CN102841374B - Pseudo three-dimensional fast microseism forward modeling method based on scanning surface forward modeling - Google Patents
Pseudo three-dimensional fast microseism forward modeling method based on scanning surface forward modeling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A pseudo three-dimensional fast microseism forward modeling method based on scanning surface forward modeling includes that a three-dimensional (3D) horizontal isotropic anisotropic model is set up and provided with a coordinate system (X, Y, Z), a microseism origin is disposed inside the anisotropic model, and a plurality of seismic geophones are arranged on the upper surface of the anisotropic model; a two-dimensional (2D) vertical plane is set up for the microseism origin and the seismic geophones so that the microseism origin and the seismic geophones are all arranged on the 2D vertical plane; the 2D vertical plane is vertically projected in a horizontal coordinate system (X, Y) of the anisotropic model, and according to horizontal coordinates of the microseism origin and the seismic geophones in the horizontal coordinate system (X, Y), an azimuth angle theta is obtained; according to the azimuth angle theta and the coordinate transformation formula, the horizontal coordinate system (X, Y) is rotated and then a first new coordinate system X<1> Y<1> is obtained; a Z-axis of the coordinate system (X, Y, Z) and an X<1>-axis of the first new coordinate system X<1> Y<1> are used to form a second new coordinate system (X1, Z); and first arrival travel-times of microseismic waves generated from the microseism origin to every seismic geophone are calculated in the second new coordinate system (X<1>, Z).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum gas field of seismic exploration, specifically, relate to a kind of three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast of puppet of just drilling based on scanning plane, be mainly used in the micro-seismic monitoring of oil seismic exploration.
Background technology
Microearthquake Fracturing Monitoring technology is the important technology of the solution Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs exploitation that fast development is in recent years got up.Although 20 century 70s had carried out the monitoring of microearthquake pressure break, at that time just as experimental.Along with country is to the further attention of energy development and demand, micro-seismic monitoring plays vital effect with research to the exploitation that the unconventionaloil pool such as tight sand, shale is hidden.China has at least up to ten thousand mouthfuls of wells to need to do microearthquake Fracturing Monitoring every year.Micro-seismic technology is by analyzing from the microearthquake signal of fractured well in fracturing process (at present mainly refer to microearthquake primary travel time) of receiving the seismoreceiver in adjacent well, and the geometry describing crack growth in fracturing process distributes and fluid migration feature (height in such as crack, length and orientation).These information can design and improve Reservoir Management by Optimum Fracturing, thus improve the production capacity of oil gas field.
The technology part that in research, existence two is crucial is just being drilled: microearthquake model is set up and microearthquake primary travel time forward modelling in microearthquake.Owing to descending the media property in hydrocarbon-bearing pool region (the even whole earth's crust is inner) to show as complicated anisotropic character truly, therefore original microearthquake isotropic model accurately can not describe the physical attribute in hydrocarbon-bearing pool region.If microearthquake anisotropic model can not be developed and adopt original isotropic model, be then difficult to the primary travel time data (these data loggings are from the hydrocarbon-bearing pool with anisotropic feature) effectively utilized in real data.The microearthquake source location that may lead to errors based on the result of calculation of isotropic model and the distribution of fracture spaces geometry.
Microearthquake primary travel time forward modelling based on 3-D elastic anisotropic media model determines the efficiency of microearthquake seismic source location and fracture distribution calculating.Usually, there is the slow problem of counting yield in three-dimensional microearthquake wave primary travel time forward modelling.How to improve microearthquake wave primary travel time arithmetic speed and keep corresponding precision be microearthquake research in an important subject.
Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of method that pseudo-three-dimensional microearthquake fast of anisotropy just drilled based on scanning plane is just being drilled.
