CN102868207A - Frequency optimizing method for photovoltaic-diesel complementary independent micro power grid - Google Patents

Frequency optimizing method for photovoltaic-diesel complementary independent micro power grid Download PDF

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CN102868207A
CN102868207A CN2012103368730A CN201210336873A CN102868207A CN 102868207 A CN102868207 A CN 102868207A CN 2012103368730 A CN2012103368730 A CN 2012103368730A CN 201210336873 A CN201210336873 A CN 201210336873A CN 102868207 A CN102868207 A CN 102868207A
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output
photovoltaic
diesel
frequency
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米阳
田越
王利民
韩云昊
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
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Abstract

The invention relates to a frequency optimizing method for a photovoltaic-diesel complementary independent micro power grid. An independent micro power grid model that power is supplied for a load by photovoltaic-diesel mixing is established, the output of a speed controller is applied to response and adjust the output power of a diesel generator, a PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) compensating controller is designed for the active power adjustment of a diesel power generating system, a good effect that the frequency deviation does not exceed +/- 0.02Hz is obtained through matlab software simulation, and the power quality in the whole operation process of the micro power grid is improved. The problem of frequency deviation of the micro power grid under an islanding state can be effectively solved, the structure is simple and effective, the cost is lower, and engineering application is facilitated.

Description

光柴互补独立微电网的频率优化方法Frequency optimization method of solar-diesel complementary independent microgrid

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种微电网频率优化控制技术，特别涉及一种基于PID策略的光柴互补独立微电网的频率优化方法。 The invention relates to a frequency optimization control technology of a micro-grid, in particular to a frequency optimization method of a photovoltaic-diesel complementary independent micro-grid based on a PID strategy.

背景技术 Background technique

随着全球变暖和化石能源的短缺，人类对新能源的需求日益增加。在各种新能源中，光伏由于其无污染、可再生等优点，是未来满足电力需求的非常重要的清洁能源。但是光伏发电由于受天气条件变化的影响输出功率具有波动性，会对大电网的电能质量如频率等造成污染。因此，为解决分布式电源接入的问题，协调大电网和分布式电源的矛盾，充分挖掘分布式发电为电网和用户带来的价值与效益，在本世纪初，学者们提出了微电网的概念：利用先进的电力电子技术，将微电源、负荷、储能系统及控制装置等结合，形成一个单一可控的单元，同时向用户供给电和热。微电网既可与大电网联网运行，也可在电网故障或需要时与主网断开单独运行。 With global warming and the shortage of fossil energy, the human demand for new energy is increasing day by day. Among all kinds of new energy, photovoltaic is a very important clean energy to meet the power demand in the future due to its advantages such as non-pollution and renewable. However, due to the fluctuation of the output power of photovoltaic power generation due to the influence of changes in weather conditions, it will cause pollution to the power quality of the large power grid, such as frequency. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of distributed power access, coordinate the contradiction between large power grids and distributed power, and fully tap the value and benefits brought by distributed power generation to power grids and users, at the beginning of this century, scholars proposed the concept of microgrid. Concept: Utilize advanced power electronics technology to combine micro power supply, load, energy storage system and control device to form a single controllable unit to supply electricity and heat to users at the same time. The microgrid can be connected to the large grid, and can also be disconnected from the main grid when the grid fails or needs to be run independently.

孤岛运行是微网的重要运行模式。在一些偏远山区、军事要塞等地方，架设长距离输电线路成本非常高，经济性差，而且受地理环境的影响很大。微电网孤岛运行模式的出现很好的解决了这些问题，有效地触及了大电网所不能延伸的地方。孤岛模式下运行的微电网可以作为大电网的补充。但是由于微网中存在间歇性新能源，大量的系统问题（电压波动、频率偏差等）频繁出现，这也是当前微网独立运行时面临的主要问题。所以，针对微网独立运行时的特点进行深入研究，为独立微电网安全、稳定、经济运行提供理论上和技术上的保障，具有非常重要的现实意义。 Island operation is an important operation mode of microgrid. In some remote mountainous areas, military fortresses and other places, the cost of erecting long-distance transmission lines is very high, the economy is poor, and it is greatly affected by the geographical environment. The emergence of the island operation mode of the microgrid solves these problems well, and effectively touches the places where the large power grid cannot extend. Microgrids operating in island mode can complement the larger grid. However, due to the intermittent new energy in the microgrid, a large number of system problems (voltage fluctuations, frequency deviations, etc.) frequently occur, which is also the main problem faced by the current independent operation of the microgrid. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to conduct in-depth research on the characteristics of the independent operation of the microgrid and provide theoretical and technical guarantees for the safe, stable and economical operation of the independent microgrid.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明是针对孤岛模式下运行的微电网不稳定的问题，提出了一种光柴互补独立微电网的频率优化方法，建立了光柴混合为负荷供电的独立微电网模型，设计PID补偿控制器对柴油发电系统进行有功功率调整，从而实现微网频率偏差的抑制，改善了微网整体运行过程中的电能质量。 The present invention is aimed at the problem of instability of the micro-grid operating in the island mode, and proposes a frequency optimization method for the independent micro-grid with complementary light and diesel, establishes a model of the independent micro-grid for the load power supply by combining light and diesel, and designs a PID compensation controller The active power of the diesel power generation system is adjusted to suppress the frequency deviation of the microgrid and improve the power quality during the overall operation of the microgrid.

