CN102827398B - Core-shell-structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modified hydrotalcite-like flame retardant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Core-shell-structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modified hydrotalcite-like flame retardant and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102827398B CN102827398B CN201210356286.8A CN201210356286A CN102827398B CN 102827398 B CN102827398 B CN 102827398B CN 201210356286 A CN201210356286 A CN 201210356286A CN 102827398 B CN102827398 B CN 102827398B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a core-shell-structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modified hydrotalcite-like flame retardant and a preparation method thereof. The core material is ammonium polyphosphate, the shell material is melamine formaldehyde resin, and a dicarboxylic acid, of which the molecular formula is HOOC-R-COOH is grafted outside the shell, wherein R is alkylidene group, phenyl group, alkyl ether or phenyl ether; and the core-shell-structure phosphorus-nitrogen and a hydrotalcite-like compound, of which the molecular formula is [MII(1-x)MIIIx(OH)2]x+[An-x/n]x-.mH2O are subjected to ion-exchange reaction to obtain the composite material. The flame retardant effectively combines the expansion phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant with the inorganic flame retardant hydrotalcite-like compound; and under the synergistic action, the flame retardant has better flame retardancy, enhances the compatibility of the hydrotalcite-like compound with high molecular materials, and lowers the addition amount of the hydrotalcite-like compound.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of composite materials.
(2) background technology
Fire retardant is one of important auxiliary agent of synthesized polymer material processing, and its function is to make synthetic materials have flame retardancy, self-extinguishing and smoke elimination.Along with the raising of scientific progress and environmental protection consciousness, people not only develop the better fire retardant of performance, and the environmental protection problem in fire retardant self and use procedure has also been proposed to more strict requirement.Fire retardant non-halogen, low poisoned, Composite, press down fuming and become 21 century fire retardant overall development trend.
Common fire retardant has halogenated flame retardant, phosphorus nitrogen expansion type combustion inhibitor, silicon-series five-retardant, boron flame retardant, hydrotalcite fire retardant etc. at present.Phosphorus nitrogen synergistic fire retardant is the halogen-free expansion fire retardant that a class has been widely studied, the high and low poison of this fire retardant efficiency, non-corrosiveness and have and the advantage such as macromolecular material consistency is good.Its fire retardant mechanism is in high-temp combustion process, to form leavening structure carbon-coating.This carbon-coating is amorphous structure carbon-coating, and itself does not burn, and can play the effect that intercepts gas transfer and heat transmission.
Houghite is a kind of layered metal hydroxides, and the adjustable sex change due to its unique laminate structure and laminate composition and interlayer anion, makes it as inorganic functional material, in catalysis, ion-exchange, absorption, medicine and other fields, all be widely used.Hydrotalcite has more outstanding advantage as fire retardant material than traditional magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide.When pyrolytic decomposition, absorb heat and discharge the incombustible substance such as water outlet, carbonic acid gas, and can impel combustible matl carbonization, finally forming complex metal oxides.The complex metal oxides forming can play the effect that intercepts gas transfer and heat transmission.
Patent CN 102321274A discloses a kind of halogen-free flame retardants of ammonium polyphosphate anion intercalation hydrotalcite, and this patent foam performance is poor, and flame retardant effect is not good.Patent CN 102336926A discloses a kind of modification of Intumescent Flame-retardant Agent hydrotalcite and its production and use, described expansion type flame retardant is to be prepared by the aminated compounds of phosphorous volution and anhydride reaction, then by ion exchange reaction, makes modification of Intumescent Flame-retardant Agent hydrotalcite with hydrotalcite.But the quality percentage composition of the phosphoric of the aminated compounds of phosphorous volution and nitrogen element is lower described in this patent, in burning, final carbon yield is high and swelling property is general afterwards.Patent CN102093525A discloses a kind of preparation method of the macromole type fire retardant that contains houghite, described houghite reclaims waste residue by flue gas desulfurization to be prepared by water and reconstruction method, and described macromole is melamine phosphate or terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin.Described in this patent, melamine phosphate macromole is prepared by trimeric cyanamide and phosphatase reaction, and the usage quantity of phosphoric acid is large, if dealt with improperly, can cause certain pollution to environment.
