CN102854132A - Knee patellofemoral joint mechanical testing tester - Google Patents
Knee patellofemoral joint mechanical testing tester Download PDFInfo
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- CN102854132A CN102854132A CN2012103529126A CN201210352912A CN102854132A CN 102854132 A CN102854132 A CN 102854132A CN 2012103529126 A CN2012103529126 A CN 2012103529126A CN 201210352912 A CN201210352912 A CN 201210352912A CN 102854132 A CN102854132 A CN 102854132A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a knee patellofemoral joint mechanical testing tester, which consists of four parts, namely a supporting frame, a loading device, guide rails and a knee joint model bone clamping fixation device. The four parts are in a position connection relation that: the supporting frame is placed directly on the ground, all the guide rails are fixedly connected to the supporting frame, the loading device and the knee joint model bone clamping fixation device all move in the guide rails. The knee patellofemoral joint mechanical testing tester is the basic equipment of human body knee joint mechanical testing, is used for simulating and testing patellofemoral joint mechanical properties of knees and prosthesis-containing knee joint model bones under arbitrary angle with a buckling range of 0 degrees-120 degrees, and also can be used for contrastive analysis testing of postoperative patellofemoral joint movement and mechanical characteristics of replaced patellas and non-replaced patellas along with buckling angle variation in total knee replacement. The tester provides data and a method for analysis of postoperative complications of repair and replacement, etc. and has good utility and reference value in the fields of biomedicine and medical instrument manufacturing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of knee patellofemoral joint mechanical test testing machine, belong to biomedicine and medicine equipment and make the field.
Background technology
Knee joint is the joint of human body maximum, is divided into shin femoral joint and kneecap femoral joint two parts.Kneecap is the sesamoid bone of human body maximum, is the important component part of stretching the knee structure, play an important role in stretching knee mechanism, but in daily life and sports, kneecap might be subject to various wounds, such as Patella Cartilage disease etc.Along with the progress of medical science with science and technology, it is more and more that the total knee replacement operation relevant with patellofemoral joint implemented, patellofemoral complications is the key factor that causes that postoperative is overhauled behind the total knee arthroplasty, correctly estimates the relative motion of human body knee patellofemoral joint and stress distribution for addressing these problems important in inhibiting.
The present invention is on the basis of research patellofemoral joint motion, design a kind of knee patellofemoral joint mechanical test testing machine, can test the patellofemoral joint Mechanical Data under arbitrarily angled in 0 ° ~ 120 ° scopes of knee joint and knee joint model osteocampsia, its target is for the mechanical test of patellofemoral joint and mechanical characteristic analysis.
Summary of the invention
1, purpose: the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of knee patellofemoral joint mechanical test testing machine, be implemented in stripped knee joint and knee joint model bone patellofemoral joint mechanical test and mechanical characteristic analysis under the different flexion angles.Simultaneously, this mechanical test testing machine is the infrastructure device of human body knee joint mechanical test, also for the mechanical test of knee patellofemoral joint behind patellofemoral joint injury repair and the total knee arthroplasty, waits postoperative Complications that data and method are provided for repairing with displacement.
2, technical scheme: a kind of knee patellofemoral joint of the present invention mechanical test testing machine, it comprises four parts, i.e. bracing frame, charger, guide rail and knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device.Position annexation between them is: bracing frame directly is positioned on the ground, and guide rail all is fixedly connected on the bracing frame, and charger and knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device all move in guide rail.
Support frame as described above is a tower structure, and whole device is played the support and connection effect.By guide rail and knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device, the knee joint model bone is fixed in a certain fixed angle.During loading, by control system drive load device along the guide rail movement imposed load; And can by the gauge head wheelwork in the charger, regulate the size and Orientation of the power that applies; When not loading, charger provides tension balanced self gravitation upwards, makes whole system keep balance.This bracing frame comprises base, the thin aluminum sheet shell, support bar supports upper plate, the support bar upper padding plate, support bar lower bolster and tripod, position annexation between them is: base is placed on the ground, and support bar is fixed by support bar lower bolster and base, supports upper plate and is connected with support bar by the support bar upper padding plate, the thin aluminum sheet shell is fixed in support bar upper padding plate and support bar lower bolster, and tripod is installed in support bar upper padding plate side and supports the upper plate bottom surface.This base is the rectangular parallelepiped steel-casting with four legs, and four leg places are processed with manhole, location when being convenient to base and placing on the ground, and the steel-casting both sides process respectively three through holes, position fixing to four support bars and two cylindrical guides respectively; This thin aluminum sheet shell is to be bent into concave shape with the rectangle plate, and it is fixed on the support bar periphery, plays the dust-break backplate; This support bar is the slender axles parts, and the support bar two ends are designed to shaft shoulder location, at the end threading, by nut base and support upper plate is linked together, and its quantity is 4, and symmetry is installed in submarginal four through holes in the base both sides; This support upper plate is the rectangle plate, is provided with 6 manholes on it for being fixedly connected with; This support bar upper padding plate is the rectangle plate, is provided with manhole on it and cooperates the location with the shaft shoulder of the end of support bar; This support bar lower bolster also is the rectangle plate, is provided with manhole on it and cooperates the location with the end shaft shoulder of support bar; This tripod is that the two-end part at angle steel connects a steel plate and consists of triangular shape, increases load-bearing capacity, and the angle steel both ends respectively are processed with two through holes, and reinforcement effect is erected in support.Pneumatic cylinder guide rail in the testing machine, the gauge head guide rail, cylindrical guide and model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail all are fixed on this bracing frame.