本发明的技术方案为：一种光柴互补独立微电网的频率优化方法，微电网中包括光伏发电和柴油机发电混合供电系统，共同给负载供电，频率优化方法具体包括如下步骤： The technical solution of the present invention is: a frequency optimization method for a photovoltaic and diesel complementary independent micro-grid. The micro-grid includes a hybrid power supply system of photovoltaic power generation and diesel engine power generation to jointly supply power to loads. The frequency optimization method specifically includes the following steps:

1）建立光伏系统数学模型                                                

Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，
Figure 974755DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，，
Figure 620500DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
，其中
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
和
Figure 932533DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
分别是光伏系统中太阳能电池模块的输出电流和输出电压，
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
是光生电流，
Figure 980123DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
是光电池反向饱和电流，是电子电量，
Figure 372707DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
是波尔兹曼常数，是二极管理想因子，
Figure 505748DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
是并联电池数，
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
是串联电池数，
Figure 621471DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
是光电池内阻电流，是温度在
Figure 523568DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
时的饱和电流，
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
是光伏阵列的温度，
Figure 66545DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
是参考温度，
Figure 358986DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
是材料跨越能阶所需能量，
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
是短路电流温度系数，是太阳能电池模块的短路电流，
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
是日照强度，
Figure 35004DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
是太阳能电池模块内阻； 1) Establish a mathematical model of the photovoltaic system
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,
Figure 974755DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, ,
Figure 620500DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
,in
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
and
Figure 932533DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
are the output current and output voltage of the solar cell module in the photovoltaic system,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is the photogenerated current,
Figure 980123DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is the reverse saturation current of the photocell, is the electronic power,
Figure 372707DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is the Boltzmann constant, is the diode ideality factor,
Figure 505748DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is the number of batteries connected in parallel,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is the number of cells in series,
Figure 621471DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is the photocell internal resistance current, is the temperature at
Figure 523568DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The saturation current at
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
is the temperature of the photovoltaic array,
Figure 66545DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
is the reference temperature,
Figure 358986DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the energy required for the material to cross the energy level,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
is the short-circuit current temperature coefficient, is the short-circuit current of the solar cell module,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
is the sunlight intensity,
Figure 35004DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
is the internal resistance of the solar cell module;

2）建立包含柴油机发电系统的传递函数模型

Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
，其中
Figure 748882DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
是柴油发电机的时间常数，
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
是柴油发电机的增益； 2) Establish a transfer function model including diesel engine power generation system
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
,in
Figure 748882DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
is the time constant of the diesel generator,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
is the gain of the diesel generator;

3）光伏发电系统采用mppt控制算法获得最大的新能源功率输出，微电网的发电功率和负荷差输入调速器，调速器的输出响应调节柴油发电机的输出功率，并通过matlab搭建仿真模块进行分析； 3) The photovoltaic power generation system uses the mppt control algorithm to obtain the maximum new energy power output. The power generated by the microgrid and the load difference are input to the governor. The output response of the governor adjusts the output power of the diesel generator, and a simulation module is built through matlab to analyze;

4）在调速器和柴油机之间增加PID控制器，微电网供电系统输出和调速器输出频率信号送入PID控制器，PID控制器输出对柴油机发电频率进行补偿，PID控制器的数学模型满足方程

Figure 859445DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
，其中
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
是比例控制器增益，
Figure 316971DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
是积分控制增益，
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
是微分控制器增益。 4) A PID controller is added between the governor and the diesel engine. The output of the microgrid power supply system and the output frequency signal of the governor are sent to the PID controller. The output of the PID controller compensates the power generation frequency of the diesel engine. The mathematical model of the PID controller satisfy the equation
Figure 859445DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
,in
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
is the proportional controller gain,
Figure 316971DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is the integral control gain,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is the differential controller gain.

