CN102869840A - 复合绝热板材 - Google Patents

复合绝热板材 Download PDF

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CN102869840A
CN102869840A CN2011800197620A CN201180019762A CN102869840A CN 102869840 A CN102869840 A CN 102869840A CN 2011800197620 A CN2011800197620 A CN 2011800197620A CN 201180019762 A CN201180019762 A CN 201180019762A CN 102869840 A CN102869840 A CN 102869840A
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任洪彬
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LKB Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明通过提出一种包括绝热材料(110)、中空板(120)和砂浆层(130)的复合绝热板材(100)，从而能够降低绝热作业的人力和费用，减小绝热结构的厚度并扩大建筑物的内部空间，能够防止冬天结露现象的发生；其中绝热材料(110)由发泡性合成树脂材质形成；中空板(120)由合成树脂材质形成，在宽度方向上形成有多个中空部(121)，且粘合至绝热材料的表面；砂浆层(130)由聚合物水泥砂浆材质形成于中空板(120)的表面。

Description

复合绝热板材
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑领域，具体地，涉及绝热板材。
背景技术
绝热板材是指为了对建筑物提供绝热性能而在建筑物内部使用的材料，由发泡苯乙烯泡沫、发泡聚氨酯泡沫等发泡性合成树脂材质形成的板材。
图1示出了设有现有的绝热板材20的建筑物的剖面图。
如图所示，绝热板材20设于壁体10的内侧面，该绝热板材20的内侧面上设有像砖一样的装饰材料30。
然而，这种现有的绝热板材和设置结构具有下列问题。
第一，由于需要对壁体10进行设置绝热板材20和设置装饰材料30的二次作业，因此存在作业的人力和费用过高的问题。
第二，由于采用绝热板材20和装饰材料30的二重结构，因此厚度减小有限，存在建筑物内部空间变窄的问题。
第三，通过这样的二重结构，难以形成密实的绝热结构，存在冬天由于室内外温差而容易发生结露现象的问题。
本发明为了解决上述问题而作出，目的在于提出一种复合绝热板材，从而能够降低绝热作业的人力和费用，减小绝热结构的厚度并扩大建筑物的内部空间，能够防止冬天结露现象的发生。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出了一种复合绝热板材(100)，包括：绝热材料(110)，由发泡性合成树脂材质形成；中空板(120)，由合成树脂材质形成，在宽度方向上形成有多个中空部(121)，且粘合至所述绝热材料(110)的表面；砂浆层(130)，由聚合物水泥砂浆材质形成于所述中空板(120)的表面。
优选地，所述绝热材料(110)和所述中空板(120)通过聚氨酯材质的粘合剂粘合。
优选地，形成所述砂浆层(130)的所述聚合物水泥砂浆含有12～20重量％的快硬水泥、10～30重量％的普通水泥、30～50重量％的硅砂(60～100目)、5～10重量％的硫酸钠、15～25重量％的苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂(styrene-ethylene vinyl vasatate emulsion)、4～8重量％的硬脂酸盐、0.01～10重量％的添加剂。
优选地，所述添加剂为选自由增稠剂、消泡剂、分散剂、粘合剂和防腐剂组成的组中的一种以上。
优选地，相对于所述聚合物水泥砂浆的重量，所述添加剂含有0.1～3重量％的甲基纤维素类增稠剂、0.02～2重量％的硅类消泡剂以及0.1～5重量％的三聚氰胺-磺酸盐类甲醛缩合物分散剂。
本发明提出一种能够降低绝热作业的人力和费用、减小绝热结构的厚度并扩大建筑物的内部空间且能够防止冬天结露现象发生的复合绝热板材。
附图说明
图1为设有现有的绝热板材的建筑物的剖面图；
图2以下示出了本发明的一个实施例：
图2为复合绝热板材的剖面图；
图3为复合绝热板材的使用状态图；
图4为钙矾石的照片；
图5为示出了快硬聚合物水泥砂浆组合物的防止毛细管气孔浸透的功能的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。
如图2和图3所示，本发明涉及的复合绝热板材100基本上包括以下而构成：绝热材料110，由发泡性合成树脂材质形成；中空板120，由合成树脂材质形成，在宽度方向上形成有多个中空部121，且粘合至所述绝热材料110的表面；砂浆层130，由聚合物水泥砂浆材质形成于所述中空板120的表面。
这里，绝热材料110是由发泡苯乙烯泡沫、发泡聚氨酯泡沫等发泡性合成树脂材质形成，中空板120是由聚丙烯那样的合成树脂材质形成，中空部121形成用于防止结露、绝热、隔音的空气层。
形成砂浆层130的材质是聚合物水泥，已知聚合物水泥是将作为结合材料的水泥的一部分替换为聚合物外加剂(admixture)(聚合物胶乳，分散、再乳化型聚合物粉末，水溶性聚合物，液态树脂，单体等)的材料，强度优异是必然的，而且粘合性、水密性等也极其优异。
本发明中，通过将中空板120粘合至绝热材料110的表面，在该表面上由上述聚合物水泥材质的砂浆形成砂浆层130，从而兼顾绝热板材本身以及装饰材料。
从而，具有以下效果。
第一，对于壁体10，仅设有复合绝热板材100，得到与现有的设置绝热板材20和设置装饰材料30的二次作业相同的结果，能够降低作业的人力和费用。
第二，聚合物水泥砂浆即使较薄地涂布1～2mm左右，也能充分发挥高于现有装饰材料的性能，因此与现有的绝热板材20和装饰材料30的二重结构相比，能够显著减小绝热结构的厚度，从而扩大建筑物的内部空间。
第三，形成表面的砂浆层130的聚合物水泥，是基本上粘合性、水密性优异的材料，本发明涉及的板材中，由于提供了绝热材料110、中空板120和砂浆层130一体形成状态的壁面，因此能够形成密实的绝热结构，且能够防止冬天结露现象的发生。
虽然绝热材料110和中空板120能够通过多种材质的粘合剂粘合，但作为粘合剂使用聚氨酯材质的粘合剂的情况下，还具有能够使附着所伴随的变形和环境污染最小化的优点。
以下，对形成砂浆层130的聚合物水泥砂浆的具体实施例进行说明。
优选地，所述聚合物水泥砂浆采用含有12～20重量％的快硬水泥、10～30重量％的普通水泥、30～50重量％的硅砂(60～100目)、5～10重量％的硫酸钠、15～25重量％的苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂、4～8重量％的硬脂酸盐以及0.01～10重量％的添加剂的构成。
