CN102868207A - Frequency optimizing method for photovoltaic-diesel complementary independent micro power grid - Google Patents

Frequency optimizing method for photovoltaic-diesel complementary independent micro power grid Download PDF

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CN102868207A
CN102868207A CN2012103368730A CN201210336873A CN102868207A CN 102868207 A CN102868207 A CN 102868207A CN 2012103368730 A CN2012103368730 A CN 2012103368730A CN 201210336873 A CN201210336873 A CN 201210336873A CN 102868207 A CN102868207 A CN 102868207A
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photovoltaic
frequency
output
diesel
power
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米阳
田越
王利民
韩云昊
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a frequency optimizing method for a photovoltaic-diesel complementary independent micro power grid. An independent micro power grid model that power is supplied for a load by photovoltaic-diesel mixing is established, the output of a speed controller is applied to response and adjust the output power of a diesel generator, a PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) compensating controller is designed for the active power adjustment of a diesel power generating system, a good effect that the frequency deviation does not exceed +/- 0.02Hz is obtained through matlab software simulation, and the power quality in the whole operation process of the micro power grid is improved. The problem of frequency deviation of the micro power grid under an islanding state can be effectively solved, the structure is simple and effective, the cost is lower, and engineering application is facilitated.

Description

The frequency optimization method of the complementary independent little electrical network of light bavin
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of little mains frequency Optimized-control Technique, particularly the complementary independently frequency optimization method of little electrical network of a kind of light bavin based on the PID strategy.
Background technology
Along with the shortage of global warming and fossil energy, human demand to new forms of energy increases day by day.In various new forms of energy, photovoltaic is because its advantage such as pollution-free, renewable is the very important clean energy resource that will satisfy electricity needs future.But photovoltaic generation is because the power output that affects that changed by weather condition has fluctuation, can pollute the quality of power supply of large electrical network such as frequency etc.Therefore, for solving the problem of distributed power source access, coordinate the contradiction of large electrical network and distributed power source, fully excavating distributed power generation is value and the benefit that electrical network and user bring, in the beginning of this century, scholars have proposed the concept of little electrical network: utilize advanced power electronic technology, with combinations such as little power supply, load, energy-storage system and control device, form a single controlled unit, supply with electricity and heat to the user simultaneously.Little electrical network both can with the operation of large grid network, in the time of also can or needing at electric network fault with major network disconnection isolated operation.
Islet operation is the important operational mode of microgrid.In places such as some remote mountain areas, military fortresses, set up the long distance transmission line cost very high, less economical, and be subjected to the impact of geographical environment very large.The appearance of little electrical network islet operation pattern well solves these problems, and has effectively touched the inductile place of large electrical network.The little electrical network that moves under the island mode can be used as replenishing of large electrical network.But owing to having intermittent new forms of energy in the microgrid, a large amount of system problem (voltage fluctuation, frequency departure etc.) is frequent the subject matter that this faces when also being current microgrid independent operating to occur.So the characteristics during for the microgrid independent operating are furtherd investigate, for independent little power grid security, stable, economical operation provide in theory and technical guarantee, has very important realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the unsettled problem of little electrical network of moving under the island mode, the frequency optimization method of the complementary independent little electrical network of a kind of smooth bavin has been proposed, set up the light bavin and be mixed into the little electric network model of independence that load is powered, design PID compensating controller carries out the active power adjustment to diesel generating system, thereby realize the inhibition of microgrid frequency departure, improved the quality of power supply in the microgrid overall operation process.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the frequency optimization method of the complementary independent little electrical network of a kind of smooth bavin, comprise photovoltaic generation and diesel power generation mixed power supply system in little electrical network, and common powering load, frequency optimization method specifically comprises the steps:
1) sets up the photovoltaic system Mathematical Modeling
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,
Figure 974755DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, ,
Figure 620500DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
, wherein
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
With
Figure 932533DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Respectively output current and the output voltage of solar module in the photovoltaic system,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Photogenerated current,
Figure 980123DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
The photocell reverse saturation current, Electron charge,
Figure 372707DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Boltzmann constant, Diode Ideality Factor,
Figure 505748DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
The batteries in parallel connection number,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The series-connected cell number,
Figure 621471DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Photocell internal resistance electric current, That temperature exists
Figure 523568DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The time saturation current,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The temperature of photovoltaic array,
Figure 66545DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Reference temperature,
Figure 358986DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
That material is crossed over energy rank institute energy requirement,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The short circuit current temperature coefficient, The short circuit current of solar module,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Intensity of sunshine,
Figure 35004DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
It is the solar module internal resistance;
2) foundation comprises diesel power generation system transter model
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
, wherein
Figure 748882DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
The time constant of diesel engine generator,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
It is the gain of diesel engine generator;
