CN102864849A - Earthquake-resistant building - Google Patents

Abstract

A reinforced concrete frame structure is a main trend in modern construction and is characterized in that backbones of the frame structure and underground pile foundation are connected into a whole. When tectonic earthquake occurs, backbones break, floors collapse and buildings fall. People in the buildings are dead or injured. According to the invention, a building is separated from the foundation or base, building parts above the ground and underground building parts are not a whole. When tectonic earthquake occurs, part of shearing force of earthquake lateral wave is eliminated, and human life and property safety are effectively guaranteed. The content of the invention includes 81 earthquake-resistant buildings and a brief description of 64 buildings thereof is provided.

Description

Earthquake proof construction

(1) technical field

Patent of the present invention relates to class separate type building energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing, seismic isolation technology.

(2) background technology

7.6 grades of violent earthquakes occur in the County, Hebei Province, China Tangshan City on July 28th, 1976, rock for 12 seconds, cause people more than 240,000 dead, account for the house collapse more than 1/4,96% of this city's population, and direct economic loss reaches more than 3,000,000,000 yuans.8 grades of violent earthquakes occur at Sichuan Province China province Wenchuan County Longmenshan fault zone on May 12nd, 2008, rock for 22 seconds, dead and missing 87150 people, and earthquake centre and severely afflicated area, most of house collapse, direct economic loss reaches 8,451 hundred million yuans.

Earthquake occurs about more than 15,000 times every day in the whole world, often cause casualties, cause the secondary disasters such as fire, floods, toxic gas leakage, bacterium and radioactive substance diffusion, tsunami, landslide, avalanche, ground fissure, cause to the people after the earthquake and cut off the water, have a power failure, communication, interruption of communication etc., " no damage in small earthquake; middle shake can be repaiied; no collapsing with strong earthquake " is the problem that seismological expert and architects study always, and we should be the mankind's life support and the most a social responsibility of property safety!

(3) summary of the invention

Existing building is characterized in that take reinforced concrete frame structure as main flow the pillar of frame construction and underground pile foundation connect into an integral body, and when tectonic earthquake occured, the disconnected floor of pillar collapsed the house, and the people in the building is either dead or wounded! Patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention is that building is separated disconnection with ground or building with the basis, the above part of building floor is not an integral body with basis or ground, when the generation tectonic earthquake is rocked, eliminated the shearing of part earthquake lateral wave, effectively ensured people's safety of life and property.

(4) description of drawings

Fig. 1 is classification for earthquake-resistant buildings figure

Fig. 2 is the building aseismicity schematic diagram that the loose soft solid of the tiny filler of semi-enclosed pallet/yellow sand has the pad parting

Fig. 3 be zigzag/convex concave/waveform unlubricated/lubricated chute cushion block individual layer/stage construction contact has the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation that the building aseismicity structure chart of pad parting is arranged

Fig. 4 is that the contact of the tabular cushion block individual layer of self face has the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation that the building aseismicity structure chart of pad parting is arranged

Fig. 5 is that the contact of the tabular cushion block individual layer of hard-connecting face has the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation that the building aseismicity structure chart of pad parting is arranged

Fig. 6 is that the contact of the tabular cushion block individual layer of monolithic devices face has the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation that the building aseismicity structure chart of pad parting is arranged

Fig. 7 is that the tabular cushion block stage construction contact of hard-connecting/monolithic devices has the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation that the building aseismicity structure chart of pad parting is arranged

Fig. 8 is other class separate type earthquake-resistant building structure of stabilising arrangement figure

(5) specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention is described in further detail, but is not limited to shown in the accompanying drawing:

Embodiment 1: in conjunction with Fig. 1, patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention refers between building and the ground, is designed to separate type between building floor part and basis, the building sandwich construction.

Wherein, comprise between the building and ground of separation, the pad parting arranged between building floor part and basis, the building sandwich construction, without pad parting and other three major types, without the pad parting refer to: the building with the earth's surface between belong to the form of separating, do not have pile foundation or filler pad every, the direct foundation on the following employing earth's surface of building is as ground.

Wherein, be divided into ground without filling up every filling up every two large classes with unsettled nothing without the pad parting.

Wherein, ground without pad every referring to: do not have between building and the earth's surface pile foundation or filler as pad every, building is attached to ground, for example: if there are natural ground (hard soil or the huge rock of a monoblock in the place, and it is enough large), be treated as the plane of level as the ground of building by manually slightly doing finishing, for pre-earthquake-proof consideration, such suitable design-build ground of building collar tie beam, all pillars in house are all vertical thereon, and ground is without filling up every mainly comprising: some contact, line contact, face contact three classes.

Put forth effort on ground as a contact take pillar, some contact minute: the Zhi Zhudian contact is put with other and is contacted two classes;

Putting forth effort on ground take pillar and ground collar tie beam contacts as line, the line contact divides: pillar contacts with ground collar tie beam line, other line contacts two classes, wherein, pillar contacts with ground collar tie beam line and divides: the individual layer pillar contacts with ground collar tie beam line with the multilayer pillar and contacts two groups with ground collar tie beam line;

Individual layer pillar and ground collar tie beam line kiss the earth without pad every: be that building foundation and building ground collar tie beam two parts are separated the method that disconnects, collar tie beam refers to close cast-in-place beam on the ground of building and a trap of following part (basis) support exterior wall or exterior wall and interior wall here saidly; And the above part of building floor is called collar tie beam at the reinforced concrete beam of the adjacent floor in body of wall top.

