CN102848931A - Energy source system structure of electric automobile - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电动汽车能量源系统结构，涉及电力电子功率变换技术领域，包括：电机控制器，电机控制器控制三相逆变器的输出电压、频率和幅值，三相逆变器控制三相交流电动机，三相交流电动机驱动电动汽车车轮；电机控制器控制电动汽车控制单元，电动汽车控制单元通过蓄电池管理单元和能量双向流动控制器控制n个36伏蓄电池的能量流动，每个所述36伏蓄电池连接复合双向三电平直流变换器的低压直流侧；所述复合双向三电平直流变换器的高压侧输出425伏高压直流母线电压至所述三相逆变器。本发明避免了配备复杂的充放电均衡设备、系统异常和瘫痪，提高了安全性。
The invention discloses an electric vehicle energy source system structure, relates to the technical field of power electronic power conversion, including: a motor controller, the motor controller controls the output voltage, frequency and amplitude of a three-phase inverter, and the three-phase inverter Control the three-phase AC motor, and the three-phase AC motor drives the wheels of the electric vehicle; the motor controller controls the electric vehicle control unit, and the electric vehicle control unit controls the energy flow of n 36-volt batteries through the battery management unit and the energy bidirectional flow controller, each The 36-volt battery is connected to the low-voltage DC side of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter; the high-voltage side of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter outputs a 425-volt high-voltage DC bus voltage to the three-phase inverter. The invention avoids complex charge and discharge equalization equipment, system abnormality and paralysis, and improves safety.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及电力电子功率变换技术领域，特别涉及一种电动汽车能量源系统结构。The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic power conversion, in particular to an electric vehicle energy source system structure.
背景技术 Background technique
在石油资源日益紧张和绿色环保不断重视的双重约束下，电动汽车取代传统的燃油汽车已经是一个不可阻挡的趋势。以蓄电池、燃料电池和超级电容作为电动汽车能量源，以交流电动机作为驱动部件的基本架构业已成熟。而能量源的有限直流电能如何安全、高效地转换成电动汽车的驱动力，是电动汽车领域的研究热点和难点。Under the dual constraints of increasingly tight oil resources and increasing emphasis on green environmental protection, it is an unstoppable trend for electric vehicles to replace traditional fuel vehicles. The basic architecture of using batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors as energy sources for electric vehicles and using AC motors as driving components has already matured. How to safely and efficiently convert the limited DC energy of the energy source into the driving force of electric vehicles is a research hotspot and difficulty in the field of electric vehicles.
驱动电动汽车的电动机额定电压为几百伏，将低压蓄电池串联可以获得较高的直流母线电压，但同时客观地存在以下几个问题：（1）蓄电池的串联，容易引起某些串联单元的过充和过放问题，需要额外配备复杂的充放电均衡设备；（2）任何一个串联单元的异常，将导致整个能量源系统异常甚至瘫痪；（3）串联蓄电池组相当于一个高压直流电源，即使在电动汽车发生交通事故情况下仍可能处于高电压状态，这极易对已发生事故的乘客造成触电的二次危害。因此，从电动汽车的经济性、可靠性和安全性问题出发，利用电力电子变换技术来改进现有的电动汽车能量源系统，具有重要的经济价值和社会价值。The rated voltage of the motor driving the electric vehicle is several hundred volts. Connecting low-voltage batteries in series can obtain a higher DC bus voltage, but at the same time there are objectively the following problems: (1) The series connection of batteries is likely to cause overshooting of some series units. Charge and over-discharge problems require additional complex charge and discharge equalization equipment; (2) Any abnormality of any series unit will lead to abnormalities or even paralysis of the entire energy source system; (3) The series battery pack is equivalent to a high-voltage DC power supply, even if In the case of a traffic accident, the electric vehicle may still be in a high voltage state, which is very likely to cause secondary hazards of electric shock to passengers who have already had an accident. Therefore, starting from the economy, reliability and safety of electric vehicles, using power electronic conversion technology to improve the existing energy source system of electric vehicles has important economic and social value.