CN102828088A - Cu-Mn high-strength heatproof aluminium alloy material - Google Patents
Cu-Mn high-strength heatproof aluminium alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102828088A CN102828088A CN2011101598042A CN201110159804A CN102828088A CN 102828088 A CN102828088 A CN 102828088A CN 2011101598042 A CN2011101598042 A CN 2011101598042A CN 201110159804 A CN201110159804 A CN 201110159804A CN 102828088 A CN102828088 A CN 102828088A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-performance and high-temperature structural metal materials, especially to an aluminium alloy material of micro-alloying element and rare earth element. By the adoption of the aluminium alloy material prepared in the invention, tensile strength and extensibility of alloy are enhanced, and the prepared aluminium alloy has excellent properties of high strength and high hardness. The invention relates to a Cu-Mn high-strength heatproof aluminium alloy material, which comprises the following ingredients of: by weight, 2-4% of Cu, 0.06-0.0624% of Mn, 0.02-0.3% of Cd, 0.02-0.45% of Zr, 0.02-0.09% of Ni, 0.02-0.09% of Co, 0.02-0.3% of Ti, 0.02-0.09% of B, 2.5-3.5% of rare earth element, and the balance Al.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-performance, thermal structure metallic substance technical field, relate in particular to the aluminum copper alloy material of a kind of micro alloying element and REE.
Background technology
Little (ρ=the 2.7g/cm of the density of fine aluminium
3), approximately be 1/3 of iron, fusing point low (660 ℃), aluminium is face-centred cubic structure, so have very high plasticity, is easy to processing, can be made into various section bars, sheet material.The corrosion resistance of aluminium is good; But the intensity of fine aluminium is very low, should not make structured material.Through long-term production practice and scientific experiment, people come reinforced aluminum to add methods such as alloying element and utilization thermal treatment gradually, and this has just obtained a series of duraluminum.The duraluminum that adds certain element formation can also have higher intensity, σ in advantages such as maintenance fine aluminium light weight
bValue can reach 24～60kgf/mm respectively
2Make duraluminum " specific tenacity " (the ratio σ of intensity and proportion like this
b/ ρ) better than a lot of steel alloys; Become the ideal structured material; Duraluminum has good electroconductibility, thermal conductivity and corrosion stability because of it; In industry, be widely used, become most widely used one type of non-ferrous metal structured material in the industry, be widely used in aspects such as machinofacture, Transport Machinery, power machine and aircraft industry.
Duraluminum is divided into two big types of wrought aluminium alloy and y alloy ys: the duraluminum that technologies such as wrought aluminium alloy refers to through punching press, bending, rolls, extruding change its tissue, shape.Wrought aluminium alloy is divided into not heat-treatable strengthened type duraluminum and heat-treatable strengthened type duraluminum two big classes again.Not heat-treatable strengthened type can not improve mechanical property through thermal treatment, can only realize strengthening through cold deformation, and it mainly comprises rafifinal, industrial rafifinal, commercial-purity aluminium and corrosion-resisting aluminium etc.Heat-treatable strengthened type duraluminum can improve mechanical property, physicals and corrosion resistance through thermal treatment means such as quenching and timeliness.It can be divided into duralumin, wrought aluminium, ultralumin and particular aluminum alloy etc.
Y alloy y refers to that the available metal casting forming process directly obtains the duraluminum of part, and the alloying element content of y alloy y generally more than the content of corresponding wrought aluminium alloy, so that alloy has suitable flowability, is prone to fill the shrinkage joint of foundry goods when casting.Y alloy y according to chemical composition can be divided into aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum magnesium alloy, aluminium-zinc alloy and Al rare earth alloy.The tensile strength great majority of duraluminum are between 250Mpa～350Mpa; The seldom several kinds of trades mark that have only aluminum-copper alloy series that are higher than 400Mpa are though these alloy intensity are high, thermo-labile; Can only in 100～200 ℃ of scopes, have better heat-resisting performance and high specific strength; And what add is noble metal, and cost is high, and its tensile strength of Al-Cu-Ag alloy that forms like in the Al-Cu alloy, the adding the Ag of trace of public reported is 520Mpa; Tensile strength is 375Mpa in the time of 180 ℃, but still can not satisfy the demand of its tensile strength at high temperature.