Take pillar, collar tie beam, floor put forth effort on ground as face contact, the face contact divides: pillar contacts with floor face with the ground collar tie beam, other face contacts two classes, wherein, pillar contacts with floor face with the ground collar tie beam and divides: the individual layer pillar contacts with floor face with the ground collar tie beam, the multilayer pillar contacts two groups with the ground collar tie beam with floor face;

Individual layer refers to: the separation gap of building only has a place, and multilayer then refers to: the separation gap of building has some places.

Unsettled without filling up every dividing: suspension type, air filling type and other unsettled nothing pad parting three classes.

The suspension type building refers to: roof or part floor or each floor are suspended on the building on column, cliff, pit shaft or the pylon, characteristics are the weight of bearing roof and floor with the cable wire that disperses and suspension rod, both be used for singlestory building, also can be used for highrise building, comprise the suspension type building that the ground line is following.

Suspension type comprises: top suspension, mid-mounting, bottom hung and other hang four classes.

Wherein, the top hangs and to refer to: the top of roof system or building is suspended on the building on the column etc., and the crossbeam carrying building body between two posts is for lifting; Crossbeam two ends (or two) the carrying building body of one capital end (or top) is for choosing; The form of structure of lifting more than two posts, one crossbeam is lifted for closing; The form of structure that the many crossbeams of multicolumn are chosen also has other combination construction form for choosing more.

Mid-mounting refers to: the middle part of building is suspended on the building on column, cliff, pit shaft or the pylon, and such as Sedan lifted type, it is connected with: single connection, dual link, multi-link; Divide again: be flexible coupling and the connection of being connected.

Bottom hung take in the suspension type house as an example: comprise main part, braced structures, Seismic Isolation of Isolation Layer etc., wherein, braced structures is generally building substructure (or basement), supports whole main part by suspender.Seismic Isolation of Isolation Layer comprises suspension arrangement and damping unit, and wherein, suspension arrangement is comprised of suspension rod, drag-line or reinforcing pull rod, hinge, bottom bracket.

Air filling type divides: inflatable body in upper house lower, inflatable body in interior house outside, inflatable body outside the house in interior and other pneumatic structure four classes.

The air filling type building generally comprises: top, post, the end and charging connector can have wall, air filling type building minute four classes.Wherein, the diaphragm type inflatable body is arranged below upper house is suspended in; There is the diaphragm type inflatable body to be suspended on every side at inner room; There is the room to be located at inner thin membrane type inflatable body and is enclosed in the outside, all need when the three settles down to fix, the also vane trip world with the letter during leisure, it is inactive to lose heart before typhoon, in the another kind of in the back gas statement is arranged.

Embodiment 2: in conjunction with Fig. 1, the pad parting that has of patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention is divided into: with the weight of the four large class fill-in pads such as gas, liquid, semisolid, solid every the carrying building.

Wherein, gas backing is every being divided into: inflatable body in lower room in upper and vapour-pressure type two classes.

Inflatable body is referring in lower room: the house in the above inflatable body fill up below every building, constructional materials is generally lightweight material, is suitable for building singlestory building or low-rise building.

Vapour-pressure type refers to: a kind of energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing technology of rising when driving and controlling building with the realization earthquake take compressed air as power source, decline process mechanism and automation.Take the vapour-pressure type house as an example: before earthquake occurs, utilize gases at high pressure that surface structures is upwards held up by foundation, bear its all or part of weight, with realization soft contact between the two, thus the destruction power of blocking-up seismic wave.

The liquid pad is every being divided into: float formula, fluid cushion and fluid pressure type three classes.

Wherein, showy formula is divided again by main constructional materials: four classes such as wooden construction, native stone building, metal building and other material building.

The liquid pad refers to every the main constructional materials of the formula of floating: carry the weight of all or part of building with liquid, it is built take main material as criteria for classification, and wherein, wooden construction comprises: timber, bamboo wood etc.; Soil stone building comprises: stone material building stones, brick and tile building block, cement, glass etc.; Metal building comprises: cast iron, steel etc.; Other constructional materials comprises: plastics, gas-filled film, rubber etc.All need when settling down to fix, also can drift with the tide during leisure and tour around the four seas, it is inactive to cast anchor before typhoon, tsunami arrive.

Wherein, soil stone class refers to: common soil, concrete, stone, stone, brick and tile etc., take native stone building as an example: build a large pond, built-inly in large pond make a large suspended solids, build various building at large suspended solids, it should be noted that in building Process of construction and must grasp the whole machine balancing of large suspended solids after being completed.

Fluid cushion: fluid cushion is the soft container of a kind of tabular of filling liquid, some fluid cushions are tiled on the basis of building with one deck or some layers, some fluid cushions also can all be packed in the larger soft container, supporter can be set in its periphery or attachment limits its avalanche, and the top of some fluid cushions is building body; If the individual layer liquid pad structure, the bottom of building body and building foundation top can be designed as respectively half embedding.

Fluid pressure type refers to: a kind of cushion technique of rising when driving and controlling building with the realization earthquake take compressed liquid as power source, decline process mechanism and automation.Take the fluid pressure type house as an example: before earthquake occurs, utilize highly pressurised liquid that surface structures is upwards held up by foundation, bear its all or part of weight, with realization soft contact between the two, thus the destruction power of blocking-up seismic wave.

