CN102848931A - Energy source system structure of electric automobile - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy source system structure of an electric automobile, and relates to the technical field of power electron power conversion. The energy source system structure of the electric automobile comprises a motor controller; the motor controller controls output voltage, frequency and amplitude of a three-phase inverter; the three-phase inverter controls a three-phase alternating current motor; the three-phase alternating current motor drives wheels of the electric automobile; the motor controller controls a control unit of the electric automobile; the control unit of the electric automobile controls energy flow of n 36V of storage batteries through a storage battery management unit and an energy two-way flow controller; each 36V of storage battery is connected with a low-voltage direct current side of a composite two-way three-level direct current convertor, and the high-voltage side of the composite two-way three-level direct current convertor outputs 425V of high-voltage direct current bus voltage to the three-phase inverter. The problems of abnormality and paralysation of charge and discharge balance equipment and system with complicated allocation are avoided, and security is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic power conversion, in particular to an energy source system structure of an electric automobile.
Background
Under the dual constraints of increasingly tense petroleum resources and continuous attention on green environmental protection, the electric automobile has an unblocked trend to replace the traditional fuel automobile. Basic architectures of electric vehicles using batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors as energy sources and ac motors as driving components have been developed. How to safely and efficiently convert the limited direct current electric energy of the energy source into the driving force of the electric automobile is a research hotspot and difficulty in the field of electric automobiles.
The rated voltage of a motor for driving an electric automobile is hundreds of volts, and a high direct current bus voltage can be obtained by connecting low-voltage storage batteries in series, but the following problems are objectively existed at the same time: (1) the series connection of the storage batteries easily causes the problems of overcharge and overdischarge of certain series-connected units, and complex charge and discharge balancing equipment needs to be additionally equipped; (2) the abnormality of any one series unit can cause the abnormality and even the paralysis of the whole energy source system; (3) the series storage battery is equivalent to a high-voltage direct-current power supply, and can still be in a high-voltage state even if the electric automobile has a traffic accident, so that secondary electric shock hazard is easily caused to passengers who have an accident. Therefore, from the economic, reliability and safety problems of the electric automobile, the existing energy source system of the electric automobile is improved by using the power electronic conversion technology, and the electric automobile has important economic and social values.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to avoid the configuration of complicated charge-discharge balancing equipment, system abnormity and paralysis and improve safety, the invention provides an energy source system structure of an electric automobile, which is described in detail as follows:
an electric vehicle energy source system structure comprising: a motor controller that controls an output voltage, frequency, and amplitude of a three-phase inverter that controls a three-phase alternating current motor that drives electric vehicle wheels; the motor controller controls an electric automobile control unit, the electric automobile control unit controls the energy flow of n 36-volt storage batteries through a storage battery management unit and an energy bidirectional flow controller, and each 36-volt storage battery is connected with the low-voltage direct current side of the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter; the high-voltage side of the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter outputs 425V high-voltage direct current bus voltage to the three-phase inverter; wherein,
the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter comprises: a low-voltage direct-current side filter capacitor, a high-voltage direct-current side first filter capacitor, a high-voltage direct-current side second filter capacitor, a first fly-wheel diode, a second fly-wheel diode, a third fly-wheel diode, a fourth fly-wheel diode, a fifth fly-wheel diode, a sixth fly-wheel diode, a seventh fly-wheel diode, an eighth fly-wheel diode, a first clamping diode, a second clamping diode, a third clamping diode, a fourth clamping diode, a first controllable power switch, a second controllable power switch, a third controllable power switch, a fourth controllable power switch, a fifth controllable power switch, a sixth controllable power switch, a seventh controllable power switch, an eighth controllable power switch, a high-voltage direct-current side bus voltage, a low-voltage direct-current side bus voltage and an energy storage inductor,
the three-level bidirectional direct current converter is composed of 2 half bridges, a positive polarity end of a low-voltage direct current side bus voltage is respectively connected with one end of the energy storage inductor and one end of the low-voltage direct current side filter capacitor, and a negative polarity end of the low-voltage direct current side bus voltage is respectively connected with the other end of the low-voltage direct current side filter capacitor and a midpoint of a right half bridge; the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the midpoint of a left half-bridge, and the midpoint of the left half-bridge is respectively connected with the anode of the second freewheeling diode, the emitter of the second controllable power switch, the collector of the third controllable power switch and the cathode of the third freewheeling diode; the cathode of the second freewheeling diode is respectively connected with the collector of the second controllable power switch, the emitter of the first controllable power switch, the anode of the first freewheeling diode and the cathode