High-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy refers to that its tensile strength is greater than 480Mpa; The duraluminum that fine resistance toheat is arranged again; The high strength heat resistant high strength alloy is suitable for bearing bigger working load in the thermal environment midium or long term below 400 ℃, and this duraluminum has obtained increasing application in fields such as aerospace, heavy industry machineries.The aluminum alloy materials that is used for the casting of high temperature component at present comprises aluminum bronze Mn series alloy and aluminium rare earth-based alloy; Aluminum bronze Mn series alloy majority is the starting material of alloy with high-purity aluminium ingot; Cost is higher; Aluminium rare earth-based alloy performance then at room temperature of science is relatively poor relatively; At present the high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy ubiquity HS of public reported is not enough with weather resistance, and hardness has satisfied not the demand of practical application, and have in the y alloy y treatment process that melt treatment is extensive, of poor quality, hot cracking tendency greatly, castability is poor, hot strength is low.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is; Technical barriers such as the melt treatment that exists to present aldural field is extensive, of poor quality, hot cracking tendency big, castability difference; With high-quality melt, Solid solution and phase diagram theory is guidance; Through preferred alloy element Cu, Mn and REE prescription, reduce the accurate solid-state temperature scope of alloy, the problem that is ubiquitous that hot cracking tendency is big when solving casting, the goods hot strength is low; Preferred low-cost multicomponent microalloying element formula is for material base condition is created in the cultivation and the grain refining effect of high temperature phase and strengthening phase in the Solid solution; And optimize melting, thermal treatment process technology, realize high temperature phase and the enough culture of strengthening phase and giving full play to of grain refining effect in the Solid solution.The Al-Cu novel high-strength of finally developing a kind of rare earth multicomponent micro-alloying heat-resisting (castibility and deformability) aluminum alloy materials.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of Cu-Mn high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy material, and its alloying constituent mainly is made up of Al, Cu, Mn, Cd, Zr, Ni, Co, Ti, B, REE, and the mass percent of each component is:
Cu:2～4%, Mn:0.06～0.0624%, Cd:0.02～0.3%, Zr:0.02～0.45%; Ni:0.02～0.09%, Co:0.02～0.09%, Ti:0.02～0.3%; B:0.02～0.09%, REE: 2.5～3.5%, surplus is Al.
Described REE is single rare earth element or two or more mixed rare-earth elements.
Described REE comprises Eu, Ce, Pr, Nd, Er, La, Y.
Preferably, the mass percent of described each component of alloy is: Cu:2.5～3.5%, Mn:0.061～0.062%; Cd:0.1～0.25%, Zr:0.08～0.4%, Ni:0.03～0.08%; Co:0.03～0.08%, Ti:0.1～0.28%, B:0.03～0.07%; REE: 2.8～3.2%, surplus is Al.
Preferably, the mass percent of described each component of alloy is: Cu:2.8～3.2%, Mn:0.061～0.062%; Cd:0.18～0.2%, Zr:0.18～0.38%, Ni:0.04～0.06%; Co:0.03～0.08%, Ti:0.18～0.22%, B:0.04～0.06%; REE: 2.9～3%, surplus is Al.
The fusing point of Al has only 660.4 ℃, and all more than 1200 ℃, wherein the fusing point of Cd element is 3440 ℃ to the fusing point of Cu, Mn, Cd, Zr, Ti, adds above-mentioned metallic element, in pyroprocessing, can improve the fusing point of aluminum alloy materials, improves its castability.
Anisotropy is controlled by distortion of materials characteristics and weave construction mainly in the plane of alloy, and little with the crystalline-granular texture relation of material.In alloy, add the recrystallize behavior that the Mn element changes duraluminum, weave construction component and intensity in the control alloy are to reduce the anisotropic important means of material.
