CN102852726A - Gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on differential mechanism - Google Patents
Gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on differential mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on a differential mechanism, belonging to the field of wind power development devices of regenerated clean energy. The wind power generation system comprises a wind wheel, a fixed speed ratio gearbox, a parallel shaft gear shunt transmission box, a differential gearbox, a low-power constant rotating speed drive device and a synchronous generator. According to the invention, the time varying rotating speed of the wind wheel and the constant rotating speed provided by the low-power constant rotating speed device are coupled to form a rotating speed adjusting system by utilizing the differential, so that the output rotating speed is constant; a speed change drive device and a real-time control speed regulation strategy are unnecessary for the system, so that the time varying rotating speed of the wind wheel can be automatically adapted, the time varying rotating speed of the wind wheel is converted to the constant rotating speed and is input into the synchronous generator, so that the synchronous generator is operated at the rated rotating speed. The control difficulty and the control cost are greatly reduced, the system structure and the control strategy are simplified, and the efficiency and the operation reliability of the speed regulation transmission system are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Wind Power Generation apparatus field renewable, clean energy resource.Be particularly related to a kind of wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission.Specifically, this system can adapt to the time variable speed of wind-powered electricity generation unit wind wheel automatically, can realize the variable-speed constant-frequency wind power generation system with the synchronous generator of constant rotational speed drive train.
Background technique
Wind-powered electricity generation obtains extensive exploitation and utilization as the generation mode of exploitation on the largest scale and commercialized development prospect in the present renewable energy sources in countries in the world.The wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks is the main development direction of domestic and international wind-power electricity generation.The data that China Electricity Council announces show that by the end of the year 2008, installed capacity of wind-driven power only accounts for 1.13% of national total installed capacity of electricity capacity, and generated energy accounts for 0.37%, expects the year two thousand twenty, and total installation of generating capacity reaches 2,000 ten thousand kilowatts, accounts for 1% of generated energy.
Generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems one of the basic demand of operation of wind-powered electricity generation unit is that electric energy frequency and the mains frequency that the requirement unit produces is consistent.Generally speaking, whether change according to the wind wheel running speed of unit, the Shunt-connected Wind Power Generation System mainly is divided into constant-speed and constant-frequency and two kinds of forms of variable speed constant frequency.
With respect to the lower wind energy utilization of constant-speed and constant-frequency wind power system, the variable speed constant frequency wind power system the time wind speed that becomes under, control in real time wind speed round keeping the optimum tip-speed ratio of near constant, thereby reach higher wind energy utilization.Mainly adopt double-fed fan motor unit and permanent magnetism direct drive wind group of motors, develop into gradually so far the mainstream model of wind-power generating system.
The double-fed fan motor unit adopts double-fed asynchronous generator, and rotor is connected with electrical network by the frequency variator of smaller power, and stator sends the direct feed-in electrical network of electric energy, and under supersynchronous running state, rotor sends electric energy too, by frequency variator feed-in electrical network.The permanent magnet direct-drive synchronous generator stator is connected with electrical network by the full power frequency variator, and stator sends electric energy, feed-in electrical network after the rectification-inversion of electric energy process frequency variator.As seen, the electric current that two class wind-powered electricity generation units send all can produce harmonic current through the rectification of frequency variator-inversion link, after these harmonic current injection electric power system, can cause the line voltage distortion, has reduced the quality of power supply.
Along with the sharp increase of wind-electricity integration capacity proportion in electrical network, no longer applicable with the method for unit trip reply electric network fault.Therefore, existing multinational wind-electricity integration has all proposed the low voltage ride-through capability requirement to wind energy turbine set, namely in the fault of regulation and during line voltage falls, guarantee in the certain hour scope that the wind-powered electricity generation unit can move continuously and do not break away from electrical network, and provide certain wattless power to electrical network, support power system restoration voltage.