of the first clamping diode; the cathode of the first freewheeling diode is connected with the collector of the first controllable power switch, the collector of the fifth controllable power switch, the cathode of the fifth freewheeling diode, one end of the first high-voltage direct-current-side filter capacitor and the positive-polarity end of the high-voltage direct-current-side bus voltage respectively; the anode of the third freewheeling diode is connected to the emitter of the third controllable power switch, the collector of the fourth controllable power switch, the cathode of the fourth freewheeling diode and the anode of the second clamping diode respectively; the cathode of the second clamping diode is respectively connected with the anode of the first clamping diode, the anode of the third clamping diode, the cathode of the fourth clamping diode, the other end of the first filter capacitor at the high-voltage direct-current side and one end of the second filter capacitor at the high-voltage direct-current side; the anode of the fourth freewheeling diode is connected with the emitter of the fourth controllable power switch, the emitter of the eighth controllable power switch, the anode of the eighth freewheeling diode, the other end of the second high-voltage direct-current-side filter capacitor and the negative end of the high-voltage direct-current-side bus voltage respectively; the anode of the fifth freewheeling diode is connected to the emitter of the fifth controllable power switch, the cathode of the third clamping diode, the collector of the sixth controllable power switch, and the cathode of the sixth freewheeling diode, respectively; an anode of the fourth clamping diode is connected with an emitter of the seventh controllable power switch, a collector of the eighth controllable power switch, an anode of the seventh freewheeling diode and a cathode of the eighth freewheeling diode respectively; the cathode of the seventh freewheeling diode, the collector of the seventh controllable power switch, the emitter of the sixth controllable power switch and the anode of the sixth freewheeling diode are connected to the midpoint of the right half-bridge simultaneously.
The first controllable power switch, the second controllable power switch, the third controllable power switch, the fourth controllable power switch, the fifth controllable power switch, the sixth controllable power switch, the seventh controllable power switch, and the eighth controllable power switch are specifically: controllable power switch with low withstand voltage.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can flexibly block the work of the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter under the abnormal state of the electric automobile, eliminates the harmfulness of the high-voltage direct current bus under the accident state, ensures that each low-voltage storage battery is safe, and ensures that the influence degree of the output of the backward batteries is far smaller than the series connection mode of the storage battery pack; according to the invention, the voltage and the current between the storage battery groups are decoupled through the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter, the output voltage and the current of a single storage battery are completely buffered through the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter, so that the restriction relationship between the output voltage and the output current of the single storage battery is eliminated, and a limited energy source can be utilized to the greatest extent; the invention avoids the complex charge-discharge balancing equipment, system abnormity and paralysis, and improves the safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy source system structure of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of the composite bidirectional three-level dc converter provided by the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
Uhigh: high voltage direct current side bus voltage; u shapelow: a low voltage dc side bus voltage;
Cf1: a low voltage DC side filter capacitor; cf2: a first filter capacitor on the high-voltage direct current side;
Cf3: a second filter capacitor on the high-voltage direct current side; s1: a first controllable power switch;
S2: a second controllable power switch; s3: a third controllable power switch;
S4: a fourth controllable power switch; s5: a fifth controllable power switch;
S6: a sixth controllable power switch; s7: a seventh controllable power switch;
S8: an eighth controllable power switch; l isf: an energy storage inductor;
Dc1: a first clamping diode; dc2: a second clamping diode;
Dc3: a third clamping diode; dc4: a fourth clamping diode;
D1: a first freewheeling diode; d2: a second freewheeling diode;
D3: a third freewheeling diode; d4: a fourth freewheeling diode;
D5: a fifth freewheeling diode; d6: a sixth freewheeling diode;
D7: a seventh freewheeling diode; d8: and an eighth freewheeling diode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to avoid the configuration of complicated charge and discharge balancing equipment, system abnormality and paralysis and improve safety, the embodiment of the invention provides an energy source system structure of an electric vehicle, which is described in detail in the following description with reference to fig. 1 and 2:
the safety voltage of human body is 36V direct current voltage, and in order to obtain the same energy source power as the series storage battery pack, a plurality of 36V storage batteries are required to be connected in parallel. The storage batteries have difference, and the direct parallel connection of the storage batteries can bring fatal influence to the storage batteries; in addition, the voltage grade matching problem exists between the low-voltage storage battery and the required high-voltage direct-current bus voltage, and energy generated by braking and downhill of the electric automobile needs to be recovered. In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention intends to connect a set of independent low-voltage batteries in parallel to the high-voltage dc bus side through a composite bidirectional three-level dc converter, respectively, so as to form a low-voltage power supply-high-voltage driven energy source system of an electric vehicle, which is of great significance for solving the economic, reliability and safety problems of the current electric vehicles.