Described charger comprises pneumatic cylinder, the pneumatic cylinder slide block, pneumatic cylinder slide block backing plate, pneumatic cylinder piston rod, the piston rod web joint, the piston rod connecting lateral plate, the gauge head slide block, gauge head and gauge head wheelwork, relation between it is: the pneumatic cylinder slide block, pneumatic cylinder slide block backing plate and pneumatic cylinder upper end are fixed by bolt and nut, pneumatic cylinder and pneumatic cylinder piston rod support the use, and are driven by the pneumatic cylinder slide block and move in the pneumatic cylinder guide rail of bracing frame, and the piston rod web joint is fixed on shaft shoulder place, pneumatic cylinder piston rod lower end by nut, piston rod web joint side is fixed in piston rod connecting lateral plate upper end, piston rod connecting lateral plate middle part fixes with the gauge head slide block, and the gauge head wheelwork is installed in piston rod connecting lateral plate lower end by bolt and nut, and gauge head is installed on the multidiameter of gauge head wheelwork.This pneumatic cylinder is that the model that SMC company produces is the cylindric pneumatic cylinder of CG1, for testing machine provides power; This pneumatic cylinder upper end of slide block cross section is trapezoidal, is the part of sliding in the pneumatic cylinder guide rail, and lower end section is rectangle, is the part that is connected with pneumatic cylinder, and the lower end rectangular parallelepiped partly is processed with two counter sinks; This pneumatic cylinder slide block backing plate is a rectangular parallelepiped piece, is processed with two manholes, works the pneumatic cylinder effect that holds out against; This pneumatic cylinder piston rod is the cylindrical shaft part, and the end is designed to shaft shoulder location, and the end is processed with external thread; This piston rod web joint is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, and top and bottom are processed with through hole, and two relative side respectively is processed with two threaded holes; This piston rod connecting lateral plate is a rectangle sheet material, and the upper, middle and lower is processed with respectively two manholes; This gauge head slide block and pneumatic cylinder slide block are similar, and upper end section is trapezoidal, are the part of sliding in the gauge head guide rail, and lower end section is rectangle, are the part that is connected with the piston rod connecting lateral plate, and its rectangular parallelepiped bottom surface, lower end is processed with two threaded holes; This gauge head is a cylindrical bar, one end is provided with shaft shoulder location, shaft shoulder top is processed with external thread, be fixed on the gauge head wheelwork by external thread and gauge head abutment ring, the other end is equipped with a steel ball, steel ball and cylindrical bar are threaded connection, and this gauge head transmits power and is applied on the knee joint according to certain angle of inclination.This gauge head wheelwork comprises gauge head wheelwork front side board, gauge head wheelwork back side panel, gear shaft, multidiameter, bearing, cylindrical gear, handwheel, scrambler, scrambler pad, abutment ring, spring coupling, coupling shaft, locating ring, hold out against circular cone, end cap, gear sleeve, set collar sleeve, key, gauge head set collar and gauge head abutment ring.Position annexation between it is: gear shaft and multidiameter are installed between gauge head wheelwork front side board and the back side panel by four bearings, cylindrical gear and gauge head set collar pass through gear sleeve, set collar sleeve and key are fixed on the multidiameter, the gauge head abutment ring is installed in gauge head set collar lower end, hold out against circular cone and be contained in the end that multidiameter stretches out gauge head wheelwork back side panel one end, fixed by key, two end caps are contained in respectively the outside of mounting teeth wheel shaft shoulder hole on gauge head wheelwork front side board and the back side panel, handwheel sleeve stretches out the end of gauge head wheelwork front side board one end at gear shaft, fixed by key, scrambler is by the scrambler pad, abutment ring, locating ring is fixed on the gauge head wheelwork front side board outside, and the axle of scrambler passes through spring coupling, coupling shaft is connected with the threaded hole that multidiameter stretches out gauge head wheelwork front side board one end.This gauge head wheelwork front side board and back side panel are the rectangle plate, are processed with the through hole of bearings mounted shoulder hole and erection bolt; This gear shaft and multidiameter material are steel No. 45, modifier treatment, and bottom surface, multidiameter one end end is processed with threaded hole; This bearing is that code name is respectively 16001 and 16005 deep groove ball bearing; This cylindrical gear is involute gear, and material is No. 45 steel, modulation treatment; This hand wheel structure is similar to vehicle steering, and the middle part has a hollow cylinder to be connected with gear shaft; This scrambler is that the model that adopts Omron Corp to produce is the incremental encoder of E6B2-C; This scrambler pad is circular stalloy, is processed with three tapped through holes along even circumferential; This abutment ring is formed by thin aluminum strip bending; This spring coupling is that the model that the huge people of employing company produces is the spring coupling of G2-40T; This coupling shaft is a little multidiameter, and an end is processed a plane and is connected with spring coupling, and other end threading is connected with multidiameter; This locating ring is the annulus with a flange, evenly is processed with three counter sinks and three through holes on the annulus circumference; This holds out against circular cone is a hollow round table, is processed with keyway; This end cap is the thin rounded flakes that there is cylindrical projection at a center, four counter sinks that the thin slice even circumferential is processed with; This gear sleeve and set collar sleeve are the open circles column piece; This gauge head set collar is to connect a multidiameter on the face of cylinder of a hollow cylinder, and bottom surface, multidiameter end even circumferential is processed with four through holes, and hollow cylinder is processed with keyway; This gauge head abutment ring is that a cylindrical seat center has a cylindrical projection, and cylindrical seat and cylindrical projection center are processed with tapped through hole, and the cylindrical seat even circumferential is processed with four manholes; This key is A type flat key.Pneumatic cylinder is driven by control system and inputs as power; Pneumatic cylinder connects gauge head wheelwork and gauge head by pneumatic cylinder piston rod, the gear shaft of manual rotation hand wheel rotating gauge head wheelwork, the drive cylindrical gear rotates, and then regulates the direction that applies of pressure, and the rotational angle of gauge head wheelwork obtains by the scrambler that links to each other with multidiameter.