Summary of the invention
Microearthquake wave primary travel time forward modelling is current basis and prerequisite of carrying out microearthquake research.Effective microearthquake primary travel time calculates and can ensure carrying out smoothly of microearthquake later stage research (seismic source location of such as microearthquake).In addition, there is the slow problem of counting yield in the microearthquake wave whilst on tour forward modelling based on 3-D elastic anisotropic media.Therefore, propose the technology that a kind of three-dimensional microearthquake fast of puppet just drilled based on scanning plane is just being drilled, underground geologic bodies is assumed to be anisotropic medium.This technology have calculate microearthquake primary travel time accurately, the advantage such as fast operation and calculation stability, the development and utilization to hydrocarbon-bearing pool can be improved.The present invention relates to the methods such as the foundation of microearthquake model, coordinate system transformation and numerical simulation.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast of puppet of just drilling based on scanning plane is provided, said method comprising the steps of: set up three-dimensional transversely isotropic anisotropic model, the coordinate of anisotropic model is (X, Y, Z), anisotropic model is divided into multiple square grid, the inside of anisotropic model is provided with microearthquake focus, the upper surface of anisotropic model is laid with multiple seismoreceiver; Set up second vertical face to microearthquake focus and each seismoreceiver, second vertical face is vertical with the upper surface of anisotropic model, makes microearthquake focus and described each seismoreceiver be positioned on described second vertical face; By second vertical face vertical projection on the horizontal coordinates (X, Y) of anisotropic model, the horizontal coordinate under horizontal coordinates (X, Y) according to microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver, obtains azimuth angle theta; According to azimuth angle theta and coordinate transform formula, horizontal coordinates (X, Y) is rotated, obtain the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1), make microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver be positioned at the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) X
1in coordinate axis; Utilize the Z axis of coordinate system (X, Y, Z) and the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) X
1axle forms the second new coordinate system (X
1, Z); At the second new coordinate system (X
1, Z) under, calculate the microearthquake wave that sends from the microearthquake focus primary travel time to each seismoreceiver point.
Described anisotropic model can comprise the information about the anisotropic parameters of moulded dimension, size of mesh opening, each net point, microearthquake source location and seismoreceiver position.
Described anisotropic parameters can comprise vertical phase velocity and the Thomsen parameter ε and δ of microearthquake wave.
Coordinate transform formula can be:
Eikonal equation finite difference method can be adopted calculate the microearthquake wave that sends from microearthquake focus to the primary travel time of each seismoreceiver point.
Adopt eikonal equation finite difference method to calculate microearthquake wave can comprise to the step of the primary travel time of each seismoreceiver point: second vertical face is divided into multiple square net by (1), and microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are positioned on the net point in second vertical face, (2) using the perpendicular line at the microearthquake focus place on second vertical face as vertical edges boundary line, using the horizontal line at the microearthquake focus place on second vertical face as horizontal sides boundary line, (3) calculate according to the speed of the time of origin of microearthquake focus, mesh width and microearthquake wave the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives each net point in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line, (4) calculate according to the whilst on tour of two net points adjacent with microearthquake focus laid respectively in vertical edges boundary line and horizontal sides boundary line in the time of origin of microearthquake focus and described multiple square net the slope that microearthquake wave propagates, (5) according to the slope that microearthquake wave is propagated, the phase angle of microearthquake wave propagation is obtained by arctan function, (6) according to the phase angle of microearthquake wave propagation, the vertical phase velocity of microearthquake wave and Thomsen parameter ε and δ, microearthquake phase velocity of wave is calculated, (7) according to the whilst on tour of described two net points adjacent with microearthquake focus in the width of microearthquake phase velocity of wave, square net, the time of origin of microearthquake focus and square net, calculate microearthquake wave to the whilst on tour of another net point in the described multiple square net on second vertical face, another net point described is adjacent with described two net points and not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line, (8) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, (9) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, (10) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, (11) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, complete the first time scanning in second vertical face thus, (12) according to the mode identical with step (7), from the net point of the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face and anisotropic model roof intersection from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model top net lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, (13) according to the mode identical with step (7), from the net point of the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face and anisotropic model roof intersection from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model top net lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, complete the second time scanning in second vertical face thus, (14) according to the mode identical with step (7), the net point crossing with bottom anisotropic model from the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model bottom web lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face, (15) according to the mode identical with step (7), the net point crossing with bottom anisotropic model from the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model bottom web lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face, complete the third time scanning in second vertical face thus, wherein, in the scanning process each time in second vertical face, the whilst on tour that whilst on tour on each net point calculated and prior scans calculate on the described net point that obtains compares, retain minimum traveltimes, obtain the primary travel time that microearthquake wave arrives seismoreceiver thus.
In above-mentioned steps, by three scannings in second vertical face, finally get the minimum traveltimes of iterative computation, can further improve microearthquake and just drill precision.
