CN102852726B - Gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on differential mechanism - Google Patents
Gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on differential mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on a differential mechanism, belonging to the field of wind power development devices of regenerated clean energy. The wind power generation system comprises a wind wheel, a fixed speed ratio gearbox, a parallel shaft gear shunt transmission box, a differential gearbox, a low-power constant rotating speed drive device and a synchronous generator. According to the invention, the time varying rotating speed of the wind wheel and the constant rotating speed provided by the low-power constant rotating speed device are coupled to form a rotating speed adjusting system by utilizing the differential, so that the output rotating speed is constant; a speed change drive device and a real-time control speed regulation strategy are unnecessary for the system, so that the time varying rotating speed of the wind wheel can be automatically adapted, the time varying rotating speed of the wind wheel is converted to the constant rotating speed and is input into the synchronous generator, so that the synchronous generator is operated at the rated rotating speed. The control difficulty and the control cost are greatly reduced, the system structure and the control strategy are simplified, and the efficiency and the operation reliability of the speed regulation transmission system are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Wind Power Generation apparatus field renewable, clean energy resource.Be particularly related to a kind of grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission.Specifically, this system can adapt to the time variable speed of wind-powered electricity generation unit wind wheel automatically, can realize the variable-speed constant-frequency wind power generation system with the synchronous generator of constant rotational speed drive train.
Background technique
Wind-powered electricity generation, as the generation mode of exploitation on the largest scale in current renewable energy sources and commercialized development prospect, obtains extensive exploitation and utilization in countries in the world.The wind-power generating system being incorporated into the power networks is the main development direction of domestic and international wind-power electricity generation.The data demonstration that China Electricity Council announces, by the end of the year 2008, installed capacity of wind-driven power only accounts for 1.13% of national total installed capacity of electricity capacity, and generated energy accounts for 0.37%, expects the year two thousand twenty, total installation of generating capacity reaches 2,000 ten thousand kilowatts, accounts for 1% of generated energy.
Generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems one of the basic demand of operation of wind-powered electricity generation unit is that electric energy frequency and the mains frequency that requirement unit produces is consistent.Generally speaking, according to the wind wheel running speed of unit, whether change, the Shunt-connected Wind Power Generation System is mainly divided into constant-speed and constant-frequency and two kinds of forms of variable speed constant frequency.
The wind energy utilization lower with respect to constant-speed and constant-frequency wind power system, variable speed constant frequency wind power system time the wind speed that becomes under, control in real time wind speed round to keep the optimum tip-speed ratio of near constant, thereby reach higher wind energy utilization.Mainly adopt double-fed fan motor unit and permanent magnetism direct drive wind group of motors, develop into gradually so far the mainstream model of wind-power generating system.
Double-fed fan motor unit adopts double-fed asynchronous generator, and rotor is connected with electrical network by the frequency variator of smaller power, and stator sends the direct feed-in electrical network of electric energy, and under supersynchronous running state, rotor sends electric energy too, by frequency variator feed-in electrical network.Permanent magnet direct-drive synchronous generator stator is connected with electrical network by full power frequency variator, and stator sends electric energy, and electric energy is feed-in electrical network after frequency variator rectification-inversion.Visible, the electric current that two class wind-powered electricity generation units send all can produce harmonic current through rectification-inversion link of frequency variator, after these harmonic current injection electric power system, can cause line voltage distortion, has reduced the quality of power supply.
Along with the sharp increase of wind-electricity integration capacity proportion in electrical network, no longer applicable with the method for unit trip reply electric network fault.Therefore, existing multinational wind-electricity integration has all proposed low voltage ride-through capability requirement to wind energy turbine set, in the fault of regulation and during line voltage falls, guarantee within the scope of certain hour wind-powered electricity generation unit to move continuously and do not depart from electrical network, and provide certain wattless power to electrical network, support power system restoration voltage.