An electric vehicle energy source system structure comprising: the motor controller controls the output voltage, frequency and amplitude of the three-phase inverter, the three-phase inverter controls the three-phase alternating current motor, and the three-phase alternating current motor drives wheels of the electric automobile; the motor controller controls an electric vehicle control unit, and the electric vehicle control unit controls the energy flow of n 36-volt storage batteries through a storage battery management unit and an energy bidirectional flow controller;
each 36-volt storage battery is connected with the low-voltage direct current side of the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter; the high-voltage side of the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter outputs 425V high-voltage direct current bus voltage to the three-phase inverter.
Wherein, compound two-way three-level direct current converter includes: low-voltage direct-current side filter capacitor Cf1A first filter capacitor C at the high-voltage direct-current sidef2And a second filter capacitor C at the high-voltage direct-current sidef3A first freewheeling diode D1A second freewheeling diode D2A third freewheeling diode D3A fourth freewheeling diode D4A fifth freewheeling diode D5A sixth freewheeling diode D6The seventh freewheeling diode D7An eighth freewheeling diode D8A first clamping diode Dc1A second clamping diode Dc2A third clamping diode Dc3A fourth clamping diode Dc4A first controllable power switch S1A second controllable power switch S2A third controllable power switch S3And a fourth controllable power switch S4The fifth controllable power switch S5A sixth controllable power switch S6The seventh controllable power switch S7Eighth controllable power switch S8High voltage DC side bus voltage UhighLow voltage DC side bus voltage UlowAnd an energy storage inductor Lf，
The composite bidirectional three-level DC converter consists of 2 half-bridges, and the low-voltage DC side bus voltage UlowThe positive polarity terminals of the two are respectively connected with the energy storage inductor LfAnd a low voltage DC side filter capacitor Cf1Is connected to a low voltage DC side bus voltage UlowThe negative polarity end of the capacitor is respectively connected with the low-voltage direct-current side filter capacitor Cf1The other end of the right half bridge is connected with the middle point b of the right half bridge; energy storage inductor LfThe other end of the left half-bridge is connected with a midpoint a of the left half-bridge, and the midpoint a of the left half-bridge is respectively connected with a second freewheeling diode D2Anode of, a second controllable power switch S2Emitter, third controllable power switch S3Collector and third freewheeling diode D3The cathodes of the two electrodes are connected; second freewheeling diode D2Respectively with a second controllable power switch S2Collector, first controllable power switchS1 emitter, first freewheeling diode D1And a first clamping diode Dc1The cathodes of the two electrodes are connected; first freewheeling diode D1Respectively with the first controllable power switch S1Collector, fifth controllable power switch S5Collector of, and a fifth freewheeling diode D5Cathode and first filter capacitor C on high-voltage direct-current sidef2One end of (3) and high voltage direct current side bus voltage UhighThe positive polarity ends of the two are connected; third freewheeling diode D3Respectively with a third controllable power switch S3Emitter electrode, fourthControllable power switch S4Collector of, and a fourth freewheeling diode D4And a second clamping diode Dc2The anodes of the anode groups are connected; second clamping diode Dc2Respectively with the first clamping diode Dc1Anode of (D), third clamping diode Dc3Anode of (D), fourth clamping diode Dc4Cathode and first filter capacitor C on high-voltage direct-current sidef2And a second filter capacitor C on the high-voltage direct-current sidef3One end of the two ends are connected; fourth freewheeling diode D4Respectively with a fourth controllable power switch S4Emitter, eight controllable power switch S8Emitter of (2), eighth freewheeling diode D8Anode of (2), high voltage direct current side second filter capacitor Cf3Another end of (3) and high voltage direct current side bus voltage UhighThe negative polarity end of the first and second electrodes is connected; fifth freewheeling diode D5Respectively with a fifth controllable power switch S5Emitter, third clamping diode Dc3Cathode of (2), sixth controllable power switch S6Collector and sixth freewheeling diode D6The cathodes of the two electrodes are connected; fourth clamping diode Dc4Respectively with a seventh controllable power switch S7Emitter, eighth controllable power switch S8Collector of, and a seventh freewheeling diode D7And an eighth freewheeling diode D8The cathodes of the two electrodes are connected; seventh freewheeling diode D7Cathode of (2), seventh controllable power switch S7Collector, sixth controllable power switch S6And a sixth freewheeling diode D6Is connected to the midpoint b of the right half-bridge.