(3) summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems such as the technical problem that exists in aforesaid method and mineral-type hydrotalcite and macromolecular material consistency be poor.The invention provides a kind of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant and preparation method thereof, it is the matrix material being obtained by ion exchange reaction by nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound and houghite, its nuclear matter is ammonium polyphosphate, shell material is terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin, and the outside grafting molecular formula of shell is similar to the di-carboxylic acid of HOOC-R-COOH.This fire retardant not only has the advantages such as phosphorus-nitrogen compound and houghite low toxicity, non-corrosiveness, and has reduced the addition of houghite, strengthens the consistency of houghite and macromolecular material, has improved whole flame retardant effect.
A kind of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant, its nuclear matter is ammonium polyphosphate, shell material is terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin, the di-carboxylic acid of the outside grafting molecular formula of shell HOOC-R-COOH, wherein: R is alkylidene group, phenyl, alkyl oxide or phenyl ether; By nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound and molecular formula, be [M
iI (1-x)m
iII x(OH)
2]
x+[A
n- x/n]
x-mH
2the matrix material that the houghite of O obtains by ion exchange reaction; Wherein: M
iIcan be selected from Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Zn
2+, Ni
2+, Mn
2+, Co
2+, Fe
2+in one or both, M
iIIcan be selected from Al
3+, Cr
3+, Mn
3+, Fe
3+, Ce
3+in one or both; M
iIand M
iIImol ratio be 2.0 ~ 3.0:1.0; A
n-for CO
3 2-, SO
4 2-, Cl
-, NO
3 -in one or both.
A preparation method for nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare the mixing solutions (mol ratio of trimeric cyanamide and formaldehyde is 3.0:1.0 ~ 2.0) of trimeric cyanamide and formaldehyde, under the condition stirring, dropwise adding mass concentration is that 10% sodium carbonate solution regulates its pH=8 ~ 9, is heated to 80 ° of C isothermal reaction 1 ~ 2h;
(2) 90 ~ 100 parts of ammonium polyphosphates are dissolved in 300 parts of dehydrated alcohols, then add the terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin solution of 20 ~ 30 parts described in step 1), with the sulfuric acid of 1mol/L, regulate between pH=4 ~ 5, be heated to 70 ~ 100 ℃ of isothermal reaction 2 ~ 4h, after reaction finishes, suction filtration, washing, 60 ° of C are dried, and obtain the ammonium polyphosphate of Melamino-formaldehyde resin encapsulated;
(3) the molecular formula of the ammonium polyphosphate of 90 ~ 100 parts of Melamino-formaldehyde resin encapsulateds and 80 ~ 120 parts is similar to the di-carboxylic acid of HOOC-R-COOH, join in 200 parts of methylene dichloride, first ultrasonic dispersion 30min, then stirring at room is reacted 24h, centrifugation, suction filtration, washing, 60 ° of C are dried, and obtain the phosphorus-nitrogen compound of nucleocapsid structure;
(4) 90 ~ 120 parts of solubility divalent metal muriates and 30 ~ 60 parts of solubility trivalent metal muriates are dissolved in 3000 parts of deionized waters, dropwise add 5% ~ 40%NaOH or Na
2cO
3the aqueous solution, regulates between pH=8 ~ 10, makes molecular formula for [M
iI (1-x)m
iII x(OH)
2]
x+[A
n- x/n]
x-mH
2the houghite solution of O;
(5) be scattered in 1000 parts of deionized waters the nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound described in 10 ~ 20 parts of step 3) is ultrasonic, drip the NaOH solution of 0.5mol/L, regulate pH to neutral;
By (4) above-mentioned and (5) in solution mix, control 60 ~ 80 ° of C of temperature, aging 8 ~ 12h, suction filtration, washing, 60 ° of C are dried, and obtain nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant;
Above-mentioned molecular formula is similar to the di-carboxylic acid of HOOC-R-COOH, and R is alkylidene group, phenyl, alkyl oxide or phenyl ether.