Semi-solid pad is every dividing: semi-solid and semi-solid two classes of pressure type of filling type.

Filling type is semi-solid: semisolid is sealed in the soft container, and will somely be equipped with semisolid container tiling be filled in build and ground between or between building and the basis, make it to play function of shock insulation.

Pressure type is semi-solid: utilize mechanical press device that semisolid is acted between building and the ground or between building and the basis, make building body make vertical lifting, play isolating affection in earthquake.

Embodiment 3: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the solid of patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention has the pad parting to be divided into: loose soft solid has pad every pad being arranged every two classes with firm hard solid.

Wherein, loose soft solid has pad every referring to build between building (4) and the ground (1) filler and pallet to be arranged.

Wherein, filler divides: trickle filler and thick filler two groups.

Wherein, tiny filler comprises: yellow sand, sand asphalt and other similar tiny solid filler three groups;

Yellow sand is filled and is comprised: building foundation (1), pad interlayer, superstructure (4), wherein, the pad interlayer is comprised of pallet (2) and yellow sand (3) (or other similar tiny solid material), closed edge is arranged on every side, fill yellow sand (3) in the pallet (2), the area of pad interlayer is greater than the bottom surface of superstructure (4), as shown in Figure 2.

The sand asphalt pad is every comprising: building foundation, sand asphalt, superstructure, and wherein, sand should be thick, and the nominal mix proportion of pitch in asphalt mortar, bituminous mortar should be little, and namely pitch accounts for about 5%.

Thick filler comprises: the spheroid pad is every, soil engineering bag and other similar thick solid filler three groups.

The spheroid pad every bottom-up successively by: building foundation, lower concrete flaggy, lower steel plate layer, spheroid pad interlayer, upper steel plate layer, upper concrete flaggy, building body, add the spheroid fence and consist of, wherein, building foundation and lower concrete flaggy, upper concrete flaggy and building body can be arranged to respectively an integral body, spheroid pad interlayer is inner at the spheroid fence, and spheroid refers to spherical or the materials such as circular, the oval steel ball of pearl, iron ball, copper ball, hard cobble.

Geotextile bag cushion is every dividing three classes: the first kind is to dig one greater than the pond, hole of construction bottom area at natural ground, smooth processing is slightly done in the bottom surface in pond, hole, and periphery more vertically gets final product, and soil engineering bag is put in staggered tiling in the pond, hole, and successively stack until be paved with the hole pond, sandstone is housed in the soil engineering bag; Equations of The Second Kind is bottom surface and periphery brick and the cement masonry in pond, hole, or cheats the pond with reinforced concrete cast-in-situ; The 3rd class is the underground pile foundation that arranges, and the top of pile foundation is the pond, hole of reinforced concrete cast-in-situ; Wherein, other structure division of Equations of The Second Kind and the 3rd class is identical with the first kind.

Pallet (2) is divided into: open, semi-enclosed and closed three groups:

Open pallet horizontal development is yellow sand (or other similar tiny solid material) on it, and architecture construction is on it, and the aspect ratio of building can not be too large, oversize too narrowly topple easily in seismic process; Should symmetrical balanced rising build when the 2nd, builds, note the balance of overall weight, guarantee the verticality of building; The 3rd. the height of building is advisable with several floors, keeps roomy; The 4th. inhabitation, office, storing or other should be noted that the balance of overall weight equally when using, that guarantees to build is long-term vertical; The 5th. this type of building is conducive to develop Arid Desert Region.

Semienclosed pallet (2) has certain height to make yellow sand (3) (or other similar tiny solid material) be difficult for leaking on every side, all around and leave enough evaded distances, to the requirement of its building (4) and aforementioned basically identical, as shown in Figure 2.

The contact surface of open and semi-enclosed two kinds construction bottom and yellow sand (or other similar tiny solid material) is hard floor plates.

Enclosed pallet top is covered by movable plate, inside is yellow sand (or other similar tiny solid material), to the requirement of its building and aforementioned basically identical, building bottom (or the negative layer segment of below ground) is built into the non-leakage wall of section structure sealing, when receiving the earthquake notice of State Seismological Bureau, in time retaining (or other liquid) between building bottom outside and the enclosed pallet, weight by buoyancy of water carrying part building plays function of shock insulation.

Embodiment 4: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 to Fig. 6, the firm hard solid of patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention has the pad parting to be divided into: nonelastic firm hard solid has pad every pad being arranged every two classes with flexible firm hard solid.

Wherein, nonelastic firm hard solid have pad every below ground be divided into: pile foundation (5) is arranged and without pile foundation two groups.

Wherein, have pile foundation to comprise: line contact, face contact two groups,

Wherein, have the contact of pile foundation line to be divided into: the contact of drum-type line, the contact of wheel type line contact three kinds with other line;

Wherein, drum-type: cylinder is columniform part, usually adopts seamless steel pipe to make, and it is material that stainless steel, steel-casting, the solid alloy steel core that forges are also arranged.Drum-type is for example built: several cylinders and rubber-coated roller are installed in the bottom of building, can be designed as bilayer, the setting of levels cylinder is 90 degree, and this device is can be in earthquake is rocked driven or change traffic direction that originally static building rocks with earthquake and driven.

