CN102830375A - Device and method for measuring temperature properties of permanent magnet and permanent magnet material in open circuit - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring temperature properties of permanent magnet and permanent magnet material in open circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102830375A CN102830375A CN2011103884852A CN201110388485A CN102830375A CN 102830375 A CN102830375 A CN 102830375A CN 2011103884852 A CN2011103884852 A CN 2011103884852A CN 201110388485 A CN201110388485 A CN 201110388485A CN 102830375 A CN102830375 A CN 102830375A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet material property measurement and discloses a device for measuring temperature properties of a permanent magnet and a permanent magnet material in an open circuit, comprising a sample box (2), a temperature detection and processing unit (3), an induction voltage generating unit (4), an induction voltage detecting and processing unit (5), a sample drawing and controlling unit (6), a temperature realizing unit (7) and a computer controlling and processing unit (8). The invention further provides a method for measuring the temperature properties of the permanent magnet and the permanent magnet material in the open circuit. The device and the method disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects that the shape of a sample to be detected is not limited, an application range is wide, the automatic measurement can be realized, the measurement repeatability is good and the measurement accuracy is high, so that the device and the method disclosed by the invention are particularly suitable for measuring the permanent magnet material with smaller measured temperature coefficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to permanent magnetic material feature measurement technical field, relate in particular to a kind of device and method of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic.
Background technology
Temperature characterisitic is the key property parameter of permanent magnetic material, comprises reversible temperature coefficient and can not lose, and in the application of permanent magnetic material, particularly pay close attention to, so the measurement of temperature characterisitic becomes even more important.At present; The temperature characteristic measuring method of permanent magnetic material has three types: the ⑴ first kind; Like the desired method of standard GB/T24270-2009 " permanent magnetic material magnetic property temperature coefficient measuring method ":, obtain the characterisitic parameter magnetic remanence B of the permanent magnetic material under the different temperatures thus at magnetic hysteresis loop or the demagnetizing curve of measuring permanent magnetic material under the different temperatures under the closed magnetic circuit
r, magnetic flux density coercive force H
CBAnd magnetic polarization coercive force H
CJMaximal value (BH) with the BH energy product
Max, calculate the temperature coefficient of corresponding parameter then.The weak point that realizes the existing apparatus of this method is to measure the above situation of room temperature, and realizes subzero temperature or temperature difficulty comparatively more than 250 ℃; Temperature-controlled precision and measuring accuracy are lower.⑵ second type measures the magnetic moment of specimen under the different temperatures with vibrating sample magnetometer under open-flux path; Or with the magnetic flux density of specimen under the magnetometer survey different temperatures; Or utilize electromagnetic induction principle to adopt the magnetic flux of detecting coil measuring samples, calculating temperature characteristic then.First kind is vibrated or lift sample magnetometer survey magnetic moment method is prior art measuring method commonly used, and the shortcoming of this method is that the size of requirement specimen is little, the sample location difficulty, and measuring repeatability is relatively poor, and complex equipments is expensive.CN2114169U is follow-on sample magnetometer that lifts, and this method has increased a field-free detecting coil and measured the open circuit magnetic flux.Under open-flux path, measure the magnetic flux density method for second kind with magnetometer (teslameter).What CN1036835A measured is the air gap flux density in the magnetic circuit, rather than the parameter of permanent magnetic material itself, and temperature-controlled precision is low; The shortcoming of CN2352958Y is to measure hall probe from the sample distance, induced signal a little less than, even adopted the magnetic shielding special device also to be difficult to resolve certainly weak, the under-sensitive problem of signal; The shortcoming of CN1797023A is to measure the temperature control difficulty of hall probe itself, bad measurement repeatability, and sample shape is defined as annular, and size is bigger.The third adopts detecting coil to measure temperature characterisitic has many deficiencies, and the CN2352958Y patent is illustrated the weak point of the third method; CN2384229Y improves the method, and has realized various article measurement, and weak point is to interfere with each other between institute's sample; CN101587175 also is the improvement to the third, has overcome the many deficiencies of existing methods, but the heatproof problem of detecting coil is restricted.