Described in step 4), molecular formula is [M
iI (1-x)m
iII x(OH)
2]
x+[A
n- x/n]
x-mH
2the houghite of O, wherein: M
iIcan be selected from Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Zn
2+, Ni
2+, Mn
2+, Co
2+, Fe
2+in one or both, M
iIIcan be selected from Al
3+, Cr
3+, Mn
3+, Fe
3+, Ce
3+in one or both; M
iIand M
iIImol ratio be 2.0 ~ 3.0:1.0.A
n-for CO
3 2-, SO
4 2-, Cl
-, NO
3 -in one or both.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1. the nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound of preparation has solved the poor shortcoming of ammonium polyphosphate hydrophobicity, and ammonium polyphosphate can well be dispersed in macromolecular material, plays good flame retardant effect.
2. the nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound of preparation has solved mineral-type hydrotalcite and the poor shortcoming that obtains of macromolecular material consistency simultaneously, and lamella houghite can be distributed in macromolecular material lattice uniformly, has strengthened flame retardant effect, has reduced addition.
3. the nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite of preparing, interlamellar spacing obviously increases, when miscible with macromolecular material, be easy to peel off, houghite individual layer after peeling off can promptly align in macromolecular material, favorable dispersity can not assembled, and by the synergistic function of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound and houghite, has improved resistance combustion temperature simultaneously, reduced heat release rate, macromolecular material has been played to well fire-retardant and enhancing toughening effect.
The nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant of preparation be a kind of Halogen, without the environment friendly flame retardant of toxic gas.
(4) accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant schematic diagram that utilizes the present invention to prepare
Fig. 2 is houghite Zn-Al-NO in case study on implementation
3 --CO
3 2-the FTIR figure of-LDH
Fig. 3 is the FTIR figure of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound intercalation Zn-Al-LDH in case study on implementation
Comparison diagram 2 and Fig. 3 can find, in Fig. 2, wave number is 1384cm
-1the absorption peak of nitrate radical in Fig. 3, disappear, illustrate that nitrate radical is replaced by nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound; In Fig. 3, newly occurred that wave number is 1644cm
-1, 1122cm
-1, 1044cm
-1, 912cm
-1absorption peak; Wave number is 1644cm
-1absorption peak be by C=O(CONH) stretching vibration and trimeric cyanamide in the stretching vibration of N=N cause, wave number is 1122cm
-1, 1044cm
-1absorption peak be the charateristic avsorption band in trimeric cyanamide infrared spectrogram, wave number is 1122cm
-1absorption peak may (because after number of chemical material reacts to each other, the infrared absorption of a certain chemical group has certain skew) be also the absorption peak of R-O-R, wave number is at 912cm
-1that vibration by C-H causes.Above infrared analysis explanation nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound successfully inserts houghite interlayer.Fig. 4 is the TGA-DTG graphic representation of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound in case study on implementation one
Fig. 4 explanation: occur an obvious absorption peak in DTG curve, this absorption peak is corresponding to obvious weightless step in TGA curve.From the analysis of Fig. 4, the weightlessness between 250 ~ 400 ° of C is by the decomposition of ammonium polyphosphate dehydration and trimeric cyanamide and 4, and the decomposition of 4 '-dicarboxyl phenyl ether causes.When 600 ° of C, the mass percent of residue is about 30%.Final residue material is the materials such as poly-metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid.
Fig. 5 is the TGA-DTG graphic representation of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound intercalation Mg-Al-LDH in case study on implementation one
Fig. 5 explanation: occur three obvious absorption peaks in DTG curve, correspond respectively to three obvious weightless steps in TGA curve.Analysis from Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, weightlessness between 100 ~ 150 ° of C is that the loss by crystal water causes, weightlessness between 150 ~ 220 ° of C is that the loss by houghite middle water molecule causes, the weightlessness between 250 ~ 450 ° of C be by houghite laminate on hydroxyl dehydration, the decomposition of interlayer carbonate, the decomposition of ammonium polyphosphate dehydration and trimeric cyanamide and 4, the decomposition of 4 '-dicarboxyl phenyl ether causes.When 600 ° of C, the mass percent of residue is about 55%.Final residue material is poly-metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, magnalium basic oxide etc.Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 comparison, nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound intercalation houghite obviously strengthens than the thermostability of independent nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound.The flame retardant properties that is nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound intercalation houghite is obviously better than nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound.
