CN102843035A - Transformer control method with precise voltage and current limitation and maximum power point tracking functions - Google Patents
Transformer control method with precise voltage and current limitation and maximum power point tracking functions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transformer control method with precise voltage and current limitation and maximum power point tracking functions. In the method, a voltage and current control part can precisely adjust and limit the output voltage and current of the transformer; a maximum power tracking control part tracks the maximum power of a photovoltaic battery. That is to say, on a same stage of DC/DC (Direct Current/Direct Current) transformer, the method disclosed by the invention realizes the control strategy to three different working modes (voltage limitation, current limitation and maximum power tracking) and the coordination and automatic handoff between the different working modes. When a load-required power is greater than the battery power under current conditions, the maximum power tracking control part controls the photovoltaic battery to output the maximum power; and when the load-required power is smaller than the maximum output power of the photovoltaic battery, the voltage and current control part realizes quick and precise control to the output voltage or current.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of control method of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically is a kind of tracing maximum power of photovoltaic cell control method of accurate pressure-limit current-limit function, belongs to the photovoltaic power generation technology field.
Background technology
The prosperity of modern society is to be based upon on the basis of a large amount of use fossil fuels with development.Fossil fuel belongs to non-renewable energy resources, and its limited storage can't be kept the long term growth of human society, and the human living environment now of burning mass fossil fuel destruction, and terrestrial climate is had a negative impact.Photovoltaic cell is an electric energy with conversion of solar energy directly through photovoltaic effect, need not to consume other resource in the use and also do not discharge any dusty gas that comprises carbon dioxide, and be non-pollution of renewable energy.
Because photovoltaic cell cost high efficiency is low, people have developed multiple maximum power tracking method according to the physical characteristic of photovoltaic cell, and making photovoltaic cell is electric energy with conversion of solar energy as much as possible, improve the utilance of photovoltaic cell.Yet, when the energy of photovoltaic cell output greater than its load can power absorbed the time, unnecessary energy may itself cause damage to load or photovoltaic cell converter.When particularly in micro power network, using, not controlled output voltage or electric current possibly damage the equipment on the whole network, make whole periods of network disruption.In addition, when photovoltaic generating system is worked as an independent current source, also require the voltage or the electric current of converter output appointment when photovoltaic cell provides power sufficient.In order to realize this target, need the 2 stage converter cascade operation usually, one-level realizes the maximal power tracing of photovoltaic cell, another grade realized the accurate pressure limiting and the current limliting of output.Cause system cost to raise like this, reliability reduces, and generating efficiency reduces, and the photovoltaic cell utilance reduces.
Summary of the invention
The present invention organically combines accurate pressure limiting and the current limliting that has realized exporting under the maximal power tracing condition with voltage control, Current Control and three kinds of control models of maximal power tracing control on the basis of using one-level DC/DC inverter power circuit.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following measure:
A kind of control method with converter of accurate pressure-limit current-limit and MPPT maximum power point tracking, this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) voltage control link: the difference equation according to the control algolithm of digital pi regulator, obtain,
The variable quantity of numeral pi regulator output:
(1)
The Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pi regulator is output as:
(2)
The voltage given value (like 5V) of setting voltage controlling unit utilizes the AD of single-chip microcomputer to sample continuous acquisition
kWith
kThe output voltage values of-1 moment converter is the voltage sample value, and it is compared with described voltage given value respectively, and promptly said voltage given value deducts said voltage sample value and obtains the voltage error signal value
e(
k),
e(
k-1), substitution (1) formula is come the variation delta of calculating voltage adjuster output
u(
k), utilize (2) formula to come the output valve of calculating voltage controlling unit again
u(
k); Wherein, in the formula (1)
e(
k),
e(
k-1) is respectively
k,
kThe voltage error signal value in-1 moment,
k p,
k iRepresent proportionality coefficient, integral coefficient respectively, its numerical value is respectively 0.429,0.0451;
(2) Current Control link: set the electric current set-point (like 5V) of Current Control link, utilize Chip Microcomputer A to sample continuous acquisition
kWith
kThe output current value of-1 moment converter is done difference with the electric current set-point respectively then and is relatively obtained the current error signal value