本发明的有益效果在于：本发明光柴互补独立微电网的频率优化方法，设计PID补偿控制器对柴油发电系统进行有功功率调整，通过matlab软件仿真得到了频率偏差不超过±0.02 Hz的良好效果, 改善了微网整体运行过程中的电能质量。能够有效的解决在孤岛状态下微网的频率偏差问题，并且结构简单有效，成本较低，方便工程应用。 The beneficial effect of the present invention lies in: the frequency optimization method of the photovoltaic-diesel complementary independent microgrid of the present invention, the PID compensation controller is designed to adjust the active power of the diesel power generation system, and the good effect that the frequency deviation does not exceed ±0.02 Hz is obtained through matlab software simulation , which improves the power quality during the overall operation of the microgrid. It can effectively solve the frequency deviation problem of the microgrid in the island state, and has a simple and effective structure, low cost, and is convenient for engineering application.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为微电网的结构示意图； Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microgrid;

图2为柴油机发电的传递函数模型图； Fig. 2 is the transfer function model diagram of diesel engine power generation;

图3为微网控制结构模型图； Fig. 3 is a microgrid control structure model diagram;

图4为本发明修正后的微网控制结构模型图； Fig. 4 is the modified micro-grid control structure model diagram of the present invention;

图5为微电网中的负荷扰动值仿真图； Fig. 5 is the simulation diagram of the load disturbance value in the microgrid;

图6为微网中光伏能源的日照强度仿真图； Figure 6 is a simulation diagram of sunlight intensity of photovoltaic energy in the microgrid;

图7为未优化之前光柴互补的微电网整体运行后的频率偏差

Figure 928081DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
仿真图； Figure 7 shows the frequency deviation after the overall operation of the microgrid with complementary light and diesel before optimization
Figure 928081DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
simulation diagram;

图8为传统mppt控制作用下得到的光伏输出功率仿真图； Figure 8 is a simulation diagram of photovoltaic output power obtained under traditional mppt control;

图9为柴油机发电机输出功率曲线图； Fig. 9 is a graph of the output power of the diesel engine generator;

图10为本发明优化后微网的频率偏差曲线图； Fig. 10 is the frequency deviation curve diagram of the optimized microgrid of the present invention;

图11为时间为100s优化前后频率偏差相比较仿真曲线图； Fig. 11 is the comparison simulation curve of the frequency deviation before and after the time is 100s optimization;

图12为时间为500s优化前后频率偏差相比较仿真曲线图； Fig. 12 is the comparison simulation curve of the frequency deviation before and after the time is 500s optimization;

图13为时间为800s优化前后频率偏差相比较仿真曲线图。 Fig. 13 is a comparison simulation curve of frequency deviation before and after optimization with a time of 800s.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

1、考虑混合能源接入的独立微网的数学建模： 1. Mathematical modeling of independent microgrid considering hybrid energy access:

如图1所示微电网的结构示意图，微电网中主要包括光伏2发电和柴油机1发电混合供电系统，共同给负载4供电。太阳能电池模块对设计逆变器3和控制系统具有重要意义，太阳能电池模块的传统I-V特性、太阳能电池模块的饱和电流

Figure 78440DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
随温度变化的情况、光电池内阻电流可以由下面的公式表达： The structural diagram of the microgrid is shown in Figure 1. The microgrid mainly includes a hybrid power supply system of photovoltaic 2 power generation and diesel engine 1 power generation, which jointly supply power to load 4 . The solar cell module is of great significance to the design of the inverter 3 and the control system, the traditional IV characteristics of the solar cell module, the saturation current of the solar cell module
Figure 78440DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
With the change of temperature, the internal resistance current of the photovoltaic cell can be expressed by the following formula:

Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
       
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
       

Figure 407790DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Figure 407790DEST_PATH_IMAGE032

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Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033

Figure 669007DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Figure 669007DEST_PATH_IMAGE034

