical measuring system for measuring a rotational attenuation rate of the rotating shaft; a heater for increasing the temperature of the sample is disposed in the measuring barrel; the outer of the measuring barrel is sleeved with a horizontal ring-shaped magnetic field apparatus to make the position of the heater disposed in the magnetic field; the lower portion of the horizontal ring-shaped magnetic field apparatus is fixed on a lifting system to regulate the position of the magnetic field; and the measuring barrel is provided with a cooling system and an evacuating device. The viscometer can accurately measure viscosity values of various liquid materials in a temperature range of -30 DEG C-1700 DEG C under different magnetic fields, greatly increases the measured viscosity range to 0.1 cp-100 cp (mPa.s), is short in measuring period, and has high precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wide-range high-temperature fusant magnetic field viscosity meter in a kind of experiment test field, particularly a kind of instrument and the method for testing that can measure various material liquid viscosities under the different temperatures different magnetic field condition.
Background technology
The instrument and equipment that multiple measurement liquid viscosity is arranged at present both at home and abroad, but most viscosity that are used for measuring the natural conditions Normal Atmospheric Temperature Liquid are then relatively less about the viscosity of high-temperature melt surveying instrument, particularly hot environment, as the viscosity of testing the metallic steel fusant, instrument and equipment is had higher requirement.Widely used viscosity of high-temperature melt meter is rotational viscosimeter and rotary vibration formula viscosity of high-temperature melt meter, but rotational viscosimeter is owing to directly insert rotor in the tested melt, therefore not only rotor is easy and fusant reaction, change melt property, limited the scope of measuring element, and hot environment causes the damage of rotor easily, and can not high-precisionly measure, so the less measurement for high-temperature metal melt of rotational viscosimeter.But also there is a series of problem in the swinging type high temperature melt viscometer, such as: because the shearing friction power between dependence crucible and the melt and the ratio of shear rate calculate viscosity number, the viscosity number scope of measuring is less, produce rotary vibration formula liquid viscosimeter such as Japan, the viscosity test scope is 1-10cp(mPas), this scope can't satisfy the measurement requirement of current material liquid viscosity value at all.
Externally-applied magnetic field is the important means of preparation new material and current material modification, the research of physical property of liquid more and more receives people's concern under the magnetic field environment, but also there is not this product on the market, also never there is the invention of high-temperature metal melt viscometer under report, the especially magnetic field environment of pertinent instruments not report.CN 2099316U has invented viscosity measuring instrument for ferromagnetic fluid, this instrument relies on solenoid to produce induced field, moment of torsion by rotating cylinder and the proportionate relationship of viscosity draw the viscosity number of ferrofluid under the magnetic field, and this device only limits to the viscosity number of ferrofluid under the rough measure normal temperature; CN 1114745A is immersed in oscillator the viscosity of measuring fluid under the solenoid induced field in the fluid by the viscous loss of measuring oscillator energy.But its measurement range and type of fluid are limited.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the prior art deficiency, and provide a kind of wide-range high-temperature fusant magnetic field viscosity to take into account the method for measuring viscosity with it, this kind viscosity meter can measure simultaneously under the magnetic field condition with the non-magnetic field condition under the viscosity of high-temperature metal melt.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of wide-range high-temperature fusant magnetic field viscosity meter, comprise the measurement cylindrical shell, measure the stepper motor of cylindrical shell top, stepper motor connects pottery by rotating shaft and hangs silk, the lower end of pottery extension silk links to each other with the sample holding device in measuring cylindrical shell, rotating shaft is provided with the optical detecting system of measuring rotating shaft rotational delay rate, measure the calandria that is provided with the rising sample temperature in the cylindrical shell, the external cover of measuring cylinder has the horizontal annular magnetic field device that the calandria position is in the magnetic field, adjust magnetic field position on the jacking system thereby be fixed on below the horizontal annular magnetic field device, measure cylindrical shell and be provided with cooling system and vacuum extractor.
Described horizontal annular magnetic field device is socketed to form by inside and outside two toroidal magnets, and two annular magnetic physical efficiencys relatively rotate, and adjusts two toroidal magnet relative positions adjustment magnetic field sizes thereby the exterior annular magnet is provided with the turbine and worm device.The turbine and worm device is by the interlock between gear, and the worm screw of horizontal direction is converted to the circular motion of turbine, drives the toroidal magnet rotation.
Described jacking system comprises support, supports the platform in magnetic field, supports platform and the chain connection in magnetic field, and hinge sleeve links to each other with the hydraulic system of lifting jack in the middle of the cross bar on cross bar, and hydraulic system is provided with handle.Pull the handle drives hydraulic pump works, by the cross bar lifting on hydraulic system transmission fluid cylinder pressure top, cross bar drives hinge movement, chain connection platform, thereby the height of control platform.
