With the CFBB of independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger
Technical field
The present invention relates to large-size circulating fluidized bed technology, particularly large circulating fluidized bed boiler technology.
Background technology
Along with the raising of CFBB capacity and steam parameter, the unbalanced increase of heat release and heat absorption in stove will cause the Layout Problem of heating surface, effective solution is exactly arrange external heat exchanger at main circulation loop at present, on the one hand heating surface by transferring to outside stove in stove, efficiently solve the sealing be placed in by heating surface in burner hearth, expansion and wear problem, add the runing adjustment means of bed temperature and steam temperature on the other hand, make boiler more easily adapt to varying load condition requirement.Lurgi and Alstom company uses external heat exchanger to solve the problem of heating surface deficiency, but regulate the ash control valve requirement on machining accuracy entering external heat exchanger circulating ash quantity high, and main dependence on import, expensive, this brings certain difficulty to the maintenance of external heat exchanger and cost of investment.Chinese patent CN00238546.5 discloses a kind of outer circulation compact splitting-type returning ash heat exchanger being applied to large circulating fluidized bed boiler, regulate high temperature to return ash quantity and low temperature by regulating Fluidization wind rate and return ratio between ash quantity, but only adopt single external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger, make to be subject to certain restrictions the demand of elevated steam conditions grade.
When Boiler Steam parameter reaches higher parameter level, as supercritical parameter 460MW (27.5MPa/560/580 DEG C) or ultra supercritical parameter 800MW (30.9MPa/604/621 DEG C), if still adopt conventional single external external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger cannot meet the requirement of elevated steam conditions grade, now need to design novel external fluid-bed heat exchanger.In order to improve Boiler Steam parameter further, international monopoly WO2007/128883 discloses a kind of fluidized bed exchanger for CFBB and has the CFBB of fluidized bed exchanger, to connect up and down in main circulation loop two heat-exchanging chambers, in utilization, the heat of outer circulation solid particle obtains higher steam parameter, this heat exchanger arrangement is that the maximization of CFBB provides advantage, but namely enter second level Heat Room after the cryogenic particles after the room heat exchange of first order external circulation heat exchanging does not fully mix with the high-temperature particle entered from burner hearth bottom, this problem causing thermal deviation large by causing diverse location place in the Heat Room of the second level uneven due to heat exchange.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of CFBB with independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger, to overcome the deficiency of existing external fluid-bed heat exchanger, the heat making full use of slag at the bottom of inside and outside cyclic high-temperature solid particle and burner hearth meets more high-grade steam parameter requirement, provides a kind of close-coupled novel furnace structure for the maximization of CFBB and high parameterization develop.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of CFBB with independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger, comprise the burner hearth 2, cyclone separator 3, the back-end ductwork that is connected with cyclone separator 3 exhanst gas outlet that connect successively, and the material returning device 4 to be connected with cyclone separator 3 solid outlet, wherein be provided with air compartment 1 bottom burner hearth 2, it also comprises at least one external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 and an ICFB heat exchanger 7
External circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 comprises: premixer 61 and the first Heat Room 63; Air compartment 6 is provided with " bottom premixer 61; Be provided with air compartment 6 ' bottom first Heat Room 63, in it, be provided with heat-exchanging tube bundle 64;
First Heat Room 63 is communicated with premixer 61 by bottom through-hole 62, is communicated with burner hearth 2 by top overfall 21, and the most bottom surface of overfall 21 is positioned at the above position of heat-exchanging tube bundle 64 upper surface;
ICFB heat exchanger 7 comprises: the second Heat Room 73 and the first solid particle returning charge passage 71 '; Be provided with air compartment 7 ' bottom second Heat Room 73, in it, be provided with heat-exchanging tube bundle 74; Described first solid particle returning charge passage 71 ' bottom is provided with air compartment 7 ";
Second Heat Room 73 is communicated with the first solid particle returning charge passage 71 ' by bottom through-hole 72, is communicated with burner hearth 2 by top overfall 22, and the most bottom surface of overfall 22 is positioned at the above position of heat-exchanging tube bundle 74 upper surface.
The CFBB of described band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger, described in it, top, premixer 61 is communicated with burner hearth 2 by charging aperture 23, charging aperture 23 is in tilted layout from top to bottom by side, burner hearth 2 side direction premixer 61, and tilt angle alpha is 15 ° ~ 60 °.
