CN102841233A - Secondary current compensation method for current mutual inductors - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a secondary current compensation method for current mutual inductors. The method comprises the steps specifically as follows: making a large amount of experiments on current mutual inductors in the same batch to obtain typical input and output curves of the current mutual inductors; conducting segmentation and fitting on the output curve of the current mutual inductors under a given error; calculating a compensation coefficient of each segment; and writing the compensation coefficients into signal collecting software. By adopting the secondary current compensating method for current mutual inductors, the problem of the current mutual inductors in inaccurate detection under large currents can be well solved, and accurate measurement values can be obtained through compensation even in condition of large currents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a current compensation method, in particular to a secondary current compensation method of a current transformer.
Background
With the development of modern society production and life, digitization and intellectualization of traditional switching appliances become a necessary trend. The parameters of current, voltage and the like of the power system operation site can not be directly acquired and processed by a central processing module of the digital controller, but are converted into corresponding electric quantity signals by transformers (such as a current transformer, a voltage transformer and the like) and then sent into a measured channel, and the electric quantity signals are further conditioned and then sent to an A/D converter to be converted into digital quantities which can be received and processed by a central processing unit and a control model. With the improvement of the performance of the processor, the influence of the electronic circuit on the accuracy of signal acquisition and the action performance of the switching device is smaller and smaller, and therefore, due to the limitation of the nonlinear characteristic of the current transformer, the transmission error of the current transformer becomes a decisive factor influencing the action characteristic of the switching device.
The current check is often required in various electrical equipment and instruments, and the standards and ranges of current detection for different equipment are different: the common instruments only need to detect smaller current within the rated current range; the motor protector only needs to detect the current within 5 times of the rated current; the electronic overload relay only needs to detect current within 7.2 times; the control and protection switching device can detect not only the rated current of 7.2 times during overload but also the current of 6-12 times of the timing protection, and in some products with certain specifications, the highest detection current can reach kilo-ampere and is hundreds of times of the lowest detection current.
Due to the limitation of small switch size, the current transformer has limited design size, and linear detection of current in such a large current variation range is almost impossible in consideration of the saturation characteristic of the current transformer. Therefore, when the current transformer detects a large current, the secondary current usually needs a certain compensation to reflect the primary current value more truly and reliably.
Conventional compensation methods can be divided into two broad categories, passive compensation and active compensation. There are many passive compensation methods, such as turn compensation, parallel capacitance compensation, etc., but these compensations can only translate the error wireless, but can not change the shape of the error curve, and because of the factors such as the cost and size of the current transformer, this compensation method is too limited, especially when the current transformer is saturated, the effect obtained by this compensation method is very weak. The basic idea of active compensation is to extract or simulate the exciting current of a current transformer by a certain method, then generate the exciting current equal to the current transformer by an electronic circuit, and inject the exciting current into a secondary circuit, thereby compensating the secondary current. However, this compensation method also has disadvantages, such as the need to add electronic circuits, complex structure, inconvenient debugging, difficult implementation, etc.
Therefore, if the software compensation based on the input and output curves of the current transformer can be realized, the more ideal output of the secondary current of the current transformer can be obtained through the segmented compensation of the input and output curves. The method has the advantages of simple principle, convenient realization, no need of peripheral circuits and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a secondary current compensation method for a current transformer, which can enable the output characteristic of the current transformer to still meet the requirement of system design through classification and secondary current compensation of the current transformer under the condition of saturation of the current transformer.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a secondary current compensation method for a current transformer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing experiments on the current transformers in the same batch to obtain input and output curves of the current transformers;
(2) segmenting and fitting an output curve of the current transformer;
(3) calculating a compensation coefficient of each section;
(4) and writing the compensation coefficient into the signal acquisition software.
In the invention, the step (1) is specifically operated as follows:
1) classifying the current transformers made of the same material or processed in the same batch;
2) randomly extracting 10 current transformers according to a sampling method;
3) respectively conducting rated currents of different multiples to the primary side of each current transformer, and recording rated voltages of the secondary sides of the current transformers;
4) calculating the average value of the secondary side voltages of the current transformers at different multiples of rated current of the primary sides of the different current transformers, and recording the average value; and drawing an input and output characteristic curve of the current transformer, wherein the abscissa is a multiple of the rated current of the current transformer, and the ordinate is the secondary side voltage.