Described rail sections comprises cylindrical guide, pneumatic cylinder guide rail, gauge head guide rail and model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail.Relation between it is: cylindrical guide is parallel to support bar and vertically places, the pneumatic cylinder guide rail, gauge head guide rail and model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail be successively level installation from top to bottom, the pneumatic cylinder guide rail is fixed in the support upper plate of bracing frame upper end, model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail is fixed in the base of bracing frame lower end, the gauge head guide rail is in the bracing frame middle part, moves along cylindrical guide.This cylindrical guide equally is the slender axles part with support bar, the cylindrical guide two ends are designed to shaft shoulder location, at the end threading, be fixed in base and support upper plate by nut, its quantity is 2, and symmetry is installed in two inboard in support frame base both sides through holes, it and the parallel placement of the support bar of bracing frame, polishing is adopted on the cylindrical guide surface, reduces friction; The planform of this pneumatic cylinder guide rail is the rigid section guide rail of oat tail groove structure, it will bear the gravity of pneumatic cylinder and gauge head guide rail and gauge head etc., be the two guide rails of the stable employing that guarantees structure, two guide rails are fixing side by side, pneumatic cylinder guide rail and bracing frame support upper plate and are connected by screw, and pneumatic cylinder links to each other by bolt and nut with the pneumatic cylinder slide block; This gauge head guide rail is to adopt the X-shaped section material guide rail, for guaranteeing integrally-built balance, and two guide rails before and after this X-shaped section material guide rail will use, identical gauge head slide block and fixing mechanism are used in front and back, and the gauge head slide block is fixedly connected with the piston rod connecting lateral plate by screw; This model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail, employing one is similar to the horizontal guide rail of dovetail groove, knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device moves horizontally and can fix at an arbitrary position at this guide rail, this guide rail is positioned on the base by screw, normally mobile for not affecting positioning sliding block, the guide rail bottom is opened a groove and is used for fixing screw.Testing machine is after the knee joint model bone is fixed in experiment, pneumatic cylinder will be by its shaft shoulder going down to the pressure of pneumatic cylinder piston rod, before placing the knee joint model bone, the gauge head guide rail will provide pulling force and himself gravity upwards to balance each other by pneumatic cylinder, namely realize by the nut that is threaded with pneumatic cylinder piston rod.The gauge head guide rail slides at cylindrical guide by the cylindrical guide slide block.During loading, under the control system effect, pneumatic cylinder moves along the pneumatic cylinder guide rail, drives the gauge head wheelwork that is connected with pneumatic cylinder and is synchronized with the movement along the gauge head guide rail.Wherein, such as Fig. 5, the gauge head guide rail is connected with cylindrical guide and partly comprises cylindrical guide slide block side plate, cylindrical guide slide block web joint, register pin, cylindrical guide slide block, copper sheathing.Position annexation between them is: two cylindrical guide slide block side plates and a cylindrical guide slide block web joint are combined by screw and are fixed on the gauge head guide rail, register pin is installed on the cylindrical guide slide block web joint, the cylindrical guide slide block is fixed in cylindrical guide slide block web joint, copper sheathing is installed in the circular hole of cylindrical guide slide block, directly contacts with cylindrical guide.This cylindrical guide slide block side plate is bent into " recessed " shape by thin aluminum sheet, and its upper and lower surface respectively is processed with two threaded holes; This cylindrical guide slide block web joint is that thin aluminum sheet is bent into " recessed " shape, and it respectively is processed with two countersunk head threaded holes, four threaded holes in two surfaces up and down, and upper surface also is processed with a location pin-and-hole, and the side is processed with four threaded holes; This register pin adopts the GB119 straight pin, is of a size of M3*12mm; This cylindrical guide slide block is that an outstanding auricle is arranged on the rectangular parallelepiped pedestal, and four angles of rectangular parallelepiped pedestal are processed with respectively a through hole, and there is a manhole at outstanding auricle center.This copper sheathing adopts the tin bronze material, and wearing quality is good, and edge is embedded in the through hole of cylindrical guide slide block.