The CFBB of described band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger, charging aperture 23 described in it is close to inboard wall of burner hearth and is arranged, charging aperture 23 upper surface is by burner hearth sidewall to the downward-sloping layout of burner hearth center position, and downtilt angles β is 10 ° ~ 45 °.
The CFBB of described band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger, it also comprises solid particle feeding-passage 71, described solid particle feeding-passage 71 upper surface and burner hearth air distribution plate 25 upper end surface are in sustained height level, bottom is furnished with grain sorting slag-draining device 75, and bottom is communicated with the second Heat Room 73 by through hole 72.
The CFBB of described band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger, it also comprises the second solid particle returning charge passage 61 ', second solid particle returning charge passage 61 ' bottom is provided with air compartment 6 "; be communicated with the first Heat Room 63 by bottom through-hole 62, be communicated with burner hearth 2 by top overfall 21.
The CFBB of described band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger, described in it, external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 premixer 61 or the first Heat Room 63 upper outside are provided with horizontally disposed crosswind pipe 65, bypass channel 66 is furnished with returning charge passage 61 ' top at the first Heat Room 63, be communicated with returning charge passage 61 ' top by first Heat Room 63 by bypass channel 66, bypass channel 66 low side entrance center height and crosswind pipe 65 centre-height remain on sustained height level.
The CFBB of described band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger, described in it, external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 and ICFB heat exchanger about 7 are close to setting.
Feature of the present invention is:
Compared with the prior art, the CFBB of band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger provided by the invention, by inside and outside recirculating fluidized bed Heat Room that is independent of one another and that arrange with burner hearth close-coupled, the regulating and control as required of each Heat Room heat exchange power can be realized, make full use of slag heat at the bottom of a large amount of adherent high-temperature particle stream of burner hearth emulsion zone and burner hearth, can solve and start and the bed temperature under running on the lower load and steam temperature stable problem, the requirement of large circulating fluidized bed boiler elevated steam conditions grade can be met simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the section front elevational schematic of the CFBB embodiment 1 of band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the close-up schematic view of CFBB embodiment 1 polycrystalline substance of band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the close-up schematic view of CFBB embodiment 1 charging aperture 23 of band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the close-up schematic view of CFBB embodiment 2 polycrystalline substance of band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the close-up schematic view of CFBB embodiment 3 polycrystalline substance of band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, be described in further detail technical scheme of the present invention, in this manual, same or analogous drawing reference numeral indicates same or analogous parts.
On the basis of routine single external external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger, the most high heat flux of recirculating fluidized bed is utilized to appear at the feature of burner hearth bottom emulsion zone, an independently external ICFB heat exchanger is added at burner hearth bottom emulsion zone, the adherent grain flow heat of high temperature of burner hearth emulsion zone is fully reclaimed by external ICFB heat exchanger, the setting of two external fluid-bed heat exchanger, heat exchange area is significantly increased, because a large amount of heating surface area is by transferring to outside stove in stove, make burner hearth bottom and head temperature more homogeneous, thus improve the efficiency of combustion of burner hearth, reduce the emission level of pollutant.
External circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger and ICFB heat exchanger run independently of one another, regulating and control, after solving conventional two external fluid-bed heat exchanger arranged in series there is the little shortcoming of temperature and pressure in second heat exchanger, each fluidized bed heat exchanger room can according to respective steam parameter requirement, realizing independent adjustment on demand enters in external, circulating ash quantity allocation proportion in external circulation fluidized bed Heat Room, the object regulating bed temperature and steam temperature is reached in wide load regulation range, whole external Double fluodized-bed heat exchanger system is without any mechanical moving element and valve, improve the Stability and dependability of system cloud gray model.
Because the solid particle temperature entering ICFB heat exchanger from burner hearth bottom emulsion zone is more much higher than the outer circulation solid particle temperature separated from cyclone separator, thus ICFB heat exchanger can obtain high heat transfer rate in Small-scale Space, vapor (steam) temperature parameter can obtain raising by a relatively large margin, thus improve the heat-exchange capacity of different load fluidized bed at elevated heat exchanger, more high-grade steam parameter requirement can be met.