⑶ the 3rd type adopts nuclear magnetic resonance method to measure magnetic induction under open-flux path.CN101109720B adopts this method exactly; CN101109720B requires to provide the required magnetic field of nuclear magnetic resonance very even, and can not receive the influence of environment temperature, therefore realizes comparatively difficulty.In the magnetic measurement method, the accuracy of nucleus-magnetism-resonance magnetometer is the highest, the inductive electromagnetic method fluxmeter secondly, the magnetometer the 3rd of Hall effect method.Measure in the temperature characterisitic method for above-mentioned three types; The first kind is measured the hall probe that magnetic field intensity H adopts the Hall effect method in early days; Measure the coil that magnetic flux density B or magnetic polarization J adopt inductive electromagnetic method, main flow adopts the twin coil of inductive electromagnetic method to measure magnetic field intensity H and magnetic flux density B or magnetic polarization J at present; Second type has also been adopted inductive electromagnetic method and Hall effect method respectively; The 3rd type of employing be nuclear magnetic resonance method.They respectively have relative merits, and there are various deficiencies in its measurement mechanism.In the measure practice of permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic, especially measure the permanent magnetic material of temperature coefficient less (temperature coefficient less than 0.01%/℃), there is the problem of lack of resolution, poor repeatability in existing method, needs a kind of better measuring method.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of existing permanent magnetic material temperature characteristic measuring method, the present invention proposes a kind of device and method of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic, solve the problem that has lack of resolution, poor repeatability in the prior art.
The invention provides a kind of device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic, comprise that sample box, temperature detection and processing unit, induced voltage generation unit, induced voltage detection and processing unit, sample lift control module, temperature realizes unit, computer control and processing unit.Described sample box is used to place testing sample, and testing sample is incubated; Said sample box is that the bottom is the cylinder on plane.
As further improvement of the present invention: described sample box comprises: the sample box body is formed by non-magnet material; The sample box loam cake is formed by non-magnet material, and there is through hole at the middle part; The sample box heat-insulation layer; And the sample box inner chamber, be used to place testing sample.
As further improvement of the present invention: described temperature detection and processing unit are used to detect the temperature of testing sample, and temperature is shown, handles, and said temperature detection and processing unit comprise: temperature sensor and temperature measuring set; Said temperature sensor is used to measure temperature signal, and is installed in the through hole of described sample box loam cake, contacts with testing sample; Said temperature measuring set is used to accept the signal of temperature sensor, real-time displays temperature value, and temperature signal is sent to described computer control and processing unit.
As further improvement of the present invention: described induced voltage generation unit is used to obtain the induced voltage signal that testing sample produces, and said induced voltage generation unit comprises: Helmholtz coils is used to respond to the induced voltage signal that is produced by testing sample; And the pedestal of Helmholtz coils, the top and bottom of the pedestal end face axis with the assurance Helmholtz coils parallel to each other is vertical with the plane of pedestal end face, and a locating slot is arranged on the pedestal.
As further improvement of the present invention: described induced voltage detects and processing unit; Be used for detecting and handling induced voltage signal; Convert induced voltage signal to the magnetic flux data; Said induced voltage detects and processing unit comprises: the digital voltage integrator, and its input end is connected with the output terminal of said Helmholtz coils, is used to receive the induced voltage and the time signal of this Helmholtz coils; And signal amplifier, its input end is connected with the output terminal of above-mentioned digital voltage integrator, signal is amplified the back be connected with processing unit with described computer control by its output terminal.