Can using the initial whilst on tour of the time of origin of microearthquake focus as the net point in horizontal sides boundary line, iterative computation microearthquake wave arrives the whilst on tour of the net point in horizontal sides boundary line, wherein, for the ad hoc networks lattice point be positioned in horizontal sides boundary line, the speed according to the whilst on tour of the net point adjacent with described ad hoc networks lattice point in the horizontal sides boundary line calculated, mesh width and microearthquake wave calculates the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives the described ad hoc networks lattice point in horizontal sides boundary line.
Can using the initial whilst on tour of the time of origin of microearthquake focus as the net point in vertical edges boundary line, the whilst on tour of the net point in vertical edges boundary line is arrived with iterative computation microearthquake wave, wherein, for the ad hoc networks lattice point be positioned in vertical edges boundary line, the speed according to the whilst on tour of the net point adjacent with described ad hoc networks lattice point in the vertical edges boundary line calculated, mesh width and microearthquake wave calculates the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives the described ad hoc networks lattice point in vertical edges boundary line.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In conjunction with the drawings, from the description of the following examples, the present invention these and/or other side and advantage will become clear, and are easier to understand, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the pseudo-three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast of the anisotropy just drilled based on scanning plane according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows the microearthquake focus of the transversely isotropic anisotropic model of three-dimensional according to the present invention and the schematic diagram of seismoreceiver relation;
Fig. 3 shows by microearthquake focus S (x
0, y
0, z
0) and seismoreceiver R (x
1, y
1, z
1) second vertical face;
Fig. 4 is the subpoint S connecting microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver
1and R
1azimuthal schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are at the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) under the signal W of position scheme;
Fig. 6 is that microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are at the second new coordinate system (X
1, Z) under the schematic diagram of position;
Fig. 7 is the initialized schematic diagram of whilst on tour;
Fig. 8 illustrates the geometric representation of microearthquake wave primary travel time;
Fig. 9 illustrates the schematic diagram of the anisotropic model of three-dimensional five layers;
Figure 10 is the isogram of the primary travel time in anisotropic model;
Figure 11 is the curve of the primary travel time that earth's surface survey line obtains.
Embodiment
At the pseudo-three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast of anisotropy of just drilling based on scanning plane according to the present invention, dividing into groups by receiving geometry arrangement (being arranged in earth's surface or well) to microearthquake focus and each seismoreceiver, obtaining many second vertical faces.To each second vertical face, by vertical projection, vertical plane being projected to surface level, is at this moment straight line in the horizontal plane.Carry out rotating coordinate system conversion further, then utilize anisotropy eikonal equation method of finite difference to calculate microearthquake primary travel time.In computation process, devise three times at model top and model bottom and scan calculative strategy, guarantee that the whilst on tour obtained is minimum.
Describe in detail according to the pseudo-three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast of anisotropy of just drilling based on scanning plane of the present invention referring to Fig. 1.Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the pseudo-three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast of the anisotropy just drilled based on scanning plane according to the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, in step 101, set up three-dimensional transversely isotropic anisotropic model, coordinate is (X, Y, Z).Anisotropic model is divided into multiple square grid, the inside of anisotropic model is provided with microearthquake focus, the upper surface (expression earth's surface) of anisotropic model is laid with multiple seismoreceiver (each seismoreceiver is positioned in the respective grid points on the upper surface of anisotropic model).Described anisotropic model comprises moulded dimension, size of mesh opening, the anisotropic parameters of each net point, the information such as microearthquake source location and seismoreceiver position.Anisotropic parameters comprises the vertical phase velocity v of microearthquake wave
0and Thomsen parameter (ε and δ).
Fig. 2 shows the microearthquake focus (microseism point) of the transversely isotropic anisotropic model of three-dimensional according to the present invention and the schematic diagram of seismoreceiver relation.In fig. 2, S (x
0, y
0, z
0) represent microearthquake focus, R (x
1, y
1, z
1) represent seismoreceiver.The microearthquake wave that microearthquake focus sends is received by seismoreceiver and detects.
In step 102, second vertical face is set up to microearthquake focus and each seismoreceiver (being arranged in earth's surface or well), second vertical face is vertical with the upper surface of anisotropic model, and microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are positioned on this second vertical face.Fig. 3 shows one by microearthquake focus S (x
0, y
0, z
0) and seismoreceiver R (x
1, y
1, z
1) second vertical face, that is, microearthquake focus S (x
0, y
0, z
0) and seismoreceiver R (x
1, y
1, z
1) be positioned on this second vertical face.