Double-fed asynchronous generator stator and electrical network direct-coupling so falling of line voltage directly is reflected on the generator unit stator terminal voltage, cause stator magnetic linkage flip-flop to occur, also negative sequence component can occur during unbalanced fault.The flip-flop of stator magnetic linkage and negative sequence component generate larger rotor electromotive force and produce larger rotor current in rotor circuit, cause voltage and current in the rotor circuit significantly to increase overvoltage with current transformer DC side bus, frequency variator will be automatically out of service because of excess current, thereby the uncontrollable field current of generator and lose control to electromagnetic torque, this moment, generator absorbed a large amount of wattless powers from electrical network, hindered the answer of line voltage.Existing solution generally adopts to be increased crowbar circuit and energy-storage system and adopts new control strategy, but has increased like this manufacture cost and control difficulty, and the switching time of crowbar circuit is set the further research of still needing; Mostly carry out under the electrical network symmetric fault for the research of control strategy at present, the control strategy research under the unbalanced fault in the practical application also need continue research.
The magneto alternator stator joins through frequency variator and electrical network, and generator and electrical network be direct-coupling not.Falling of line voltage can cause reducing of grid nodes power, and the output power of generator is instantaneous constant, and obviously power does not mate and will cause the rising of frequency changer direct current bus voltage, threatens power electronic devices safety.The general employing set up energy-storage system and improved the power electronic devices rating value, and the raising that will certainly increase like this manufacture cost and device rating value is limited.Because the generator power major part is absorbed by energy storage protection equipment, so frequency variator can only be controlled a small amount of wattless current of unit output, line voltage is recovered to play limited effect.
In sum, when electrical network broke down, above-mentioned unit passively additional energy storage device prevented that frequency variator from by overvoltage, excess current infringement, having increased cost and control difficulty, and the ability that above-mentioned unit supports line voltage to recover remains to continue to improve.For fundamentally improving the wind-powered electricity generation quality of power supply, strengthening low voltage ride-through capability of wind turbine generator system, a kind of friendly type synchro wind generator of electrical network group that need not frequency variator both at home and abroad begins one's study.This class unit arranges speed variator system between the wind wheel of variable-speed operation and synchronous generator, so that the invariablenes turning speed of input synchronous generator need not frequency variator and can realize constant frequency generation.At electric network fault, when voltage falls, can make synchronous generator support line voltage to recover to the electrical network output reactive power by encouraging by force, greatly improve the low voltage ride-through capability of unit.
The patent No. is the wind power system that the patent document of 200710105286.X proposes a kind of machine liquid mixing speed governing transmission, at the generator front end torque-splitting transmission (differential gear train) and hydraulic transformer (fluid torque converter) are superposeed, wind wheel drives the differential gear train planet carrier by speeder, sun gear drives the pump impeller of fluid torque converter, turbine drives the gear ring rotation by gear transmission, by real-time control torque-converters guide vane opening to regulate the turbine output speed, make the gear ring rotating speed by the variation of a certain rule response wind speed round, it is constant that the differential gear train sun gear satisfies output speed, thereby make the generator input speed constant.
The patent document of the patent No. 201110039734.7 proposes a kind of variable-speed ratio wind power speed increasing, the output shaft of fixed speed ratio wind power speed-increasing gearbox connects one-level planetary differential speed regulating mechanism through the parallel-axes gears driving mechanism, the planetary differential speed regulating mechanism comprises differential gear train and speed-adjustable driving device, and differential gear train is with speed governing rotating speed and the synthetic rear output constant rotational speed input synchronous generator of speedup box output speed.Its speed-adjustable driving device adopts can export variable displacement pump or the speed-adjustable motor that continuous variable speed drives power.
In sum, comprise the patent No. 200510022771.1, the variable speed constant frequency transmission scheme that a series of patents such as the patent No. 201010602586.0 propose, all need to gather tach signal, and the speed governing rotating speed by control system real time altering stepless speed regulation drive unit, make the transmission system output speed constant.If adopt speed-adjustable motor as speed-adjustable driving device, even also need adapter converter.
The enforcement of above-mentioned patent scheme all needs the stepless speed changing driver of complexity and the in real time support of control speed adjustment strategy, and its reliability and cost are still needed and further studied.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission; It is characterized in that the constant rotational speed coupling that the permanent rotational speed drives of fast rotating speed and the small-power of modifying tone when utilizing differential mechanism with wind wheel provides forms speed adjustment system makes output speed constant;
The described wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission comprises wind wheel 1, fixed speed ratio speedup box 3, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30, differential mechanism gearbox 21 and permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power and synchronous generator 17;
The rotatingshaft 16 of primary input axle 9, differential mechanism gearbox 21, differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box 14, the 3rd coupling 15 and the synchronous generator 17 of the main output shaft 7 of the input shaft 31 of the low speed input shaft 2 of wind wheel 1 and fixed speed ratio speedup box, fixed speed ratio speedup box 3, high speed output shaft 4, the first coupling 5, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case, the second coupling 8, differential mechanism gearbox is connected in series.