其中

Figure 134623DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
和
Figure 393566DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
分别是太阳能电池模块的输出电流和输出电压，
Figure 147896DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
是光生电流，
Figure 947224DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
是光电池反向饱和电流，
Figure 529997DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
是电子电量，
Figure 959841DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
是波尔兹曼常数，
Figure 998204DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
是二极管理想因子，
Figure 538907DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
是并联电池数，
Figure 244695DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
是串联电池数，
Figure 579861DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
是光电池内阻电流，
Figure 371100DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
是温度在
Figure 449914DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
时的饱和电流，
Figure 10209DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
是光伏阵列的温度，
Figure 516276DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
是参考温度，
Figure 794811DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
是材料跨越能阶所需能量，
Figure 677316DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
是短路电流温度系数，是太阳能电池模块的短路电流，是日照强度，
Figure 534917DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
是太阳能电池模块内阻，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
光伏的输出功率可由下式得出： in
Figure 134623DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
and
Figure 393566DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
are the output current and output voltage of the solar cell module,
Figure 147896DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is the photogenerated current,
Figure 947224DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is the reverse saturation current of the photocell,
Figure 529997DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is the electronic power,
Figure 959841DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is the Boltzmann constant,
Figure 998204DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
is the diode ideality factor,
Figure 538907DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is the number of batteries connected in parallel,
Figure 244695DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is the number of cells in series,
Figure 579861DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is the photocell internal resistance current,
Figure 371100DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
is the temperature at
Figure 449914DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The saturation current at
Figure 10209DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
is the temperature of the photovoltaic array,
Figure 516276DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
is the reference temperature,
Figure 794811DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the energy required for the material to cross the energy level,
Figure 677316DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
is the short-circuit current temperature coefficient, is the short-circuit current of the solar cell module, is the sunlight intensity,
Figure 534917DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
is the internal resistance of the solar cell module,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
The output power of photovoltaic can be obtained by the following formula:

Figure 20780DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Figure 20780DEST_PATH_IMAGE036

柴油机1发电作为光伏2发电系统互补电源，可以弥补太阳能发电的随机性和不均匀性。柴油机1发电系统可以用一阶时滞传递函数表示：

Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
。 Diesel engine 1 power generation is used as a complementary power source for photovoltaic 2 power generation system, which can make up for the randomness and inhomogeneity of solar power generation. The diesel engine 1 power generation system can be expressed by the first-order time-delay transfer function:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
.

如图2所示柴油机发电的传递函数模型图，其中

Figure 555667DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
是柴油发电机的时间常数，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
是柴油发电机的增益，柴油发电机的额定功率是450KW。 The transfer function model diagram of diesel engine power generation as shown in Figure 2, wherein
Figure 555667DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
is the time constant of the diesel generator,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
is the gain of the diesel generator, and the rated power of the diesel generator is 450KW.

2、本发明的利用PID控制策略优化独立微网频率控制器的设计原理： 2. The present invention utilizes the PID control strategy to optimize the design principle of the independent microgrid frequency controller:

由于光伏２发电具有波动性和不可调节性，所以微电网中光伏发电需要与其他可调功率电源配合，本发明的对象是以柴油机１发电为互补电源构建独立微网，通过两个算例比较分析验证本发明对微网频率稳定的有效性。 Due to the volatility and non-adjustability of photovoltaic 2 power generation, photovoltaic power generation in the microgrid needs to cooperate with other adjustable power sources. The object of this invention is to build an independent microgrid using diesel engine 1 power generation as a complementary power source. Analysis verifies the effectiveness of the present invention on the frequency stability of the microgrid.

如图3所示微网控制结构模型图，现有的策略中，当光伏2电源输出的较大波动引起微网有功不平衡和频率大幅偏移，特别是电力系统频率偏离目标频率时，基于电力系统一次调频原理，利用柴油机前端的调速器对发电出力和负荷的偏差的响应，调整有功出力以维持电力系统频率稳定，但是调频效果不理想。 As shown in Figure 3, the control structure model diagram of the microgrid, in the existing strategy, when the large fluctuation of the photovoltaic 2 power supply output causes the microgrid active power imbalance and large frequency deviation, especially when the frequency of the power system deviates from the target frequency, based on The principle of primary frequency regulation in the power system uses the governor at the front end of the diesel engine to respond to the deviation of the power generation output and load to adjust the active output to maintain the frequency stability of the power system, but the frequency regulation effect is not ideal.