In step 103, by second vertical face vertical projection on the horizontal coordinates (X, Y) of anisotropic model, microearthquake focus and the seismoreceiver subpoint coordinate on horizontal coordinates (X, Y) is respectively S
1(x
0, y
0) and R
1(x
1, y
1), then according to the horizontal coordinate of microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver, obtain azimuth angle theta.
Position angle
Fig. 4 is the subpoint S connecting microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver
1and R
1azimuthal schematic diagram.
In step 104, according to azimuth angle theta and coordinate transform formula, the horizontal coordinates (X, Y) to anisotropic model rotates, and obtains the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1), make microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver be positioned at the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) X
1in coordinate axis.Coordinate transform formula is as follows:
Through coordinate transform, microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are at the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) under coordinate be divided into
with
fig. 5 is that microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are at the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) under the schematic diagram of position.
In step 105, because microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are positioned at the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) X
1on axle, so utilize the Z axis of coordinate system (X, Y, Z) and the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) X
1axle forms new vertical coordinate system (X further
1, Z), i.e. the second new coordinate system (X
1, Z).At the second new coordinate system (X
1, Z) under, the coordinate of microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver becomes
with
fig. 6 is for microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are at the second new coordinate system (X
1, Z) under the schematic diagram of position.
In step 106, at the second new coordinate system (X
1, Z) under, calculate from microearthquake focus
the microearthquake wave sent is to each seismoreceiver point
primary travel time.Eikonal equation finite difference method can be adopted calculate from microearthquake focus
the microearthquake wave sent is to each seismoreceiver point
primary travel time.It is fast and stable that eikonal equation finite difference method compares other method computing velocity.
Be described below in detail and adopt eikonal equation finite difference method to calculate from microearthquake focus
the microearthquake wave sent is to each seismoreceiver point
the step of primary travel time.
Particularly, the step adopting eikonal equation finite difference method to calculate primary travel time can comprise: second vertical face is divided into multiple square net by (1), and microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are positioned on the net point in second vertical face, (2) using the perpendicular line at the microearthquake focus place on second vertical face as vertical edges boundary line, using the horizontal line at the microearthquake focus place on second vertical face as horizontal sides boundary line, (3) calculate according to the speed of the time of origin of microearthquake focus, mesh width and microearthquake wave the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives each net point in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line, (4) calculate according to the whilst on tour of two net points adjacent with microearthquake focus laid respectively in vertical edges boundary line and horizontal sides boundary line in the time of origin of microearthquake focus and described multiple square net the slope that microearthquake wave propagates, (5) according to the slope that microearthquake wave is propagated, the phase angle of microearthquake wave propagation is obtained by arctan function, (6) according to the phase angle of microearthquake wave propagation, the vertical phase velocity of microearthquake wave and Thomsen parameter ε and δ, microearthquake phase velocity of wave is calculated, (7) according to the whilst on tour of described two net points adjacent with microearthquake focus in the width of microearthquake phase velocity of wave, square net, the time of origin of microearthquake focus and square net, calculate microearthquake wave to the whilst on tour of another net point in the described multiple square net on second vertical face, another net point described is adjacent with described two net points and not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line, (8) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, (9) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, (10) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, (11) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, complete the first time scanning in second vertical face thus, (12) according to the mode identical with step (7), from the net point of the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face and anisotropic model roof intersection from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model top net lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, (13) according to the mode identical with step (7), from the net point of the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face and anisotropic model roof intersection from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model top net lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, complete the second time scanning in second vertical face thus, (14) according to the mode identical with step (7), the net point crossing with bottom anisotropic model from the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model bottom web lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face, (15) according to the mode identical with step (7), the net point crossing with bottom anisotropic model from the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model bottom web lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face, complete the third time scanning in second vertical face thus, wherein, in the scanning process each time in second vertical face, the whilst on tour that whilst on tour on each net point calculated and prior scans calculate on the described net point that obtains compares, retain minimum traveltimes, obtain the primary travel time that microearthquake wave arrives seismoreceiver thus.
In above-mentioned steps, by three scannings in second vertical face, finally get the minimum traveltimes of iterative computation, can further improve microearthquake and just drill precision.
Using the initial whilst on tour of the time of origin of microearthquake focus as the net point in horizontal sides boundary line, the whilst on tour of the net point in horizontal sides boundary line can be arrived with iterative computation microearthquake wave; For the ad hoc networks lattice point be positioned in horizontal sides boundary line (correspondingly, microearthquake wave phase angle is 0 °), the speed according to the whilst on tour of the net point adjacent with described ad hoc networks lattice point in the horizontal sides boundary line calculated, mesh width and microearthquake wave calculates the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives the described ad hoc networks lattice point in horizontal sides boundary line.