Described optical detecting system comprises reflective mirror, generating laser, detector, reflective mirror is fixed in the rotating shaft, generating laser, detector are external in measuring cylinder, generating laser, detector are connected with computer system, generating laser sends laser, shine on the reflective mirror in the rotating shaft, laser is reflected back detector through reflective mirror, according to incident light and catoptrical time interval determination rotational delay rate.
Described vacuum extractor comprises the vacuum seal pad in the rotating shaft, the venthole and air admission hole, the vacuum pump that links to each other with air admission hole and diffusion pump that measurement cylindrical shell upper end wall is provided with.
Described cooling system is to be connected with the jacket structured of heat eliminating medium on the measuring cylinder body wall.
Described calandria inwall is provided with the molybdenum heat shield, measures the cylindrical shell inner bottom part and establishes thermopair.
Described sample holding device comprises alumina crucible and ceramic crucible, and the ceramic crucible top connects pottery and hangs silk.
By the rotation of computer control system control step motor, the computer control system that can set large stepping, Rapid reset gives pulse signal, realizes the large step forward rotation of rotating shaft, and snap back resets.
The outer horizontal annular magnetic field that is arranged with of calandria, rotary worm can be regulated the magnetic induction density in magnetic field.Horizontal annular magnetic field is fixed on the automatic lifting system, can horizontally rotate simultaneously and move up and down the toroidal magnetic field.The suspension that hangs crucible adopts high strength ceramic material to make.
With the method for above-mentioned viscosity meter measurement viscosity, step is as follows:
(1) sample is placed in the alumina crucible, the volume of sample is no more than 2/3rds of crucible, puts into ceramic crucible again, transfers to the center of calandria;
(2) will measure in the cylindrical shell and vacuumize, be filled with inert protective gas, be heated to testing sample fusing point above (being no more than 1700 ℃), be incubated 20-40 minute;
(3) rotary worm is selected the magnetic induction density in magnetic field, selects according to the physical property of different materials, and magnetic field intensity is not higher than 8000 Gausses;
(4) open stepper motor, make rotating shaft initial rotation inertia at 5000-6000Kgm
2Rotating shaft drives sample holding device and rotates, the generating laser of instrument outside sends laser, shine on the reflective mirror in the rotating shaft, laser is reflected back detector through reflective mirror, according to incident light and catoptrical time interval determination rotational delay rate, the computing formula (I) according to rotational delay rate and viscosity draws corresponding viscosity number again
（I）
In the formula, ν represents kinematic viscosity (m
2/ s); The quality (Kg) of m express liquid sample; I represents moment of inertia (Kgm
2); R
cExpression crucible radius (m); δ and δ
0The expression logarithmic decrement (number percent %) of alumina crucible and empty alumina crucible of determinand of packing into respectively; T
pAnd T
P0The logarithmic decrement cycle (s) that represents respectively melt and empty crucible; According to relatively drawing for metal bath ω=1 of a large amount of experimental datas, for nonmetal melt ω=0.9; H
sThe height (m) of filling sample in the expression crucible; N represents the number (open containers, the n=1 that contact with the liquor sample surface level; Closed container, n=2);
The η=ρ ν that concerns by kinetic viscosity (mPas) and kinematic viscosity can obtain kinetic viscosity.
The present invention can accurately measure the viscosity number of the fluent material in the wide range of viscosities, owing to the rate of decay of regulating rotating shaft by the rotation amplitude of control rotating shaft, therefore can be different according to rotation amplitude, and realize the measurement of different melt viscosity.Owing to adopted horizontal annular magnetic field, can measure the viscosity number of the liquid under the different magnetic induction density, and can measure by automatic lifting system the viscosity number of the fluent material under magnetic field condition and the non-magnetic field condition simultaneously.
The present invention adopts horizontal annular magnetic field to record the viscosity property of the physical property, particularly high-temperature metal melt of liquid material under the magnetic field environment.Magnetic field can change the thermal convection of metal bath inside and the transmission mode of solute, and finds that magnetic field can weaken the natural convection of melt inside.The effect of one " equivalent micro-gravity " is played in the adding in magnetic field.Change the dispersal behavior of metallic atom by metallic ion and the electronics Lorentz force that the cutting magnetic induction line motion produces in magnetic field, and then changed the internal friction of melt, namely changed the viscosity of melt.Therefore magnetic field can significantly change the viscous behavior of liquid material.Special design of the present invention ceramic suspension material avoided in the measuring process magnetic field that the acting force of instrument itself has been got rid of the interference of instrument error to measuring accuracy, the viscosity that therefore records is the viscosity number of liquid material under the magnetic field environment.