To a large amount of high-temperature solid particles of burner hearth bottom, first by the sorting unit bottom feeding-passage, sorting is carried out to the bulky grain in charging, the large granular materials sorted out is cooled by roller slag cooler again, and the fine grained after sorting enters in ICFB Heat Room again and carries out heat exchange.Make full use of the heat of slag at the bottom of burner hearth, further increase the heat-exchange capacity of fluid-bed heat exchanger and the heat exchange efficiency of system.
Be introduced into enter again in external circulation fluidized bed Heat Room after premixer fully mixes from cyclone separator the outer circulation low-temperature solid particle separated and the high-temperature solid particle entered from burner hearth bottom emulsion zone and carry out heat exchange, solve outer circulation low-temperature solid particle and Inner eycle high-temperature solid particle is unmixed directly enter the heat exchange of external circulation fluidized bed Heat Room after the thermal deviation problem introduced.
Between startup and low-load period, by the adjustment of crosswind pipe and premixer's Fluidization wind rate, change the Inner eycle high-temperature solid particle flow proportional entered in premixer, reach the object of heat exchange power in adjustment external circulation fluidized bed Heat Room.At low load, because outer circulation low-temperature solid grain flux is few, therefore ensured the steam parameter requirement in external circulation fluidized bed Heat Room by increase Inner eycle high-temperature solid particle flow proportional, solve the stable problem of steam temperature in external circulation fluidized bed Heat Room between startup and low-load period.
Between startup and low-load period, by stopping or reducing the fluidized wind in external circulation fluidized bed Heat Room, increase crosswind pipe fluidized wind simultaneously, the high-temperature solid particle separated from cyclone separator is not participated in or participates in the heat exchange in external circulation fluidized bed Heat Room less, under sidewall horizontal wind action, directly return burner hearth by bypass channel or overfall by returning charge passage, thus ensure that burner hearth bed temperature maintains a higher level.In order to ensure that whole heat exchanger tube is submerged in completely in high-temperature solid particle in running, to improve the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchanger, external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger and the most floor height of the overfall of ICFB heat exchanger returning charge passage are all higher than the upper level of corresponding heat-exchanging tube bundle.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3, the CFBB of band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger provided by the invention, comprise air compartment 1, burner hearth 2, the cyclone separator 3 be connected with upper furnace exhanst gas outlet, the material returning device 4 be connected with cyclone separator 3, the external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 that is connected with material returning device 4 and burner hearth 2 bottom dense, the ICFB heat exchanger 7 integrally arranged is close to external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger about 6, in addition boiler also comprises the back-end ductwork be connected with cyclone separator 3 solid outlet, does not illustrate in the drawings.
External circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 is independent of one another with ICFB heat exchanger 7, top, external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 premixer 61 is communicated with material returning device 5, be communicated with burner hearth 2 by charging aperture 23 simultaneously, charging aperture 23 upper surface downtilt angles β is 20 °, the charging aperture 23 feeding-passage angle [alpha] that has a down dip is 45 °, premixer 61 upper portion side wall is equipped with crosswind pipe 65, crosswind pipe 65 is positioned at outer circulation particle and Inner eycle Ke Liao intersection, be communicated with the first Heat Room 63 by through hole 62 bottom premixer 61, first Heat Room 63 top is communicated with burner hearth 2 by overfall 21.ICFB heat exchanger 7 charging aperture 71 top is communicated with burner hearth 2 by through hole 24, bottom is communicated with the second Heat Room 73 by through hole 72, charging aperture 71 upper surface and burner hearth air compartment 1 air distribution plate 25 maintain an equal level, second Heat Room 73 top is communicated with burner hearth 2 by overfall 22, heat-exchanging tube bundle 64,74 is furnished with in first Heat Room 63, second Heat Room 73, external fluid-bed heat exchanger 6,7 can be arranged symmetrically in burner hearth left and right side wall, also can be arranged in the one-sided or surrounding of burner hearth as required.