Similarly, using the initial whilst on tour of the time of origin of microearthquake focus as the net point in vertical edges boundary line, the whilst on tour of the net point in vertical edges boundary line can be arrived with iterative computation microearthquake wave; For the ad hoc networks lattice point be positioned in vertical edges boundary line (correspondingly, microearthquake wave phase angle is 90 °), the speed according to the whilst on tour of the net point adjacent with described ad hoc networks lattice point in the vertical edges boundary line calculated, mesh width and microearthquake wave calculates the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives the described ad hoc networks lattice point in vertical edges boundary line.
Fig. 7 is the initialized schematic diagram of whilst on tour.As shown in Figure 7, suppose that microearthquake focus is positioned at T
0net point, T
0for the time of origin of microearthquake focus.Mesh width h and the microearthquake wave propagation velocity in second vertical face are known, then can utilize equation T
1=T
0+ hs (0 °) calculates the first initial whilst on tour T
1, the like can calculate the whilst on tour (black triangle represents) of the upper net point of all L1 lines (horizontal sides boundary line).S (0 °) refers to the slowness in horizontal direction.T can be utilized
2=T
0+ hs (90 °) calculates the second initial whilst on tour T
2, the like can calculate the whilst on tour (black circle represents) of the upper net point of all C0 lines (vertical edges boundary line).S (90 °) refers to the slowness in vertical direction.The whilst on tour of each net point is just as initial value above, can be iterated renewal in net point scanning process subsequently.
The iterative computation of the whilst on tour of each net point is specifically described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and formula.T above
0and the T calculated
1and T
2can be used as the whilst on tour initial value of iterative computation.
Assuming that the anisotropic parameters of microearthquake wave (that is, the vertical phase velocity v of microearthquake wave
0and Thomsen parameter ε and δ) be constant in each square net unit, and suppose that microearthquake wave is outwards propagated with plane wave form according to phase velocity (V (α)), wherein, α is microearthquake wave phase angle.Once phase angle α is determined, then can calculate phase velocity V (α), then calculate the primary travel time that microearthquake wave arrives each seismoreceiver further.
Method in Transverse Isotropic Medium weak-moderate anisotropy situation under, the calculation expression of microearthquake phase velocity of wave V (α) is:
V(α)=v
0(1+δsin
2α+(ε-δ)sin
4α) (2)
Can find out, microearthquake wave is different along the phase velocity of each direction of propagation.
The eikonal equation of two dimension isotropic medium is as follows:
Wherein, τ represents the time.
The approximate form that can obtain the eikonal equation of Two-dimensional Anisotropic Body from the eikonal equation of two-dimentional isotropic medium is as follows:
In eikonal equation finite difference method, calculate microearthquake wave to the unknown whilst on tour (another net point described is not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edge boundary line) of another net point adjacent with described three net points in second vertical face according to microearthquake wave to the whilst on tour of three net points being positioned at second vertical face.
As shown in Figure 7, t
0, t
1and t
2for known microearthquake wave is to the known whilst on tour of three net points in second vertical face, microearthquake wave is asked to another one net point whilst on tour t for waiting, the square net width in second vertical face is h.
The slope of microearthquake wave propagation is calculated by following formula:
Then the phase angle α of microearthquake wave propagation is obtained by arctan function.Phase angle α is updated to phase velocity computing formula (2), thus obtains phase velocity V (α).Further phase velocity V (α) is substituted into following formula:
Thus, can show that microearthquake wave arrives the whilst on tour t of another one net point.
Then according to identical mode, on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated; According to identical mode, on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated; According to identical mode, on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated; According to identical mode, on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, complete the first time scanning in second vertical face thus.
Then according to identical mode, from the net point of the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face and anisotropic model roof intersection from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model top net lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, according to identical mode, from the net point of the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face and anisotropic model roof intersection from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model top net lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, complete the second time scanning in second vertical face thus.
Then according to identical mode, the net point crossing with bottom anisotropic model from the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model bottom web lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face, according to identical mode, the net point crossing with bottom anisotropic model from the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model bottom web lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face, complete the third time scanning in second vertical face thus.
