CN102821797A - 自主心脏泵及在这种泵中执行的方法 - Google Patents

自主心脏泵及在这种泵中执行的方法 Download PDF

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CN102821797A
CN102821797A CN201080062539XA CN201080062539A CN102821797A CN 102821797 A CN102821797 A CN 102821797A CN 201080062539X A CN201080062539X A CN 201080062539XA CN 201080062539 A CN201080062539 A CN 201080062539A CN 102821797 A CN102821797 A CN 102821797A
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S.加里古伊
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种心脏泵,该心脏泵包括:旋转脉冲发生器,该旋转脉冲发生器部分地插入体循环心室,该旋转脉冲发生器配备有:膜,该膜被缝合到心脏的外壁从而将该旋转脉冲发生器牢固地连接到心脏壁;壳体,该壳体设置在体循环心室的内部从而使该心脏泵吸入然后输送血液;马达,该马达连接到壳体并且部分地设置在体循环心室的外部从而便于维护;管理单元,该管理单元被集成到腹上区中,并且包括电源和用于控制旋转脉冲发生器的控制单元;以及有线连接装置,该有线连接装置在管理单元与旋转脉冲发生器之间。

Description

自主心脏泵及在这种泵中执行的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种允许调节血流量的人工心脏泵。
背景技术
心脏是中空的肌肉,通过其节律性收缩而确保血液在血管中的流动。心脏包含四个腔。右心房和左心房位于心脏的上部;右心室和左心室位于下部。
右心室被设计用于接收来自右心房的血液然后将其排射入肺动脉。这形成了允许将血液送至肺进行复氧的“小循环”。
左心室经由左心房重新获得来自肺的经复氧的血液,然后将该血液向主动脉排射从而把氧带给机体的所有组织。这是“大循环”,称为体循环。
心功能不全(CI),即心脏提供在日常生活中个体代谢需求所必需血流量的能力的进行性不足,是西方国家的第二大死亡原因。根据目前的技术,旨在以适合于患者需要的方式增加血流量的心功能不全的治疗并非十分有效且极昂贵。
已知有文件US2009/0024212,该文件描述了一种用于治疗由于心脏半月瓣失效所导致心功能不全的泵。此泵具有从左心室内部延伸到主动脉内部以取代该半月瓣的功能的细长形状。
还已知有文件US6217541,该文件描述了一种也经主动脉插入心室内部的心脏泵。该泵的端部吸入左心室中所容纳的血液,然后经由与泵端部一体化且设置成经过瓣的柔性通道将血液输送至主动脉。
上述泵要求复杂的安装并且不是设计用于永久使用。
也已知有文件US6234772,该文件描述了一种可植入式旋转泵。此泵被磁驱动且用于强制血液循环,从而避免任何停滞区域。此文件对于该泵的任何高效安装仍然未有描述。
文件WO2010/010407描述了一种从左心室经主动脉瓣排放血液的旋转式心脏辅助泵。用紧固件将此泵经过主动脉瓣固定在主动脉中且固定在心室心尖部。电动机位于经过主动脉瓣的导管中。
最后,已知有文件US2005/0107657,该文件描述了一种左心室辅助装置(混流血液泵),其具有借助于位于装置中心的旋转推动器实现的、所谓“径向”血液入口回路和所谓“轴向”血液出口回路。利用半刚性杆将基部经过心室心尖部保持在左心室腔的内部,同时该装置的顶点经过主动脉瓣,并且对该瓣进行功能修改或者取消该瓣。在手术中,进行心肺转流装置安装的胸骨切开术是必须的,因为必须在主动脉根处制作切口。电动机位于该装置的内部,因此位于左心室的内部。此文件还公开了一种泵直径与推动器每分钟转数(高达11,000 rpm)之间的最佳效率方程式。泵的直径被指定为约20至22毫米。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种与目前系统的安装相比易于安装的新心脏泵。
本发明的另一个目的是简化被设计用于长期使用的这种泵的维护。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种并不非常侵入心脏的心室且提供保持稳定的稳定性的泵。