As further improvement of the present invention: described induced voltage detects and processing unit, is used for detecting and handling induced voltage signal, converts induced voltage signal to the magnetic flux data; Said induced voltage detects and processing unit is digital fluxmeter, and digital fluxmeter input end is connected with the output terminal of above-mentioned Helmholtz coils, and its output terminal is connected with processing unit with described computer control.
As further improvement of the present invention: described sample lifts control module; Be used for control and lift sample box, sample box is lifted the position of stipulating, described sample lifts control module and comprises: sample clamp; Be used to place sample box, and lifted control module by sample and lift; The sample clamp slide rail, three through holes through sample clamp are connected with sample clamp, are used to guarantee that the axis of sample clamp edge and Helmholtz coils parallel axes moves; Motor, the axis that is used to drive sample clamp edge and Helmholtz coils parallel axes moves; And the sample clamp stop means, be used to limit the position of sample clamp; Sample clamp and sample clamp slide rail are that non-magnet material forms.
As further improvement of the present invention: described temperature realizes the unit, makes the temperature of testing sample control to predetermined temperature, and keeps temperature stabilization; It comprises: the operating room is used for placing and contains testing sample and temperature sensor mounted sample box; Heating arrangement is used for the heat temperature raising with said operating room, and this heating arrangement is controlled by described computer control and processing unit; Cooling device is used for said operating room is cooled, and this cooling device is controlled by described computer control and processing unit; And temperature detection and display device, be used to detect the temperature of above-mentioned operating room, and displays temperature value in real time.
As further improvement of the present invention: described temperature realizes the unit, makes the temperature of testing sample control to predetermined temperature, and keeps temperature stabilization; It is the high and low temperature chamber of band temperature detection and display device.
As further improvement of the present invention: described induced voltage generation unit, sample lift control module and realize that with temperature the unit separates, and induced voltage generation unit and sample lift control module and be not positioned in the temperature realization unit.
As further improvement of the present invention: described testing sample is the permanent magnet with single DOM.
The present invention provides a kind of method of in open circuit, measuring the device of permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic simultaneously; According to electromagnetic induction principle; Adopting czochralski method to utilize sample to lift control module makes testing sample in the Helmholtz coils of induced voltage generation unit, produce induction electromotive force; Detect with the digital voltage integrator or the fluxmeter detection of processing unit and obtain induction electromotive force by induced voltage; After signal amplified, to computer control and processing unit, computer control and processing unit obtained the temperature coefficient of parameter under the different temperatures with transfer of signals; Said parameter comprises the magnetic moment m of testing sample, the magnetization M of working point
d, the working point magnetic flux density B
d, and the magnetic remanence B of used permanent magnetic material
r, magnetic flux density coercive force H
CBAnd the maximal value of BH energy product (BH)
Max, said temperature characterisitic is included in the temperature coefficient of average temperature coefficient, irreversible loss and the arbitrfary point of measuring temperature range.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the testing sample shape is restriction not, only requires to be single DOM that the scope of application is wide; Can realize automatic measurement, measuring repeatability is good; The accuracy of measurement of this method is high, be particularly suitable for measuring temperature coefficient less (as temperature coefficient less than 0.01%/℃) permanent magnetic material.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the device synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is an induced voltage generation unit synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a sample box synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 lifts the control module synoptic diagram for sample of the present invention;
Fig. 5 lifts the sample clamp bottom plan view of control module for sample of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the device synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 7 is the device synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 3.
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with description of drawings and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
The invention provides a kind of device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic, comprise that sample box 2, temperature detection and processing unit 3, induced voltage generation unit 4, induced voltage detect and processing unit 5, sample lift control module 6, temperature realizes unit 7, computer control and processing unit 8.Described sample box 2 is used to place testing sample 1, and to testing sample 1 insulation; Said sample box 2 is the cylinder on plane for the bottom, is the cylinder of arbitrary shape, and one of decision design is right cylinder.