使用聚合物水泥砂浆作为表面装饰材料的最大问题在于，聚合物水泥砂浆在硬化的同时发生龟裂，通过这样的龟裂或聚合物水泥砂浆内部存在的毛细管气孔，水、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)、二氧化碳和亚硫酸气体那样的对环境有害的离子等发生浸透。
上述组成中，通过快硬水泥和硫酸钠反应在砂浆的毛细管气孔内部生成钙矾石结晶，由苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂在毛细管气孔内部形成溶胀性聚合物和弹性薄膜，从而具有这样的优点：防止聚合物水泥砂浆干燥时由于收缩而发生龟裂，完全阻隔水、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)、二氧化碳和亚硫酸气体那样的对环境有害的离子等通过毛细管气孔发生浸透。
以下，对组成成分进行特别说明。
上述快硬水泥与普通水泥相比，具有硬化时间缩短1小时～3小时左右的特性。
这种快硬水泥的快硬特性，是通过水泥的水合过程中生成的称为钙矾石的矿物表现出来，快硬水泥组成矿物中的C3A(3CaO Al2O3)成分在水合初期与硫酸离子反应迅速生成钙矾石。
此时生成的钙矾石是作为1微米以下的结晶生成的，其不仅表现出快硬特性，还通过进入砂浆的毛细管空隙并填充空隙，实现了防止由于水分蒸发而发生的收缩，防止由于收缩而发生的龟裂，防止水浸透和有害离子浸透的作用。
因此，由微细的钙矾石结晶填充的空隙使水密性提高。
上述钙矾石的形态示于图4。
如图4所示，钙矾石结晶作为1微米以下的球体结晶形成于砂浆的毛细管空隙中。
这种快硬水泥与普通水泥的粉末度3500cm2/g相比，以粉末度5500cm2/g以上的微粉形态使用。
优选地，相对于组合物的总重量，含有12～20重量％的快硬水泥，因为如果不足12重量％，则存在砂浆组合物的硬化时间变长的缺点，如果超过20重量％，则硬化极其迅速，存在难以保证作业性的缺点。
另外，优选地，相对于组合物的总重量，含有5～10重量％的硫酸钠，因为如果不足5重量％，则存在难以充分生成钙矾石的问题，如果超过10重量％，则存在生成钙矾石过多，由于钙矾石而发生膨胀龟裂的问题。
上述普通水泥是指一般使用的波特兰水泥，相对于组合物的总重量，含有10～30重量％时，砂浆组合物的物性优异，也比较经济。
上述硅砂(60～100目)使用一般用于砂浆组合物的硅砂，优选使用硅石含量在90％以上的硅砂。
相对于组合物的总重量，含有30～50重量％的硅砂时，能够提供在防止材料分离、表现砂浆的压缩强度和砂浆表面装饰性方面较好的效果。
上述硬脂酸盐为防水剂成分，可以使用本领域中广泛使用的常见硬脂酸盐。
相对于组合物的总重量，含有4～8重量％的这种硬脂酸盐时，能提供砂浆组合物的防水性和整体物性方面的较好效果。
另外，除了上述硬脂酸盐那样的现有已知防水性材料以外，还可以使用苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂。
苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂是溶胀特性优异的材质，由于在砂浆的毛细管气孔内部形成溶胀性聚合物和弹性泡沫，因此防止水、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)及其他严重损害水泥类材料的离子的浸透。
特别地，在水或水分浸透的情况下，在砂浆的毛细管气孔内部通过苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂生成的溶胀性聚合物一边膨胀，一边阻隔水和水分的浸透。
另外，通过在砂浆的毛细管气孔内部生成的弹性泡沫来增加砂浆的伸缩率，防止干燥后发生龟裂。
图5中示意性示出了苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂的溶胀特性。
如图5所示，由苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂形成的溶胀性聚合物存在于砂浆的毛细管气孔内部，若来自外部的水分和有害离子浸透则发生膨胀，实现堵塞毛细管气孔的效果。
苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂可以购买市售商品进行使用。市售商品可以举出例如德国BASF公司的Acronal S559(产品名)，或科莱恩(Clariant)公司的LDM6880(产品名)等。
上述添加剂可以举出选自由增稠剂、消泡剂、分散剂、粘合剂、防腐剂等组成的组中的一种以上，相对于组合物的总重量，含有0.1～10重量％的上述添加剂。
特别地，作为添加剂，相对于组合物的总重量，含有0.1～3重量％的甲基纤维素类增稠剂、0.02～2重量％的硅类消泡剂以及0.1～5重量％的三聚氰胺-磺酸盐类甲醛缩合物分散剂时，聚合物水泥砂浆组合物表现出更好的物性。
实施例
以下，通过实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
但是，下述的实施例为对本发明的具体说明，本发明的范围不限定于下述的实施例。技术人员能够在本发明的范围内对下述实施例进行修改和变更。
将快硬水泥160kg、普通水泥240kg、粉末度80～100目为95％且硅石含量在90％以上的硅砂320kg、硫酸钠60kg、苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂(德国BASF公司的Acronal S559)200kg、硬脂酸盐20kg、甲基纤维素类增稠剂1.2kg、硅类消泡剂0.8kg以及三聚氰胺-磺酸盐类甲醛缩合物分散剂2kg混合，制造1000kg聚合物水泥砂浆组合物。
分别将聚合物水泥砂浆组合物与水混合(水∶砂浆组合物＝22∶100的比例)状态下的砂浆、市售制品(用于表面装饰的水泥砂浆)与水混合(水∶砂浆＝22∶100的比例)状态下的砂浆在绝热板材试验片上涂布5mm厚之后，比较物性。结果示于下述表1。
表1
  实施例1   市售制品  试验方法
  压缩强度(kgf/cm2)   252   172  KSL5105
  附着强度(kgf/cm2)   25   6  KSF4918
  吸水率(％)   2.1   15.2  KSF4925
  表面微小破碎性   无龟裂   发生龟裂  KSF4716
  硬化时间   28分   197分  养护温度：20±3℃
如表1所确认的那样，本发明适用于绝热板材的聚合物水泥砂浆组合物与现有使用的市售制品相比，压缩强度和附着强度显著更加优异，也不发生龟裂，且表现出极其优异的防水性(吸水率)。
另外，明确了在使用硬化时间短的板材或板面的情况下，能够缩短制造时间。
以上，仅说明了能够通过本发明实现的实施例的一部分，众所周知，本发明的范围不受到上述实施例的限定和解释，应当理解与上述的本发明技术思想及其实质相同的技术思想全部落入本发明的范围内。
符号说明
100    复合绝热板材
110    绝热材料
120    中空板
121    中空部
130    砂浆层