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了避免配备复杂的充放电均衡设备、系统异常和瘫痪，提高安全性，本发明提出了一种电动汽车能量源系统结构，详见下文描述：In order to avoid complex charging and discharging equalization equipment, system abnormality and paralysis, and improve safety, the present invention proposes an electric vehicle energy source system structure, which is described below for details:
一种电动汽车能量源系统结构，包括：电机控制器，所述电机控制器控制三相逆变器的输出电压、频率和幅值，所述三相逆变器控制三相交流电动机，所述三相交流电动机驱动电动汽车车轮；所述电机控制器控制电动汽车控制单元，所述电动汽车控制单元通过蓄电池管理单元和能量双向流动控制器控制n个36伏蓄电池的能量流动，每个所述36伏蓄电池连接复合双向三电平直流变换器的低压直流侧；所述复合双向三电平直流变换器的高压侧输出425伏高压直流母线电压至所述三相逆变器；其中，An electric vehicle energy source system structure, including: a motor controller, the motor controller controls the output voltage, frequency and amplitude of a three-phase inverter, the three-phase inverter controls a three-phase AC motor, the The three-phase AC motor drives the wheels of the electric vehicle; the motor controller controls the electric vehicle control unit, and the electric vehicle control unit controls the energy flow of n 36-volt storage batteries through the storage battery management unit and the energy bidirectional flow controller, each of which The 36-volt battery is connected to the low-voltage DC side of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter; the high-voltage side of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter outputs a 425-volt high-voltage DC bus voltage to the three-phase inverter; wherein,
所述复合双向三电平直流变换器包括：低压直流侧滤波电容、高压直流侧第一滤波电容、高压直流侧第二滤波电容、第一续流二极管、第二续流二极管、第三续流二极管、第四续流二极管、第五续流二极管、第六续流二极管、第七续流二极管、第八续流二极管、第一箝位二极管、第二箝位二极管、第三箝位二极管、第四箝位二极管、第一可控功率开关、第二可控功率开关、第三可控功率开关、第四可控功率开关、第五可控功率开关、第六可控功率开关、第七可控功率开关、第八可控功率开关、高压直流侧母线电压、低压直流侧母线电压和储能电感，The composite bidirectional three-level DC converter includes: a filter capacitor on the low-voltage DC side, a first filter capacitor on the high-voltage DC side, a second filter capacitor on the high-voltage DC side, a first freewheeling diode, a second freewheeling diode, and a third freewheeling diode. diode, fourth freewheeling diode, fifth freewheeling diode, sixth freewheeling diode, seventh freewheeling diode, eighth freewheeling diode, first clamping diode, second clamping diode, third clamping diode, The fourth clamping diode, the first controllable power switch, the second controllable power switch, the third controllable power switch, the fourth controllable power switch, the fifth controllable power switch, the sixth controllable power switch, the seventh The controllable power switch, the eighth controllable power switch, the high-voltage DC side bus voltage, the low-voltage DC side bus voltage and the energy storage inductance,
所述三电平双向直流变换器由2个半桥构成，所述低压直流侧母线电压的正极性端分别与所述储能电感的一端和所述低压直流侧滤波电容的一端相连，所述低压直流侧母线电压的负极性端分别与所述低压直流侧滤波电容的另一端和右半桥的中点相连；所述储能电感的另一端连接左半桥的中点，所述左半桥的中点分别与所述第二续流二极管的阳极、所述第二可控功率开关的发射极、所述第三可控功率开关的集电极和所述第三续流二极管的阴极相连；所述第二续流二极管的阴极分别与所述第二可控功率开关的集电极、所述第一可控功率开关的发射极、所述第一续流二极管的阳极和所述第一箝位二极管的阴极相连；所述第一续流二极管的阴极分别与所述第一可控功率开关的集电极、所述第五可控功率开关的集电极、所述第五续流二极管的阴极、所述高压直流侧第一滤波电容的一端和所述高压直流侧母线电压的正极性端相连；所述第三续流二极管的阳极分别与所述第三可控功率开关的发射极、所述第四可控功率开关的集电极、所述第四续流二极管的阴极和所述第二箝位二极管的阳极相连；所述第二箝位二极管的阴极分别与所述第一箝位二极管的阳极、所述第三箝位二极管的阳极、所述第四箝位二极管的阴极、所述高压直流侧第一滤波电容的另一端和所述高压直流侧第二滤波电容的一端相连；所述第四续流二极管的阳极分别与所述第四可控功率开关的发射极、所述第八可控功率开关的发射极、所述第八续流二极管的阳极、所述高压直流侧第二滤波电容的另一端和所述高压直流侧母线电压的负极性端相连；所述第五续流二极管的阳极分别与所述第五可控功率开关的发射极、所述第三箝位二极管的阴极、所述第六可控功率开关的集电极和所述第六续流二极管的阴极相连；所述第四箝位二极管的阳极分别与所述第七可控功率开关的发射极、所述第八可控功率开关的集电极、所述第七续流二极管的阳极和所述第八续流二极管的阴极相连；所述第七续流二极管的阴极、所述第七可控功率开关的集电极、所述第六可控功率开关的发射极和所述第六续流二极管的阳极同时连接所述右半桥的中点。