Described knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device comprises the smaller part cylinder, and more than half cylinder connects base, auricle, positioning sliding block, clamping screw, angle gauge and angle gauge slide block.Relation between it is: the smaller part cylinder is combined clamping knee joint model bone with more than half cylinder, four auricles are connected by screw smaller part cylinder and more than half cylinder fixing, fix by bolt and nut between every adjacent two auricles, more than half cylinder by screw with to be connected base continuous, connecting base is connected with positioning sliding block by bolt and nut, this bolt also is the turning axle that connects base, and clamping screw is installed on the positioning sliding block; Angle gauge is fixed by screws on the angle gauge slide block, and the angle gauge slide block is installed in the simple guide rail frame of model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail one side.This smaller part cylinder is the hollow semicolumn of a rule, and both sides respectively are processed with a plane, is processed with four threaded holes on each plane; This more than half cylinder and smaller part cylinder are similar, and both sides respectively are processed with a plane, are processed with four threaded holes on each plane, and its end is one section complete hollow cylinder, four threaded holes of complete hollow cylinder bottom surface circumference uniform distribution; This connection base is a circular plate, and along four through holes of even circumferential processing, the bottom surface connects an abutment ring; It is rectangular-shaped that this auricle is that a rectangle sheet material is bent into, and per two auricles are combined the side of smaller part cylinder with more than half cylinder is fixed; The side of this positioning sliding block lower end is trapezoidal, and its upper surface is processed with tapped through hole, slides in model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail, and the positioning sliding block upper end is the auricle of two projections, is processed with manhole on the auricle; This clamping screw material is plastics, to the positioning sliding block positioning and locking; The model that this angle gauge adopts Shanghai, Shanghai worker company to produce is 320 ° angle gauge; There is a groove at this angle gauge slide block middle part, drives angle gauge and slides in the simple guide rail frame of model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail one side, measures two angles between the knee joint model bone.
3, advantage and effect: the present invention can simulate arbitrarily angled in knee and 0 ° ~ 120 ° scopes of knee joint model osteocampsia, can measure knee joint and the knee joint model bone patellofemoral joint mechanical characteristic under continuous flexion angle, and measurement range is wide.Supporting frame part adopts the cylinder support bar to connect, and compactness simple for structure is easy to make.Adopt the Bidirectional gas pressure cylinder that power is provided, can produce the pulling force that balances each other with self charger gravity, reduce the loading error that self gravitation causes.Pneumatic cylinder guide rail and gauge head guide rail all adopt section material guide rail, and processing technology is ripe, and structural stability is good, and Traverse Accuracy is high.The anglec of rotation that adopts angle gauge to measure the flexion angle of knee joint or knee joint model bone and adopt scrambler measurement gauge head guarantees the test line of force in the normal direction of kneecap measuring point, and test data is accurate.Knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device adopts Bolt to position and locking, and is simple in structure, is convenient to dismounting.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. a kind of knee patellofemoral joint of the present invention mechanical test testing machine structure synoptic diagram
Fig. 2. bracing frame of the present invention is installed explosive view
Fig. 3. pneumatic cylinder of the present invention is connected explosive view with the pneumatic cylinder guide rail
Fig. 4. gauge head wheelwork of the present invention is connected explosive view with the gauge head guide rail
Fig. 5. gauge head guide rails assembling explosive view of the present invention
Fig. 6. gauge head wheelwork of the present invention is installed explosive view
Fig. 7. knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device of the present invention and guide rail synoptic diagram thereof
Fig. 8. model bone clamping cylinder of the present invention is installed explosive view
Wherein number in the figure is as follows:
1, base; 2, thin aluminum sheet shell; 3, cylindrical guide; 4, support upper plate; 5, tripod; 6, pneumatic cylinder guide rail; 7, SMC-CG1 pneumatic cylinder; 8, pneumatic cylinder piston rod; 9, gauge head guide rail; 10, gauge head wheelwork; 11, knee joint model bone; 12, model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail; 13, model bone clamping cylinder; 14, support bar lower bolster; 15, support bar pad; 16, support bar; 17, support bar upper padding plate; 18, packing ring 35-140HV; 19, hexagonal nut M35; 20, interior hexagonal cylindrical screw M10 * 20; 21, cylindrical guide slide block; 22, hex bolts M15 * 130; 23, pneumatic cylinder slide block; 24, pneumatic cylinder slide block backing plate; 25, piston rod web joint; 26, hexagonal nut M18; 27, hexagonal nut M15; 28, packing ring 15-140HV; 29, piston rod connecting lateral plate; 30, hex bolts M10 * 190; 31, gauge head wheelwork front side board; 32, bolt collar; 33, gauge head wheelwork back side panel; 34, hexagonal nut M10; 35, interior hexagonal cylindrical screw M20 * 30; 36, gauge head slide block; 37, GB119 register pin M3*10; 38, cylindrical guide slide block side plate; 39, cylindrical guide slide block web joint; 40, copper sheathing; 41, Omron E6B2-C scrambler; 42, scrambler pad; 43, abutment ring; 44, hex bolts M3 * 16; 45, hexagonal nut M3; 46, huge people G2-40T spring coupling; 47, coupling shaft; 48, locating ring; 49, gear sleeve; 50, cylindrical gear; 51, gauge head set collar; 52, gauge head abutment ring; 53, gauge head; 54, set collar sleeve; 55, multidiameter; 56, hold out against circular cone; 57, packing ring 24-140HV; 58, hexagonal nut M25; 59, end cap; 60, key; 61, gear shaft; 62, code name 16005 bearings; 63, code name 16001 bearings; 64, handwheel; 65, more than half cylinder; 66, auricle; 67,320 ° of angle gauges of Shanghai worker; 68, angle gauge slide block; 69, hold out against screw; 70, positioning sliding block; 71, clamping screw; 72, smaller part cylinder; 73, connect base.
Embodiment
A kind of knee patellofemoral joint of the present invention mechanical test testing machine, it comprises four parts, i.e. bracing frame, charger, guide rail and knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device.Position annexation between them is: bracing frame directly is positioned on the ground, and guide rail all is fixedly connected on the bracing frame, and charger and knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device all move in guide rail.
Further specify the embodiment of a kind of knee patellofemoral joint of the present invention mechanical test testing machine below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
See Fig. 1, the present invention includes four parts, be i.e. bracing frame, charger, guide rail, knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device.