Claims (4)

1.一种复合绝热板材(100)，其特征在于，所述复合绝热板材(100)包括：
绝热材料(110)，由发泡性合成树脂材质形成；
中空板(120)，由合成树脂材质形成，在宽度方向上形成有多个中空部(121)，且粘合至所述绝热材料(110)的表面；
砂浆层(130)，由聚合物水泥砂浆材质形成于所述中空板(120)的表面；
其中，所述砂浆层(130)的厚度为1～5mm；
形成所述砂浆层(130)的所述聚合物水泥砂浆含有：
12～20重量％的快硬水泥；
10～30重量％的普通水泥；
30～50重量％的硅砂(60～100目)；
5～10重量％的硫酸钠；
15～25重量％的苯乙烯-乙烯叔碳酸乙烯酯乳剂；
4～8重量％的硬脂酸盐；
0.01～10重量％的添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合绝热板材(100)，其特征在于，所述绝热材料(110)和所述中空板(120)通过聚氨酯材质的粘合剂粘合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合绝热板材(100)，其特征在于，所述添加剂为选自由增稠剂、消泡剂、分散剂、粘合剂和防腐剂组成的组中的一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合绝热板材(100)，其特征在于，相对于所述聚合物水泥砂浆的重量，所述添加剂含有0.1～3重量％的甲基纤维素类增稠剂、0.02～2重量％的硅类消泡剂以及0.1～5重量％的三聚氰胺-磺酸盐类甲醛缩合物分散剂。
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