Double-fed asynchronous generator stator and electrical network direct-coupling, so falling of line voltage is directly reflected in generator unit stator terminal voltage, cause stator magnetic linkage to occur flip-flop, also there will be negative sequence component during unbalanced fault.The flip-flop of stator magnetic linkage and negative sequence component generate larger rotor electromotive force and produce larger rotor current in rotor circuit, cause voltage and current in rotor circuit significantly to increase the overvoltage with current transformer DC side bus, frequency variator will be automatically out of service because of excess current, thereby the uncontrollable field current of generator and lose the control to electromagnetic torque, now generator absorbs a large amount of wattless powers from electrical network, hinders the reply of line voltage.Existing solution generally adopts to be increased crowbar circuit and energy-storage system and adopts new control strategy, but has increased like this manufacture cost and controlled difficulty, and the switching time of crowbar circuit is set the further research of still needing; For the research of control strategy, mostly under electrical network symmetric fault, carry out at present, the control strategy research under the unbalanced fault in practical application also needs to continue research.
Magneto alternator stator joins through frequency variator and electrical network, and generator and electrical network be direct-coupling not.Falling of line voltage can cause reducing of grid nodes power, and the output power of generator is instantaneous constant, and obviously power does not mate and will cause the rising of frequency changer direct current bus voltage, threatens power electronic devices safety.General employing set up energy-storage system and improves power electronic devices rating value, and the raising that will certainly increase like this manufacture cost and device rating value is limited.Because generator power major part is absorbed by energy storage protection equipment, so can only controlling unit, frequency variator exports a small amount of wattless current, line voltage is recovered to play limited effect.
In sum, when electrical network breaks down, above-mentioned unit passively additional energy storage device prevents that frequency variator from being damaged by overvoltage, excess current, increased cost and controlled difficulty, and the ability that above-mentioned unit supports line voltage to recover needs to continue to improve.For fundamentally improving the wind-powered electricity generation quality of power supply, strengthening low voltage ride-through capability of wind turbine generator system, the friendly type synchro wind generator of a kind of electrical network without frequency variator group both at home and abroad begins one's study.This class unit arranges speed variator system between the wind wheel of variable-speed operation and synchronous generator, makes to input the invariablenes turning speed of synchronous generator, without frequency variator, can realize constant frequency generation.When electric network fault, voltage fall, can make synchronous generator support that to electrical network output reactive power line voltage recovers by encouraging by force, greatly improve the low voltage ride-through capability of unit.
The patent No. is the wind power system that the patent document of 200710105286.X proposes a kind of machine liquid mixing speed governing transmission, at generator front end, torque-splitting transmission (differential gear train) and hydraulic transformer (fluid torque converter) are superposeed, wind wheel drives differential gear train planet carrier by speeder, sun gear drives the pump impeller of fluid torque converter, turbine drives gear ring to rotate by gear transmission, by real-time control torque-converters guide vane opening to regulate turbine output speed, make gear ring rotating speed by the variation of a certain rule response wind speed round, it is constant that differential gear train sun gear meets output speed, thereby make generator input speed constant.
The patent document of the patent No. 201110039734.7 proposes a kind of variable-speed ratio wind power speed increasing, the output shaft of fixed speed ratio wind power speed-increasing gearbox connects one-level planetary differential speed regulating mechanism through parallel-axes gears driving mechanism, planetary differential speed regulating mechanism comprises differential gear train and speed-adjustable driving device, and differential gear train is by speed governing rotating speed and the synthetic rear output constant rotational speed input synchronous generator of speedup box output speed.Its speed-adjustable driving device adopts can export variable displacement pump or the speed-adjustable motor that continuous variable speed drives power.
In sum, comprise the patent No. 200510022771.1, the variable speed constant frequency transmission scheme that a series of patents such as the patent No. 201010602586.0 propose, all need to gather tach signal, and by control system, change in real time the speed governing rotating speed of stepless speed regulation drive unit, make transmission system output speed constant.If adopt speed-adjustable motor as speed-adjustable driving device, even also need adapter converter.
The enforcement of above-mentioned patent scheme, all needs complicated stepless speed changing driver and the support of control speed adjustment strategy in real time, and its reliability and cost are still needed and further studied.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission; It is characterized in that, the constant rotational speed coupling that the permanent rotational speed drives of modify tone while utilizing differential mechanism by wind wheel fast rotating speed and small-power provides forms speed adjustment system makes output speed constant;
The described grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission, comprises wind wheel 1, fixed speed ratio speedup box 3, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30, differential mechanism gearbox 21 and permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power and synchronous generator 17;
The rotatingshaft 16 of primary input axle 9, differential mechanism gearbox 21, differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box 14, the 3rd coupling 15 and the synchronous generator 17 of the main output shaft 7 of the input shaft 31 of the low speed input shaft 2 of wind wheel 1 and fixed speed ratio speedup box, fixed speed ratio speedup box 3, high speed output shaft 4, the first coupling 5, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case, the second coupling 8, differential mechanism gearbox is connected in series.