Wheel type: mainly by building body, axle, wheel three parts form, wheel can be divided into without tire by its surface and two kinds on tire is arranged, two axles (or many axles) connect four wheels (or a plurality of wheel), wheel following can be designed to two kinds of trackless and rails, wherein, trackless (or rail) assembly that two axles (or many axles) connect four wheels (or a plurality of wheel) can be designed as individual layer or bilayer, every layer is this assembly or several this assemblys, wherein, the direction setting of double-deck levels wheel is 90 degree, this device is can be in earthquake is rocked driven or change traffic direction that originally static building rocks with earthquake and driven, when the owner need to move, can utilize the tractor in the motor vehicles to realize traction.

Have the contact of pile foundation face to be divided into: the contact of individual layer face has the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation to have the pad parting to contact the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation with stage construction two kinds of pad partings is arranged.

Embodiment 5: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 3 to Fig. 6, the contact of the individual layer face of patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention has pile foundation to be divided into: two kinds of crawler type and cushion blocks.

Wherein, crawler type be by driving wheel drive, round the flexible chain link of driving wheel, bogie wheel, inducer and carrier wheel.Bogie wheel is used for bearing weight and the positive crawler belt of rule of building, and it is comprised of wheel hub, wheel disc, adhesive tape, ball bearing, wheel cover, hold-down nut, the gear oil cap that unrolls etc., and tracked building convenient removal is installed in the bottom, becomes transportable house.

Cushion block comprises: chute and tabular two kinds.

Wherein, the chute cushion block comprises: two kinds of unlubricated chute and lubricated chutes.

Wherein, unlubricated minute: convex concave, waveform, zigzag and other are unlubricated etc. four kinds.

The unlubricated chute of convex concave is divided into three parts: first base, base can be installed in the top of pile foundation or ground above, also can become as a whole with the top of pile foundation or the upper part of ground, that is: pile cap and base unite two into one, the top of base is convex-concave shape chute, shown in Fig. 3 b; It two is middle gliding masses, and the upper and lower of middle gliding mass is respectively convex-concave shape chute, and its top convex-concave shape chute and bottom convex-concave shape chute are 90 degree; It three is upper gliding masses, and the bottom of upper gliding mass is convex-concave shape chute, can be installed in building below, also can become as a whole with the bottom of building, upper gliding mass, middle gliding mass, base be non-snugly to mesh together the unlubricated chute of formation convex concave.

The unlubricated chute of waveform is divided into three parts: first base, base can be installed in the top of pile foundation or ground above, also can become as a whole with the top of pile foundation or the upper part of ground, that is: pile cap and base unite two into one, the top of base is wavy chute, shown in Fig. 3 c; It two is middle gliding masses, and the upper and lower of middle gliding mass is respectively wavy chute, and the wavy chute design in the wavy chute in its top and bottom is 90 degree; It three is upper gliding masses, the bottom of upper gliding mass is wavy chute, can be installed in building below, also can become as a whole with the bottom of building, upper gliding mass, middle gliding mass, the upper and lower contact surface of base three snugly mesh together and consist of the unlubricated chute of waveform, and upper gliding mass, middle gliding mass, base three front, rear, left and right contact surface are non-closely cooperating.

The unlubricated chute of zigzag is divided into three parts: first base, base can be installed in the top of pile foundation or ground above, also can become as a whole with the top of pile foundation or the upper part of ground, that is: pile cap and base unite two into one, the top of base is the zigzag chute, shown in Fig. 3 a; It two is middle gliding masses, and the upper and lower of middle gliding mass is respectively the zigzag chute, and its top zigzag chute and bottom zigzag chute are 90 degree; It three is upper gliding masses, and the bottom of upper gliding mass is the zigzag chute, can be installed in building below, also can become as a whole with the bottom of building, upper gliding mass, middle gliding mass, base be non-snugly to mesh together the unlubricated chute of formation zigzag.

Lubricated minute: four classes such as convex concave, waveform, zigzag and other are lubricated.

It is basically consistent with the theory of mechanics of the unlubricated chute of above-mentioned convex concave, the unlubricated chute of waveform, the unlubricated chute of zigzag that convex concave is lubricated chute, the lubricated chute of waveform, zigzag is lubricated chute, difference is that the latter has increased by a cover circulating oil system, and so-called circulating oil system refers to: mainly be comprised of institutes such as hydraulic pump, fuel tank, strainer, sealing devices.Before earthquake is arrived, open this system, the upwards engagement lubricant housings supply of lubricant of gliding mass, middle gliding mass, base, and discharge backflow sliding agent, to reduce the frictional resistance between the three, earthquake proof construction realizes that any angle of 360 degree moves freely with earthquake.

Wherein, tabular cushion block individual layer face contact has pile foundation to refer to: the pillar of building (4) is provided with concentric cushion block between the stake perpendicular to underground pile foundation with one heart, and the slab-like mats block structure is divided into: self cushion block (6), connecting-type cushion block (7) and monolithic devices cushion block (8) three classes:

Self tabular (6) refers to that pad is between a certain pile (5) and the post under it separately, and the three is vertically concentric, and its stability is not as the monolithic devices cushion block, and building (4) design height is generally individual layer building or a few floor, as shown in Figure 4.

Connecting-type tabular (7) refers to that the phase mutual is connected between cushion block and the cushion block between stake (5) and the post, type of attachment is divided: firmly connect and be flexible coupling two kinds, wherein, be flexible coupling and use the connections such as wire rope, iron chains, building (4) design height generally is advisable with several floors, tens floors, as shown in Figure 5.