(5) embodiment
Below by by concrete example, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
(1) 7.5g trimeric cyanamide and 4mL 37% formaldehyde (mol ratio is 3:1) are dissolved in to 20mL deionized water, under the condition stirring, dropwise adding mass concentration is that 10% sodium carbonate solution regulates between pH=8, is heated to 80 ° of C isothermal reaction 1h.
(2) 40g ammonium polyphosphate is dissolved in 150mL ethanol, then add (1) described in solution, with the sulfuric acid of 1mol/L, regulate between pH=4 ~ 5, be heated to 80 ° of C isothermal reaction 2h, after reaction finishes, suction filtration, washing, 60 ° of C are dried.
By 0.5g (2) in gained material and 0.5g 4,4 '-dicarboxyl phenyl ether is dissolved in 100mL methylene dichloride, stirring at room reaction 24h, centrifugation, suction filtration, washing, 60 ° of C are dried, and obtain the phosphorus-nitrogen compound of nucleocapsid structure.Its TGA-DTG graphic representation as shown in Figure 4.
(4) by 3.60g MgCl
26H
2o and 2.25gAlCl
36H
2o is dissolved in 100mL deionized water, dropwise adds 20%Na
2cO
3the aqueous solution, regulates pH=9.3.
(5) by the ultrasonic dispersion of 0.6g nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound 50mL water, drip the NaOH of 0.5mol/L, regulate pH to neutral.
(6) during in inciting somebody to action (5), (4) dispersion liquid adds, 80 ° of C of constant temperature, aging 12h, after reaction finishes, suction filtration, washing, 60 ° of C are dried.Obtain the houghite of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification.Its TGA-DTG graphic representation as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 2
Prepare the method steps of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant with described in embodiment 1, by the ammonium polyphosphate and 4 of the Melamino-formaldehyde resin encapsulated taking in (3), 4 '-dicarboxyl phenyl ether is respectively got 0.5g and 0.4g.
Embodiment 3
Prepare the method steps of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant with described in embodiment 1,4, the 4 '-dicarboxyl phenyl ether in (3) is changed to propanedioic acid.
Embodiment 4
Prepare the method steps of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant with described in embodiment 1,4, the 4 '-dicarboxyl phenyl ether in (3) is changed to m-phthalic acid.
Embodiment 5
Prepare the method steps of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant with described in embodiment 1, (4) middle MgCl
26H
2o and AlCl
36H
2o is changed to ZnCl
26H
2o and Al (NO)
39H
2o.
Embodiment 6
Prepare the method steps of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant with described in embodiment 1, (4) middle MgCl
26H
2o and AlCl
36H
2o is changed to ZnCl
26H
2o and Cr (NO)
39H
2o.
Embodiment 7
Prepare the method steps of nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant with described in embodiment 1, by a kind of M
iImuriate and a kind of M
iIImuriate change two kinds of M into
iIwith a kind of M
iIImuriate, as MgCl
26H
2o, ZnCl
26H
2o and AlCl
36H
2o, the mol ratio of these three kinds of metal-salts is 1:1:1.
Embodiment 8
Adopting the homo-polypropylene of Korea S's import is matrix, the flame retardant effect of the fire retardant of preparing with the present invention of 15 parts of above-described embodiment fire retardants mensuration of 100 parts of matrixes interpolations.
Enumerated 8 case study on implementation herein and set forth with principle and implementation method of the present invention, the explanation of above case study on implementation can be used to help to understand principle of the present invention and method.But above case study on implementation is not unique, should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.Meanwhile, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the principle of the invention and method, can change flexibly in specific embodiments and applications.
Claims (2)
1. a nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant, it is characterized in that its nuclear matter is ammonium polyphosphate, shell material is terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin, the di-carboxylic acid that the outside grafting molecular formula of shell is HOOC-R-COOH, wherein: R is alkylidene group, phenyl, alkyl oxide or phenyl ether; By nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound and molecular formula, be [M
iI (1-x)m
iII x(OH)
2]
x+[A
n- x/n]
x-mH
2the matrix material that the houghite of O obtains by ion exchange reaction; Wherein: M
iIbe selected from Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Zn
2+, Ni
2+, Mn
2+, Co
2+, Fe
2+in one or both, M
iIIbe selected from Al
3+, Cr
3+, Mn
3+, Fe
3+, Ce
3+in one or both; M
iIand M
iIImol ratio be 2.0～3.0:1.0; A
n-for CO
3 2-or Cl
-in one or both.