The present invention can Accurate Measurement-30 viscosity numbers of various liquid materials under the different magnetic field condition in ℃ of-1700 ℃ scopes, and make the range of viscosities of measurement greatly bring up to 0.1Cp-100cp(mPas), measuring period is short, precision is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is horizontal annular magnetic field device structural representation,
(a) lines of magnetic induction direction synoptic diagram, (b) ring magnetic field synoptic diagram in the horizontal annular magnetic field device, (c) horizontal annular magnetic field device outer shroud magnetic field synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the viscosity number of the water that records of embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is the viscosity number of the metal bath that records of embodiment 2;
Fig. 5 is jacking system structural representation of the present invention;
Wherein, 1-stepper motor, 2-reflective mirror, 3-(He-Ne) generating laser, the 4-detector, 5-heat eliminating medium, 6-molybdenum heat shield, 7-(graphite) calandria, the 8-jacking system, the 9-thermopair, the 10-pottery is hung silk, 11-inertia disk, the 12-vacuum pump, 13-sample, 14-horizontal annular magnetic field device, 15-heat eliminating medium, the 16-alumina crucible, the 17-handle, the 18-hydraulic system, 19-supports the platform in magnetic field, the 20-hinge, 21-cross bar, 22-support.
Embodiment
Further specify below in conjunction with embodiment.
Such as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, a kind of wide-range high-temperature fusant magnetic field viscosity meter, comprise the measurement cylindrical shell, measure the stepper motor 1 of cylindrical shell top, stepper motor 1 connects pottery by rotating shaft and hangs silk 10, the lower end of pottery extension silk 10 links to each other with the sample holding device in measuring cylindrical shell, rotating shaft is provided with optical detecting systematic survey rotating shaft rotational delay rate, measure the calandria 7 that is provided with the rising sample temperature in the cylindrical shell, the external cover of measuring cylinder has horizontal annular magnetic field device 14 that the calandria position is in the magnetic field, adjust magnetic field position on the jacking system 8 thereby be fixed on below the horizontal annular magnetic field device 14, measure cylindrical shell and be provided with cooling system and vacuum extractor.
Horizontal annular magnetic field device 14 is socketed to form by inside and outside two toroidal magnets, and two toroidal magnets can relatively move, and adjusts two toroidal magnet relative positions adjustment magnetic field sizes thereby the exterior annular magnet is provided with manual turbine and worm device.The turbine and worm device is by the interlock between gear, and the worm screw of horizontal direction is converted to the circular motion of turbine, drives the toroidal magnet rotation.
The optical detecting system comprises reflective mirror 2, generating laser 3, detector 4, reflective mirror 2 is fixed in the rotating shaft, generating laser 3, detector 4 are external in measuring cylinder, generating laser 3, detector 4 are connected with computer system, generating laser 3 sends laser, shine on the reflective mirror 2 in the rotating shaft, laser is reflected back detector through reflective mirror, according to incident light and catoptrical time interval determination rotational delay rate.
Vacuum extractor comprises the vacuum seal pad in the rotating shaft, the venthole and air admission hole, the vacuum pump that links to each other with air admission hole and diffusion pump that measurement cylindrical shell upper end wall is provided with.Cooling system is to be connected with the jacket structured of heat eliminating medium 15 on the measuring cylinder body wall.
Calandria 7 inwalls are provided with molybdenum heat shield 6, measure the cylindrical shell inner bottom part and establish thermopair 9.Sample holding device comprises alumina crucible 16 and ceramic crucible, and the ceramic crucible top connects pottery and hangs silk 10, and pottery is hung silk and adopted high strength ceramic material to make.As follows to the viscosity test of different samples with described viscosity meter:
Measure the viscosity number of tap water under the different magnetic field environment:
(1) sample water is placed sample holding device, transfer to the calandria position;
(2) will measure in the cylindrical shell and vacuumize, be filled with argon gas, be heated to 30-50 ℃ of insulation 30min;
(3) rotary worm is selected the magnetic induction density in magnetic field, selects respectively magnetic induction density to be: 0G, 420G, 720G, 1200G, 1700G, 2200G, 2850G.
(4) open stepper motor, rotating shaft drives sample holding device and rotates, the He-Ne laser instrument of instrument outside sends laser, shine on the optical element in the rotating shaft, laser is reflected back detector through optical element, according to incident light and catoptrical time interval determination rotational delay rate, the computing formula (I) according to rotational delay rate and viscosity draws corresponding viscosity number again
Moment of inertia I=5886Kgm
2, crucible radius: 29mm, sample quality: 25.7g, ω=0.9.