The three-level bidirectional DC converter is composed of two half-bridges, and the positive terminals of the low-voltage DC side bus voltage are respectively connected to one end of the energy storage inductor and one end of the low-voltage DC side filter capacitor. The negative terminal of the low-voltage DC side bus voltage is respectively connected to the other end of the low-voltage DC side filter capacitor and the midpoint of the right half-bridge; the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected to the midpoint of the left half-bridge, and the left half-bridge The midpoint of the bridge is respectively connected to the anode of the second freewheeling diode, the emitter of the second controllable power switch, the collector of the third controllable power switch and the cathode of the third freewheeling diode ; The cathode of the second freewheeling diode is respectively connected to the collector of the second controllable power switch, the emitter of the first controllable power switch, the anode of the first freewheeling diode and the first The cathode of the clamping diode is connected; the cathode of the first freewheeling diode is respectively connected to the collector of the first controllable power switch, the collector of the fifth controllable power switch, and the collector of the fifth freewheeling diode. The cathode, one end of the first filter capacitor on the high-voltage DC side is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage DC side bus voltage; the anode of the third freewheeling diode is respectively connected to the emitter of the third controllable power switch, The collector of the fourth controllable power switch, the cathode of the fourth freewheeling diode are connected to the anode of the second clamping diode; the cathodes of the second clamping diode are respectively connected to the first clamping diode The anode of the diode, the anode of the third clamping diode, the cathode of the fourth clamping diode, the other end of the first filter capacitor on the high-voltage DC side, and one end of the second filter capacitor on the high-voltage DC side are connected; The anode of the fourth freewheeling diode is respectively connected to the emitter of the fourth controllable power switch, the emitter of the eighth controllable power switch, the anode of the eighth freewheeling diode, the high voltage direct current side The other end of the second filter capacitor is connected to the negative polarity end of the high-voltage DC side bus voltage; the anode of the fifth freewheeling diode is connected to the emitter of the fifth controllable power switch, the third clamp The cathode of the diode and the collector of the sixth controllable power switch are connected to the cathode of the sixth freewheeling diode; the anode of the fourth clamping diode is respectively connected to the emitter of the seventh controllable power switch, The collector of the eighth controllable power switch, the anode of the seventh freewheeling diode and the cathode of the eighth freewheeling diode are connected; the cathode of the seventh freewheeling diode, the seventh controllable power The collector of the switch, the emitter of the sixth controllable power switch and the anode of the sixth freewheeling diode are simultaneously connected to the midpoint of the right half bridge.