Described sample box 2 comprises: sample box body 21, form by non-magnet material, and one of preferred version is a teflon; Sample box loam cake 22 is formed by non-magnet material, and there is through hole at the middle part; Sample box heat-insulation layer 23; And sample box inner chamber 24, be used to place testing sample 1.Among one embodiment, sample box loam cake 22 adopts the identical scheme of sample box body 21, the middle part have can mounting temperature sensor 31 through hole; Sample box heat-insulation layer 23; Fill insulant material, one of preferred version are asbestos; And sample box inner chamber 24, being used to place testing sample 1, cavity shape is according to the shaped design of testing sample 1, and one of preferred version is cylindrical.
Described temperature detection and processing unit 3 are used to detect the temperature of testing sample 1, and temperature is shown, handles, and said temperature detection and processing unit 3 comprise: temperature sensor 31 and temperature measuring set 32; Said temperature sensor 31 is used to measure temperature signal, and is installed in the through hole of described sample box loam cake 22, contacts with testing sample 1; Said temperature measuring set 32 is used to accept the signal of temperature sensor 31, real-time displays temperature value, and temperature signal is sent to described computer control and processing unit 8.
One of temperature sensor 31 preferred versions are RTD, can be used for-60 ℃ to 260 ℃ temperature survey; Two of preferred version is a thermopair, can be used for-210 ℃ to 1300 ℃ temperature survey.
Described induced voltage generation unit 4 is used to obtain the induced voltage signal that testing sample 1 produces, and said induced voltage generation unit 4 comprises: Helmholtz coils 41 is used to respond to the induced voltage signal that is produced by testing sample 1; And the pedestal 42 of Helmholtz coils 41, the top and bottom of the pedestal 42 end faces axis with assurance Helmholtz coils 41 parallel to each other is vertical with the plane of pedestal 42 end faces, and a locating slot is arranged on the pedestal 42.
Described induced voltage detects and processing unit 5; Be used for detecting and handling induced voltage signal; Convert induced voltage signal to the magnetic flux data; Said induced voltage detects and processing unit 5 comprises: digital voltage integrator 51, and its input end is connected with the output terminal of said Helmholtz coils 41, is used to receive the induced voltage and the time signal of this Helmholtz coils 41; And signal amplifier 52, its input end is connected with the output terminal of above-mentioned digital voltage integrator 51, signal is amplified the back be connected with processing unit 8 with described computer control by its output terminal.
Described induced voltage detects and processing unit 5, is used for detecting and handling induced voltage signal, converts induced voltage signal to the magnetic flux data; Said induced voltage detects and processing unit 5 is digital fluxmeters, and digital fluxmeter input end is connected with the output terminal of above-mentioned Helmholtz coils 41, and its output terminal is connected with processing unit 8 with described computer control.
Described sample lifts control module 6, is used for control and lifts sample box, and sample box is lifted the position of regulation, and described sample lifts control module 6 and comprises: sample clamp 61 is used to place sample box 2, and is lifted control module 6 by sample and lift; Sample clamp slide rail 62, three through holes 611 through sample clamp 61 are connected with sample clamp 61, are used to guarantee that the axis of sample clamp 61 edges and Helmholtz coils 41 parallel axes moves; Motor 63, the axis that is used to drive sample clamp 61 edges and Helmholtz coils 41 parallel axes moves; And sample clamp stop means 64, be used to limit the position of sample clamp 61; Sample clamp 61 forms for non-magnet material with sample clamp slide rail 62.
Described temperature realizes unit 7, makes the temperature of testing sample 1 control to predetermined temperature, and keeps temperature stabilization; It comprises: operating room 71 is used to place the sample box 2 that contains testing sample 1 and mounting temperature sensor 31; Heating arrangement 72 is used for 71 heat temperature raisings with said operating room, and this heating arrangement 72 is controlled by described computer control and processing unit 8; Cooling device 73 is used for said operating room 71 is cooled, and this cooling device 73 is controlled by described computer control and processing unit 8; And temperature detection and display device 74, be used to detect the temperature of above-mentioned operating room 71, and displays temperature value in real time.