On differential mechanism gearbox 21 tops, the primary input axle 9 of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with differential gear train planet carrier 10; Differential gear train planet carrier 10 respectively with the first differential gear train sun gear 12 be connected differential gear train sun gear 13 and be connected; The first differential gear train sun gear 12 differential gear train gear rings 11 connect; Differential gear train sun gear 13 is fixedly connected with differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box 14; In differential mechanism gearbox 21 bottoms, differential gear train planet carrier 10 is connected with differential casing 23, is arranged symmetrically with the first bevel gear 22 and the second bevel gear 25 in the differential casing 23, connects by bevel gear shaft 24 between each bevel gear.
The auxiliary output shaft 28 of described parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30 is by tetrad axial organ 27 connected with differential gearbox input shafts 26, differential mechanism gearbox input shaft 26 is connected with the bevel gear shaft 24 on the differential casing 23 interior left sides, and the bevel gear shaft 24 on the right is connected with the permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power by the auxiliary input shaft 20 of differential mechanism gearbox, 5-linked axial organ 19 in the differential casing (23);
The external tooth engagement of the external tooth of differential casing 23 and differential gear train gear ring 11.
Centered by middle gear 32, fixedly cog 6 and lower gear 29 by shunting transmission shaft 33 is symmetrical in the described parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30.
The power line of described synchronous generator 17 is connected on the power transmission line.
Described differential mechanism with parallel-axes gears shunt the auxiliary output shaft 28 of transmission case the time variable speed and small-power permanent rotational speed drives 18 default constant input speed synthesize the time fast rotating speed that modifies tone of automatic adaptation wind speed round variation; This time the modify tone output speed of fast rotational speed regulation differential gear train sun gear 13 reach constant; Thereby drive synchronous generator 17 with constant rotational speed work.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: time variable speed, the output constant rotational speed that the present invention is based on box of tricks, adopt the stepless speed regulation of dual free dimension Composite Transmission, can automatically adapt to wind wheel drives the transmission system of the grid type wind-powered electricity generation unit of synchronous generator.Do not need stepless speed changing driver, such as speed-adjustable motor, hydraulic couplers etc.; Do not need tach signal collection, processing system, do not need the output speed of real-time regulating and controlling stepless speed changing driver yet.Greatly reduce control difficulty and cost, simplified system architecture and control strategy, improved efficient and the operational reliability of timing gearing system.
Described system does not use frequency variator, does not namely have rectification-inversion link, thus elimination harmonic source, improved the quality of power supply; Owing to do not have frequency variator, so when line voltage falls, do not need supplementary protection circuit or energy storage device to protect frequency variator, reduced cost and control difficulty yet; Comprise that the power electronic equipment rate of fault of frequency variator is higher and price is high, do not adopt frequency variator can greatly improve the reliability of system, reduced the unit cost.