所述第一可控功率开关、所述第二可控功率开关、所述第三可控功率开关、所述第四可控功率开关、所述第五可控功率开关、所述第六可控功率开关、所述第七可控功率开关和所述第八可控功率开关具体为：低耐压的可控功率开关。The first controllable power switch, the second controllable power switch, the third controllable power switch, the fourth controllable power switch, the fifth controllable power switch, the sixth controllable power switch The controllable power switch, the seventh controllable power switch and the eighth controllable power switch are specifically: low withstand voltage controllable power switches.
本发明提供的技术方案的有益效果是：本发明可以在电动汽车异常状态下柔性封锁复合双向三电平直流变换器的工作，消除高压直流母线在事故状态下的危害性，而各个低压蓄电池为安全电压，“落后”电池的出力影响程度要远远小于蓄电池组串联方式；本发明通过复合双向三电平直流变换器，将蓄电池组间的电压、电流解耦，单个蓄电池的输出电压、电流完全通过复合双向三电平直流变换器的缓冲而消除相互间的制约关系，可以最大程度地利用有限的能量源；本发明避免了配备复杂的充放电均衡设备、系统异常和瘫痪，提高了安全性。The beneficial effect of the technical solution provided by the present invention is: the present invention can flexibly block the work of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter under the abnormal state of the electric vehicle, and eliminate the harmfulness of the high-voltage DC bus in the accident state, and each low-voltage storage battery is Safety voltage, the output of "backward" batteries is far less affected than the series connection of battery packs; the invention uses a composite bidirectional three-level DC converter to decouple the voltage and current between battery packs, and the output voltage and current of a single battery The mutual restriction relationship can be eliminated completely through the buffering of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter, and the limited energy source can be utilized to the greatest extent; the invention avoids the equipment of complex charge and discharge equalization, system abnormality and paralysis, and improves safety sex.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明提供的一种电动汽车能量源系统结构的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of electric vehicle energy source system structure provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的复合双向三电平直流变换器的电路示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a composite bidirectional three-level DC converter provided by the present invention.
附图中，各标号所代表的部件列表如下：In the accompanying drawings, the list of parts represented by each label is as follows:
Uhigh：高压直流侧母线电压； Ulow：低压直流侧母线电压；U high : High-voltage DC side bus voltage; U low : Low-voltage DC side bus voltage;
Cf1：低压直流侧滤波电容； Cf2：高压直流侧第一滤波电容；C f1 : filter capacitor on the low-voltage DC side; C f2 : first filter capacitor on the high-voltage DC side;
Cf3：高压直流侧第二滤波电容； S1：第一可控功率开关；C f3 : the second filter capacitor on the high-voltage DC side; S 1 : the first controllable power switch;
S2：第二可控功率开关； S3：第三可控功率开关；S 2 : the second controllable power switch; S 3 : the third controllable power switch;
S4：第四可控功率开关； S5：第五可控功率开关；S 4 : the fourth controllable power switch; S 5 : the fifth controllable power switch;
S6：第六可控功率开关； S7：第七可控功率开关；S 6 : the sixth controllable power switch; S 7 : the seventh controllable power switch;
S8：第八可控功率开关； Lf：储能电感；S 8 : the eighth controllable power switch; L f : energy storage inductance;
Dc1：第一箝位二极管； Dc2：第二箝位二极管；D c1 : the first clamping diode; D c2 : the second clamping diode;
Dc3：第三箝位二极管； Dc4：第四箝位二极管；D c3 : the third clamping diode; D c4 : the fourth clamping diode;