Described temperature realizes unit 7, makes the temperature of testing sample 1 control to predetermined temperature, and keeps temperature stabilization; It is the high and low temperature chamber of band temperature detection and display device 74.
Described induced voltage generation unit 4, sample lift control module 6 and realize that with temperature unit 7 separates; Induced voltage generation unit 4 lifts control module 6 with sample and is not positioned in the temperature realization unit 7, thereby has eliminated the adverse effect of temperature to induced voltage generation unit 4.
The permanent magnet of described testing sample 1 for having single DOM.
The present invention provides a kind of method of in open circuit, measuring the device of permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic simultaneously; According to electromagnetic induction principle; Adopting czochralski method to utilize sample to lift control module 6 makes testing sample 1 in the Helmholtz coils 41 of induced voltage generation unit 4, produce induction electromotive force; Detect with the digital voltage integrator 51 or the fluxmeter detection of processing unit 5 and obtain induction electromotive force by induced voltage; After signal amplified, to computer control and processing unit 8, computer control and processing unit 8 obtained the temperature coefficient of parameter under the different temperatures with transfer of signals; Said parameter comprises the magnetic moment m of testing sample 1, the magnetization M of working point
d, the working point magnetic flux density B
d, and the magnetic remanence B of used permanent magnetic material
r, magnetic flux density coercive force H
CBAnd the maximal value of BH energy product (BH)
Max, said temperature characterisitic is included in the temperature coefficient of average temperature coefficient, irreversible loss and the arbitrfary point of measuring temperature range.
Below further specify through several embodiment.
Embodiment 1: with reference to shown in Figure 1, present embodiment is a robotization embodiment, is used for the measurement in open-flux path permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic.
Present embodiment lifts control module 6, temperature realization unit 7, computer realization and processing unit 8 by sample box 2, temperature detection and processing unit 3, induced voltage generation unit 4, induced voltage detection and processing unit 5, sample and forms.
Temperature detection and processing unit 3 are used to measure testing sample 1 temperature, and temperature signal is transported to computer control and processing unit 8, are made up of temperature sensor 31 and temperature measuring set 32.Temperature sensor 31 is RTD or thermopair, is connected with temperature measuring set 32.
Induced voltage generation unit 4 is used to respond to the induced voltage signal that is produced by testing sample 1, and is as shown in Figure 2, is made up of Helmholtz coils 41 and the pedestal 42 that has a locating slot, be used for the location of sample clamp 61.Lift control module 6 sample box 2 is lifted away from Helmholtz coils 41, make Helmholtz coils 41 produce induced voltage signal.
Induced voltage detects and processing unit 5; Be used for voltage and time signal collection, amplification and the conveying of Helmholtz coils 41 inductions; Be made up of digital voltage integrator 51 and signal amplifier 52, the input end of digital voltage integrator 51 is connected with the output terminal of Helmholtz coils 41, is used to gather the voltage and the time signal of Helmholtz coils 41 inductions; Output terminal is connected with the input end of signal amplifier 52, and the output terminal of signal amplifier 52 is connected with processing unit 8 with computer realization.
Sample lifts control module 6 and is used for sample box 2 is lifted away from Helmholtz coils 41, like Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, is made up of sample clamp 61, slide rail 62, motor 63 and sample clamp stop means 64; The output terminal that sample lifts control module 6 is connected with processing unit 8 with computer realization, and lifts the position by computer realization and processing unit 8 controls.
Computer control and processing unit 8 realize that to temperature unit 7 sends temperature control instruction, and control heating arrangement 72, cooling device 73 carry out work; Record and storing temperature detect the temperature signal of carrying with processing unit 3; Receive the signal that induced voltage detects and processing unit 5 is carried, and convert corresponding flux value to.