Utilize viscosity added value that wide-range high-temperature fusant described herein magnetic field viscosity meter recorded tap water under the different magnetic induction density over time, see Fig. 3, externally-applied magnetic field increases the viscosity of tap water; And magnetic induction density is larger, and Δ η is larger.Relatively the viscosity change curve in the 0G situation and the curve under the externally-applied magnetic field condition can draw, and externally-applied magnetic field causes the viscosity number of tap water to have certain undulatory property; When magnetic induction density was 2850G, fluctuation range was ± 0.15mPas.
The viscosity added value that the viscosity data of tap water can draw tap water under the above-mentioned magnetic field environment is linear with the increase of magnetic induction density to be increased.The impact of Magnetic Field on Water viscosity mainly is the effect to hydrated ion.The transformation of molecular structure does not exist or not obvious in the Magnetic Field on Water.
The viscosity number of Al-0.5%Fe alloy melt under the different magnetic field environment:
(1) the Al-0.5%Fe alloy sample is placed sample holding device, transfer to the calandria position;
(2) will measure in the cylindrical shell and vacuumize, and be filled with argon gas and protect gas, and measure after being heated to 875 ℃ of insulation 30min, then every 20 ℃ of coolings, each measures temperature spot needs to be incubated 30min;
(3) rotary worm is selected the magnetic induction density in magnetic field; Select respectively magnetic induction density to be: 0G, 420G, 650G, 880G
(4) open stepper motor, rotating shaft drives sample holding device and rotates, the HeNe laser instrument of instrument outside sends laser, shine on the optical element in the rotating shaft, laser is reflected back detector through optical element, according to incident light and catoptrical time interval determination rotational delay rate, the computing formula (I) according to rotational delay rate and viscosity draws corresponding viscosity number again
Moment of inertia I=5886Kgm
2, crucible radius: 29mm, sample quality: 68.5g, ω=1.
Utilize wide-range high-temperature fusant described herein magnetic field viscosity meter to record the viscosity change law of Al-0.5%Fe high-temperature metal melt under the different magnetic induction density, see Fig. 4, as can be seen from the figure under the different magnetic induction density, Al-0.5%Fe melt viscosity value has significant difference.
Viscosity data under Al-0.5%Fe melt magnetic field environment can draw, and along with the increase of magnetic induction density, the viscosity number of Al-0.5%Fe melt significantly increases.Be the physical property that externally-applied magnetic field can significantly change metal bath, changed the dispersal behavior of atom.This is up to now, the state value under the new physical environment of metal bath.
Claims (9)
1. wide-range high-temperature fusant magnetic field viscosity meter, comprise the measurement cylindrical shell, measure the stepper motor of cylindrical shell top, it is characterized in that, stepper motor connects pottery by rotating shaft and hangs silk, the lower end of pottery extension silk links to each other with the sample holding device in measuring cylindrical shell, rotating shaft is provided with the optical detecting system of measuring rotating shaft rotational delay rate, measure the calandria that is provided with the rising sample temperature in the cylindrical shell, the external cover of measuring cylinder has the horizontal annular magnetic field device that the calandria position is in the magnetic field, adjust magnetic field position on the jacking system thereby be fixed on below the horizontal annular magnetic field device, measure cylindrical shell and be provided with cooling system and vacuum extractor.
2. wide-range high-temperature fusant according to claim 1 magnetic field viscosity meter, it is characterized in that, described horizontal annular magnetic field device is socketed to form by inside and outside two toroidal magnets, two annular magnetic physical efficiencys relatively rotate, and adjust two toroidal magnet relative positions adjustment magnetic field sizes thereby the exterior annular magnet is provided with the turbine and worm device.
3. wide-range high-temperature fusant according to claim 1 magnetic field viscosity meter, it is characterized in that, described jacking system comprises support, supports the platform in magnetic field, support platform and the chain connection in magnetic field, hinge sleeve is on cross bar, link to each other with the hydraulic system of lifting jack in the middle of the cross bar, hydraulic system is provided with handle.
4. wide-range high-temperature fusant according to claim 1 magnetic field viscosity meter, it is characterized in that, described optical detecting system comprises reflective mirror, generating laser, detector, reflective mirror is fixed in the rotating shaft, generating laser, detector are external in measuring cylinder, generating laser, detector are connected with computer system, generating laser sends laser, shine on the reflective mirror in the rotating shaft, laser is reflected back detector through reflective mirror, according to incident light and catoptrical time interval determination rotational delay rate.