D1：第一续流二极管； D2：第二续流二极管；D 1 : first freewheeling diode; D 2 : second freewheeling diode;
D3：第三续流二极管； D4：第四续流二极管；D 3 : the third freewheeling diode; D 4 : the fourth freewheeling diode;
D5：第五续流二极管； D6：第六续流二极管；D 5 : fifth freewheeling diode; D 6 : sixth freewheeling diode;
D7：第七续流二极管； D8：第八续流二极管。D 7 : seventh freewheeling diode; D 8 : eighth freewheeling diode.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the implementation manner of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
为了避免配备复杂的充放电均衡设备、系统异常和瘫痪，提高安全性，本发明实施例提出了一种电动汽车能量源系统结构，参见图1和图2，详见下文描述：In order to avoid complex charging and discharging equalization equipment, system abnormalities and paralysis, and improve safety, the embodiment of the present invention proposes an electric vehicle energy source system structure, see Figure 1 and Figure 2, see the following description for details:
人体的安全电压为36V直流电压，同时为了能够获得与串联蓄电池组相同的能量源功率，需要将多个36V蓄电池“并联”。而蓄电池之间存在着差异性，蓄电池的直接并联会给蓄电池带来致命的影响；另外，低压蓄电池与所要求的高压直流母线电压间存在着电压等级匹配悬殊问题，并且电动汽车制动、下坡产生的能量需要回收。鉴于此，本发明实施例拟通过一种复合双向三电平直流变换器，将一组独立的低压蓄电池分别通过该种变换器“并联”到高压直流母线侧，进而构成电动汽车的低压电源-高压驱动的能量源系统，这对于解决当前电动汽车的经济性、可靠性和安全性问题具有重要的意义。The safe voltage of the human body is 36V DC voltage, and in order to obtain the same energy source power as the battery pack in series, multiple 36V batteries need to be "parallel connected". However, there are differences among the batteries, and the direct parallel connection of the batteries will have a fatal impact on the batteries; in addition, there is a huge disparity in voltage levels between the low-voltage batteries and the required high-voltage DC bus voltage, and the electric vehicle braking, The energy generated by the slope needs to be recovered. In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention intends to use a composite bidirectional three-level DC converter to "parallel connect" a group of independent low-voltage batteries to the side of the high-voltage DC bus through this converter, thereby forming a low-voltage power supply for electric vehicles- The energy source system driven by high voltage is of great significance to solve the economic, reliability and safety problems of current electric vehicles.
一种电动汽车能量源系统结构，包括：电机控制器，电机控制器控制三相逆变器的输出电压、频率和幅值，三相逆变器控制三相交流电动机，三相交流电动机驱动电动汽车车轮；电机控制器控制电动汽车控制单元，电动汽车控制单元通过蓄电池管理单元和能量双向流动控制器控制n个36伏蓄电池的能量流动；An electric vehicle energy source system structure, including: a motor controller, the motor controller controls the output voltage, frequency and amplitude of the three-phase inverter, the three-phase inverter controls the three-phase AC motor, and the three-phase AC motor drives the electric motor Car wheels; the motor controller controls the electric vehicle control unit, and the electric vehicle control unit controls the energy flow of n 36-volt batteries through the battery management unit and the energy bidirectional flow controller;
每个36伏蓄电池连接复合双向三电平直流变换器的低压直流侧；复合双向三电平直流变换器的高压侧输出425伏高压直流母线电压至三相逆变器。Each 36-volt battery is connected to the low-voltage DC side of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter; the high-voltage side of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter outputs a 425-volt high-voltage DC bus voltage to the three-phase inverter.