The synchronous generator function continuous service that the present invention adopts is in rated speed, and synchronous generator engine efficiency height, frequency stabilization, power factor is adjustable, has independently excitation system, in aspect technology maturations such as faut detection, operation maintenance, has good industrial foundation; Electrical network breaks down, and voltage falls, and excitation system increases rapidly field current, makes synchronous generator operate in the state of encouraging by force, and generator supports line voltage to recover to the wattless power of electrical network lag output.Meritorious, the wattless power regulation technology of synchronous generator maturation embody excellent low voltage ride-through capability so that the wind-powered electricity generation unit is incorporated into the power networks.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the wind-power generating system structural representation that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission;
Fig. 2 is the power of the described wind-power generating system schematic representation that divides, confluxes.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Wind wheel 1 is fixedly connected with the low speed input shaft 2 of fixed speed ratio speedup box 3 in Fig. 1, and the total output of wind wheel transmission is P
1; The high speed output shaft 4 of fixed speed ratio speedup box 3 transmits total output P by the first coupling 5
1To the input shaft 31 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30, the rotating speed of input shaft 31 is n
31Total output P
1Split into main power P through parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30
2With shunting power P
3, P
1=P
2+ P
3(as shown in Figure 2)
The main output shaft 7 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30 transmits main power P by the second coupling 8
2To the primary input axle 9 of differential mechanism gearbox 21, the rotating speed of primary input axle 9 equates to be n with main output shaft 7 rotating speeds
9, input shaft 31, cog 6, main output shaft 7 threes are fixedly connected with, so rotating speed equates n
31=n
9
Rotating speed is after the auxiliary output shaft 28 rotating speeds process transmission case internal gear speed change of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case 30: n
28=i
1N
31(1)
Annotate: i wherein
1It is the velocity ratio between the input shaft 31 of the auxiliary output shaft 28 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case and parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case
The auxiliary output shaft 28 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case transmits shunting power P by tetrad axial organ 27
3To differential mechanism gearbox input shaft 26, the rotating speed of auxiliary output shaft 28 and input shaft 26 equates to be n
28
The permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power is transmitted constant speed source power P by 5-linked axial organ 19
4To the auxiliary input shaft 20 of differential mechanism gearbox, auxiliary input shaft 20 rotating speeds perseverance is n
20
The input shaft 26 of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with the second bevel gear 25, and rotating speed is equal to n
28The auxiliary input shaft 20 of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with the first bevel gear 22, and rotating speed is n
20
Differential mechanism is with the shunting power P on the differential mechanism gearbox input shaft 26
3With the constant speed drive unit power P on the auxiliary input shaft 20
4Form the speed governing power P after the coupling
5Be passed to differential casing 23, satisfy P
5=P
3+ P
4Differential housing rotating speed satisfies:
2n
23=n
28+n
20 （2）
Annotate: n
28Be the time variable speed of input shaft 26, n
20It is the constant rotational speed of auxiliary input shaft 20.
Differential casing 23 meshes the speed governing power P by external tooth
5Be passed to differential gear train gear ring 11, the rotation speed n of differential casing 23
23Drive 11 rotations of differential gear train gear ring as the speed governing rotating speed, differential gear train gear ring 11 rotating speeds satisfy:
n
11=i
2·n
23 （3）
Annotate: i wherein
2It is the external tooth transmission engage ratio between differential casing 23 and the differential gear train gear ring 11
The primary input axle 9 of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with differential gear train planet carrier 10, and rotating speed is n
9, the power that transmits on the differential gear train planet carrier 10 is main power P
2
Differential gear train is with the main power P on the planet carrier 10
2With the speed governing power P on the differential gear train gear ring 11
5Form output power P after the coupling
6Be passed to sun gear 13, satisfy P
6=P
2+ P
5Getting sun gear 13 rotating speeds according to the differential gear train rotation speed relation satisfies:
n
13=(1+k)·n
9-k·n
11； （4）
Annotate: k is the characteristic parameter of differential gear train in the differential mechanism gearbox
Preset system structure parameter and satisfy following (5), (6) two formulas
Preset velocity ratio i
1:
Select in advance the rated speed n of synchronous generator
SynchronouslyBe n
Synchronously=1500r/min or n
Synchronously=3000r/min, and preset the constant rotational speed of the permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power:
With relation (1), (2), (3), (5) (6) substitution relations (4), can obtain n
13=n
Synchronously
In sum, set in advance velocity ratio i between the input shaft 31 of the auxiliary output shaft 28 of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case and parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case according to relation (5)
1Value, set in advance the constant rotational speed n of the permanent rotational speed drives 18 of small-power according to relation (6)
18Value, can obtain differential gear train sun gear 13 rotation speed n
13=n
Synchronously, n
SynchronouslyBe steady state value; Differential gear train sun gear 13 is fixedly connected with differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box 14, and rotating speed equates to be n
13Differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box 14 transmits output power P6 to synchronous generator 17 by coupling; The synchronous generator rotor rotating speed is n
13=n
Synchronously
The system that finally can realize adapts to the time variable speed of wind wheel automatically, and variable speed is converted into constant rotational speed output during with wind wheel, thereby makes synchronous generator with required rated speed operation.