When boiler runs at full capacity, the high-temperature particle separated by cyclone separator 4 and the high-temperature particle entered from charging aperture 23 are at premixer 61 air compartment 6 " fully mix under fluidized wind effect; enter the first Heat Room 63 by bottom through-hole 62 again and carry out heat exchange with heat-exchanging tube bundle 64, and then return burner hearth 2 by overfall 21 under the effect of air compartment 6 ' fluidized wind; First slag at the bottom of burner hearth carries out sorting by the sorting unit 75 bottom ICFB heat exchanger 7 feeding-passage 71, fine grained after sorting enters the second Heat Room 73 by bottom through-hole 72 and carries out heat exchange with heat-exchanging tube bundle 74, and the particle after heat exchange returns burner hearth 2 by top overfall 22 again." Fluidization wind rate, reduces the outer circulation particle entering heat exchange in external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6, to ensure the stable of burner hearth bed temperature when boiler startup and underrun, to increase crosswind pipe 65 Fluidization wind rate, stopping or reduction air compartment 6 ', 6.
Embodiment 2
With reference to figure 4, the CFBB of band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger provided by the invention, polycrystalline substance comprises the material returning device 4 that cyclone separator 3 is connected, the external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 be connected with bottom material returning device 4 and burner hearth 2, the ICFB heat exchanger 7 integrally arranged is close to external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger about 6, external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 returning charge passage 61 ' bottom is communicated with the first Heat Room 63 by through hole 62, top is communicated with burner hearth 2 by overfall 21, the most bottom surface of overfall 21 through hole is positioned at the first above position of Heat Room 63 heat-exchanging tube bundle 64 upper surface, be communicated with by bypass channel 66 with returning charge passage 61 ' top at the first Heat Room 63, horizontally disposed crosswind pipe 65 is had outside the first Heat Room 63, crosswind pipe 65 and bypass channel 66 low side charging aperture remain on sustained height level, the most bottom surface of the high-end outlet of bypass channel 66 is positioned at the most above position of end face of overfall 21 through hole.ICFB heat exchanger 7 second Heat Room 73 top is communicated with burner hearth 2 by charging aperture 23, bottom is communicated with returning charge passage 71 ' by through hole 72, charging aperture 23 upper surface downtilt angles β is 30 °, returning charge passage 71 ' is communicated with burner hearth 2 by top overfall 22, ICFB heat exchanger 7 air compartment 7 ', 7 " is close to layout side by side with burner hearth air compartment 1.
During boiler operatiopn, by regulating crosswind pipe 65 and air compartment 6 ', 6 ", 7 ', 7 " fluidized wind regulates external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 and the heat exchange power in ICFB heat exchanger 7, when boiler startup and underrun, increase crosswind pipe 65 Fluidization wind rate, " Fluidization wind rate makes outer circulation granule materials enter returning charge passage 61 ' by bypass channel 66 and returns burner hearth 2 to stop or reducing air compartment 6 ', 6.
Embodiment 3
With reference to figure 5, the CFBB of band independent medial-lateral circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger provided by the invention, polycrystalline substance comprises the material returning device 4 be connected with cyclone separator 3, the external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 be connected with bottom material returning device 4 and burner hearth 2, the ICFB heat exchanger 7 integrally arranged is close to external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger about 6, external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 returning charge passage 61 ' bottom is communicated with the first Heat Room 63 by through hole 62, top is communicated with burner hearth 2 by overfall 21, be communicated with the first Heat Room 63 top by overfall 67, the most bottom surface of overfall 21 through hole is positioned at the first above position of Heat Room 63 heat-exchanging tube bundle 64 upper surface, the most bottom surface of overfall 67 through hole is positioned at the most above position of end face of overfall 21 through hole.ICFB heat exchanger 7 second Heat Room 73 top is communicated with burner hearth 2 by charging aperture 23, bottom is communicated with returning charge passage 71 ' by through hole 72, charging aperture 23 upper surface downtilt angles β is 45 °, and returning charge passage 71 ' is communicated with burner hearth 2 by top overfall 22.
During boiler operatiopn, by regulating air compartment 6 ', 6 ", 7 ', 7 " fluidized wind regulates external circulation fluidized bed heat exchanger 6 and the heat exchange power in ICFB heat exchanger 7, when boiler startup and underrun, stop or reducing air compartment 6 ' Fluidization wind rate, make outer circulation granule materials enter returning charge passage 61 ' by overfall 67, then " under fluidized wind effect, return burner hearth 2 by overfall 21 at air compartment 6.