如图4所示本发明修正后的微网控制结构模型图，本发明的策略中，提出了一种PID负荷频率补偿控制策略，在调速器和柴油机之间增加PID控制器，混合供电系统输出和调速器输出频率信号送入PID控制器，PID控制器输出对柴油机发电频率进行补偿。PID控制器是由比例、积分、微分项构成，它具有原理简单、实现容易，适应性强等优点。本发明所设计控制器的数学模型满足方程

Figure 465854DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
 ，（
Figure 391085DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
是微网频率偏差）其中
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
是比例控制器增益，是积分控制增益，
Figure 67103DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
是微分控制器增益。这个控制器的功能是在发电过程中，通过在柴油机1发电单元追加控制器，增加或降低指令信号来控制柴油机1的速度齿轮转换开关作为对频率误差信号的响应，控制柴油机1的转速来调节其功率输出，进而控制系统频率。 As shown in Figure 4, the modified microgrid control structure model diagram of the present invention, in the strategy of the present invention, a PID load frequency compensation control strategy is proposed, a PID controller is added between the governor and the diesel engine, and the hybrid power supply system The output and governor output frequency signals are sent to the PID controller, and the output of the PID controller compensates the generator frequency of the diesel engine. The PID controller is composed of proportional, integral and differential items. It has the advantages of simple principle, easy realization and strong adaptability. The mathematical model of the designed controller of the present invention satisfies the equation
Figure 465854DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
, (
Figure 391085DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
is the microgrid frequency deviation) where
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
is the proportional controller gain, is the integral control gain,
Figure 67103DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is the differential controller gain. The function of this controller is to control the speed gear switch of the diesel engine 1 by adding a controller to the power generation unit of the diesel engine 1 during the power generation process, increase or decrease the command signal as a response to the frequency error signal, and control the speed of the diesel engine 1 to adjust Its power output, which in turn controls the system frequency.

 3、本发明的利用PID控制策略优化光柴独立微网频率控制器的设计方法： 3. The design method of optimizing the frequency controller of Guangchai independent micro-grid using PID control strategy of the present invention:

本发明提出的基于PID控制策略的光柴互补微网的频率控制器的设计方法，在建立了微网中的光柴发电系统的数学模型之后，按照下列步骤进行： The design method of the frequency controller of the photovoltaic and diesel complementary microgrid based on the PID control strategy proposed by the present invention, after establishing the mathematical model of the photovoltaic and diesel power generation system in the microgrid, proceed according to the following steps:

1）建立光伏系统数学模型

Figure 413770DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
，
Figure 888614DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
，。 1) Establish a mathematical model of the photovoltaic system
Figure 413770DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
,
Figure 888614DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
, .

2）建立包含柴油机发电系统的传递函数模型

Figure 713351DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
，其中
Figure 894933DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
是柴油发电机的时间常数，是柴油发电机的增益，柴油机的额定功率是450KW。 2) Establish a transfer function model including diesel engine power generation system
Figure 713351DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
,in
Figure 894933DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
is the time constant of the diesel generator, is the gain of the diesel generator, and the rated power of the diesel engine is 450KW.

3）提出两种频率优化控制策略。在现有的策略中，对光伏发电系统采用mppt控制算法获得最大的新能源功率输出，柴油机发电系统为互补调节能源。在孤岛运行模式下，当光伏电源输出的较大波动引起微网有功不平衡和频率大幅偏移，特别是电力系统频率偏离目标频率时，柴油机发电机组通过调速系统对发电出力和负荷的偏差做出响应，调整有功出力以维持电力系统频率稳定，这也属于电力系统频率的一次调整。并通过matlab搭建仿真模块进行分析。 3) Two frequency optimization control strategies are proposed. In the existing strategy, the mppt control algorithm is used for the photovoltaic power generation system to obtain the maximum new energy power output, and the diesel engine power generation system is a complementary energy regulation. In the island operation mode, when large fluctuations in the output of photovoltaic power sources cause unbalanced micro-grid active power and large frequency deviations, especially when the frequency of the power system deviates from the target frequency, the diesel generator set will respond to the deviation of power generation output and load through the speed control system Make a response and adjust the active output to maintain the stability of the power system frequency, which is also an adjustment of the power system frequency. And build a simulation module through matlab for analysis.