On differential mechanism gearbox 21 tops, the primary input axle 9 of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with differential gear train planet carrier 10; Differential gear train planet carrier 10 is connected with the second differential gear train sun gear 13 with the first differential gear train sun gear 12 respectively; The first differential gear train sun gear 12 differential gear train gear rings 11 connect; Differential gear train sun gear 13 is fixedly connected with differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box 14; In differential mechanism gearbox 21 bottoms, differential gear train planet carrier 10 is connected with differential casing 23, is arranged symmetrically with the first bevel gear 22 and the second bevel gear 25 in differential casing 23, between each bevel gear, by bevel gear shaft 24, connects.
The auxiliary output shaft 28 of described parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30 is by tetrad axial organ 27 connected with differential gearbox input shafts 26, differential mechanism gearbox input shaft 26 is connected with the bevel gear shaft 24 on the differential casing 23 interior left sides, and in differential casing (23), the bevel gear shaft 24 on the right is connected with the permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power by the auxiliary input shaft 20 of differential mechanism gearbox, 5-linked axial organ 19;
The external tooth engagement of the external tooth of differential casing 23 and differential gear train gear ring 11.
In described parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30, centered by middle gear 32, by shunting transmission shaft 33 is symmetrical, fixedly cog 6 and lower gear 29.
The power line of described synchronous generator 17 is connected on power transmission line.
Described differential mechanism by parallel-axes gears shunt the auxiliary output shaft 28 of transmission case time variable speed and small-power permanent rotational speed drives 18 default constant input speed synthesize the time fast rotating speed that modifies tone of automatic adaptation wind speed round variation; This time the modify tone output speed of fast rotational speed regulation differential gear train sun gear 13 reach constant; Thereby drive synchronous generator 17 with constant rotational speed work.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: time variable speed, the output constant rotational speed that the present invention is based on box of tricks, adopt the stepless speed regulation of dual free dimension Composite Transmission, can automatically adapt to wind wheel drives the transmission system of the grid type wind-powered electricity generation unit of synchronous generator.Do not need stepless speed changing driver, such as speed-adjustable motor, hydraulic couplers etc.; Do not need tach signal collection, processing system, do not need the output speed of real-time regulating and controlling stepless speed changing driver yet.Greatly reduce and control difficulty and cost, simplified system architecture and control strategy, improved efficiency and the operational reliability of timing gearing system.
Described system is not used frequency variator, there is no rectification-inversion link, thereby has substantially eliminated harmonic source, has improved the quality of power supply; Owing to there is no frequency variator, so when line voltage falls, also do not need supplementary protection circuit or energy storage device to protect frequency variator, reduced cost and controlled difficulty; Comprise that the power electronic equipment rate of fault of frequency variator is higher and price is high, do not adopt frequency variator can greatly improve the reliability of system, reduced unit cost.
The synchronous generator function continuous service that the present invention adopts is in rated speed, and synchronous generator engine efficiency is high, frequency stabilization, power factor is adjustable, has independently excitation system, in aspect technology maturations such as faut detection, operation maintenance, has good industrial foundation; Electrical network breaks down, and voltage falls, and excitation system increases rapidly field current, makes synchronous generator operate in the state of encouraging by force, and generator, to the wattless power of electrical network lag output, supports line voltage to recover.Meritorious, the wattless power regulation technology of synchronous generator maturation are incorporated into the power networks wind-powered electricity generation unit and embody excellent low voltage ride-through capability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the grid-connected wind-power generating system structural representation based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission;
Fig. 2 is the power of the described wind-power generating system schematic diagram that divides, confluxes.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
In Fig. 1, wind wheel 1 is fixedly connected with the low speed input shaft 2 of fixed speed ratio speedup box 3, and the total output of wind wheel transmission is P
1; The high speed output shaft 4 of fixed speed ratio speedup box 3 transmits total output P by the first coupling 5
1to the input shaft 31 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30, the rotating speed of input shaft 31 is n
31; Total output P
1through parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30, split into main power P
2with shunting power P
3, P
1=P
2+ P
3.(as shown in Figure 2)
The main output shaft 7 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30 transmits main power P by the second coupling 8
2to the primary input axle 9 of differential mechanism gearbox 21, the rotating speed of primary input axle 9 equates for n with main output shaft 7 rotating speeds
9, input shaft 31, cog 6, main output shaft 7 threes are fixedly connected with, so rotating speed equate, n
31=n
9.