In the scanning process each time in second vertical face, the whilst on tour that whilst on tour on each net point calculated and prior scans calculate on the described net point that obtains compares, retain minimum traveltimes, obtain the primary travel time that microearthquake wave arrives seismoreceiver thus.
As mentioned above, in first time scanning (iterative computation), T can be utilized
0, T
1and T
2respectively as t
0, t
1and t
2initial value calculate.In addition, for the ad hoc networks lattice point be positioned in horizontal sides boundary line or vertical edges boundary line (correspondingly, microearthquake wave phase angle is 0 ° or 90 °), can calculate according to the speed of the whilst on tour of the net point adjacent with described ad hoc networks lattice point in the horizontal sides boundary line calculated or vertical edges boundary line, mesh width and microearthquake wave the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives the described ad hoc networks lattice point in horizontal sides boundary line or vertical edges boundary line; For the net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edge boundary line, the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives described net point can be calculated, until complete the scanning in whole second vertical face according to iterative formula (6).
The present invention be applied in three-dimensional five layers of anisotropic medium model, set up three-dimensional transversely isotropic anisotropic model, each layer model anisotropic parameters is as shown in the table:
Table 1 model anisotropic parameter
| The number of plies | v 0 | ε | δ |
| 1 | 2000 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 2400 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| 3 | 2800 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| 4 | 3000 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| 5 | 3500 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
The second new coordinate system (X is obtained through coordinate transform
1, Z) under moulded dimension be 3000 × 2000, i.e. long 3000 meters, dark 2000 meters (three-dimensional shown in Figure 9 five layers of anisotropic model) of model.Size of mesh opening is 2 meters, and microearthquake source location is net point (1000,980), as shown in the asterisk in Fig. 9.The each net point in earth's surface is provided with a seismoreceiver, and dotted line represents survey line.Through the microearthquake forward modeling method that the present invention proposes, primary travel time can be calculated quickly and accurately.
Figure 10 is the isogram of the primary travel time in anisotropic model, and Figure 11 is the curve of the primary travel time that earth's surface survey line obtains.
Model experiment shows, the three-dimensional microearthquake Forward technology fast of puppet of just drilling based on scanning plane according to the present invention not only maintains the accurate of microearthquake primary travel time calculating, and there is the advantage such as fast operation and calculation stability, drastically increase the positioning precision of micro-seismic monitoring.
The present invention is applicable to the independent development of micro-seismic monitoring software systems.Shale gas reservoir has stronger anisotropic character, and have important impact to positioning precision, the present invention can by based on anisotropic forward modeling method, the microearthquake Real-Time Monitoring later to microearthquake and fine processing, recording geometry design etc. have stronger practice guiding action afterwards.
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to its exemplary embodiment and shows, but will be understood by those skilled in the art that, when not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention be defined by the claims, the various changes of form and details can be carried out to it.
Claims (5)
1., based on the three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast of puppet that scanning plane is just being drilled, comprise the following steps:
Set up three-dimensional transversely isotropic anisotropic model, the coordinate of anisotropic model is (X, Y, Z), anisotropic model is divided into multiple square grid, the inside of anisotropic model is provided with microearthquake focus, the upper surface of anisotropic model is provided with multiple seismoreceiver;
Set up second vertical face to microearthquake focus and each seismoreceiver, second vertical face is vertical with the upper surface of anisotropic model, makes microearthquake focus and described each seismoreceiver be positioned on described second vertical face;
By second vertical face vertical projection on the horizontal coordinates (X, Y) of anisotropic model, the horizontal coordinate under horizontal coordinates (X, Y) according to microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver, obtains azimuth angle theta;
According to azimuth angle theta and coordinate transform formula, horizontal coordinates (X, Y) is rotated, obtain the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1), make microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver be positioned at the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) X
1in coordinate axis;
Utilize the Z axis of coordinate system (X, Y, Z) and the first new coordinate system (X
1, Y
1) X
1axle forms the second new coordinate system (X
1, Z);
At the second new coordinate system (X
1, Z) under, calculate the microearthquake wave that sends from the microearthquake focus primary travel time to each seismoreceiver point,
Wherein, coordinate transform formula is:
Wherein, the microearthquake wave adopting eikonal equation finite difference method to calculate to send from microearthquake focus to the primary travel time of each seismoreceiver point,
Wherein, adopt eikonal equation finite difference method to calculate microearthquake wave to comprise to the step of the primary travel time of each seismoreceiver point:
(1) second vertical face is divided into multiple square net, microearthquake focus and seismoreceiver are positioned on the net point in second vertical face;
(2) using the perpendicular line at the microearthquake focus place on second vertical face as vertical edges boundary line, using the horizontal line at the microearthquake focus place on second vertical face as horizontal sides boundary line;