3) photovoltaic generating system adopts the mppt control algolithm to obtain maximum new forms of energy power stage, the generated output of little electrical network and load difference input speed regulator, the power output of the output response regulation diesel engine generator of speed regulator, and build emulation module analysis by matlab;
4) increase the PID controller between speed regulator and diesel engine, little mains supply system's output and speed regulator output frequency signal are sent into the PID controller, and the output of PID controller compensates the diesel power generation frequency, and the Mathematical Modeling of PID controller satisfies equation
Figure 859445DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
, wherein
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
The proportional controller gain,
Figure 316971DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
The integral control gain,
Figure 2012103368730100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
It is the derivative controller gain.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the frequency optimization method of the complementary independent little electrical network of light bavin of the present invention, design PID compensating controller carries out the active power adjustment to diesel generating system, obtain frequency departure by the matlab software emulation to be no more than ± good result of 0.02 Hz, improved the quality of power supply in the microgrid overall operation process.Can effectively solve the frequency departure problem of microgrid under island state, and simple in structure effective, and cost is lower, makes things convenient for engineering to use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of little electrical network;
Fig. 2 is the transfer function model figure of diesel power generation;
Fig. 3 is microgrid control structure illustraton of model;
Fig. 4 is the revised microgrid control structure of the present invention illustraton of model;
Fig. 5 is the load disturbance value analogous diagram in little electrical network;
Fig. 6 is the intensity of sunshine analogous diagram of photovoltaic energy in the microgrid;
Fig. 7 be do not optimize before frequency departure behind little electrical network overall operation of light bavin complementation
Figure 928081DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Analogous diagram;
Fig. 8 is the photovoltaic power output analogous diagram that obtains under traditional mppt control action;
Fig. 9 is diesel generator output power curve figure;
Figure 10 is the frequency departure curve chart that the present invention optimizes rear microgrid;
Figure 11 is to be the frequency departure simulation curve figure that compares before and after 100s optimizes the time;
Figure 12 is to be the frequency departure simulation curve figure that compares before and after 500s optimizes the time;
Figure 13 is to be the frequency departure simulation curve figure that compares before and after 800s optimizes the time.
Embodiment
1, consider the mathematical modeling of the independent micro-grid of energy mix access:
The structural representation of little electrical network mainly comprises photovoltaic 2 generatings and diesel engine 1 generating mixed power supply system in little electrical network as shown in Figure 1, jointly gives load 4 power supplies.Solar module is significant to design inverter 3 and control system, the saturation current of the conventional I of solar module-V characteristic, solar module
Figure 78440DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Temperature variant situation, photocell internal resistance electric current can be by following equation expressions:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Figure 407790DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Figure 669007DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Wherein
Figure 134623DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
With
Figure 393566DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Respectively output current and the output voltage of solar module,
Figure 147896DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Photogenerated current,
Figure 947224DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
The photocell reverse saturation current,
Figure 529997DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Electron charge,
Figure 959841DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Boltzmann constant,
Figure 998204DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Diode Ideality Factor,
Figure 538907DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
The batteries in parallel connection number,
Figure 244695DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The series-connected cell number,
Figure 579861DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Photocell internal resistance electric current,
Figure 371100DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
That temperature exists
Figure 449914DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The time saturation current,
Figure 10209DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The temperature of photovoltaic array,
Figure 516276DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Reference temperature,
Figure 794811DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
That material is crossed over energy rank institute energy requirement,
Figure 677316DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The short circuit current temperature coefficient, The short circuit current of solar module, Intensity of sunshine,
Figure 534917DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
The solar module internal resistance,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
The power output of photovoltaic can be drawn by following formula:
Figure 20780DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Diesel engine 1 generating can remedy randomness and the inhomogeneities of solar power generation as photovoltaic 2 electricity generation system complementary power supplies.Diesel engine 1 electricity generation system can represent with time lag of first order transfer function:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
The transfer function model figure of diesel power generation as shown in Figure 2, wherein
Figure 555667DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
The time constant of diesel engine generator,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Be the gain of diesel engine generator, the rated power of diesel engine generator is 450KW.
2, the design principle of utilizing PID control strategy optimization independent micro-grid frequency controller of the present invention:
Because photovoltaic 2 generatings have fluctuation and unadjustable property, so photovoltaic generation need to cooperate with other power-adjustable power supplys in little electrical network, of the present invention to liking take diesel engine 1 generating as complementary power supply structure independent micro-grid, by the validity of two examples for comparative analysis checking the present invention to the microgrid frequency stabilization.
Microgrid control structure illustraton of model as shown in Figure 3, in the existing strategy, cause that than great fluctuation process the meritorious imbalance of microgrid and frequency significantly are offset when what photovoltaic 2 power supplys were exported, when particularly power system frequency departs from objectives frequency, based on electric power system primary frequency modulation principle, utilize the speed regulator of diesel engine front end to the response of the deviation of generated output and load, adjust that meritorious to exert oneself to keep power system frequency stable, but the frequency modulation effect is undesirable.