In the invention, the step (2) is specifically operated as follows:
1) starting from the 1 st point of the input-output characteristic curve of the current transformer, connecting the 1 st point and the 3 rd point to form a straight line L1, and solving a straight line equation;
2) then obtaining a straight line L2 parallel to the straight line L1 at the 2 nd point;
3) further, a straight line L3 parallel to L1 and L2 and having the same distance to them is obtained, and a straight line L3 is fitted to the points 1, 2 and 3;
4) the fitting errors of points 1, 2, and 3 are calculated, and it is easy to geometrically prove that the error of point 1 is the largest and is recorded as
Then with a given error
Comparing;
5) if it is notThen, a first segment of the curve segment is generated, that is, all points before the end point of the straight line L1 constitute a segment, and then the step 1) is continued with the end point of the first segment as the starting point 1 of the next segment); if it is not
If the point between the straight line L1 and the straight line L2 is basically linear, the error meets the requirement, and the step 5) is continuously executed;
6) connecting the 1 st point and the next point (the 4 th point) to form a new L1, and solving the linear equation;
7) calculating a point Q with the largest distance from two end points of L1 to L1, and then drawing a straight line L2 parallel to L1 through Q; further making L3 parallel to L1 and L2 at equal distances, and considering L3 as a new fitted curve;
8) calculate the fitting error of the starting point (point 1) of L1
Repeating the step 5);
9) until all measured data are calculated and the segmentation is completed.
In the invention, the step (3) is specifically operated as follows:
1) calculating a curve equation before compensation;
（1）
wherein:the voltage of the secondary side of the current transformer is measured;
is a multiple of rated current;
and
is a curve coefficient.
2) Calculating a curve equation of the compensated ideal curve;
wherein:
the secondary side voltage of the current transformer under the ideal condition is as follows: a compensated output voltage;
is a multiple of rated current;
is idealThe coefficient of the curve.
3) Obtaining a correction formula of the secondary current by combining two equations to obtain a compensation coefficient;
（3）
wherein,，andcan be calculated by a program based on the existing test data. Further order
，
Referred to as compensation factors. Equation (3) can be rewritten as:
wherein:
the secondary side voltage of the current transformer is ideally,
is the measured voltage of the secondary side of the current transformer,
，
is a compensation factor.
In the invention, the step (4) is specifically operated as follows:
1) writing the compensation coefficient into an EEPROM and programming the compensation coefficient into a signal acquisition device;
2) when the current is collected by the collecting device, firstly, the current section where the signal is located is judged;
3) then looking up a table to obtain a compensation coefficient;
4) and correcting the acquired signal by using a compensation formula to obtain new current.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the secondary current compensation method of the current transformer, the problem that the current transformer is inaccurate in detection under a large current can be well solved. The method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out segmentation fitting on a curve to obtain a compensation formula of each segment, and then implanting the compensation formula of each segment into a current calculation program of a processing unit in the form of codes according to the segmentation information of a typical curve. During real-time measurement, a program can automatically judge which section the current measured value is located in, and then a corresponding compensation algorithm is started for compensation, so that a more accurate measured value is obtained, and under the condition of large current, the accurate measured value can be obtained through compensation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a flow chart of a compensation method of the present patent;
FIG. 2 is an experimental curve of input and output effective values of a current transformer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a current transformer curve;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current transformer curve multiple segmentation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of compensation of a fitted curve;
FIG. 6 is an example of the segmentation and fitting of a curve;
fig. 7 is a compensated current transformer curve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, there is shown a block diagram of a detailed flow chart of the secondary current compensation method of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the input and output effective value experimental curve of the current transformer is shown.
As shown in the figure, the secondary current is converted into a voltage value through a sampling resistor in order to facilitate signal acquisition and processing of a hardware circuit.