A kind ofly utilize the inductive electromagnetic method principle in the following measuring method of permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic of open circuit, use Helmholtz coils and fluxmeter etc. are accurately measured the magnetic moment m of permanent magnet, the magnetization M of working point
d, the working point magnetic flux density B
d, and the magnetic remanence B of the used permanent magnetic material of permanent magnet
rAnd magnetic flux density coercive force H
CBEquitemperature coefficient and irreversible loss.The present invention derived the magnetic moment m of permanent magnet and the relation between these parameters.
The principle of this method is based on inductive electromagnetic method.In the homogeneity range of Helmholtz coils magnetic field, permanent magnet is regarded a magnetic dipole as.Therefore, being in open-flux path state, magnetic moment is that the induction electromotive force that the permanent magnet of m produces in Helmholtz coils can be expressed as
[1]:
μ
0M
d＝B
d＋μ
0H
d?......................................(11)
Among the formula ⑴:
m
z---the component of magnetic moment m on the Helmholtz coils axis, Am
2
E---magnetic moment m in Helmholtz coils from t
1Moment (when promptly beginning) is to t
2The induction electromotive force that moment (when promptly finishing) produces, V;
C---Helmholtz coils constant, m;
---magnetic constant, μ
0=4 π * 10
-7H/m.
According to the Faradic electricity magnetic induction principle, by the magnetic flux change (△ Φ) of permanent magnet in Helmholtz coils, the induction electromotive force of generation can be expressed as:
Among the formula ⑵:
The magnetic flux change of ΔΦ---permanent magnet in Helmholtz coils, Wb;
Φ
1---permanent magnet is t in Helmholtz coils
1The magnetic flux that moment produces, Wb;
Φ
2---permanent magnet is t in Helmholtz coils
2The magnetic flux that moment produces, Wb;
The induction electromotive force that E---permanent magnet produces in Helmholtz coils, V;
If t
1The magnetic flux phi that moment (when promptly beginning) produces
1=0Wb, t
2The magnetic flux phi that moment (when promptly finishing) produces
2=Φ, then:
Therefore, according to formula ⑴ and formula ⑶, through measuring the magnetic flux change of permanent magnet in Helmholtz coils, just the average temperature coefficient a of the magnetic moment m of energy measurement permanent magnet and magnetic moment
m, that is:
Among the formula ⑸, measure in temperature T respectively by Helmholtz coils and fluxmeter (voltage integrating meter device)
1And T
2Under flux value Φ (T
1) and Φ (T
2), can calculate the magnetic moment average temperature coefficient a of permanent magnet
mIn fact, the temperature coefficient that obtains thus is in temperature T
1And T
2Average temperature coefficient in the scope.
Obtain in temperature T
1And T
2The temperature coefficient of arbitrary temp point in the scope in the measurement temperature province, is measured the magnetic flux of five temperature spots at least, utilizes principle of least square method that measure data fitting is become the polynomial curve of magnetic flux and temperature then, that is:
Among the formula ⑹:
N---magnetic flux Φ (T
1) with the polynomial expression highest price number of the polynomial curve of temperature;
a
i---its polynomial coefficient.
The temperature coefficient of arbitrary temp point T can be expressed as:
In like manner, measure the irreversible loss of permanent magnet by Helmholtz coils and fluxmeter, that is:
Among the formula ⑻:
m
1---temperature is T
1The time magnetic moment, Am
2
m
2---from temperature T
2Return to temperature T
1The time magnetic moment, Am
2
η
m---the irreversible loss of permanent magnet, %.