The various embodiments described above only are used for explanation the present invention; the structure of each parts, size, setting position and shape all can change to some extent; on the basis of technical solution of the present invention; every improvement and equivalents of individual component being carried out according to the principle of the invention all should do not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission; It is characterized in that the constant rotational speed coupling that the permanent rotating speed transposition of fast rotating speed and the small-power of modifying tone when utilizing differential mechanism with wind wheel provides forms speed adjustment system makes output speed constant;
The described wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission comprises wind wheel (1), fixed speed ratio speedup box (3), parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case (30), differential mechanism gearbox (21) and small-power perseverance rotational speed drives (18) and synchronous generator (17); Wherein, the low speed input shaft (2) of wind wheel (1) and fixed speed ratio speedup box, fixed speed ratio speedup box (3), high speed output shaft (4), the first coupling (5), the input shaft (31) of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case, parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case (30), main output shaft (7) second coupling (8) of parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case, the primary input axle (9) of differential mechanism gearbox, differential mechanism gearbox (21), differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box (14), the rotatingshaft (16) of the 3rd coupling (15) and synchronous generator (17) is connected in series.
On differential mechanism gearbox (21) top, the primary input axle (9) of differential mechanism gearbox is fixedly connected with differential gear train planet carrier (10); Differential gear train planet carrier (10) respectively with the first differential gear train sun gear (12) be connected differential gear train sun gear (13) and be connected; The first differential gear train sun gear (12) differential gear train gear ring (11) connects; Differential gear train sun gear (13) is fixedly connected with differential mechanism output shaft of gear-box (14); In differential mechanism gearbox (21) bottom, differential gear train planet carrier (10) is connected with differential casing (23), be arranged symmetrically with the first bevel gear (22) and the second bevel gear (25) in the differential casing (23), connect by bevel gear shaft (24) between each bevel gear.
2. the described wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, the auxiliary output shaft (28) of described parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case (30) is by tetrad axial organ (27) connected with differential gearbox input shaft (26), differential mechanism gearbox input shaft (26) is connected with the bevel gear shaft (24) on the interior left side of differential casing (23), and the bevel gear shaft (24) on the right is connected with the permanent rotational speed drives of small-power (18) by the auxiliary input shaft of differential mechanism gearbox (20), 5-linked axial organ (19) in the differential casing (23);
3. the described wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the external tooth engagement of the external tooth of described differential casing (23) and differential gear train gear ring (11).
4. the described wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, centered by middle gear (32), fixedly cog (6) and lower gear (29) by shunting transmission shaft (33) is symmetrical in the described parallel-axes gears shunting transmission case (30).
5. the described wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the power line of described synchronous generator (17) is connected on the power transmission line.
6. the described wind-power generating system that is incorporated into the power networks based on box of tricks adaptive speed regulation Composite Transmission according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, described differential mechanism with parallel-axes gears shunt the auxiliary output shaft of transmission case (28) the time the permanent rotational speed drives of variable speed and small-power (18) default constant input speed synthesize the time fast rotating speed that modifies tone of automatic adaptation wind speed round variation; This time the modify tone output speed of fast rotational speed regulation differential gear train sun gear (13) reach constant; Thereby drive synchronous generator (17) with constant rotational speed work.
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| CN201210313409.XA CN102852726B (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on differential mechanism |
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| CN201210313409.XA CN102852726B (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Gird-connected wind power generation system with self-adaptive speed regulation composite transmission based on differential mechanism |
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| CN103953688A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-30 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Double-speed-ratio transmission type low-power wind power generation speed-increasing box and implementation method thereof |
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| US11499524B2 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-11-15 | General Electric Company | System and method for controlling low-speed operations of a wind turbine |
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| CN108591400A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-09-28 | 高则行 | Power transmission device and the wind energy conversion system for including this power transmission device |
| CN108591400B (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2021-04-06 | 高则行 | Power transmission device and wind turbine comprising same |
| US11499524B2 (en) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-11-15 | General Electric Company | System and method for controlling low-speed operations of a wind turbine |
| CN113389859A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-14 | 浙江师范大学 | Wind generating set prediction type constant speed box system and constant speed control method |
| CN113389859B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-04-25 | 浙江师范大学 | Wind generating set prediction type constant speed box system and constant speed control method |
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| CN102852726B (en) | 2014-05-07 |
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