The support frame as described above part is seen Fig. 2, and support bar 16 is by support bar pad 15, support bar lower bolster 14, support bar upper padding plate 17, packing ring 18 and hexagonal nut M3519 link together base 1 and support upper plate 4, the support bar 16 two ends shaft shoulders play the role of positioning, and the end external thread cooperates with nut.Thin aluminum sheet shell 2 is fixed on support bar lower bolster 14 and the support bar upper padding plate 17 by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw M10 * 2020.Supporting upper plate 4 reinforces the connection by four tripods 5 with support bar upper padding plate 17.Pneumatic cylinder guide rail 6 with support upper plate 4, all use interior hexagonal cylindrical screw M10 * 2020 to be connected between model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail 12 and the base 1.Cylindrical guide 3 is fixed on the bracing frame in the mode that is similar to support bar 16.
Described charger and rail sections are seen Fig. 3 ~ Fig. 6, and charger comprises SMC-CG1 pneumatic cylinder 7, pneumatic cylinder slide block 23, pneumatic cylinder slide block backing plate 24, pneumatic cylinder piston rod 8, piston rod web joint 25, piston rod connecting lateral plate 29, gauge head slide block 36, gauge head 53 and gauge head wheelwork 10.
SMC-CG1 pneumatic cylinder 7 is seen Fig. 3 with being connected of pneumatic cylinder guide rail 6: SMC-CG1 pneumatic cylinder 7 is by hex bolts M15 * 13022, pneumatic cylinder slide block backing plate 24, packing ring 15-140HV 28 is connected with pneumatic cylinder slide block 23 mutually with hexagonal nut M1527, and pneumatic cylinder slide block 23 slides in pneumatic cylinder guide rail 6.Pneumatic cylinder piston rod 8 lower ends are processed with screw thread, and it is connected by hexagonal nut M1826 with piston rod web joint 25.Pneumatic cylinder piston rod 8 strokes of SMC-CG1 pneumatic cylinder 7 can reach 800mm, and maximum provides the pressure of 1MPa, satisfies the test demand.
This gauge head wheelwork 10 and gauge head guide rail 9, see Fig. 4: piston rod connecting lateral plate 29 plays a part to form a connecting link, piston rod connecting lateral plate 29 is connected with piston rod web joint 25 mutually by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw M10 * 20 20, be connected with gauge head slide block 36 by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw M20 * 30 35, simultaneously, by hex bolts M10 * 190 30, hexagonal nut M1034, bolt collar 32 connects together with gauge head wheelwork front side board 31 and gauge head wheelwork back side panel 33, and gauge head slide block 36 drives gauge head wheelwork 10 and slides in gauge head guide rail 9.Under the pressure-acting of pneumatic cylinder piston rod 8, gauge head guide rail 9 can slide up and down along cylindrical guide 3.
This gauge head guide rail 9 is seen Fig. 5 with being connected of cylindrical guide 3: gauge head guide rail 9 is by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw M20 * 30 35, cylindrical guide slide block side plate 38 is connected mutually with cylindrical guide slide block web joint 39 and cylindrical guide slide block 21, GB119 register pin M3*10 37 plays the role of positioning in installation process.Cylindrical guide slide block 21 drives gauge head guide rail 9 by copper sheathing 40 and slides at cylindrical guide 3, reduces wear.
These gauge head wheelwork 10 concrete structures are seen Fig. 6: gear shaft 61, multidiameter 55 and code name 16005 bearings 62 and code name 16001 bearings 63 are fixed between gauge head wheelwork front side board 31 and the gauge head wheelwork back side panel 33, and code name 16005 bearings 62 and code name 16001 bearings 63 adopt interference fit.Gear shaft 61 two ends are fixing by end cap 59 and interior hexagonal cylindrical screw M10 * 20 20, and the one end is equipped with handwheel 64, can rotate by driven gear axle 61.Multidiameter 55 1 ends are processed with keyway and screw thread, match with holding out against circular cone 56 by key 60, and the end is by hexagonal nut M25 58, and packing ring 24-140HV 57 is fixing.Cylindrical gear 50 and gauge head set collar 51 are circumferentially located by key 60 and multidiameter 55, and gear sleeve 49 and set collar sleeve 54 adopt the shaft shoulder to carry out axial location.Gauge head set collar 51 is connected with gauge head 53 usefulness hex bolts M3 * 16 44, hexagonal nut M3 45 by gauge head abutment ring 52.The other end of multidiameter 55 is drilled with threaded hole, is threaded with the coupling shaft 47 of scrambler.Coupling shaft 47 links to each other by huge people G2-40T spring coupling 46 with Omron E6B2-C scrambler 41.Omron E6B2-C scrambler 41 passes through scrambler pad 42, abutment ring 43, and hex bolts M3 * 16 44, hexagonal nut M3 45 and locating ring 48 are fixedly mounted on the gauge head wheelwork front side board 31.When regulating gauge head wheelwork 10, unclamp hexagonal nut M25 58, rotate handwheel 64, multidiameter 55 rotates thereupon, by the angle that E6B2-C scrambler 41 record gauge head wheelworks 10 in Omron rotate, when stopping operating handwheel 64, tighten hexagonal nut M25 58, hold out against circular cone 56 and hold out against gauge head wheelwork back side panel 33 thereupon, gauge head wheelwork 10 is fixed in required angle.The resolution 2000 pulse/rotations of Omron E6B2-C scrambler 41, and testing requirements gauge head corner satisfies test request fully in 10 °.