It is clear from the figure that when the detected current becomes larger, the rising of the secondary current output curve tends to be gentle, the value of the secondary current output curve is no longer linear with the input detected current, and the error of current detection increases unacceptably with further increase of current. In order to solve the problem, the secondary current is corrected in a software compensation mode, so that the measured current which changes in a linear relation with the actual primary current is obtained.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a schematic diagram of a piecewise fit of a current transformer curve is shown.
Because of the serious nonlinearity of the output curve, the curve must be segmented firstly to fit the curve as accurately as possible, and then each segment of the curve is fitted respectively to obtain a fitting equation set of the curve. The basic requirements for curve segmentation are: on the premise of meeting the error requirement, the number of segments is as small as possible. The following introduces a method for automatically segmenting software with controllable error range, which comprises the following steps:
1) starting from the 1 st point of the measured data, connecting the 1 st point and the 3 rd point to form a straight line L1, and solving a straight line equation;
2) then obtaining a straight line L2 parallel to the straight line L1 at the 2 nd point;
3) further, a straight line L3 parallel to L1 and L2 and having the same distance to them is obtained, and a straight line L3 is fitted to the points 1, 2 and 3;
4) the fitting errors of points 1, 2, and 3 are calculated, and it is easy to geometrically prove that the error of point 1 is the largest and is recorded as
Then with a given error
And (6) comparing.
5) If it is not
Then generate the first segment of the curve segment, i.e. all points before the end point of L1 constitute a segment, and then continue step 1 with the end point of the first segment as the starting point 1 of the next segment); if it is not
If the point between L1 and L2 is basically linear, the error meets the requirement, and the step 5) is continuously executed;
6) connecting the 1 st point and the next point (the 4 th point) to form a new L1, and solving the linear equation;
7) calculating a point Q with the largest distance from two end points of L1 to L1, and then drawing a straight line L2 parallel to L1 through Q; further making L3 parallel to L1 and L2 at equal distances, and considering L3 as a new fitted curve;
8) calculate the simulation of the starting point (point 1) of L1Resultant error
Repeating the step 5);
9) until all measured data are calculated and the segmentation is completed.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a measured curve segmented under a given error range by a linear error band method. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of multiple segmentation. It can be proved that the error of each point in the linear error band after compensation is not higher than the fitting error of each point in the error band before compensation. And the upper limit of the fitting error may be given manually.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of compensation of the fitted curve is shown.
After the experimental data are segmented and fitted according to the steps, the next work is to compensate the fitted curve. Compensation is to correct the function value on the fitting curve and make the corrected value meet the error requirement of current measurement. Taking a section of the fitted curve as an example, the method for realizing the digital compensation is explained in detail below. As shown in fig. 4.
The equation of the fitting curve ab segment before compensation is set as:
the compensated curve can be approximated as an ideal output curve, and the linear equation is as follows:
(2)
simultaneous equations (1) and (2) can obtain a correction formula for the secondary current measurement:
in the formula (3), the reaction mixture is,
，
andcan be calculated by a program based on the existing test data. Further order
，
Referred to as compensation factors. Equation (3) can be rewritten as:
（4）
the formula (4) is a compensation formula of the secondary current, when the measured value of the secondary current (converted into a voltage value) falls in the ab interval, the measured value is corrected by the formula (4), and the corrected measured value is close to an ideal value, so that the size of the measured primary current can be accurately obtained. Obviously, the method is also suitable for error compensation of other curve segments, only corresponding to each segment
And
are not identical and of each segmentThe compensation coefficient can be calculated by a program.
Example 2
Take the input-output characteristic curve of a certain current transformer in fig. 2 as an example. The curve is obtained by performing a large number of experiments on current transformers of the same specification and the same batch, and has typicality. The range of current testing is 6A-600A, and 35 test points are used in total. According to observation of the experimental curve and calculation of experimental data, when the input current is 6A-150A, the actual output curve is very close to the ideal curve, namely, the inspection of the secondary current can truly reflect the size of the primary current, so that correction is not needed. However, as the primary current increases from 100A, the secondary current cannot increase linearly due to the saturation effect of the current transformer, resulting in a large error, and the measurement result needs to be corrected.