2. a preparation method for nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) prepare the mixing solutions of trimeric cyanamide and formaldehyde, wherein the mol ratio of trimeric cyanamide and formaldehyde is 3.0:1.0～2.0, and under the condition stirring, dropwise adding mass concentration is that 10% sodium carbonate solution regulates its pH=8～9, is heated to 80 ℃ of isothermal reaction 1～2h;
(2) 90～100 parts of ammonium polyphosphates are dissolved in 300 parts of dehydrated alcohols, then add the terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin solution of 20～30 parts described in step 1), with the sulfuric acid of 1mol/L, regulate between pH=4～5, be heated to 70～100 ℃ of isothermal reaction 2～4h, after reaction finishes, suction filtration, washing, 60 ℃ of oven dry, obtain the ammonium polyphosphate of Melamino-formaldehyde resin encapsulated;
(3) the di-carboxylic acid that is HOOC-R-COOH by the molecular formula of the ammonium polyphosphate of 90～100 parts of Melamino-formaldehyde resin encapsulateds and 80～120 parts, join in 200 parts of methylene dichloride, first ultrasonic dispersion 30min, then stirring at room is reacted 24h, centrifugation, suction filtration, washing, 60 ℃ of oven dry, obtain the phosphorus-nitrogen compound of nucleocapsid structure;
(4) 90～120 parts of solubility divalent metal muriates and 30～60 parts of solubility trivalent metal muriates are dissolved in 3000 parts of deionized waters, dropwise add 5%～40%NaOH aqueous solution, regulate between pH=8～10, make molecular formula for [M
iI (1-x)m
iII x(OH)
2]
x+[A
n- x/n]
x-mH
2the houghite solution of O;
(5) be scattered in 1000 parts of deionized waters the nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound described in 10～20 parts of step 3) is ultrasonic, drip the NaOH solution of 0.5mol/L, regulate pH to neutral;
By (4) above-mentioned and (5) in solution mix, control 60～80 ℃ of temperature, aging 8～12h, suction filtration, washing, 60 ℃ of oven dry, obtain nucleocapsid structure phosphorus-nitrogen compound modification houghite fire retardant;
Described molecular formula is in the di-carboxylic acid of HOOC-R-COOH, and R is alkylidene group, phenyl, alkyl oxide or phenyl ether;
Described in step 4), molecular formula is [M
iI (1-x)m
iII x(OH)
2]
x+[A
n- x/n]
x-mH
2the houghite of O, wherein: M
iIbe selected from Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Zn
2+, Ni
2+, Mn
2+, Co
2+, Fe
2+in one or both, M
iIIbe selected from Al
3+, Cr
3+, Mn
3+, Fe
3+, Ce
3+in one or both; M
iIand M
iIImol ratio be 2.0～3.0:1.0; A
n-for Cl
-.
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| CN105218861A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-06 | 济南泰星精细化工有限公司 | A kind of flame-retardant smoke inhibition organically-modified hydrotalcite and preparation method thereof |
| CN107163407A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-09-15 | 浙江省仙居县中兴橡胶密封件有限公司 | Halogen-free flameproof EPDM/PP thermoplastic sulfurized rubbers and preparation method thereof |
| CN110105298B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2022-08-30 | 湘潭大学 | Synthesis of nitrogen-sulfur containing synergistic flame-retardant compound and preparation method of intercalation modified hydrotalcite |
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Inventor after: Ai Shiyun Inventor after: Qiao Zhi Inventor after: Yin Huanshun Inventor after: Fan Hai Inventor after: Dong Jing Inventor after: Zhang Kun Inventor before: Ai Shiyun Inventor before: Qiao Zhi Inventor before: Yin Huanshun Inventor before: Fan Hai Inventor before: Dong Jing Inventor before: Zhang Kun |
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