The revised microgrid control structure of the present invention illustraton of model as shown in Figure 4, in the strategy of the present invention, a kind of PID LOAD FREQUENCY Compensation Strategies has been proposed, between speed regulator and diesel engine, increase the PID controller, mixed power supply system output and speed regulator output frequency signal are sent into the PID controller, and the output of PID controller compensates the diesel power generation frequency.The PID controller is to be made of ratio, integration, differential term, and it has, and principle is simple, realization is easy, the advantages such as strong adaptability.The Mathematical Modeling of the designed controller of the present invention satisfies equation
Figure 465854DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
, (
Figure 391085DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
The microgrid frequency departure) wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
The proportional controller gain, The integral control gain,
Figure 67103DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
It is the derivative controller gain.The function of this controller is in power generation process, by appending controller at diesel engine 1 generator unit, increase or reduce command signal and control the speed gear shift switch of diesel engine 1 as the response to frequency error signal, the rotating speed of control diesel engine 1 is regulated its power stage, and then the control system frequency.
3, the method for designing of utilizing PID control strategy optimization light bavin independent micro-grid frequency controller of the present invention:
The method for designing based on the frequency controller of the complementary microgrid of light bavin of PID control strategy that the present invention proposes, after the Mathematical Modeling of having set up the light bavin electricity generation system in the microgrid, carry out according to the following step:
1) sets up the photovoltaic system Mathematical Modeling
Figure 413770DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
,
Figure 888614DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
,
2) foundation comprises diesel power generation system transter model
Figure 713351DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
, wherein
Figure 894933DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
The time constant of diesel engine generator, Be the gain of diesel engine generator, the rated power of diesel engine is 450KW.
3) two kinds of frequency optimization control strategies are proposed.In existing strategy, adopt the mppt control algolithm to obtain maximum new forms of energy power stage to photovoltaic generating system, the diesel power generation system is the complementary energy of regulating.Under the islet operation pattern, cause that than great fluctuation process the meritorious imbalance of microgrid and frequency significantly are offset when what photo-voltaic power supply was exported, when particularly power system frequency departs from objectives frequency, the diesel power generation unit is made response by governing system to the deviation of generated output and load, adjust that meritorious to exert oneself to keep power system frequency stable, this also belongs to the once adjustment of power system frequency.And build emulation module analysis by matlab.
4) in strategy of the present invention, a kind of PID LOAD FREQUENCY Compensation Strategies has been proposed.The PID controller is to be made of ratio, integration, differential term, and it has, and principle is simple, realization is easy, and the advantages such as strong adaptability are very practical a kind of control strategies.The Mathematical Modeling of the designed PID controller of this paper satisfies equation
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Wherein
Figure 371712DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
The proportional controller gain,
Figure 937823DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
The integral control gain,
Figure 36229DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Be the derivative controller gain, value is respectively
Figure 662382DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
Figure 111818DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
The function of this controller is in power generation process, by appending controller in the diesel power generation unit, increase or reduce command signal and control the speed gear shift switch of diesel engine as the response to frequency error signal, the rotating speed of control diesel engine generator is regulated its power stage, and then the control system frequency.
4, sample calculation analysis:
The microgrid structural model figure that the present invention considers in order to prove the validity of designed frequency controller, will prove by the micro-grid system model being carried out two kinds of simulation comparisons as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4.
1) existing strategy:
Load disturbance value analogous diagram in little electrical network as shown in Figure 5, Fig. 6 is the intensity of sunshine analogous diagram of photovoltaic energy in the microgrid, the frequency departure before optimizing behind little electrical network overall operation of light bavin complementation
Figure 278357DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Analogous diagram as shown in Figure 7.Fig. 8 is the photovoltaic power output analogous diagram that obtains under traditional mppt control action.
Fig. 8 can find out and obtained maximum photovoltaic power output.Fig. 7 is the deviation of little electrical network medium frequency.Simulation process can find out that the frequency departure amplitude is very large at the beginning from Fig. 7, surpasses actual condition
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
The requirement of Hz.Behind 20s, deviation amplitude diminishes, and amplitude exists basically
Figure 496849DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
About Hz, but in running, along with the fluctuation of loading in the microgrid still can frequency of occurrences deviation surpass when larger The situation of Hz.So utilize diesel engine automatically to regulate the situation of compensation photovoltaic and load power fluctuation, control as a whole effect undesirable, and response speed be slower.
2) strategy of the present invention:
Under the regulating action of designed PID controller, diesel generator output power curve figure such as Fig. 9, frequency departure curve chart such as Figure 10 of microgrid after optimizing.
By finding out among Figure 10 that frequency departure maintains
Figure 965056DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
About Hz, control produces a desired effect, and response speed is more than original faster.For can see more clearlyly effect after the improvement, the time of having carried out respectively is that the contrast simulation curve of 100s, 500s, 800s is seen respectively Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13 can find out that designed PID Load-frequency Controllers holding frequency deviation exists
Figure 138549DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
About Hz, namely frequency departure must be centered by standard value, within the limits prescribed fluctuation, and also response speed is very fast.The improvement control strategy make whole system efficient, and the least possible increase equipment cuts the waste, and safeguards also convenient.