e(
k),
e(
k-1), substitution (3) formula is calculated the variation delta of current regulator output
i(
k), utilize (4) formula to calculate the output valve of Current Control link again
i(
k); In its Chinese style (3)
e(
k),
e(
k-1) is respectively
k,
kThe current error signal value in-1 moment,
k p,
k iRepresent proportionality coefficient, integral coefficient respectively, its numerical value is respectively 0.339,0.0168;
Difference equation according to the control algolithm of digital pi regulator obtains,
The variable quantity of numeral pi regulator output:
(3)
The Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pi regulator is output as:
(4)
(3) MPPT maximum power point tracking controlling unit: sample continuous acquisition through Chip Microcomputer A
k-1 with
kThe output voltage values and the output current value of moment photovoltaic cell, the power output of calculating current time photovoltaic cell
P(
K-1), then it is applied disturbance, calculate the power output after the disturbance once more
P(
k), relatively the magnitude of power of disturbance front and back changes then, draws photovoltaic cell work
Point needs the direction of variation; D
1Be the initial value of PWM duty ratio, D
1Get
D 050%;
If
P(
k)>=
P(
k-1), then the performance number after the disturbance increases, and promptly increases duty cycle delta
d, the dutyfactor value of MPPT maximum power point tracking this moment controlling unit output does
D(
k)=
D(
k-1)+Δ
d
If
P(
k)<
P(
k-1), then the performance number after the disturbance reduces, and reduces duty cycle delta
d, the dutyfactor value of MPPT maximum power point tracking this moment controlling unit output does
D(
k)=
D(
k-1)-Δ
d
Δ wherein
dBe the change in duty cycle value, if
P(
k)>=
P(
k-1), change in duty cycle value Δ then
dFor
D 01%; If
P(
k)<
P(
k-1), change in duty cycle value Δ then
dFor
D 05%; Wherein
D(
k),
D(
k-1) is respectively
k,
kThe PWM dutyfactor value of-1 controlling unit of MPPT maximum power point tracking constantly output,
D 0Be the maximum of PWM duty ratio, its numerical value is the maximum of SCM PWM duty cycle register;
(4) with the output valve of voltage control link
u(
k) and Current Control link output valve
i(
k) compare, get wherein less numerical value; Then this than fractional value again with the PWM dutyfactor value of MPPT maximum power point tracking controlling unit output
D(
k) compare; Less numerical value is delivered to the pwm signal register of single-chip microcomputer in the two; Produce the PWM drive signal, and then the conducting and the shutoff of removing power tube in the power controlling circuit, realize MPPT maximum power point tracking control to voltage, electric current and the photovoltaic cell of converter.
Described single-chip microcomputer model is dsPIC30F2020.
This control method is made up of three basic control sections: 1, voltage control part, promptly regulate inductive current in the power circuit according to given voltage and output voltage value of feedback, and realize closed-loop control to output voltage; 2, Current Control part is promptly regulated inductive current in the power circuit according to given electric current and output current value of feedback, realizes the closed-loop control to output current; 3, maximal power tracing control section, promptly output voltage and the output current adjusting PWM duty ratio according to photovoltaic cell makes that photovoltaic cell can Maximum Power Output.
When system coordination was controlled, the smaller value of the two-part adjuster output of voltage control and Current Control need be controlled output valve relatively with MPPT maximum power point tracking, realizes the adjusting to duty ratio with minimum value.
The present invention has following advantage:
The present invention can realize the maximum work point rate tracking Control of photovoltaic generation, the accurate pressure limiting of output voltage and the accurate current limliting of output current through one-level DC/DC converter; For the photovoltaic generating system that common 2 stage converter is realized; Be that common one-level realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking control, another level realizes voltage, Current Control, and the present invention can reduce system cost; Improve system effectiveness, the reliability of enhanced system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 photovoltaic generating system structure chart.
The BUCK converter circuit structure chart of Fig. 2 three-phase crisscross parallel.
The control algolithm block diagram of Fig. 3 voltage close loop.
The control algolithm block diagram of Fig. 4 current closed-loop.
Fig. 5 system output characteristics figure.
Fig. 6 overall system software control method flow chart.
Embodiment
The independent photovoltaic generating system structure is as shown in Figure 1, comprises photovoltaic cell, DC/DC converter, controller and DC load, or also can include storage battery.It is the IGBT of the Infineon module of FF200R12KT4 that three BUCK converters of DC/DC converter using, the power tube of BUCK converter are selected model for use.The drive signal duty ratio equal and opposite in direction of each converter, and phase difference is 120 ° each other.Controller dsPIC30F2020 single-chip microcomputer.Photovoltaic generation inverter power circuit of the present invention adopts the Buck converter of three-phase crisscross parallel, and is as shown in Figure 2.Controller is recently regulated the energy that is delivered to Buck converter load-side from the photovoltaic cell side through the PWM duty that changes switching tube Q.