其中，复合双向三电平直流变换器，包括：低压直流侧滤波电容Cf1、高压直流侧第一滤波电容Cf2、高压直流侧第二滤波电容Cf3、第一续流二极管D1、第二续流二极管D2、第三续流二极管D3、第四续流二极管D4、第五续流二极管D5、第六续流二极管D6、第七续流二极管D7、第八续流二极管D8、第一箝位二极管Dc1、第二箝位二极管Dc2、第三箝位二极管Dc3、第四箝位二极管Dc4、第一可控功率开关S1、第二可控功率开关S2、第三可控功率开关S3、第四可控功率开关S4、第五可控功率开关S5、第六可控功率开关S6、第七可控功率开关S7、第八可控功率开关S8、高压直流侧母线电压Uhigh、低压直流侧母线电压Ulow和储能电感Lf，Among them, the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter includes: low voltage DC side filter capacitor C f1 , high voltage DC side first filter capacitor C f2 , high voltage DC side second filter capacitor C f3 , first freewheeling diode D 1 , second The second freewheeling diode D 2 , the third freewheeling diode D 3 , the fourth freewheeling diode D 4 , the fifth freewheeling diode D 5 , the sixth freewheeling diode D 6 , the seventh freewheeling diode D 7 , the eighth freewheeling diode Current diode D 8 , first clamping diode D c1 , second clamping diode D c2 , third clamping diode D c3 , fourth clamping diode D c4 , first controllable power switch S 1 , second controllable Power switch S 2 , third controllable power switch S 3 , fourth controllable power switch S 4 , fifth controllable power switch S 5 , sixth controllable power switch S 6 , seventh controllable power switch S 7 , The eighth controllable power switch S 8 , the high voltage DC side bus voltage U high , the low voltage DC side bus voltage U low and the energy storage inductance L f ,
复合双向三电平直流变换器由2个半桥构成，低压直流侧母线电压Ulow的正极性端分别与储能电感Lf的一端和低压直流侧滤波电容Cf1的一端相连，低压直流侧母线电压Ulow的负极性端分别与低压直流侧滤波电容Cf1的另一端和右半桥的中点b相连；储能电感Lf的另一端连接左半桥的中点a，左半桥的中点a分别与第二续流二极管D2的阳极、第二可控功率开关S2的发射极、第三可控功率开关S3的集电极和第三续流二极管D3的阴极相连；第二续流二极管D2的阴极分别与第二可控功率开关S2的集电极、第一可控功率开关S1的发射极、第一续流二极管D1的阳极和第一箝位二极管Dc1的阴极相连；第一续流二极管D1的阴极分别与第一可控功率开关S1的集电极、第五可控功率开关S5的集电极、第五续流二极管D5的阴极、高压直流侧第一滤波电容Cf2的一端和高压直流侧母线电压Uhigh的正极性端相连；第三续流二极管D3的阳极分别与第三可控功率开关S3的发射极、第四可控功率开关S4的集电极、第四续流二极管D4的阴极和第二箝位二极管Dc2的阳极相连；第二箝位二极管Dc2的阴极分别与第一箝位二极管Dc1的阳极、第三箝位二极管Dc3的阳极、第四箝位二极管Dc4的阴极、高压直流侧第一滤波电容Cf2的另一端和高压直流侧第二滤波电容Cf3的一端相连；第四续流二极管D4的阳极分别与第四可控功率开关S4的发射极、八可控功率开关S8的发射极、第八续流二极管D8的阳极、高压直流侧第二滤波电容Cf3的另一端和高压直流侧母线电压Uhigh的负极性端相连；第五续流二极管D5的阳极分别与第五可控功率开关S5的发射极、第三箝位二极管Dc3的阴极、第六可控功率开关S6的集电极和第六续流二极管D6的阴极相连；第四箝位二极管Dc4的阳极分别与第七可控功率开关S7的发射极、第八可控功率开关S8的集电极、第七续流二极管D7的阳极和第八续流二极管D8的阴极相连；第七续流二极管D7的阴极、第七可控功率开关S7的集电极、第六可控功率开关S6的发射极和第六续流二极管D6的阳极同时连接右半桥的中点b。The composite bidirectional three-level DC converter is composed of two half-bridges. The positive terminals of the bus voltage U low on the low-voltage DC side are respectively connected to one end of the energy storage inductor L f and one end of the filter capacitor C f1 on the low-voltage DC side. The negative terminal of the bus voltage U low is respectively connected to the other end of the low-voltage DC side filter capacitor C f1 and the midpoint b of the right half bridge; the other end of the energy storage inductance L f is connected to the midpoint a of the left half bridge, and the left half bridge The midpoint a of the second freewheeling diode D2 , the emitter of the second controllable power switch S2 , the collector of the third controllable power switch S3 and the cathode of the third freewheeling diode D3 are respectively connected ; The cathode of the second freewheeling diode D2 is respectively connected to the collector of the second controllable power switch S2 , the emitter of the first controllable power switch S1 , the anode of the first freewheeling diode D1 and the first clamp The cathode of the diode D c1 is connected; the cathode of the first freewheeling diode D1 is respectively connected to the collector of the first controllable power switch S1 , the collector of the fifth controllable power switch S5 , and the collector of the fifth