And monolithic devices tabular (8) refers to that the cushion block between stake (5) and the post is complete a bulk of cushion block, its frictional force was larger than self cushion block when earthquake occured, the upper and lower contact surface of cushion block can be designed as stainless-steel sheet and contacts with stainless-steel sheet, building (4) design height is generally 20 floors to five, ten floors, as shown in Figure 6.

Embodiment 6: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4 to Fig. 7, the contact of the stage construction of patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention has pile foundation to be divided into: two kinds of crawler type and cushion blocks.

Wherein, crawler type, cushion block, chute, unlubricated, convex concave, waveform, zigzag, other is unlubricated, lubricated, tabular, self, firmly connect, be flexible coupling, monolithic devices is roughly the same with the content that the individual layer face contacts the pile foundation class.

Stage construction contact has the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation to have the pad parting to refer to: between building (4) above ground portion and basis (storehouse) except there being firm hard solid to have the parting of pad, the above part of building floor also has one or more similar firm hard solids that the pad parting is arranged, or separate type is without the pad parting, and their designs are between two-layer or between every layer or Seismic Isolation of Isolation Layer of Multi-layer design.

Tabular cushion block is in actual applications take tabular and tabular two classes of monolithic devices of connecting-type as main, and is same, can be designed as stainless-steel sheet between the upper and lower contact surface of cushion block (9) or chorista and the chorista and contacts with stainless-steel sheet, reduces friction.Can design the spacing thing that is flexible coupling between chorista and the chorista, such as cable wire, iron chains etc., chorista over-travel in restriction (or fixing) earthquake, as shown in Figure 7.

Embodiment 7: in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 4, the firm hard solid pad parting of patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention is divided into: nonelastic firm hard solid pad parting and flexible firm hard solid pad parting two classes,

Wherein, the bottom ground of nonelastic firm hard solid pad parting is divided into: pile foundation is arranged and without pile foundation two groups,

Wherein, comprise without pile foundation: the some contact contacts two groups with line.

Wherein, be divided into without the contact of pile foundation point: ball, universal wheel and other point contact three kinds;

Ball refers to: the bottom that ball, steel ball, steel ball, stainless shot, cast steel ball, grinding ball, copper ball etc. is installed in building, can in rocking, earthquake do the horizontal 360-degree displacement, the things such as ball can be in the basal sliding of the pillar of building, grade beam, floor, and one of its structure is designed to the first half (or most of) embedding etc.

Universal wheel refers to: universal wheel is installed in column bottom or grade beam bottom or the floor slab bottoms of building, can designs and the system of stopping is installed, normal epoch is checked, and unclamps the system of stopping before earthquake is rocked, and earthquake proof construction can be made the random rotary moving of horizontal 360-degree.

Be divided into without the contact of pile foundation line: drum-type contacts two kinds with other line.

Drum-type: cylinder is columniform part, usually adopts seamless steel pipe to make, and it is material that stainless steel, steel-casting, the solid alloy steel core that forges are also arranged.Several cylinders and rubber-coated roller are installed in the bottom of building, and be can be in earthquake is rocked driven or change traffic direction that originally static building rocks with earthquake and driven.

Wherein, flexible firm hard solid pad parting comprises: between building and the ground or between the above part of building floor and the basis some huge springs, damper and other flexible Seismic Isolation of Isolation Layer are installed, and one or five groups such as some long steel plates, rubber tile.

Wherein, spring-like: shock-absorbing spring, buffer spring can absorb vibration and the impact energy of earthquake, make building when stressed, spring no matter be stretches, compress, reverse, crooked etc. can both resetting, then, interior people, the wealth of building is saved from damage.Illustrate: between building body and the ground spring layer is set, spring layer is to be fixed between upper steel plate and the lower steel plate by countless springs to consist of, attention: when the length proportionate relationship of design building main body, should be wide, unsuitable high, and building structure must be than the above part-structure in the ground of other kind earthquake proof construction more stable and stronger more.

The damper class: the damper that uses now mainly contains: rubber shock absorber, spring damper, air type damper, fluid air type damper, full fluid formula damper etc.Mounting shock absorber is eliminated the destructiveness of earthquake between part between building and the ground or more than the building floor and basis.

Long steel plate class: be (or polylith) long steel plate below the building, long steel plate is microscler, two ends ride on the pillar (or crossbeam, cliff), pillar is fixed on the basis, the length and width direction of building is consistent with the length and width direction of long steel plate, the length that long steel plate grows building part with and thickness obtain by calculating, warehouse or garage etc. can be done in the space below the long steel plate.

The rubber tile class: being the concrete plate on the ground, is rubber layer on the concrete plate, is building body on the rubber layer, and building body bottom be the concrete plate, cast-in-place monoblock concrete plate preferably, and upper and lower two blocks of concrete plates align with the rubber layer of centre and get final product, and needn't fix! Rubber layer divides two kinds: a kind of is small-sized building, an independent rubber tile; The second is large-scale building, is comprised of some blocks of rubber tiles.

Embodiment 8: in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 8, patent separate type of the present invention earthquake proof construction other, refer to relevant with earthquake proof construction and fill up the energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing content of intersecting and depositing in the parting without the pad parting with having, comprising: six classes such as case structure, steel framed structure, building structure, stabilising arrangement, anti-seismic floorslab, displacement coating.

Case structure refers to: case structure is arranged in some the little spaces (as: lavatory) in will building, case structure is independently, around it, the other parts of upper and lower and this building disconnect (and living facilities, the communication apparatus such as water, electricity, combustion gas, phone, network are connected), leave the position of door, window, case structure must be firm, and the other parts that require to build in the intensity level earthquake are collapsed and case structure is not ruined! The interim lifesaving institute of taking refuge as people.