4）在本发明策略中，提出了一种PID负荷频率补偿控制策略。PID控制器是由比例、积分、微分项构成，它具有原理简单、实现容易，适应性强等优点，是非常实用的一种控制策略。本文所设计PID控制器的数学模型满足方程

Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
其中
Figure 371712DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
是比例控制器增益，
Figure 937823DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
是积分控制增益，
Figure 36229DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
是微分控制器增益，分别取值为
Figure 662382DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
Figure 111818DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
。这个控制器的功能是在发电过程中，通过在柴油机发电单元追加控制器，增加或降低指令信号来控制柴油机的速度齿轮转换开关作为对频率误差信号的响应，控制柴油发电机的转速来调节其功率输出，进而控制系统频率。 4) In the strategy of the present invention, a PID load frequency compensation control strategy is proposed. PID controller is composed of proportional, integral, and differential items. It has the advantages of simple principle, easy implementation, and strong adaptability. It is a very practical control strategy. The mathematical model of the PID controller designed in this paper satisfies the equation
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
in
Figure 371712DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
is the proportional controller gain,
Figure 937823DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is the integral control gain,
Figure 36229DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is the gain of the differential controller, which are respectively taken as
Figure 662382DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
Figure 111818DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
. The function of this controller is to control the speed gear switch of the diesel engine by adding a controller to the diesel generator unit to increase or decrease the command signal during the power generation process. As a response to the frequency error signal, it controls the speed of the diesel generator to adjust its power output, which in turn controls the system frequency.

4、算例分析： 4. Example analysis:

本发明考虑的微网结构模型图如图3、图4所示，为了证明所设计频率控制器的有效性，将通过对微网系统模型进行两种仿真对比证明。 The structural model diagrams of the micro-grid considered in the present invention are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. In order to prove the effectiveness of the designed frequency controller, it will be proved by comparing two kinds of simulations on the micro-grid system model.

1）现有的策略： 1) Existing strategies:

微电网中的负荷扰动值仿真图如图5所示，图6是微网中光伏能源的日照强度仿真图，未优化之前光柴互补的微电网整体运行后的频率偏差

Figure 278357DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
仿真图如图7所示。图8是传统mppt控制作用下得到的光伏输出功率仿真图。 The simulation diagram of the load disturbance value in the microgrid is shown in Figure 5. Figure 6 is the simulation diagram of the sunlight intensity of the photovoltaic energy in the microgrid.
Figure 278357DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
The simulation diagram is shown in Figure 7. Fig. 8 is a simulation diagram of photovoltaic output power obtained under traditional mppt control.

图8可以看出获得了最大光伏输出功率。图7是微电网中频率的偏差。从图7中仿真过程可以看出一开始频率偏差振幅很大，超过实际工况

Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Hz的要求。在20s后，偏差幅度变小，基本上幅值在
Figure 496849DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Hz左右，但在运行过程中，随着微网中负荷的波动较大时仍然会出现频率偏差超过Hz的情况。所以利用柴油机自动调节补偿光伏和负荷功率波动的情况，从整体来看控制效果不理想，而且响应速度较慢。 It can be seen from Fig. 8 that the maximum photovoltaic output power is obtained. Figure 7 is the frequency deviation in the microgrid. From the simulation process in Figure 7, it can be seen that the frequency deviation amplitude is very large at the beginning, exceeding the actual working condition
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Hz requirements. After 20s, the amplitude of the deviation becomes smaller, basically the amplitude is at
Figure 496849DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Hz, but in the process of operation, as the load in the microgrid fluctuates greatly, the frequency deviation will still exceed Hz case. Therefore, using the diesel engine to automatically adjust to compensate for photovoltaic and load power fluctuations, the overall control effect is not ideal, and the response speed is relatively slow.

2) 本发明策略： 2) The strategy of the present invention:

在所设计的PID控制器的调节作用下，柴油机发电机输出功率曲线图如图9，优化后微网的频率偏差曲线图如图10。 Under the regulation of the designed PID controller, the output power curve of the diesel generator is shown in Figure 9, and the frequency deviation curve of the optimized microgrid is shown in Figure 10.