The basic principle of control method of the present invention: three control sections are arranged in the controller; Be respectively maximal power tracing part, voltage control part and Current Control part; Wherein voltage control partly realizes the accurate pressure limiting of exporting, and Current Control partly realizes the accurate current limliting of output current.Shown in Figure 3 is the control block diagram of voltage close loop, and shown in Figure 4 is the control block diagram of current closed-loop, and the Current Control part partly has similar structure with voltage control, and these two parts are in order to realize accurate pressure limiting or accurate current limliting.When the converter input power is the maximum power of photovoltaic cell output can't satisfy need of load the time, will occur exporting feedback voltage less than given voltage and output feedback current less than given electric current, at this moment two adjusters all can be saturated fast.At this moment, the size of the PWM duty ratio of switching tube only depends on the duty ratio of PWM register input, and the size of this duty ratio is partly determined by maximal power tracing.The output voltage and the electric current of maximal power tracing module samples photovoltaic cell, and regulate the size of PWM duty ratio according to the self-characteristic of photovoltaic cell, make photovoltaic cell be operated in maximum power point.
The practical implementation step of this control method: after system powered on, single chip machine controlling circuit normally moved, and single-chip microcomputer is accomplished initialization, the beginning software program for execution; Come the voltage and current numerical value of Acquisition Circuit through the AD sampling unit of single-chip microcomputer,, in major cycle, comprise voltage control loop knot program, current regulator knot program and MPPT maximum power point tracking controlling unit subprogram for computed in software lays the foundation.
The present invention has the control method of the converter of accurate pressure-limit current-limit and MPPT maximum power point tracking, and this method may further comprise the steps:
1.1 voltage control link: the difference equation according to the control algolithm of digital pi regulator, obtain,
The variable quantity of numeral pi regulator output:
(1)
The Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pi regulator is output as:
(2)
The voltage given value (like 5V) of setting voltage controlling unit utilizes the AD of single-chip microcomputer to sample continuous acquisition
kWith
k-1 moment converter output voltage values compares itself and described voltage given value, and promptly said set-point deducts the voltage sample value and obtains error signal
e(
k),
e(
k-1), substitution (1) formula is come the variation delta of calculating voltage adjuster output
u(
k), utilize (2) formula to come the output valve of calculating voltage controlling unit again
u(
k), wherein,
e(
k),
e(
k-1) is respectively
k,
kThe voltage error signal value in-1 moment,
k=1 ..., n,
k p,
k iRepresent proportionality coefficient, integral coefficient respectively, its numerical value is respectively 0.429,0.0451.
The adjustment process of output voltage is following, if output voltage increases, surpasses setting voltage; Then the numerical value of the voltage signal of AD sampling will increase, and compares with given magnitude of voltage, and error signal will become negative value; The output valve of adjuster will reduce; The duty ratio of PWM drive signal will reduce, and output voltage will descend, until being stabilized in set point; Otherwise, if output voltage descends, less than setting voltage; Then the output voltage values of AD sampling will be less than setting voltage; The voltage error signal that relatively obtains on the occasion of, the output valve of adjuster will increase, the duty ratio of PWM drive signal will increase; Output voltage will increase, until being stabilized in output valve.Promptly change the ON time of PWM drive signal through the output valve that changes adjuster, just can change the ON time of power tube in the converter, the final adjusting that realizes output voltage keeps the stable of output voltage.
1.2 Current Control link: set the electric current set-point (like 5V) of Current Control link, utilize Chip Microcomputer A to sample continuous acquisition
kWith
k-1 moment converter output current value is done difference with the electric current set-point then and is relatively obtained current error signal
e(
k),
e(
k-1), substitution (3) formula is calculated the variation delta of current regulator output
i(
k), utilize (4) formula to calculate the output valve of Current Control link again
i(
k), wherein
e(
k),
e(
k-1) is respectively
k,
kThe current error signal value in-1 moment,
k=1 ..., n,
k p,
k iRepresent proportionality coefficient, integral coefficient respectively, its numerical value is respectively 0.339,0.0168.