5. wide-range high-temperature fusant according to claim 1 magnetic field viscosity meter, it is characterized in that described vacuum extractor comprises the vacuum seal pad in the rotating shaft, the venthole and air admission hole, the vacuum pump that links to each other with air admission hole and diffusion pump that measurement cylindrical shell upper end wall is provided with.
6. wide-range high-temperature fusant according to claim 1 magnetic field viscosity meter is characterized in that described cooling system is to be connected with the jacket structured of heat eliminating medium on the measuring cylinder body wall.
7. wide-range high-temperature fusant according to claim 1 magnetic field viscosity meter is characterized in that described calandria inwall is provided with the molybdenum heat shield, measures the cylindrical shell inner bottom part and establishes thermopair.
8. wide-range high-temperature fusant according to claim 1 magnetic field viscosity meter is characterized in that described sample holding device comprises alumina crucible and ceramic crucible, and the ceramic crucible top connects pottery and hangs silk.
9. measure the method for viscosity with the described viscosity meter of claim 1, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) sample is placed in the alumina crucible, the volume of sample is no more than 2/3rds of crucible, puts into ceramic crucible again, transfers to the center of calandria;
(2) will measure in the cylindrical shell and vacuumize, be filled with inert protective gas, be heated to more than the testing sample fusing point, be incubated 20-40 minute;
(3) rotary worm is selected the magnetic induction density in magnetic field, selects according to the physical property of different materials, and magnetic field intensity is not higher than 8000 Gausses;
(4) open stepper motor, make rotating shaft initial rotation inertia at 5000-6000Kgm
2Rotating shaft drives sample holding device and rotates, the generating laser of instrument outside sends laser, shine on the reflective mirror in the rotating shaft, laser is reflected back detector through reflective mirror, according to incident light and catoptrical time interval determination rotational delay rate, the computing formula (I) according to rotational delay rate and viscosity draws corresponding viscosity number again
（I）
In the formula, ν represents kinematic viscosity, m
2/ s; The quality of m express liquid sample, Kg; I represents moment of inertia, Kgm
2R
cExpression crucible radius, m; δ and δ
0The expression logarithmic decrement of alumina crucible and empty alumina crucible of determinand of packing into respectively, number percent %; T
pAnd T
P0The logarithmic decrement cycle that represents respectively melt and empty crucible, s; According to relatively drawing for metal bath ω=1 of a large amount of experimental datas, for nonmetal melt ω=0.9; H
sThe height of filling sample in the expression crucible, m; N represents the number that contacts with the liquor sample surface level, open containers, n=1, closed container, n=2;
The η=ρ ν that concerns by kinetic viscosity and kinematic viscosity can obtain kinetic viscosity.
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| CN2012103804975A CN102879302A (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2012-10-09 | Wide-range magnetic field viscometer for high-temperature melt, and method for measuring viscosity by using same |
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| CN103727136A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-04-16 | 平湖市永光机械配件有限公司 | Rotating shaft seat of viscosity meter |
| CN105823709A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-08-03 | 武汉纺织大学 | Processing device allowing metal to move in various modes in magnetic field |
| CN105891050A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-24 | 山东大学 | Variable magnetic field high-temperature melt oscillation viscometer and rapid measurement method thereof |
| CN106596865A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-04-26 | 华北理工大学 | Melt physical property measurement probe suspension device |
| CN113188955A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-30 | 燕山大学 | Helmholtz coil-based magnetorheological fluid viscosity measurement experiment platform |
| CN115326639A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-11-11 | 江苏久诺新材科技股份有限公司 | Paint viscosity detection equipment |
| CN117233086A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2023-12-15 | 包头江馨微电机科技有限公司 | Magnet bonding strength detection device and voice coil motor magnet detection system |
| CN117607034A (en) * | 2024-01-22 | 2024-02-27 | 包头江馨微电机科技有限公司 | Oblique magnetite bonding strength detection device |
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| CN113188955A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-30 | 燕山大学 | Helmholtz coil-based magnetorheological fluid viscosity measurement experiment platform |
| CN115326639A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-11-11 | 江苏久诺新材科技股份有限公司 | Paint viscosity detection equipment |
| CN117233086A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2023-12-15 | 包头江馨微电机科技有限公司 | Magnet bonding strength detection device and voice coil motor magnet detection system |
| CN117233086B (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-01-26 | 包头江馨微电机科技有限公司 | Magnet bonding strength detection device and voice coil motor magnet detection system |
| CN117607034A (en) * | 2024-01-22 | 2024-02-27 | 包头江馨微电机科技有限公司 | Oblique magnetite bonding strength detection device |
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Application publication date: 20130116 |