Described knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device and guide rail thereof are seen Fig. 7 and Fig. 8: knee joint model bone 11 is positioned in two model bone clamping cylinders 13 and is fixedly clamped, model bone clamping cylinder 13 structures are seen Fig. 8: smaller part cylinder 72 is combined clamping knee joint model bone 11 with more than half cylinder 65, more than half cylinder 65 by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw M10 * 20 20 with to be connected base 73 continuous.See Fig. 7, four auricles 66 are connected by screw smaller part cylinder 72 and more than half cylinder 65 fixing, to fix by bolt and nut between every adjacent two auricles 66, connect base 73 by hex bolts M15 * 130 22, hexagonal nut M1527 is connected with positioning sliding block 70, hex bolts M15 * 130 22 also are the turning axles that connects base 73, and clamping screw 71 is installed on the positioning sliding block 70.Positioning sliding block 70 slides in model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail 12, when positioning sliding block 70 is positioned, tightens clamping screw 71, and positioning sliding block 70 moves up and holds out against the both sides of guide rail, can realize the location.Model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail 12 is positioned on the base 1 by screw, and is normally mobile for not affecting positioning sliding block 70, and this guide rail bottom is opened a groove and is used for fixing screw.320 ° of angle gauges of Shanghai worker 67 adopt screw to be fixed on the angle gauge slide block 68, angle gauge slide block 68 can be in the simple guide rail frame of model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail 12 1 sides the optional position, by holding out against screw 69 positioning and lockings, 320 ° of angle gauges 67 of two Shanghai workers are used for respectively measuring the anglec of rotation of two model bone clamping cylinders 13 that knee joint model bone 11 is housed, and then calculate the flexion angle of knee joint model bone 11, the measurement range of 320 ° of angle gauges 67 of Shanghai worker is 0 ° ~ 320 °, require arbitrarily angled in 0 ° ~ 120 ° scopes of simulation knee joint model bone 11 flexings in the test, can satisfy the test demand.
Claims (1)
1. knee patellofemoral joint mechanical test testing machine is characterized in that: it is by bracing frame, charger, and guide rail and knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device form; Bracing frame directly is positioned on the ground, and guide rail all is fixedly connected on the bracing frame, and charger and knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device all move in guide rail;
Support frame as described above is a tower structure, and whole device is played the support and connection effect, by guide rail and knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device, the knee joint model bone is fixed in predetermined angular; During loading, by control system drive load device along the guide rail movement imposed load; And can by the gauge head wheelwork in the charger, regulate the size and Orientation of the power that applies; When not loading, charger provides tension balanced self gravitation upwards, makes whole system keep balance; This bracing frame comprises base, the thin aluminum sheet shell, and support bar supports upper plate, support bar upper padding plate, support bar lower bolster and tripod; Base is placed on the ground, support bar is fixed by support bar lower bolster and base, support upper plate and be connected with support bar by the support bar upper padding plate, the thin aluminum sheet shell is fixed in support bar upper padding plate and support bar lower bolster, and tripod is installed in support bar upper padding plate side and supports the upper plate bottom surface; This base is the rectangular parallelepiped steel-casting with four legs, and four leg places are processed with manhole, location when being convenient to base and placing on the ground, and the steel-casting both sides process respectively three through holes, position fixing to four support bars and two cylindrical guides respectively; This thin aluminum sheet shell is to be bent into concave shape with the rectangle plate, and it is fixed on the support bar periphery, plays the dust-break backplate; This support bar is the slender axles parts, and the support bar two ends are designed to shaft shoulder location, at the end threading, by nut base and support upper plate is linked together, and its quantity is 4, and symmetry is installed in submarginal four through holes in the base both sides; This support upper plate is the rectangle plate, is provided with 6 manholes on it for being fixedly connected with; This support bar upper padding plate is the rectangle plate, is provided with manhole on it and cooperates the location with the shaft shoulder of the end of support bar; This support bar lower bolster also is the rectangle plate, is provided with manhole on it and cooperates the location with the end shaft shoulder of support bar; This tripod is that the two-end part at angle steel connects a steel plate and consists of triangular shape, increases load-bearing capacity, and the angle steel both ends respectively are processed with two through holes, and reinforcement effect is erected in support; Pneumatic cylinder guide rail in the testing machine, the gauge head guide rail, cylindrical guide and model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail all are fixed on this bracing frame;
Described charger comprises pneumatic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder slide block, pneumatic cylinder slide block backing plate, pneumatic cylinder piston rod, piston rod web joint, piston rod connecting lateral plate, gauge head slide block, gauge head and gauge head wheelwork; Pneumatic cylinder slide block, pneumatic cylinder slide block backing plate and pneumatic cylinder upper end are fixed by bolt and nut, pneumatic cylinder and pneumatic cylinder piston rod support the use, moved in the pneumatic cylinder guide rail of bracing frame by the drive of pneumatic cylinder slide block, the piston rod web joint is fixed on shaft shoulder place, pneumatic cylinder piston rod lower end by nut, piston rod web joint side is fixed in piston rod connecting lateral plate upper end, piston rod connecting lateral plate middle part fixes with the gauge head slide block, the gauge head wheelwork is installed in piston rod connecting lateral plate lower end by bolt and nut, and gauge head is installed on the multidiameter of gauge head wheelwork; The model of this pneumatic cylinder is the cylindric pneumatic cylinder of CG1, for testing machine provides power; This pneumatic cylinder upper end of slide block cross section is trapezoidal, is the part of sliding in the pneumatic cylinder guide rail, and lower end section