Auxiliary output shaft 28 rotating speeds rotating speed after transmission case internal gear speed change of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30 is: n
28=i
1n
31(1)
Note: i wherein
1it is the velocity ratio between the auxiliary output shaft 28 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case and the input shaft 31 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case
The auxiliary output shaft 28 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case transmits shunting power P by tetrad axial organ 27
3to differential mechanism gearbox input shaft 26, the rotating speed of auxiliary output shaft 28 and input shaft 26 equates for n
28.
The permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power is transmitted constant speed source power P by 5-linked axial organ 19
4to the auxiliary input shaft 20 of differential mechanism gearbox, auxiliary input shaft 20 rotating speed perseverances are n
20.
The input shaft 26 of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear 25, and rotating speed is equal to n
28; The auxiliary input shaft 20 of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with the first bevel gear 22, and rotating speed is n
20.
Differential mechanism is by the shunting power P on differential mechanism gearbox input shaft 26
3with the constant speed drive unit power P on auxiliary input shaft 20
4after coupling, form speed governing power P
5be passed to differential casing 23, meet P
5=P
3+ P
4; Differential housing rotating speed meets:
2n
23=n
28+n
20 （2）
Note: n
28for the time variable speed of input shaft 26, n
20it is the constant rotational speed of auxiliary input shaft 20.
Differential casing 23 meshes speed governing power P by external tooth
5be passed to differential gear train gear ring 11, the rotation speed n of differential casing 23
23as speed governing rotating speed, drive 11 rotations of differential gear train gear ring, differential gear train gear ring 11 rotating speeds meet:
n
11=i
2·n
23 （3）
Note: i wherein
2it is the external tooth transmission engage ratio between differential casing 23 and differential gear train gear ring 11
The primary input axle 9 of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with differential gear train planet carrier 10, and rotating speed is n
9, the power transmitting on differential gear train planet carrier 10 is main power P
2.
Differential gear train is by the main power P on planet carrier 10
2with the speed governing power P on differential gear train gear ring 11
5after coupling, form output power P
6be passed to sun gear 13, meet P
6=P
2+ P
5; According to differential gear train rotation speed relation, obtaining sun gear 13 rotating speeds meets:
n
13=(1+k)·n
9-k·n
11； （4）
Note: k is the characteristic parameter of differential gear train in differential mechanism gearbox
Preset system structure parameter and meet following (5), (6) two formulas
Preset velocity ratio i
1:
Select in advance the rated speed n of synchronous generator
synchronouslyfor n
synchronously=1500r/min or n
synchronously=3000r/min, and preset the constant rotational speed of the permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power:
By relation (1), (2), (3), (5) (6) substitution relations (4), can obtain n
13=n
synchronously.
In sum, according to relation (5), set in advance the velocity ratio i between the auxiliary output shaft 28 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case and the input shaft 31 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case
1value, according to relation (6), set in advance the constant rotational speed n of the permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power
18value, can obtain differential gear train sun gear 13 rotation speed n
13=n
synchronously, n
synchronouslyfor steady state value; Differential gear train sun gear 13 is fixedly connected with differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box 14, and rotating speed equates to be n
13; Differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box 14 transmits output power P6 to synchronous generator 17 by coupling; Synchronous generator rotor rotating speed is n
13=n
synchronously;
Finally can realize the time variable speed that system adapts to wind wheel automatically, during by wind wheel, variable speed is converted into constant rotational speed output, thereby makes synchronous generator with required rated speed operation.