Further, in order to reduce the loss of the controllable power switch, the embodiment of the present invention preferably selects a controllable power switch with low withstand voltage. Each half bridge in the embodiment of the invention is formed by connecting four controllable power switches (anti-parallel free-wheeling diodes) with energy capable of flowing bidirectionally in series, the midpoint of each half bridge is an input end or an output end, and the voltage stress of each power device is half of the voltage of a high-voltage direct-current side.
The embodiment of the invention is based on a composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter, and a high-power low-voltage (36V safe voltage) storage battery is connected to a high-voltage (425V) direct current bus end in parallel. Therefore, the voltage gain M between the high voltage and the low voltage is 425/36=11.8, the composite bidirectional three-level dc converter can realize the high voltage gain operation without the extreme duty ratio, and the higher the voltage gain, the closer the duty ratio of the power switch is to 0.5, so that the low-voltage storage battery and the bidirectional three-level dc converter constitute the energy unit, as shown in fig. 1.
In order to meet the requirement of power required by an electric automobile, a plurality of energy units (1-n) are connected to a high-voltage direct-current bus end in parallel. The electric vehicle control unit monitors the working state of the 36-volt storage battery through the storage battery management unit to obtain an energy management signal, and then controls the energy flow direction of the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter through the energy bidirectional flow controller to form a low-voltage power supply-high-voltage driving energy source system structure, as shown in fig. 1, the low-voltage power supply-high-voltage driving energy source system structure can provide reliable direct current bus voltage for a three-phase alternating current motor driving wheels, and can recover energy fed back by the electric vehicle. When the electric automobile has a traffic accident, the electric automobile control unit sends out a blocking signal to stop the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter and the three-phase inverter, and the 36V storage batteries are separated from the high-voltage direct current bus at the speed of millisecond level, so that the high-voltage state of the direct current bus is eliminated.
Based on the high-voltage gain and non-extreme duty ratio operation characteristics of the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter, storage batteries with various 36V safe voltage levels are used as low-voltage ends of the composite converter, and high-voltage ends are connected to a 425V high-voltage direct current bus side in parallel. The low-voltage storage battery is boosted by a large proportion of the converter, and energy is concentrated to the direct-current bus to drive wheels by the three-phase alternating-current motor; when energy is fed back, the energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus side is reduced in a large proportion through the converter, and the low-voltage storage batteries are charged respectively. Under the abnormal condition of the electric automobile, the electric automobile control unit flexibly blocks the composite converter and the inverter to operate so as to quickly eliminate the high-voltage direct-current bus voltage.
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides an energy source system structure of an electric vehicle, which can flexibly block the operation of a composite bidirectional three-level dc converter in an abnormal state of the electric vehicle, so as to eliminate the harmfulness of a high-voltage dc bus in an accident state, and each low-voltage battery is a safe voltage, and the influence degree of the output of the "lagging" battery is far smaller than the series connection mode of the storage battery; according to the embodiment of the invention, the voltage and the current between the storage battery groups are decoupled through the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter, the output voltage and the current of a single storage battery are completely buffered through the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter, so that the restriction relationship between the output voltage and the current is eliminated, and a limited energy source can be utilized to the greatest extent; the invention avoids the complex charge-discharge balancing equipment, system abnormity and paralysis, and improves the safety.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (2)
1. An electric vehicle energy source system structure comprising: a motor controller that controls an output voltage, frequency, and amplitude of a three-phase inverter that controls a three-phase alternating current motor that drives electric vehicle wheels; the motor controller controls an electric vehicle control unit which controls the energy flow of n 36-volt storage batteries through a storage battery management unit and an energy bidirectional flow controller,
each 36-volt storage battery is connected with the low-voltage direct current side of the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter; the high-voltage side of the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter outputs 425V high-voltage direct current bus voltage to the three-phase inverter; wherein,
the composite bidirectional three-level direct current converter comprises: low voltage DC side filter capacitor (C)f1) A first filter capacitor (C) at the high-voltage direct-current sidef2) A second filter capacitor (C) at high voltage direct current sidef3) A first freewheeling diode (D)1) A second freewheeling diode (D)2) A third freewheeling diode (D)3) A fourth freewheeling diode (D)4) A fifth freewheeling diode (D)5) And a sixth freewheeling diode (D)6) A seventh freewheeling diode (D)7) An eighth freewheeling diode (D)8) A first clamping diode (D)c1) A second clamping diode (D)c2) A third clamping diode (D)c3) A fourth clamping diode (D)c4) A first controllable power switch (S)1) A second controllable power switch (S)2) And a third controllable power switch (S)3) And a fourth controllable power switch (S)4) And a fifth controllable power switch (S)5) And a sixth controllable power switch (S)6) And a seventh controllable power switch (S)7) And an eighth controllable power switch (S)8) High voltage direct current side bus voltage (U)high) Low voltage DC side bus voltage (U)low) And an energy storage inductor (L)f），