由图10中看出频率偏差维持在

Figure 965056DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Hz左右，控制达到了预期的效果，而且响应速度远比原来的快得多。为了能比较清楚地看到改进后的效果，分别进行了时间为100s、500s、800s的对比仿真曲线分别见图11，图12和图13，可以看出所设计的PID负荷频率控制器保持频率偏差在
Figure 138549DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Hz左右，即频率偏差必须以标准值为中心，在规定的范围内波动，而且响应速度很快。所的改进控制策略使整个系统高效，而且尽可能少的增加设备，减少浪费，而且维护也更加方便。 It can be seen from Figure 10 that the frequency deviation is maintained at
Figure 965056DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Hz, the control achieves the expected effect, and the response speed is much faster than the original one. In order to see the improved effect more clearly, the comparative simulation curves of 100s, 500s, and 800s were respectively shown in Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13. It can be seen that the designed PID load frequency controller maintains the frequency deviation exist
Figure 138549DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
About Hz, that is, the frequency deviation must be centered on the standard value, fluctuate within the specified range, and the response speed is very fast. The improved control strategy makes the whole system efficient, and increases equipment as little as possible, reduces waste, and is more convenient to maintain.

Claims (1)

1.一种光柴互补独立微电网的频率优化方法，微电网中包括光伏发电和柴油机发电混合供电系统，共同给负载供电，其特征在于，频率优化方法具体包括如下步骤： 1. A frequency optimization method for a light and diesel complementary independent micro-grid, comprising a hybrid power supply system for photovoltaic power generation and diesel engine generation in the micro-grid, which supplies power to loads jointly, and is characterized in that the frequency optimization method specifically includes the following steps: 1）建立光伏系统数学模型                                                
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，
Figure 852131DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
，，其中
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
和分别是光伏系统中太阳能电池模块的输出电流和输出电压，
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
是光生电流，是光电池反向饱和电流，是电子电量，
Figure 713941DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
是波尔兹曼常数，是二极管理想因子，是并联电池数，
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
是串联电池数，
Figure 98972DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
是光电池内阻电流，
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
是温度在
Figure 958344DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
时的饱和电流，
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
是光伏阵列的温度，
Figure 629497DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
是参考温度，
Figure 802989DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
是材料跨越能阶所需能量，
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
是短路电流温度系数，是太阳能电池模块的短路电流，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
是日照强度，
Figure 906260DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
是太阳能电池模块内阻； 1) Establish a mathematical model of the photovoltaic system
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,
Figure 852131DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
, ,in
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
and are the output current and output voltage of the solar cell module in the photovoltaic system,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is the photogenerated current, is the reverse saturation current of the photocell, is the electronic power,
Figure 713941DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is the Boltzmann constant, is the diode ideality factor, is the number of batteries connected in parallel,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is the number of cells in series,
Figure 98972DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is the photocell internal resistance current,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
is the temperature at
Figure 958344DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The saturation current at
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
is the temperature of the photovoltaic array,
Figure 629497DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
is the reference temperature,
Figure 802989DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the energy required for the material to cross the energy level,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
is the short-circuit current temperature coefficient, is the short-circuit current of the solar cell module,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
is the sunlight intensity,
Figure 906260DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
is the internal resistance of the solar cell module; 2）建立包含柴油机发电系统的传递函数模型
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
，其中
Figure 64709DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
是柴油发电机的时间常数，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
是柴油发电机的增益； 2) Establish a transfer function model including diesel engine power generation system
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
,in
Figure 64709DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
is the time constant of the diesel generator,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
is the gain of the diesel generator; 3）光伏发电系统采用mppt控制算法获得最大的新能源功率输出，微电网的发电功率和负荷差输入调速器，调速器的输出响应调节柴油发电机的输出功率，并通过matlab搭建仿真模块进行分析； 3) The photovoltaic power generation system uses the mppt control algorithm to obtain the maximum new energy power output. The power generated by the microgrid and the load difference are input to the governor. The output response of the governor adjusts the output power of the diesel generator, and a simulation module is built through matlab to analyze; 4）在调速器和柴油机之间增加PID控制器，微电网供电系统输出和调速器输出频率信号送入PID控制器，PID控制器输出对柴油机发电频率进行补偿，PID控制器的数学模型满足方程
Figure 841560DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
，其中
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
是比例控制器增益，
Figure 769064DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
是积分控制增益，是微分控制器增益。 4) A PID controller is added between the governor and the diesel engine. The output of the microgrid power supply system and the output frequency signal of the governor are sent to the PID controller. The output of the PID controller compensates the power generation frequency of the diesel engine. The mathematical model of the PID controller satisfy the equation
Figure 841560DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
,in
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
is the proportional controller gain,
Figure 769064DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is the integral control gain, is the differential controller gain.
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Application publication date: 20130109