Difference equation according to the control algolithm of digital pi regulator obtains,
The variable quantity of numeral pi regulator output:
(3)
The Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pi regulator is output as:
(4)
1.3 MPPT maximum power point tracking controlling unit: sample continuous acquisition through Chip Microcomputer A
k-1 with
kThe constantly output voltage values and the output current value of photovoltaic cell calculate the power output of current time photovoltaic cell
P(
k-1), then it is applied disturbance, calculate the power output after the disturbance once more
P(
k), relatively the magnitude of power of disturbance front and back changes then, draws photovoltaic cell work
Point needs the direction of variation;
If
P(
k)>=
P(
k-1), then the performance number after the disturbance increases, and explains that perturbation direction is to the maximum power point motion, then continues to press
Variation according to last time applies disturbance, promptly increases duty cycle delta
d, the dutyfactor value of MPPT maximum power point tracking this moment controlling unit output does
D(
k)=
D(
k-1)+Δ
d
If
P(
k)<
P(
k-1), then the performance number after the disturbance reduces, and perturbation direction is described away from maximum power, then changes into changing opposite direction last time and applies disturbance, promptly reduces duty cycle delta
d, the dutyfactor value of MPPT maximum power point tracking this moment controlling unit output does
D(
k)=
D(
k-1)-Δ
d
Wherein
k=1 ..., n, Δ
dBe the change in duty cycle value, if
P(
k)>=
P(
k-1), change in duty cycle value Δ then
dFor
D 01%; If
P(
k)<
P(
k-1), change in duty cycle value Δ then
dFor
D 05%; Wherein
D(
k),
D(
k-1) is respectively
k,
kThe PWM dutyfactor value of-1 controlling unit of MPPT maximum power point tracking constantly output,
D 0Be the maximum of PWM duty ratio, its numerical value is the maximum of SCM PWM duty cycle register;
D 1Be the initial value of PWM duty ratio, its numerical value does
D 050%.
2 voltages, electric current and the control of MPPT maximum power point tracking control overall coordination:
Calculating output valve with the voltage control link
u(
k) calculate output valve with the Current Control link
i(
k) compare, get wherein less numerical value; This output valve of calculating with the MPPT maximum power point tracking controlling unit again than fractional value then
D(
k) compare; Less numerical value is delivered to the pwm signal register of single-chip microcomputer in the two; Produce the PWM drive signal, and then go the conducting and the shutoff of power tube in the power controlling circuit, the final MPPT maximum power point tracking control that realizes voltage, electric current and the photovoltaic cell of converter.System's output characteristic is as shown in Figure 5, and wherein abscissa is represented output current, and ordinate is represented output voltage, the cartographic represenation of area power output horizontal, that ordinate surrounded.
2.1 the power output of photovoltaic cell is greater than bearing power:
(1) if the load output current is less and during less than set point, the converter output current value that promptly obtains through the AD sampling is judged the size with set point then; If less than set point, then bearing power is less, and system works is at the voltage stabilizing state; Shown in a section among Fig. 5, its ordinate value
U SetBe voltage setting value; The output voltage numerical value of system equates with voltage setting value; The expression system works is at the voltage stabilizing state, and this moment, the Current Control link was inoperative, and the maximal power tracing controlling unit is inoperative; The voltage control link works; Described in the concrete work as 1.1, converter power output at this moment is to be decided by given output voltage and load size, and is that converter input power and converter power output only differ a transducer effciency as the photovoltaic cell power output of tracing maximum power of photovoltaic cell foundation.
(2) if when load current surpasses given current value very greatly, system works is at the current stabilization state, the c section among Fig. 5, its abscissa
I SetBe the output current set point, the output current of system equates that with current setting value the expression system works is at the current stabilization state; Have only the Current Control link to work this moment; Voltage control link and maximal power tracing controlling unit are inoperative, and output current sampled value and set point compare, and pass through the calculating of Current Control link again; Guarantee the stable of output current, described in the concrete work as 1.2.
2.2 the power output of photovoltaic cell is not more than bearing power:
If when the power of load request was not less than the maximum power that photovoltaic cell provides, promptly output voltage, the current value through AD unscented transformation device calculated power output, the power output with photovoltaic cell compares to confirm watt level then.System works is the b curve in Fig. 5, the peak power output of expression photovoltaic cell
P Max, be nonlinear output characteristic decision by photovoltaic cell, and non-rectilinear; The value of feedback of output voltage and output current all can not reach set-point, output valve value of reaching capacity of voltage, current regulator, and its value is greater than the output valve of maximum power controlling unit; This moment, the maximum power controlling unit worked; Utilize the MPPT control algolithm of this paper, calculate the adjuster output valve of maximal power tracing controlling unit, and then go to control the variation of PWM duty ratio; Search out the maximum power of photovoltaic cell point, described in the concrete work as 1.3.When power that load requires and photovoltaic peak power output are just consistent, a section and the b section intersection point or the intersection point place of b section and c section that its working point should be in Fig. 5.At this moment can be between the two kinds of patterns frequent switching of system; But in fact the regulating cycle of maximal power tracing will be much larger than the regulating cycle of voltage and current control section; So voltage or Current Regulation are accomplished in the process of twice maximal power tracing adjusting, can't influence each other causes system unstable.