The three-level bidirectional DC converter is composed of 2 half-bridges, and the low-voltage DC side bus voltage (U)low) Respectively with the energy storage inductor (L)f) And said low voltage DC side filter capacitor (C)f1) Is connected to the low voltage dc side bus voltage (U)low) Respectively with the low voltage DC side filter capacitor (C)f1) The other end of the left half-bridge is connected with the midpoint (b) of the right half-bridge; the energy storage inductor (L)f) Is connected to a midpoint (a) of a left half-bridge, the midpoint (a) of the left half-bridge being connected to the second freewheeling diode (D), respectively2) Anode of, the second controllable powerSwitch (S)2) Said third controllable power switch (S)3) And said third freewheeling diode (D)3) The cathodes of the two electrodes are connected; the second freewheeling diode (D)2) Respectively with said second controllable power switch (S)2) The collector of (a), the first controllable power switch (S)1) The first freewheeling diode (D)1) And said first clamping diode (D)c1) The cathodes of the two electrodes are connected; the first freewheeling diode (D)1) Respectively with said first controllable power switch (S)1) The fifth controllable power switch (S)5) The collector of (D), the fifth freewheeling diode (D)5) The high voltage direct current side first filter capacitor (C)f2) And the high voltage dc side bus voltage (U)high) The positive polarity ends of the two are connected; the third freewheeling diode (D)3) Respectively with said third controllable power switch (S)3) Said fourth controllable power switch (S)4) Collector of, the fourth freewheeling diode (D)4) And said second clamping diode (D)c2) The anodes of the anode groups are connected; said second clamping diode (D)c2) Respectively with said first clamping diode (D)c1) Said third clamping diode (D)c3) Said fourth clamping diode (D)c4) The high voltage direct current side first filter capacitor (C)f2) And a second filter capacitor (C) on the high voltage direct current sidef3) One end of the two ends are connected; the fourth freewheeling diode (D)4) Respectively with said fourth controllable power switch (S)4) Said eighth controllable power switch (S)8) The eighth freewheeling diode (D)8) And a second filter capacitor (C) on the high-voltage direct-current sidef3) And the other end of said high voltage dc side bus voltage (U)high) The negative polarity end of the first and second electrodes is connected; the fifth freewheeling diode (D)5) Of (2) an anodeAre respectively connected with the fifth controllable power switch (S)5) Said third clamping diode (D)c3) The sixth controllable power switch (S)6) And the sixth freewheeling diode (D)6) The cathodes of the two electrodes are connected; said fourth clamping diode (D)c4) Respectively with said seventh controllable power switch (S)7) Said eighth controllable power switch (S)8) Collector of, the seventh freewheeling diode (D)7) And said eighth freewheeling diode (D)8) The cathodes of the two electrodes are connected; the seventh freewheeling diode (D)7) Said seventh controllable power switch (S)7) The sixth controllable power switch (S)6) And said sixth freewheeling diode (D)6) Is connected to the midpoint (b) of the right half-bridge.
2. An electric vehicle energy source system arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that said first controllable power switch (S)1) The second controllable power switch (S)2) The third controllable power switch (S)3) The fourth controllable power switch (S)4) The fifth controllable power switch (S)5) The sixth controllable power switch (S)6) The seventh controllable power switch (S)7) And said eighth controllable power switch (S)8) The method specifically comprises the following steps: controllable power switch with low withstand voltage.
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| WO2014177061A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | 台湾立凯绿能移动股份有限公司 | Power supply driving system |
| CN104253471A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Charging system and charging control method of electric vehicle |
| CN104249628A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Electric vehicle and power system and motor controller for electric vehicle |
| CN107181434A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-19 | 重庆凯瑞电动汽车系统有限公司 | Electric machine controller with bidirectional, dc discharge and recharge and variable DC voltage |
| US9862287B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-01-09 | Byd Company Limited | Power system for electric vehicle, electric vehicle and motor controller |
| CN109017326A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆瑞阳科技股份有限公司 | Brake energy recovering system of electric vehicle |
| US10166882B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2019-01-01 | Byd Company Limited | Power system for electric vehicle |
| CN109121447A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2019-01-01 | 三洋电机株式会社 | The electrical control method of power-supply system, control system and power-supply system |
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| CN104249628A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Electric vehicle and power system and motor controller for electric vehicle |
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| CN109121447B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2022-04-22 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Power supply system, control system, and power control method for power supply system |
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