is rectangle, is the part that is connected with pneumatic cylinder, and the lower end rectangular parallelepiped partly is processed with two counter sinks; This pneumatic cylinder slide block backing plate is a rectangular parallelepiped piece, is processed with two manholes, works the pneumatic cylinder effect that holds out against; This pneumatic cylinder piston rod is the cylindrical shaft part, and the end is designed to shaft shoulder location, and the end is processed with external thread; This piston rod web joint is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, and top and bottom are processed with through hole, and two relative side respectively is processed with two threaded holes; This piston rod connecting lateral plate is a rectangle sheet material, and the upper, middle and lower is processed with respectively two manholes; This gauge head upper end of slide block cross section is trapezoidal, is the part of sliding in the gauge head guide rail, and lower end section is rectangle, is the part that is connected with the piston rod connecting lateral plate, and its rectangular parallelepiped bottom surface, lower end is processed with two threaded holes; This gauge head is a cylindrical bar, one end is provided with shaft shoulder location, shaft shoulder top is processed with external thread, be fixed on the gauge head wheelwork by external thread and gauge head abutment ring, the other end is equipped with a steel ball, steel ball and cylindrical bar are threaded connection, and this gauge head transmits power and is applied on the knee joint according to predetermined angle of inclination; This gauge head wheelwork comprises gauge head wheelwork front side board, gauge head wheelwork back side panel, gear shaft, multidiameter, bearing, cylindrical gear, handwheel, scrambler, scrambler pad, abutment ring, spring coupling, coupling shaft, locating ring, hold out against circular cone, end cap, gear sleeve, the set collar sleeve, key, gauge head set collar and gauge head abutment ring; Gear shaft and multidiameter are installed between gauge head wheelwork front side board and the back side panel by four bearings, cylindrical gear and gauge head set collar pass through gear sleeve, set collar sleeve and key are fixed on the multidiameter, the gauge head abutment ring is installed in gauge head set collar lower end, hold out against circular cone and be contained in the end that multidiameter stretches out gauge head wheelwork back side panel one end, fixed by key, two end caps are contained in respectively the outside of mounting teeth wheel shaft shoulder hole on gauge head wheelwork front side board and the back side panel, handwheel sleeve stretches out the end of gauge head wheelwork front side board one end at gear shaft, fixed by key, scrambler is by the scrambler pad, abutment ring, locating ring is fixed on the gauge head wheelwork front side board outside, and the axle of scrambler passes through spring coupling, coupling shaft is connected with the threaded hole that multidiameter stretches out gauge head wheelwork front side board one end; This gauge head wheelwork front side board, back side panel are the rectangle plate, are processed with the through hole of bearings mounted shoulder hole and erection bolt; This gear shaft and multidiameter material are steel No. 45, modifier treatment, and bottom surface, multidiameter one end end is processed with threaded hole; This bearing is that code name is respectively 16001 and 16005 deep groove ball bearing; This cylindrical gear is involute gear, and material is No. 45 steel, modulation treatment; The similar vehicle steering of this hand wheel structure, middle part have a hollow cylinder to be connected with gear shaft; This scrambler is that model is the incremental encoder of E6B2-C; This scrambler pad is circular stalloy, is processed with three tapped through holes along even circumferential; This abutment ring is formed by thin aluminum strip bending; This spring coupling is that model is the spring coupling of G2-40T; This coupling shaft is a little multidiameter, and an end is processed a plane and is connected with spring coupling, and other end threading is connected with multidiameter; This locating ring is the annulus with a flange, evenly is processed with three counter sinks and three through holes on the annulus circumference; This holds out against circular cone is a hollow round table, is processed with keyway; This end cap is the thin rounded flakes that there is cylindrical projection at a center, four counter sinks that the thin slice even circumferential is processed with; This gear sleeve and set collar sleeve are the open circles column piece; This gauge head set collar is to connect a multidiameter on the face of cylinder of a hollow cylinder, and bottom surface, multidiameter end even circumferential is processed with four through holes, and hollow cylinder is processed with keyway; This gauge head abutment ring is that a cylindrical seat center has a cylindrical projection, and cylindrical seat and cylindrical projection center are processed with tapped through hole, and the cylindrical seat even circumferential is processed with four manholes; This key is A type flat key; Pneumatic cylinder is driven by control system and inputs as power, pneumatic cylinder connects gauge head wheelwork and gauge head by pneumatic cylinder piston rod, the gear shaft of manual rotation hand wheel rotating gauge head wheelwork, the drive cylindrical gear rotates, and then the direction that applies of regulating pressure, the rotational angle of gauge head wheelwork obtains by the scrambler that links to each other with multidiameter;
Described rail sections comprises cylindrical guide, pneumatic cylinder guide rail, gauge head guide rail and model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail; Cylindrical guide is parallel to support bar and vertically places, the pneumatic cylinder guide rail, gauge head guide rail and model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail be successively level installation from top to bottom, the pneumatic cylinder guide rail is fixed in the support upper plate of bracing frame upper end, model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail is fixed in the base of bracing frame lower end, the gauge head guide rail is in the bracing frame middle part, moves along cylindrical guide; This cylindrical guide equally is the slender axles part with support bar, the cylindrical guide two ends are designed to shaft shoulder location, at the end threading, be fixed in base and support upper plate by nut, its quantity is 2, and symmetry is installed in two inboard in support frame base both sides through holes, it and the parallel placement of the support bar of bracing frame, polishing is adopted on the cylindrical guide surface, reduces friction; The planform of this pneumatic cylinder guide rail is the rigid