The content of Cu is the important factor that influences alloy plasticity, improve the intensity that Cu content often can improve duraluminum, so the control of the weight percent of Cu element in alloy can influence the intensity of duraluminum greatly.
The alloy that has added titanium elements can be at life-time service under 600 ℃ or the higher temperature; Can under-196-253 ℃ low temperature, keep ductility and toughness preferably; Avoid the metal cold shortness, and can significantly improve intensity, hardness and the wear resistance of alloy, still can reduce the plasticity and the toughness of alloy.
In steel, add manganese element, it is not only hard but also be rich in toughness that the high mangaenese steel of processing becomes, and in duraluminum, adds manganese, also can strengthen the intensity and the toughness of duraluminum.
Zirconium is metallurgical industry " VITAMINs ", and it can be brought into play deoxidation, denitrogenates in alloy smelting, the effect of desulfuration, and zirconium has very strong ductility, adds zirconium in the duraluminum, and hardness and intensity will shockingly improve.
The fusing point of rhenium is the highest, forms alloy with aluminium and other elements, can strengthen extension performance, hardness, resistance to abrasion and the erosion resistance of alloy.
REE is very active element, very easily with metal and nonmetal effect, generates corresponding stable compound, and REE joins the effect that can play microalloying in the duraluminum.In aluminium liquid, fuse into REE; Be prone to fill up alloy phase and must show defective, reduce the surface tension on the two-phase interface, make the alloy organizing refinement; Change the crystallization condition of alloy; REE can form stable refractory metal compound with copper, manganese etc., can improve room temperature strength, high-temperature capability and the fluidity of molten of duraluminum, and REE has good modification effect to duraluminum.
The adding of REE can improve the castability of duraluminum, and iron is very deleterious impurity in the duraluminum, and a spot of Fe just can form Al+FeAl
3Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, the crystal structure that great majority contain iron phase is all very thick, directly influences the mechanical property of alloy, reduces the flowability of alloy, increases inhomogeneity of structure, adds the form that exists that rare earth can change iron phase, improves the castability of duraluminum.
The deoxidizing capacity of REE is quite strong; REE in molten metal with the oxygen generation oxide compound that reacts; REE can also with low-melting metallic element chemical combination, the rare earth compound of above-mentioned generation all has the characteristics of fusing point height, light specific gravity, when their fusing point is higher than the Metal smelting temperature; The a part of slagging of ability come-up, the part of staying in the solid metal then can reduce its hazardness.
Rare earth is big especially to the adsorptive power of hydrogen, can adsorb in a large number and dissolved hydrogen, and the melting point compound of rare earth and hydrogen is higher, and disperse is distributed in the aluminium liquid, can not assemble the formation bubble with the hydrogen of compound formation, reduces the hydrogen content and the pin hole rate of aluminium greatly.
Use the element of REE, can give full play to degasification, slagging-off, the Water purification of REE in alloy, crystal grain thinning and metamorphism, the mechanical property and the erosion resistance of raising alloy as basic duraluminum.
At high temperature, the crystal boundary of alloy is a weak link, and the boron, zirconium and the REE that add trace can improve grain-boundary strength.This is that boron, zirconium atom can be filled the crystal boundary room because REE can purify crystal boundary, reduces crystal boundary rate of diffusion in the creep process, improves plasticity and intensity.In duraluminum, add REE; Can refinement the crystal grain of alloy, newly-generated shaft-likely suppressed the dislocation motion on the crystal boundary distributing on the crystal boundary, transcrystalline distributes shaft-likely can play the bridge joint effect at two intercrystallines mutually; Not only stoped the slippage of crystal boundary; Also hindered the relative movement of adjacent crystal grain, strengthened tensile strength of alloys, the structure of reinforced alloys.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: have HS and high firmness, strengthened tensile strength of alloys and ductility, make the intensity of duraluminum in the time of 220 ℃ more than 500Mpa, the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is more than 350Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is more than 250Mpa; The present invention uses the matrix of general aluminium as duraluminum, in fusion-casting process, can shield iron and silicon to the hazardous property of duraluminum, has reduced production cost; Alloy of the present invention has the dual nature of y alloy y and wrought aluminium alloy, both can directly be used to cast all kinds of light powerful spares and structural part, also can cast bar earlier and be hot extruded into the section bar into various sections again.