Steel framed structure refers to: in take steel concrete or masonry structure as main building with every suit (unit, the family) office, live, shopping, leisure, less spatial placement such as rest room in the playground (lavatory) or kitchen or dressing room or enclosed balcony or smoking seat etc. becomes steel framed structure, supportted by allotment, cut support, bearing diagonal, crossbeam, upper steel plate, lower steel plate consists of, box steel framed structure material is such as steel plate, band steel, round steel, angle steel, channel-section steel, i iron, square steel, welding such as steel pipe or be threaded form, wherein, the crossbeam steel quantitative requirement at top is more than other orientation, leave door on every side, the position of window, it is closed also can be designed to except door and window whole steel sheet, when earthquake happens suddenly, people enter rapidly in the nearest box steel framed structure and take refuge temporarily, and box steel framed structure is commonly called as: surviving cell.

Building structure: building structure of a great variety, as: tetragonal wall, pentagonal wall, hexagonal body of wall etc.Take hexagonal body of wall as example, refer to a kind of building structure take hexagonal wall, pillar and crossbeam as base unit, the length of the hexagon wall in the same building can be designed to different length, the size that is the separate room can be different, the angle of per three walls, crossbeam junction is 120 degree, and its structural seismic effect is better than 90 degree bodies of wall, crossbeam combination.Content about building structure also has a lot, as: separate room and adjacent separate room height of living in differ the staggered floor construction of half storey in the same building, certainly, also can be designed as the staggered floor construction that is lower than half storey or is higher than half storey.Common building structure space mostly is hexahedron, can design non-hexahedron for the consideration of antidetonation, as: tetrahedron, pentahedron, heptahedron, octahedron ... space structures.

Stabilising arrangement comprises: heavy room (10) and attachment (11), heavy room (10) is arranged on the top of highrise building (12) or than the position, upper strata, heavy room (10) is by metal material, such as steel, iron etc. or other heavy material build up, heavy room (10) independent suspension is in highrise building (12), its center of gravity is concentric vertical with the center of gravity of highrise building, the top in heavy room (10) has attachment (11) to be connected with highrise building (12), there is attachment (11) to be connected with highrise building (12) around the heavy room (10), attachment (11) is made of huge spring or automatic extending-contracting apparatus, the below is without any connection, can set foot on pin with the height distance of floor and to be advisable, heavy room (10) all around with the distance of building wall greater than heavy room (10) distance with architectural lower floor, heavy room (10) can be designed as the national treasury of bank etc., heavy room (10) can be arranged to one or many between, also can be set to account for the height space of first floor or multi-story.When earthquake sphere lateral wave rocked, bed rearrangement highrise building (12) was rocking thereupon, and heavy room (10) are relatively static, and the highrise building body that will depart from retracts, as shown in Figure 8.

Anti-seismic floorslab: common reinforced pre-fabricated concrete board floor weight is very heavy, in middle rank, intensity level earthquake, can't bear to bear deadweight, above floor cave in and pound floor to following, and then two-layer floor is pounded to more following floor, three floor plates are pounded to more following floor ..., the entire building room caves in! " see and cover under the building, is there there again the perfect person? " the requirement of earthquake proof construction floor material has certain insulation, heat insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation, the performance such as nontoxic, radiationless, non-conductive, lightweight, firm.

Constructional materials and the floor of earthquake proof construction wall are roughly the same, not necessarily require floor so firm, take light weight as main! The constructional materials such as foundation pile, crossbeam does not advise using steel concrete.

Displacement coating: by between the building of separating and the ground, have pad parting slide surface to spray a kind of withstand load splendid low friction solid, semisolid or hydrodynamic lubrication coating between building floor part and basis, the building sandwich construction, to realize that the effectively displacement under the effect of earthquake sphere lateral wave of pad parting body is arranged, coating must have lower friction factor, high quiet supporting capacity, good abrasion resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, the stability under the wet gas environments condition etc.

Earthquake proof construction must ensure uniform sinking and the ability that prevents the inclination aspect is arranged.Firmly, the basis of the type that is flexible coupling, the tabular cushion block individual layer of monolithic devices, multistory building and annex or low layer should increase bearing diagonal, cut support, to add stiff stability.Be not suitable for addressing and build at seismic joint, disapprove is built the building that is higher than 50 floors.Must keep certain distance and space around the above part of earthquake proof construction ground or the water surface, so as building in tectonic earthquake with earthquake rock and driven.

Have that pad trapping body inflatable body is closed at upper, vapour-pressure type, liquid fluid pressure type, semi-solid pressure type, pallet in lower room, the lubricated convex concave of individual layer cushion block chute, waveform, zigzag, other is lubricated, the lubricated convex concave of multilayer cushion block chute, waveform, zigzag, other lubricates, flexible damper etc. can be applied to the earthquake proof construction technical field in conjunction with mechanical drive principle.

Descending in upper house every unsettled pneumatic structure inflatable body without pad, inflatable body in interior house outside, inflatable body outside the house interior, the liquid formula wooden construction of floating, soil stone building, metal building, other material building, there is pad pile foundation line contact roller cartridge type line contact to be arranged every solid rigid is nonelastic, the contact of wheel type line, other line contact, face contact individual layer crawler type, the Double-layer caterpillar formula, without pile foundation point contact ball, universal wheel, other some contact, line contact roller cartridge type, other line contact is divided into unpowered systems and dynamic system two large classes.