(3) calculate according to the speed of the time of origin of microearthquake focus, mesh width and microearthquake wave the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives each net point in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line;
(4) calculate according to the whilst on tour of two net points adjacent with microearthquake focus laid respectively in vertical edges boundary line and horizontal sides boundary line in the time of origin of microearthquake focus and described multiple square net the slope that microearthquake wave propagates;
(5) according to the slope that microearthquake wave is propagated, the phase angle of microearthquake wave propagation is obtained by arctan function;
(6) according to the phase angle of microearthquake wave propagation, the vertical phase velocity of microearthquake wave and Thomsen parameter ε and δ, microearthquake phase velocity of wave is calculated;
(7) according to the whilst on tour of described two net points adjacent with microearthquake focus in the width of microearthquake phase velocity of wave, square net, the time of origin of microearthquake focus and square net, calculate microearthquake wave to the whilst on tour of another net point in the described multiple square net on second vertical face, another net point described is adjacent with described two net points and not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line;
(8) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated;
(9) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated;
(10) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated;
(11) according to the mode identical with step (7), on second vertical face from microearthquake focus from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, for other net point not in horizontal sides boundary line and vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, complete the first time scanning in second vertical face thus;
(12) according to the mode identical with step (7), from the net point of the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face and anisotropic model roof intersection from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model top net lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face,
(13) according to the mode identical with step (7), from the net point of the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face and anisotropic model roof intersection from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model top net lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point bottom anisotropic model on second vertical face, complete the second time scanning in second vertical face thus,
(14) according to the mode identical with step (7), the net point crossing with bottom anisotropic model from the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face from top to bottom and from left to right carry out iterative computation, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model bottom web lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face,
(15) according to the mode identical with step (7), the net point crossing with bottom anisotropic model from the vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face from top to bottom and carry out iterative computation from right to left, using the primary travel time of the anisotropic model bottom web lattice point previously calculated as initial value, for other net point not in vertical edges boundary line on second vertical face, the whilst on tour of other net point described is calculated according to the whilst on tour of three net points adjacent with other net point described calculated, until calculate the primary travel time being positioned at the net point at anisotropic model top on second vertical face, complete the third time scanning in second vertical face thus,
Wherein, in the scanning process each time in second vertical face, the whilst on tour that whilst on tour on each net point calculated and prior scans calculate on the described net point that obtains compares, and retains minimum traveltimes, obtains the primary travel time that microearthquake wave arrives seismoreceiver thus.
2. pseudo-three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast according to claim 1, wherein, described anisotropic model comprises the information about the anisotropic parameters of moulded dimension, size of mesh opening, each net point, microearthquake source location and seismoreceiver position.
3. pseudo-three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast according to claim 2, wherein, described anisotropic parameters comprises vertical phase velocity and the Thomsen parameter ε and δ of microearthquake wave.
4. pseudo-three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast according to claim 1, wherein, using the initial whilst on tour of the time of origin of microearthquake focus as the net point in horizontal sides boundary line, iterative computation microearthquake wave arrives the whilst on tour of the net point in horizontal sides boundary line,
Wherein, for the ad hoc networks lattice point be positioned in horizontal sides boundary line, the speed according to the whilst on tour of the net point adjacent with described ad hoc networks lattice point in the horizontal sides boundary line calculated, mesh width and microearthquake wave calculates the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives the described ad hoc networks lattice point in horizontal sides boundary line.
5. pseudo-three-dimensional microearthquake forward modeling method fast according to claim 1, wherein, using the initial whilst on tour of the time of origin of microearthquake focus as the net point in vertical edges boundary line, arrive the whilst on tour of the net point in vertical edges boundary line with iterative computation microearthquake wave
Wherein, for the ad hoc networks lattice point be positioned in vertical edges boundary line, the speed according to the whilst on tour of the net point adjacent with described ad hoc networks lattice point in the vertical edges boundary line calculated, mesh width and microearthquake wave calculates the whilst on tour that microearthquake wave arrives the described ad hoc networks lattice point in vertical edges boundary line.
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