The various embodiments described above are only for illustrating the present invention; the structure of each parts, size, setting position and shape all can change to some extent; on the basis of technical solution of the present invention; every improvement of indivedual parts being carried out according to the principle of the invention and equivalents, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission; It is characterized in that, the constant rotational speed coupling that the permanent rotating speed transposition of modify tone while utilizing differential mechanism by wind wheel fast rotating speed and small-power provides forms speed adjustment system makes output speed constant;
The described grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission, comprises wind wheel (1), fixed speed ratio speedup box (3), parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case (30), differential mechanism gearbox (21) and small-power perseverance rotational speed drives (18) and synchronous generator (17), wherein, the low speed input shaft (2) of wind wheel (1) and fixed speed ratio speedup box, fixed speed ratio speedup box (3), high speed output shaft (4), the first coupling (5), the input shaft (31) of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case (30), main output shaft (7) second coupling (8) of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case, the primary input axle (9) of differential mechanism gearbox, differential mechanism gearbox (21), differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box (14), the rotatingshaft (16) of the 3rd coupling (15) and synchronous generator (17) is connected in series, on differential mechanism gearbox (21) top, the primary input axle (9) of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with differential gear train planet carrier (10), differential gear train planet carrier (10) is connected with the second differential gear train sun gear (13) with the first differential gear train sun gear (12) respectively, the first differential gear train sun gear (12) differential gear train gear ring (11) connects, differential gear train sun gear (13) is fixedly connected with differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box (14), in differential mechanism gearbox (21) bottom, differential gear train planet carrier (10) is connected with differential casing (23), in differential casing (23), be arranged symmetrically with the first bevel gear (22) and the second bevel gear (25), between each bevel gear, by bevel gear shaft (24), connect,
The auxiliary output shaft (28) of described parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case (30) is by tetrad axial organ (27) connected with differential gearbox input shaft (26), differential mechanism gearbox input shaft (26) is connected with the bevel gear shaft (24) on the interior left side of differential casing (23), and in differential casing (23), the bevel gear shaft (24) on the right is connected with the permanent rotational speed drives of small-power (18) by the auxiliary input shaft of differential mechanism gearbox (20), 5-linked axial organ (19).
2. the grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the external tooth engagement of the external tooth of described differential casing (23) and differential gear train gear ring (11).
3. the grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, in described parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case (30), centered by middle gear (32), by shunting transmission shaft (33) is symmetrical, fixedly cog (6) and lower gear (29).
4. the grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, the power line of described synchronous generator (17) is connected on power transmission line.
5. the grid-connected wind-power generating system based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, described differential mechanism by parallel-axes gears shunt the auxiliary output shaft of transmission case (28) time the permanent rotational speed drives of variable speed and small-power (18) default constant input speed synthesize the time fast rotating speed that modifies tone of automatic adaptation wind speed round variation; This time the modify tone output speed of fast rotational speed regulation differential gear train sun gear (13) reach constant; Thereby drive synchronous generator (17) with constant rotational speed work.
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| CN201210313409.XA CN102852726B (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on differential mechanism |
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| CN201210313409.XA CN102852726B (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on differential mechanism |
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| CN103511567B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-06-08 | 徐攀 | Dual planetary gear system formula stepless auto gear |
| CN103953688B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2016-08-03 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | A kind of small-power wind power generation speed increasing box using Dual-speed-ratio transmission and method thereof |
| CN104565267B (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2018-05-29 | 新昌县通用机械有限公司 | A kind of light weight infinitely variable transmission |
| CN107516971A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-26 | 中国联合工程公司 | Trunnion axis energy by ocean current generator and control process based on electromechanical differential system speed change |
| CN108591400B (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2021-04-06 | 高则行 | Power transmission device and wind turbine comprising same |
| US11499524B2 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-11-15 | General Electric Company | System and method for controlling low-speed operations of a wind turbine |
| CN113389859B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-04-25 | 浙江师范大学 | Wind generating set prediction type constant speed box system and constant speed control method |
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| DE10314757B3 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-11-11 | Voith Turbo Gmbh & Co. Kg | Powertrain to transmit variable power |
| CN2735031Y (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2005-10-19 | 张富昌 | Wind powered constant frequency generation and differential speed control device |
| CN201106525Y (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2008-08-27 | 上海瑞仁国际贸易有限公司 | Wind generator set with automatic control constant speed step-up gear |
| EP2107237A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-07 | AMSC Windtec GmbH | Wind energy converter comprising a superposition gear |
| CN101344073A (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2009-01-14 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Variable-speed constant-frequency apparatus of wind generator set |
| CN201541175U (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2010-08-04 | 高则行 | Natural power generating equipment and generator set |
| CN202001208U (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2011-10-05 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | Variable-speed ratio wind power speed increasing box |
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