Wherein, need to take off, navigate by water, can realize by traction when travelling when unpowered systems, carry out relevant energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing preparation before the earthquake; Dynamic system need to take off, navigates by water, can start when travelling the power set of self and finish, can select before the earthquake to leave earthquake areas or stay, dynamic system its power set of earthquake proof construction that selection stays should be in ' neutral gear ' position, so that bring into play to greatest extent their isolating affection.

Design principle according to the separate type earthquake proof construction, above-mentioned can intersect between various, all kinds of to mix utilization is set, can realize the automatic control of antidetonation and system engineering, intelligent antidetonation etc. in conjunction with electromechanical integration, computer and artificial intelligence etc. comprising some kind.

Embodiment 9: in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 7, patent earthquake proof construction of the present invention, the existing building in the world today is take reinforced concrete frame structure as main flow, the pillar and the underground pile that are characterized in frame construction connect into an integral body, as everyone knows, when building, concretely solidified about needs 24 hours, if built 1 floor in 3 days, so, the post of every floor or beam just have the fracture of 3 places, also do not calculate floor, the breaking part of wall and stake, how many breaking parts every reinforced concrete building has well imagine, because traditional building storey plate, crossbeam, pillar, underground pile and ground connect into as a whole, when tectonic earthquake occurs, the inclined to one side compressional wave of earthquake acts on building, the overall jitter that is ruptured in originally some places gets loose nothing and complies with, and then, when earthquake sphere lateral wave transmits, the earth is acutely rocking, and the seismic shear active force is in loose building body, and reinforcing bar holds concrete weight that can't stand that some fractures are loose, the power sudden change of carrying can not find focus point and causes the disconnected floor of pillar to collapse the house, and the people in the building is either dead or wounded!

And patent separate type of the present invention earthquake proof construction is that building is separated disconnection with ground, surface structures and basis or ground are not an integral body, in weak level, under the middle rank geological process, because its structure is separated up and down, when the spot jounce moved, the center of gravity of building was upwards beated, the portion of energy of the inclined to one side compressional wave of earthquake can be consumed, produce displacement, immediately, when earthquake sphere lateral wave acutely rocks the earth, because, building does not consist of an integral body with ground, pad is arranged every filler, makes building relatively static, eliminated the partly shearing of seismic wave, so, play antidetonation, the effect of shock insulation ensures people's safety of life and property effectively.

Earthquake proof construction is an aspect, the people is the main factor that reduces earthquake disaster, country should carry out annual to whole people's outreach earthquake general knowledge, allow each citizen participate in the shockproof education of the enterprise and institution at place separately and organize irregular earthquake self-rescue, the manoeuvre of rescuing mutually, escape, eliminate the feared state of mind, make earthquake escape become one of existence technical ability that everyone avoids the coming trouble.

Designer and the constructor correction to patent separate type of the present invention earthquake proof construction in drawing and building implementation process all is included within the protection domain of patent of the present invention with improvement.

Claims (9)

1. a class building aseismicity, seismic isolation technology, it is characterized in that between building and the ground, be set to separate type between the above part of building floor and basis, the building sandwich construction, mainly comprise: be provided with pad parting, nothing pad parting and other three major types between part and basis, the building sandwich construction between the building and ground of separation, more than the building floor, when tectonic earthquake occurs, the earth is rocking, build relatively staticly, play effect shockproof, energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing.

2. according to claim 1 without the pad parting, it is characterized in that being divided into: ground is without filling up every filling up every two large classes with unsettled nothing, wherein, ground without pad every referring to: do not have between building and the earth's surface pile foundation or filler as pad every, mainly slightly doing plane finishing with natural earth's surface (rock or hard soil) processes rear as building lot, mainly comprise: some contact, line contact, face contact three classes, some contact minute: the Zhi Zhudian contact is put with other and is contacted two classes; The line contact divides: the contact of pillar ground collar tie beam line, other line contact two classes, wherein, the collar tie beam line contact of pillar ground divides again: the contact of individual layer pillar ground collar tie beam line, multilayer pillar ground collar tie beam line contact two groups: the face contact divides: the contact of pillar ground collar tie beam floor face, other face contact two classes, wherein, the contact of pillar ground collar tie beam floor face divides again: the contact of individual layer pillar ground collar tie beam floor face, multilayer pillar ground collar tie beam floor face contact two groups; Individual layer refers to that the separation gap of building only has a place, multilayer refers to that the separation gap of building has some places, unsettled without filling up every dividing: suspension type, pneumatic structure and other unsettled three classes, wherein, suspension type comprises: top suspension, mid-mounting, bottom hung and other hang four classes, and air filling type divides: inflatable body in upper house lower, inflatable body in interior house outside, inflatable body outside the house in interior and other pneumatic structure four classes.

3. according to claim 1 have a pad parting, it is characterized in that being divided into: with the weight of the four large class fill-in pads such as gas, liquid, semisolid, solid every the carrying building, wherein, gas backing is every being divided into: inflatable body in lower room in upper and vapour-pressure type two classes, the liquid pad is every being divided into: float formula, fluid cushion and fluid pressure type three classes, wherein, the formula of floating is divided again by main material: four classes such as wooden construction, native stone building, metal building and other material building, semi-solid pad is every dividing: filling type and pressure type two classes.