section guide rail of oat tail groove structure, it will bear the gravity of pneumatic cylinder and gauge head guide rail and gauge head, be the two guide rails of the stable employing that guarantees structure, two guide rails are fixing side by side, pneumatic cylinder guide rail and bracing frame support upper plate and are connected by screw, and pneumatic cylinder links to each other by bolt and nut with the pneumatic cylinder slide block; This gauge head guide rail is to adopt the X-shaped section material guide rail, for guaranteeing integrally-built balance, and two guide rails before and after this X-shaped section material guide rail will use, identical gauge head slide block and fixing mechanism are used in front and back, and the gauge head slide block is fixedly connected with the piston rod connecting lateral plate by screw; This model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail, adopt the horizontal guide rail of a dovetail groove, knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device moves horizontally and can fix at an arbitrary position at this guide rail, this guide rail is positioned on the base by screw, normally mobile for not affecting positioning sliding block, the guide rail bottom is opened a groove and is used for fixing screw; Testing machine is after the knee joint model bone is fixed in experiment, pneumatic cylinder will be by its shaft shoulder going down to the pressure of pneumatic cylinder piston rod, before placing the knee joint model bone, the gauge head guide rail will provide pulling force and himself gravity upwards to balance each other by pneumatic cylinder, namely realize by the nut that is threaded with pneumatic cylinder piston rod; The gauge head guide rail slides at cylindrical guide by the cylindrical guide slide block, and during loading, under the control system effect, pneumatic cylinder moves along the pneumatic cylinder guide rail, drives the gauge head wheelwork that is connected with pneumatic cylinder and is synchronized with the movement along the gauge head guide rail; The gauge head guide rail is connected with cylindrical guide and partly comprises cylindrical guide slide block side plate, cylindrical guide slide block web joint, register pin, cylindrical guide slide block and copper sheathing; Two cylindrical guide slide block side plates and a cylindrical guide slide block web joint are combined by screw and are fixed on the gauge head guide rail, register pin is installed on the cylindrical guide slide block web joint, the cylindrical guide slide block is fixed in cylindrical guide slide block web joint, copper sheathing is installed in the circular hole of cylindrical guide slide block, directly contacts with cylindrical guide; This cylindrical guide slide block side plate is bent into " recessed " shape by thin aluminum sheet, and its upper and lower surface respectively is processed with two threaded holes; This cylindrical guide slide block web joint is that thin aluminum sheet is bent into " recessed " shape, and it respectively is processed with two countersunk head threaded holes, four threaded holes in two surfaces up and down, and upper surface also is processed with a location pin-and-hole, and the side is processed with four threaded holes; This register pin adopts the GB119 straight pin; This cylindrical guide slide block is that an outstanding auricle is arranged on the rectangular parallelepiped pedestal, and four angles of rectangular parallelepiped pedestal are processed with respectively a through hole, and there is a manhole at outstanding auricle center; This copper sheathing adopts the tin bronze material, and wearing quality is good, and edge is embedded in the through hole of cylindrical guide slide block;
Described knee joint model bone clamping and fixing device comprises the smaller part cylinder, and more than half cylinder connects base, auricle, positioning sliding block, clamping screw, angle gauge and angle gauge slide block; The smaller part cylinder is combined clamping knee joint model bone with more than half cylinder, four auricles are connected by screw smaller part cylinder and more than half cylinder fixing, fix by bolt and nut between every adjacent two auricles, more than half cylinder by screw with to be connected base continuous, connecting base is connected with positioning sliding block by bolt and nut, this bolt also is the turning axle that connects base, and clamping screw is installed on the positioning sliding block; Angle gauge is fixed by screws on the angle gauge slide block, and the angle gauge slide block is installed in the simple guide rail frame of model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail one side; This smaller part cylinder is the hollow semicolumn of a rule, and both sides respectively are processed with a plane, is processed with four threaded holes on each plane; This more than half cylinder and smaller part cylinder are similar, and both sides respectively are processed with a plane, are processed with four threaded holes on each plane, and its end is one section complete hollow cylinder, four threaded holes of complete hollow cylinder bottom surface circumference uniform distribution; This connection base is a circular plate, and along four through holes of even circumferential processing, the bottom surface connects an abutment ring; It is rectangular-shaped that this auricle is that a rectangle sheet material is bent into, and per two auricles are combined the side of smaller part cylinder with more than half cylinder is fixed; The side of this positioning sliding block lower end is trapezoidal, and its upper surface is processed with tapped through hole, slides in model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail, and the positioning sliding block upper end is the auricle of two projections, is processed with manhole on the auricle; This clamping screw material is plastics, to the positioning sliding block positioning and locking; The model of this angle gauge is 320 ° angle gauge; There is a groove at this angle gauge slide block middle part, drives angle gauge and slides in the simple guide rail frame of model bone clamping and fixing device guide rail one side, measures two angles between the knee joint model bone.
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| CN112858046A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-28 | 大连医科大学附属第一医院 | Strength detection equipment and method for artificial bone for orthopedic surgery |
| CN112858046B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2024-01-12 | 大连医科大学附属第一医院 | Intensity detection equipment and detection method for artificial bone for orthopedic operation |
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| CN114152218B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-09-27 | 北京科技大学 | Ice and snow protective equipment home range measuring device |
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