Embodiment 1:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 526Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 361Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 272Mpa.
Embodiment 2:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 505Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 359Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 252Mpa.
Embodiment 3:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 565Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 370Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 280Mpa.
Embodiment 4:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 534Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 389Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 263Mpa.
Embodiment 5:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 542Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 351Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 253Mpa.
Embodiment 6:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 562Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 411Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 301Mpa.
Embodiment 7:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 509Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 362Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 291Mpa.
Embodiment 8:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 523Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 361Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 275Mpa.
Embodiment 9:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 506Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 381Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 283Mpa.
Embodiment 10:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 549Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 352Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 265Mpa.
Embodiment 11:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 562Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 403Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 300Mpa.
Embodiment 12:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 513Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 362Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 258Mpa.
Embodiment 13:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 519Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 381Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 276Mpa.
Embodiment 14:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 532Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 376Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 307Mpa.
Embodiment 15:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 561Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 398Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 263Mpa.
Embodiment 16:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 513Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 369Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 284Mpa.
Embodiment 17:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 542Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 351Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 269Mpa.
Embodiment 18:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 532Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 401Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 272Mpa.
Embodiment 19:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 545Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 382Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 294Mpa.
Embodiment 20:
The intensity of the duraluminum of present embodiment in the time of 220 ℃ is 563Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 280 ℃ is 406Mpa, and the intensity in the time of 320 ℃ is 305Mpa.
Claims (5)
1. Cu-Mn high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy material, its alloying constituent mainly is made up of Al, Cu, Mn, Cd, Zr, Ni, Co, Ti, B, REE, and the mass percent of each component is:
Cu:2～4%, Mn:0.06～0.0624%, Cd:0.02～0.3%, Zr:0.02～0.45%; Ni:0.02～0.09%, Co:0.02～0.09%, Ti:0.02～0.3%; B:0.02～0.09%, REE: 2.5～3.5%, surplus is Al.
2. a kind of Cu-Mn high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described REE is single rare earth element or two or more mixed rare-earth elements.
3. a kind of Cu-Mn high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described REE comprises Eu, Ce, Pr, Nd, Er, La, Y.
4. a kind of Cu-Mn high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the mass percent of described each component of alloy is: Cu:2.5～3.5%; Mn:0.061～0.062%, Cd:0.1～0.25%, Zr:0.08～0.4%; Ni:0.03～0.08%, Co:0.03～0.08%, Ti:0.1～0.28%; B:0.03～0.07%, REE: 2.8～3.2%, surplus is Al.
5. a kind of Cu-Mn high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the mass percent of described each component of alloy is: Cu:2.8～3.2%; Mn:0.061～0.062%, Cd:0.18～0.2%, Zr:0.18～0.38%; Ni:0.04～0.06%, Co:0.03～0.08%, Ti:0.18～0.22%; B:0.04～0.06%, REE: 2.9～3%, surplus is Al.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105002408A (en) * | 2015-07-12 | 2015-10-28 | 河北钢研德凯科技有限公司 | High-quality, high-strength cast aluminum alloy material and preparation method |
| CN105937004A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-09-14 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | Aluminum alloy material replacing QT500 high-pressure square flange and gravity casting method of aluminum alloy material |
| CN112760509A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-05-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for strengthening ZL201 aluminum alloy by using rare earth element Er |
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| WO2011035652A1 (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-31 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | High-strength heat-proof aluminum alloy material containing lithium and rare earth and producing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105002408A (en) * | 2015-07-12 | 2015-10-28 | 河北钢研德凯科技有限公司 | High-quality, high-strength cast aluminum alloy material and preparation method |
| CN105937004A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-09-14 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | Aluminum alloy material replacing QT500 high-pressure square flange and gravity casting method of aluminum alloy material |
| CN105937004B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-09-07 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its gravity casting method substituting QT500 high pressure method orchids |
| CN112760509A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-05-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for strengthening ZL201 aluminum alloy by using rare earth element Er |
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Application publication date: 20121219 |