4. solid according to claim 3 has the pad parting, it is characterized in that being divided into: loose soft solid has pad every pad being arranged every two classes with firm hard solid, wherein, loose soft solid has pad every referring to be provided with filler and pallet between building and the ground, wherein, filler divides: tiny filler and thick filler two groups, and wherein, tiny filler comprises: yellow sand, sand asphalt and other tiny filler three groups; Thick filler comprises: spheroid, soil engineering bag and other thick filler three groups, pallet is divided into: open, semi-enclosed and closed three groups, open pallet horizontal development is that yellow sand (or other tiny filler) building construction is on it on it; There is certain height to make yellow sand (or other tiny filler) be difficult for leaking around the semienclosed pallet; Covered by movable plate above the enclosed pallet, inside is yellow sand (or other tiny filler).

5. firm hard solid according to claim 3 has the pad parting, it is characterized in that being divided into: nonelastic firm hard solid has pad every pad being arranged every two classes with flexible firm hard solid, wherein, nonelastic firm hard solid have pad every the bottom ground be divided into: pile foundation is arranged and without pile foundation two groups, wherein, have pile foundation to comprise: two groups such as line contact, face contact, wherein, have the contact of pile foundation line to be divided into: the contact of drum-type line, the contact of wheel type line contact three kinds with other line; Have the contact of pile foundation face to be divided into: the contact of individual layer face has the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation to have the pad parting to contact the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation with stage construction two kinds of pad partings is arranged.

6. individual layer face contact according to claim 5 has pile foundation, it is characterized in that being divided into: two kinds of crawler type and cushion blocks, wherein, cushion block comprises: chute and tabular two kinds, wherein, the chute cushion block comprises: unlubricated and lubricated two kinds, wherein, unlubricated minute: convex concave, waveform, zigzag and other are unlubricated etc. four kinds; Lubricated minute: convex concave, waveform, zigzag and other are lubricated etc. four kinds, tabular cushion block individual layer face contact has pile foundation to refer to: the pillar of building is provided with concentric cushion block between the stake perpendicular to underground pile foundation with one heart, the slab-like mats block structure is divided into: self is tabular, connecting-type is tabular and tabular three kinds of monolithic devices, self is tabular to refer to that pad is between stake and post separately, and the three is concentric; Connecting-type is tabular to be referred to: stake is connected with cushion block phase mutual between the post, and wherein, connected mode is divided: firmly connect and be flexible coupling two kinds; Monolithic devices is tabular to be referred to: be complete a bulk of cushion block between stake and the post.

7. stage construction contact according to claim 5 has pile foundation, it is characterized in that being divided into: two kinds of crawler type and cushion blocks, wherein, cushion block comprises: chute and tabular two kinds, wherein, the chute cushion block comprises: unlubricated and lubricated two kinds, wherein, unlubricated minute: convex concave, waveform, zigzag and other are unlubricated etc. four kinds; Lubricated minute: convex concave, waveform, zigzag and other are lubricated etc. four kinds, tabular cushion block stage construction contact has pile foundation to refer to: the pillar of building is provided with concentric cushion block between the stake perpendicular to underground pile foundation with one heart, the slab-like mats block structure is divided into: self is tabular, connecting-type is tabular and tabular three kinds of monolithic devices, self is tabular to refer to that pad is between stake and post separately, and the three is concentric; Connecting-type is tabular to be referred to: stake is connected with cushion block phase mutual between the post, and wherein, connected mode is divided: firmly connect and be flexible coupling two kinds; Monolithic devices is tabular to be referred to: be complete a bulk of cushion block between stake and the post, stage construction contact has the nonelastic firm hard solid of pile foundation to have the pad parting to refer to: between building floor part and the basis except there being firm hard solid to have the pad parting, the above part of building floor also has one or more similar firm hard solids that the pad parting is arranged, or separate type is without the pad parting, their designs are between two-layer or between every layer or Seismic Isolation of Isolation Layer of Multi-layer design, it is spacing that the thing that is flexible coupling can be set between chorista and the chorista, such as cable wire, iron chains etc., restrictedly earthquake centre chorista over-travel.

8. firm hard solid according to claim 5 has the pad parting, it is characterized in that being divided into: nonelastic firm hard solid pad parting and flexible firm hard solid pad parting two classes, wherein, the bottom ground of nonelastic firm hard solid pad parting is divided into: pile foundation is arranged and without pile foundation two groups, comprise without pile foundation: the some contact contacts two groups with line, wherein, be divided into without the contact of pile foundation point: ball, universal wheel and other point contact three kinds; Be divided into without the contact of pile foundation line: drum-type contacts two kinds with other line, wherein, flexible firm hard solid pad parting comprises: between building and the ground or between the above part of building floor and the basis some huge springs, damper and other flexible Seismic Isolation of Isolation Layer are installed, and one or five groups such as some long steel plates, rubber tile.

Separate type earthquake proof construction according to claim 1 other, it is characterized in that earthquake proof construction is without filling up parting and the energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing content of intersecting and depositing in the pad parting being arranged, comprising: case structure, steel framed structure, building structure, stabilising arrangement, anti-seismic floorslab, six classes such as displacement coating, design principle according to the separate type earthquake proof construction, above-mentioned various, the mixing that can intersect between all kinds of arranges utilization, can be in conjunction with electromechanical integration comprising some kind, electronic computer and artificial intelligence etc. realize antidetonation automatically control and system engineering, intelligence antidetonation etc.

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