According to unit permeance (or working point) P
cDefinition, unit permeance P
cFor:
Among the formula ⑼:
B
d---the magnetic induction density that permanent magnet produces, T;
H
d---the inside demagnetizing field intensity of permanent magnet, Am
-1
According to the definition of the magnetization, then the magnetization is:
Among the formula ⑽:
The magnetic moment of m---permanent magnet, Am
2
The volume of V---permanent magnet, m
3
The density of ρ---permanent magnet, kgm
-3
m
A---the quality of permanent magnet, kg
The magnetization of M---permanent magnet, Am
-1
According to the relation of the magnetization and magnetic induction density, under the permanent magnet working point, then have:
Among the formula ⑾:
M
d---the magnetization of permanent magnet, Am
-1
Because the B-H demagnetizing curve of permanent magnetic material is approximately straight line, its recoil permeability μ
rWith magnetic remanence B
r, magnetic flux density coercive force H
CBAnd the maximal value of BH energy product (BH)
MaxRelation be:
According to formula ⑷ and formula ⑽,, can measure the relation of magnetic flux and the permanent magnet magnetization intensity and the magnetic induction density of permanent magnet by Helmholtz coils and fluxmeter (voltage integrating meter device):
Formula ⒁ and ⒂ are to use Helmholtz coils and fluxmeter to measure the principle and the method for permanent magnet magnetization intensity and magnetic induction density.
According to formula ⑼, ⑿, ⒀ and formula ⒁,, can measure the magnetic flux of permanent magnet and the magnetic remanence B of its material by Helmholtz coils and fluxmeter (voltage integrating meter device)
r, magnetic flux density coercive force H
CBAnd the maximal value of BH energy product (BH)
MaxRelation: formula ⒃, ⒄ and ⒅ are to use Helmholtz coils and fluxmeter to measure the peaked principle and the method for magnetic remanence, magnetic flux density coercive force and the energy product of permanent magnet material therefor respectively.
According to the definition of above principle and temperature coefficient, utilize Helmholtz coils, fluxmeter and temperature implement device, accurately measure permanent magnet magnetic moment m, magnetization M
d, magnetic induction density B
dWith and the magnetic remanence B of material
r, magnetic flux density coercive force H
CBMaximal value (BH) with energy product
MaxEtc. the corresponding temperature coefficient of parameter, also can measure irreversible loss.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation to the further explain that the present invention did, and can not assert that practical implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the those of ordinary skill of technical field under the present invention, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be regarded as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic is characterized in that: comprise that sample box (2), temperature detection and processing unit (3), induced voltage generation unit (4), induced voltage detect and processing unit (5), sample lift control module (6), temperature realizes unit (7), computer control and processing unit (8).
2. the device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sample box (2) is used to place testing sample (1), and testing sample (1) is incubated; Said sample box (2) is the cylinder on plane for the bottom.
3. the device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sample box (2) comprising: sample box body (21) is formed by non-magnet material; Sample box loam cake (22) is formed by non-magnet material, and there is through hole at the middle part; Sample box heat-insulation layer (23); And sample box inner chamber (24), be used to place testing sample (1).
4. the device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described temperature detection and processing unit (3) are used to detect the temperature of testing sample (1); And temperature shown, handles, said temperature detection and processing unit (3) comprising: temperature sensor (31) and temperature measuring set (32); Said temperature sensor (31) is used to measure temperature signal, and is installed in the through hole of described sample box loam cake (22), contacts with testing sample (1); Said temperature measuring set (32) is used to accept the signal of temperature sensor (31), real-time displays temperature value, and temperature signal is sent to described computer control and processing unit (8).
5. the device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described induced voltage generation unit (4) is used to obtain the induced voltage signal that testing sample (1) produces; Said induced voltage generation unit (4) comprising: Helmholtz coils (41) is used for the induced voltage signal that induction is produced by testing sample (1); And the pedestal (42) of Helmholtz coils (41), the top and bottom of pedestal (42) the end face axis with assurance Helmholtz coils (41) parallel to each other is vertical with the plane of pedestal (42) end face, and a locating slot is arranged on the pedestal (42).