Given control error
=5%, the curve obtained by the automatic piecewise fitting procedure is segmented into 4 segments, the fitting equations are in the form of the formula (1), and the specific data are as follows:
TABLE 1 Curve segmentation and fitting parameters
| Number of stages | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| a1（V/I） | — | 2.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
| b1（mV） | — | 122.1 | 443.7 | 625.6 |
| Range of primary current | 0~102A | 102~208A | 208~402A | 402~603A |
The fitted curve is shown in fig. 6.
The compensation coefficients of the sections are obtained through further calculation as follows:
TABLE 2 Compensation parameters
| Number of stages | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
 |
1 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 5.6 |
 |
0 | -184.2 | -1450.6 | -3506.1 |
The data obtained by the raw data after being compensated according to the parameters in table 2 through the formula (4) is shown in fig. 7.
And taking the head and tail points of each segment and the point which is farthest from the fitted straight line between the head and tail points as the characteristic points of error calculation. It is easy to prove that the maximum error of all points falling on each segment necessarily occurs among the above 3 points. As in table 3.
TABLE 3 error calculation
| Primary current (A) | 100.6 | 152.0 | 208.0 | 326.0 | 402.0 | 452.0 | 603.0 |
| Second order voltage measurement (mV) | 361.0 | 537.0 | 672.0 | 831.0 | 900.0 | 946.0 | 1040 |
| Second order Voltage fitting value (mV) | 379.0 | 519.0 | 679.6 | 818.4 | 905.6 | 940.4 | 1045.3 |
| Second order voltage compensation value (mV) | 380.3 | 621.3 | 782.8 | 1266.8 | 1533.9 | 1791.5 | 2317.9 |
| Ideal value of secondary voltage (mV) | 394.7 | 596.3 | 816.0 | 1278.9 | 1577.1 | 1773.2 | 2365.6 |
| Error before compensation (%) | -9.3 | -11.0 | -21.4 | -53.9 | -75.2 | -87.4 | -127.5 |
| Compensated error (%) | -3.8 | 4.0 | -4.2 | -1.0 | -2.8 | 1.0 | -2.0 |
The data in Table 3 show that a given control errorAnd the curve is divided into four sections, the maximum error of each section after compensation does not exceed 5%, and compared with the error before compensation, the error after compensation by the digital algorithm is greatly improved, so that the problem that the current transformer cannot perform large-range linear detection is well solved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention in its broader aspects and, therefore, the present invention is not to be considered as limited to the above embodiments, but rather, the present invention is to be construed as limited to the modifications and variations thereof within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A secondary current compensation method of a current transformer is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) performing experiments on the current transformers in the same batch to obtain input and output curves of the current transformers;
(2) segmenting and fitting an output curve of the current transformer;
(3) calculating a compensation coefficient of each section;
(4) and writing the compensation coefficient into the signal acquisition software.
2. The secondary current compensation method of the current transformer according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) is specifically operated as follows:
(1) classifying the current transformers made of the same material or processed in the same batch;
(2) randomly extracting 10 current transformers according to a sampling method;
(3) respectively conducting rated currents of different multiples to the primary side of each current transformer, and recording rated voltages of the secondary sides of the current transformers;
(4) calculating the average value of the secondary side voltages of the current transformers at different multiples of rated current of the primary sides of the different current transformers, and recording the average value; and drawing an input and output characteristic curve of the current transformer, wherein the abscissa is a multiple of the rated current of the current transformer, and the ordinate is the secondary side voltage.