Claims (2)
1. control method with converter of accurate pressure-limit current-limit and MPPT maximum power point tracking, this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) voltage control link: the difference equation according to the control algolithm of digital pi regulator, obtain,
The variable quantity of numeral pi regulator output:
(1)
The Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pi regulator is output as:
(2)
The voltage given value of setting voltage controlling unit utilizes the AD of single-chip microcomputer to sample continuous acquisition
kWith
kThe output voltage values of-1 moment converter is the voltage sample value, and it is compared with described voltage given value respectively, and promptly said voltage given value deducts said voltage sample value and obtains the voltage error signal value
e(
k),
e(
k-1), substitution (1) formula is come the variation delta of calculating voltage adjuster output
u(
k), utilize (2) formula to come the output valve of calculating voltage controlling unit again
u(
k); Wherein, in the formula (1)
e(
k),
e(
k-1) is respectively
k,
kThe voltage error signal value in-1 moment,
k p,
k iRepresent proportionality coefficient, integral coefficient respectively, its numerical value is respectively 0.429,0.0451;
(2) Current Control link: set the electric current set-point (like 5V) of Current Control link, utilize Chip Microcomputer A to sample continuous acquisition
kWith
kThe output current value of-1 moment converter is done difference with the electric current set-point respectively then and is relatively obtained the current error signal value
e(
k),
e(
k-1), substitution (3) formula is calculated the variation delta of current regulator output
i(
k), utilize (4) formula to calculate the output valve of Current Control link again
i(
k); In its Chinese style (3)
e(
k),
e(
k-1) is respectively
k,
kThe current error signal value in-1 moment,
k p,
k iRepresent proportionality coefficient, integral coefficient respectively, its numerical value is respectively 0.339,0.0168;
Difference equation according to the control algolithm of digital pi regulator obtains,
The variable quantity of numeral pi regulator output:
(3)
The Increment Type Digital Hydraulic pi regulator is output as:
(4)
(3) MPPT maximum power point tracking controlling unit: sample continuous acquisition through Chip Microcomputer A
k-1 with
kThe output voltage values and the output current value of moment photovoltaic cell, the power output of calculating current time photovoltaic cell
P(
K-1), then it is applied disturbance, calculate the power output after the disturbance once more
P(
k), relatively the magnitude of power of disturbance front and back changes then, draws photovoltaic cell work
Point needs the direction of variation; D
1Be the initial value of PWM duty ratio, D
1Get
D 050%;
If
P(
k)>=
P(
k-1), then the performance number after the disturbance increases, and promptly increases duty cycle delta
d, the dutyfactor value of MPPT maximum power point tracking this moment controlling unit output does
D(
k)=
D(
k-1)+Δ
d
If
P(
k)<
P(
k-1), then the performance number after the disturbance reduces, and reduces duty cycle delta
d, the dutyfactor value of MPPT maximum power point tracking this moment controlling unit output does
D(
k)=
D(
k-1)-Δ
d
Δ wherein
dBe the change in duty cycle value, if
P(
k)>=
P(
k-1), change in duty cycle value Δ then
dFor
D 01%; If
P(
k)<
P(
k-1), change in duty cycle value Δ then
dFor
D 05%; Wherein
D(
k),
D(
k-1) is respectively
k,
kThe PWM dutyfactor value of-1 controlling unit of MPPT maximum power point tracking constantly output,
D 0Be the maximum of PWM duty ratio, its numerical value is the maximum of SCM PWM duty cycle register;
(4) with the output valve of voltage control link
u(
k) and Current Control link output valve
i(
k) compare, get wherein less numerical value; Then this than fractional value again with the PWM dutyfactor value of MPPT maximum power point tracking controlling unit output
D(
k) compare; Less numerical value is delivered to the pwm signal register of single-chip microcomputer in the two; Produce the PWM drive signal, and then the conducting and the shutoff of removing power tube in the power controlling circuit, realize MPPT maximum power point tracking control to voltage, electric current and the photovoltaic cell of converter.
2. control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described single-chip microcomputer model is dsPIC30F2020.
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