freewheeling diode D5 The cathode and one end of the first filter capacitor C f2 on the high-voltage DC side are connected to the positive terminal of the bus voltage U high on the high-voltage DC side; the anode of the third freewheeling diode D3 is respectively connected to the emitter of the third controllable power switch S3 , The collector of the fourth controllable power switch S4 , the cathode of the fourth freewheeling diode D4 are connected to the anode of the second clamping diode Dc2; the cathodes of the second clamping diode Dc2 are respectively connected to the first clamping diode D The anode of c1 , the anode of the third clamping diode Dc3 , the cathode of the fourth clamping diode Dc4 , the other end of the first filter capacitor C f2 on the high voltage direct current side, and one end of the second filter capacitor C f3 on the high voltage direct current side are connected; The anode of the fourth freewheeling diode D4 is respectively connected to the emitter of the fourth controllable power switch S4 , the emitter of the eighth controllable power switch S8 , the anode of the eighth freewheeling diode D8 , and the second filter on the high voltage DC side. The other end of the capacitor C f3 is connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage DC side bus voltage U high ; the anode of the fifth freewheeling diode D5 is respectively connected to the emitter of the fifth controllable power switch S5 and the third clamping diode D c3 The cathode of the sixth controllable power switch S6 is connected to the cathode of the sixth freewheeling diode D6 ; the anode of the fourth clamping diode Dc4 is respectively connected to the emitter of the seventh controllable power switch S7 , the first The collector of the eight controllable power switch S8 , the anode of the seventh freewheeling diode D7 and the cathode of the eighth freewheeling diode D8 are connected; the cathode of the seventh freewheeling diode D7 , the seventh controllable power switch S7 The collector of the sixth controllable power switch S 6 and the anode of the sixth freewheeling diode D 6 are simultaneously connected to the midpoint b of the right half bridge.
进一步地，为了降低可控功率开关的损耗，本发明实施例优选低耐压的可控功率开关。本发明实施例中的每个半桥由四个能量可双向流动的可控功率开关(反并联续流二极管)串联构成，每个半桥的中点为输入或输出端，每个功率器件的电压应力为高压直流侧电压的一半。Further, in order to reduce the loss of the controllable power switch, the embodiment of the present invention preferably has a low withstand voltage controllable power switch. Each half-bridge in the embodiment of the present invention is composed of four controllable power switches (anti-parallel freewheeling diodes) in which energy can flow bidirectionally. The midpoint of each half-bridge is an input or output end, and each power device The voltage stress is half of the high voltage DC side voltage.
本发明实施例基于复合双向三电平直流变换器，将大功率低压(36V安全电压)蓄电池并联到高压(425V)直流母线端。因此，高低压之间的电压增益M＝425/36=11.8，复合双向三电平直流变换器可以实现非极端占空比的高电压增益运行，电压增益越高，功率开关的占空比越接近0.5，从而低压蓄电池和双向三电平直流变换器构成能量单元，如图1所示。The embodiment of the present invention is based on a compound bidirectional three-level DC converter, and connects a high-power low-voltage (36V safety voltage) storage battery in parallel to a high-voltage (425V) DC bus terminal. Therefore, the voltage gain between high and low voltage is M=425/36=11.8, and the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter can realize high voltage gain operation with non-extreme duty cycle. The higher the voltage gain, the higher the duty cycle of the power switch. is close to 0.5, so the low-voltage battery and the bidirectional three-level DC converter constitute the energy unit, as shown in Figure 1.