3. The secondary current compensation method of the current transformer according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) is specifically operated as follows:
(1) starting from the 1 st point of the input-output characteristic curve of the current transformer, connecting the 1 st point and the 3 rd point to form a straight line L1, and solving a straight line equation;
(2) then obtaining a straight line L2 parallel to the straight line L1 at the 2 nd point;
(3) further, a straight line L3 parallel to L1 and L2 and having the same distance to them is obtained, and a straight line L3 is fitted to the points 1, 2 and 3;
(4) the fitting errors of points 1, 2, and 3 are calculated, and it is easy to geometrically prove that the error of point 1 is the largest and is recorded as
Then with a given errorComparing;
(5) if it is not
Generating a first segment of the curve segment, namely all points before the end point of the straight line L1 form a segment, and continuing the step (1) by taking the end point of the first segment as the starting point 1 of the next segment; if it is not
If the point between the straight line L1 and the straight line L2 is basically linear, the error meets the requirement, and the step (5) is continuously executed;
(6) connecting the 1 st point and the next point, namely the 4 th point to form a new L1, and solving the linear equation;
(7) calculating a point Q with the largest distance from two end points of L1 to L1, and then drawing a straight line L2 parallel to L1 through Q; further making L3 parallel to L1 and L2 at equal distances, and considering L3 as a new fitted curve;
(8) calculate the fitting error of the starting point of L1, i.e. the 1 st point
Repeating the step (5);
(9) until all measured data are calculated and the segmentation is completed.
4. The secondary current compensation method of the current transformer according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) is specifically operated as follows:
(1) calculating a curve equation before compensation;
wherein:the voltage of the secondary side of the current transformer is measured;
is a multiple of rated current;
and
is a curve coefficient;
(2) calculating a curve equation of the compensated ideal curve;
wherein:
the secondary side voltage of the current transformer under the ideal condition is as follows: a compensated output voltage;
is a multiple of rated current;
is an ideal curve coefficient;
(3) obtaining a correction formula of the secondary current by combining two equations to obtain a compensation coefficient;
wherein,
，
and
can be calculated by a program based on the existing test data; further order
，
Referred to as compensation factors; equation (3) is rewritten as:
wherein:
the secondary side voltage of the current transformer is ideally,is the measured voltage of the secondary side of the current transformer,
，
is a compensation factor.
5. The secondary current compensation method of the current transformer according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) is specifically operated as follows:
(1) writing the compensation coefficient into an EEPROM and programming the compensation coefficient into a signal acquisition device;
(2) when the current is collected by the collecting device, firstly, the current section where the signal is located is judged;
(3) then looking up a table to obtain a compensation coefficient;
(4) and correcting the acquired signal by using a compensation formula to obtain new current.
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| CN105093160A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-25 | 宁波三星电气股份有限公司 | Segmented compensation method for errors of electric energy meter |
| CN105866721A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-08-17 | 海盐新跃电器有限公司 | Method for correcting full scale of clamp ammeter |
| CN107817462A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-03-20 | 苏州万龙电气集团股份有限公司 | A kind of breaker of plastic casing transformer current linear compensation method |
| CN107831352A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-03-23 | 德力西电气有限公司 | A kind of breaker and current measuring method with ribbon core current transformer |
| CN108680776A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-19 | 浙江中凯科技股份有限公司 | A kind of compensation system and equipment of electric signal |
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| CN104698251A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-10 | Ls产电株式会社 | Power device including current transformer and method for compensating of current transformer |
| CN104698251B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2017-10-27 | Ls产电株式会社 | Include the compensation method of the electric device and current transformer of current transformer |
| CN105093160A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-25 | 宁波三星电气股份有限公司 | Segmented compensation method for errors of electric energy meter |
| CN105093160B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2018-03-20 | 宁波三星医疗电气股份有限公司 | A kind of electric energy meter error segmented compensation method |
| CN105866721A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-08-17 | 海盐新跃电器有限公司 | Method for correcting full scale of clamp ammeter |
| CN105866721B (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2018-09-21 | 海盐新跃电器有限公司 | A kind of modification method of electric current split-core type meter gamut |
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| CN113687291A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-23 | 浙江大学 | Secondary side current compensation method and device of current transformer and electronic equipment |
| CN115078820A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-09-20 | 石家庄科林电气股份有限公司 | Saturation processing method for protection current transformer of low-voltage intelligent circuit breaker |
| CN115078820B (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-18 | 石家庄科林电气股份有限公司 | Saturation processing method for protection current transformer of low-voltage intelligent circuit breaker |
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