Claims (1)

1. the frequency optimization method of the complementary independent little electrical network of light bavin comprises photovoltaic generation and diesel power generation mixed power supply system in little electrical network, and common powering load is characterized in that frequency optimization method specifically comprises the steps:
1) sets up the photovoltaic system Mathematical Modeling
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
,
Figure 852131DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
, , wherein
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
With Respectively output current and the output voltage of solar module in the photovoltaic system,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Photogenerated current, The photocell reverse saturation current, Electron charge,
Figure 713941DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Boltzmann constant, Diode Ideality Factor, The batteries in parallel connection number,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The series-connected cell number,
Figure 98972DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Photocell internal resistance electric current,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
That temperature exists
Figure 958344DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The time saturation current,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The temperature of photovoltaic array,
Figure 629497DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Reference temperature,
Figure 802989DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
That material is crossed over energy rank institute energy requirement,
Figure 2012103368730100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The short circuit current temperature coefficient, The short circuit current of solar module,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Intensity of sunshine,
Figure 906260DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
It is the solar module internal resistance;
2) foundation comprises diesel power generation system transter model
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
, wherein
Figure 64709DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
The time constant of diesel engine generator,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
It is the gain of diesel engine generator;
3) photovoltaic generating system adopts the mppt control algolithm to obtain maximum new forms of energy power stage, the generated output of little electrical network and load difference input speed regulator, the power output of the output response regulation diesel engine generator of speed regulator, and build emulation module analysis by matlab;
4) increase the PID controller between speed regulator and diesel engine, little mains supply system's output and speed regulator output frequency signal are sent into the PID controller, and the output of PID controller compensates the diesel power generation frequency, and the Mathematical Modeling of PID controller satisfies equation
Figure 841560DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
, wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
The proportional controller gain,
Figure 769064DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
The integral control gain, It is the derivative controller gain.
CN2012103368730A 2012-09-13 2012-09-13 Frequency optimizing method for photovoltaic-diesel complementary independent micro power grid Pending CN102868207A (en)

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CN105871301A (en) * 2016-05-26 2016-08-17 江苏苏美达机电科技有限公司 Power supply system and method
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Application publication date: 20130109