为了满足电动汽车所需功率的要求，将多个能量单元(1~n)并联到高压直流母线端。电动汽车控制单元通过蓄电池管理单元监控36伏蓄电池的工作状态，得到能量管理信号，进而通过能量双向流动控制器，控制复合双向三电平直流变换器的能量流动方向，构成“低压电源-高压驱动的能量源系统结构”如图1所示，既能为驱动车轮的三相交流电动机提供可靠的直流母线电压，又能回收电动汽车回馈的能量。当电动汽车发生交通事故时，通过电动汽车控制单元发出封锁信号，使复合双向三电平直流变换器和三相逆变器停止工作，以毫秒级的速度将各36伏蓄电池与高压直流母线脱离，进而消除直流母线的高电压状态。In order to meet the power requirements of electric vehicles, multiple energy units (1~n) are connected in parallel to the high-voltage DC bus terminal. The electric vehicle control unit monitors the working status of the 36-volt battery through the battery management unit, obtains energy management signals, and then controls the energy flow direction of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter through the energy bidirectional flow controller, forming a "low voltage power supply - high voltage drive" The structure of the energy source system" is shown in Figure 1, which can not only provide a reliable DC bus voltage for the three-phase AC motor driving the wheels, but also recover the energy fed back by the electric vehicle. When the electric vehicle has a traffic accident, the control unit of the electric vehicle will send a blocking signal to stop the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter and three-phase inverter, and separate each 36-volt battery from the high-voltage DC bus at a millisecond speed , thereby eliminating the high voltage state of the DC bus.
其中，基于复合双向三电平直流变换器的高电压增益、非极端占空比运行特性，将各个36V安全电压等级的蓄电池作为复合变换器的低压端，高压端并联到425V高压直流母线侧。低压蓄电池通过变换器的大比例升压，将能量集中到直流母线以供三相交流电动机驱动车轮；能量回馈时高压直流母线侧能量通过变换器大比例降压，分别给各低压蓄电池充电。在电动汽车异常情况下，电动汽车控制单元柔性封锁复合变换器和逆变器运行而快速消除高压直流母线电压。Among them, based on the high voltage gain and non-extreme duty cycle operating characteristics of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter, the batteries of each 36V safe voltage level are used as the low-voltage side of the composite converter, and the high-voltage side is connected in parallel to the 425V high-voltage DC bus side. The low-voltage battery is boosted by a large proportion of the converter, and the energy is concentrated to the DC bus for the three-phase AC motor to drive the wheels; when the energy is fed back, the energy on the side of the high-voltage DC bus is stepped down by a large proportion of the converter to charge the low-voltage batteries respectively. In the abnormal situation of the electric vehicle, the control unit of the electric vehicle flexibly blocks the operation of the composite converter and the inverter and quickly eliminates the high-voltage DC bus voltage.
综上所述，本发明实施例提供了一种电动汽车能量源系统结构，本发明实施例可以在电动汽车异常状态下柔性封锁复合双向三电平直流变换器的工作，消除高压直流母线在事故状态下的危害性，而各个低压蓄电池为安全电压，“落后”电池的出力影响程度要远远小于蓄电池组串联方式；本发明实施例通过复合双向三电平直流变换器，将蓄电池组间的电压、电流解耦，单个蓄电池的输出电压、电流完全通过复合双向三电平直流变换器的缓冲而消除相互间的制约关系，可以最大程度地利用有限的能量源；本发明避免了配备复杂的充放电均衡设备、系统异常和瘫痪，提高了安全性。To sum up, the embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle energy source system structure. The embodiment of the present invention can flexibly block the work of the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter under the abnormal state of the electric vehicle, and eliminate the high-voltage DC bus in the accident state. state, and each low-voltage storage battery is at a safe voltage, the output of the "backward" battery is far less than that of the series connection of battery packs; the embodiment of the present invention uses a composite bidirectional three-level DC converter to convert the battery packs Voltage and current decoupling, the output voltage and current of a single storage battery are completely buffered by the composite bidirectional three-level DC converter to eliminate mutual constraints, and the limited energy source can be used to the greatest extent; the invention avoids the need to equip complex Charge and discharge equalization equipment, system abnormality and paralysis, improve safety.
本领域技术人员可以理解附图只是一个优选实施例的示意图，上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。Those skilled in the art can understand that the accompanying drawing is only a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment, and the serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are for description only, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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