6. the device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic according to claim 5; It is characterized in that: described induced voltage detects and processing unit (5); Be used for detecting and handling induced voltage signal; Convert induced voltage signal to the magnetic flux data; Said induced voltage detects and processing unit (5) comprising: digital voltage integrator (51), and its input end is connected with the output terminal of said Helmholtz coils (41), is used to receive the induced voltage and the time signal of this Helmholtz coils (41); And signal amplifier (52), its input end is connected with the output terminal of above-mentioned digital voltage integrator (51), signal is amplified the back be connected with processing unit (8) with described computer control by its output terminal.
7. the device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic according to claim 5; It is characterized in that: described induced voltage detects and processing unit (5); Be used for detecting and handling induced voltage signal, convert induced voltage signal to the magnetic flux data; Said induced voltage detects and processing unit (5) is digital fluxmeter, and digital fluxmeter input end is connected with the output terminal of above-mentioned Helmholtz coils (41), and its output terminal is connected with processing unit (8) with described computer control.
8. the device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described sample lifts control module (6); Be used for control and lift sample box, sample box is lifted the position of stipulating, described sample lifts control module (6) and comprising: sample clamp (61); Be used to place sample box (2), and lifted control module (6) by sample and lift; Sample clamp slide rail (62), three through holes (611) through sample clamp (61) are connected with sample clamp (61), are used to guarantee that the axis of sample clamp (61) edge and Helmholtz coils (41) parallel axes moves; Motor (63), the axis that is used to drive sample clamp (61) edge and Helmholtz coils (41) parallel axes moves; And sample clamp stop means (64), be used to limit the position of sample clamp (61); Sample clamp (61) and sample clamp slide rail (62) form for non-magnet material.
9. the device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described temperature realizes unit (7), makes the temperature of testing sample (1) control to predetermined temperature, and keeps temperature stabilization; It comprises: operating room (71) are used for placing the sample box (2) that contains testing sample (1) and mounting temperature sensor (31); Heating arrangement (72) is used for the heat temperature raising with said operating room (71), and this heating arrangement (72) is controlled by described computer control and processing unit (8); Cooling device (73) is used for said operating room (71) are cooled, and this cooling device (73) is controlled by described computer control and processing unit (8); And temperature detection and display device (74), be used to detect the temperature of above-mentioned operating room (71), and displays temperature value in real time.
10. the device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described temperature realizes unit (7), makes the temperature of testing sample (1) control to predetermined temperature, and keeps temperature stabilization; It is the high and low temperature chamber of band temperature detection and display device (74).
11. according to claim 1,5,8,9 or 10 arbitrary described devices of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic; It is characterized in that: described induced voltage generation unit (4), sample lift control module (6) and realize that with temperature unit (7) separates, and induced voltage generation unit (4) and sample lift control module (6) and be not positioned in the temperature realization unit (7).
12., it is characterized in that: the permanent magnet of described testing sample (1) for having single DOM according to the arbitrary described device of in open circuit, measuring permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic of claim 1 to 11.
13. method of in open circuit, measuring the device of permanent magnet and permanent magnetic material temperature characterisitic; It is characterized in that: according to electromagnetic induction principle; Adopting czochralski method to utilize sample to lift control module (6) makes testing sample (1) in the Helmholtz coils (41) of induced voltage generation unit (4), produce induction electromotive force; Detect with the digital voltage integrator (51) or the fluxmeter detection of processing unit (5) and obtain induction electromotive force by induced voltage; After signal amplified, to computer control and processing unit (8), computer control and processing unit (8) obtained the temperature coefficient of parameter under the different temperatures with transfer of signals; Said parameter comprises the magnetic moment of testing sample (1)
m , the working point the magnetization
M d , the working point magnetic flux density
B d , and the magnetic remanence of used permanent magnetic material
B r >, the magnetic flux density coercive force
H CB And
BHThe maximal value of energy product
(BH) Max , said temperature characterisitic is included in the temperature coefficient of average temperature coefficient, irreversible loss and the arbitrfary point of measuring temperature range.
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