前述目的中的至少一个目的是利用如下心脏泵来实现的,该心脏泵包括:
-推动器,该推动器经过心脏壁部分地插入心脏的体循环心室,该推动器配备有:
·密封及固定膜,该密封及固定膜被缝合到心脏的外壁,即心外膜,从而将推动器固定到心脏壁,
·壳体,该壳体设置在体循环心室的内部从而吸入血液然后在体循环心室的半月瓣方向上排放血液,
·马达,该马达部分地设置在体循环心室的外部且连接到所述壳体;
-管理单元,该管理单元包括电源和推动器控制单元;
-有线连接装置(wired link),该有线连接装置是在管理单元与推动器之间。
 “体循环心室”表示专用于经由主动脉给患者身体提供氧的血液循环的心室。原则上,左心室发挥此作用,但在某些病理状态下可能由右心室发挥此作用。
对于根据本发明的心脏泵,推动器牢固地固定到心脏壁并且患者可以主动地移动而无任何损伤的风险。通过直接地控制血液循环而直接地作用于血流量。本发明的泵是针对所有心功能不全患者而没有前提条件。
此外,马达部分地处在心脏外部的布置表示可从心室的外部接近该马达,这样能够简化维护。
有利地,可以将推动器插入并缝合在靠近心脏心尖部的心脏底部。优选地,马达是可拆除的,以便如果马达发生故障可以容易地将其更换。
根据本发明的推动器是不同类型的生物相容性推动器,例如旋转或者排放类型的。
根据本发明的第一变型,所述推动器属于旋转式并且包括设置在壳体中的螺旋桨轴。在这种情况下,利用离心力进行血液排放。第二变型的特征可在于:所述推动器属于旋转式并且包括设置在壳体中的阿基米德螺旋或者“蜗杆”轴。在这种情况下,利用沿壳体的纵向推力进行排放。
优选地,所述壳体是细长的圆筒,在其侧壁上穿有孔从而能够排放吸入的血液,并且所述壳体的旋转轴线朝向相应的半月瓣。这种布置允许将血液向半月瓣排射,但也允许高效率地吸入来自体循环心房的血液。“体循环心房”表示与体循环心室相关联的心房。
根据本发明,所述管理单元可以设置在患者的外部,但优选在内部,有利地在腹上区中,在腹部的上部中。因此,不同于现有技术的系统,根据本发明的电源优选地以其全体植入而无任何外部化。为了实现此目的,该电源可以包括至少一个电池,优选可充电电池;选择性地,可以利用经皮转导(percutaneous transduction)进行电池的再充电。
因此,根据本发明的泵可以完全地被植入并且是自主的。
根据本发明的一个有利特征,所述泵也可以包括传感器,称为活动传感器,该传感器用于收集心脏活动从而使推动器的工作与心脏的电收缩活动同步;此活动传感器可以连接到心脏壁并且可以具有连接到管理单元的有线连接装置。此构造允许使推动器的工作与心律同步。
在一个完全集成的构造中,活动传感器经由所述有线连接装置连接到管理单元。在这种情况下,有线连接装置形成了管理单元与推动器之间的仅有连接。
根据本发明的一个有利实施例,所述心脏泵包括心脏活动收集及刺激传感器,称为体循环传感器,该传感器连接到体循环心室的壁并且能够经由有线或无线连接与管理单元进行通信,特别是通过无限遥测技术。此传感器发挥收集心脏信息以及响应于来自管理单元的指令刺激心脏以收缩肌肉的双重作用。可以设置相同类型的第二传感器,称为非体循环传感器,该传感器连接到非体循环心室的壁并且能够经由有线或无线连接与管理单元进行通信,特别是利用无限遥测技术。在这种情况下,可以通过控制这两个传感器来执行两心室刺激。能够刺激心脏的事实允许推动器对血流量的直接作用与对心脏收缩的间接作用相结合。由不同传感器所检测的心律也允许推动器的工作与心脏活动同步。换句话说,当能够收集关于心脏活动的信息或者可以在连续模式中工作时,推动器与心室收缩活动同步。
也可以设想另一心脏活动收集及刺激传感器,称为心房传感器,该传感器连接到体循环心房的壁并且能够与管理单元进行通信从而完善心脏活动收集及刺激系统。通信可以是有线或无线通信,特别是利用无限遥测技术。
当其与管理单元进行无限通信时,就电源而言,传感器是自主的。
特别地除上述以外,根据本发明的泵还可以有利地包括心脏活动收集、刺激及去纤颤传感器,称为去纤颤传感器,该传感器连接到心脏壁并且具有连接到管理单元的有线连接装置;所述控制单元也被配置成除纤颤器。
可替代地,可以提供具有与除纤颤器之间的无线连接的管理单元。除纤颤器可以在外部(皮肤的)或者不在外部,特别是独立的可植入自动除纤颤器,但特别是利用无线电波与管理单元进行通信。
根据本发明的一个有利实施例,如上所述的第二推动器设置在非体循环心室上并且也连接到管理单元。
根据本发明的另一方面,提出一种借助于如上所述心脏泵调节心脏中血流量的方法。根据本发明,根据预定的控制规律或者根据与心脏活动有关的自动控制指令来控制泵的速度和工作时间,由此调节血流量。利用自动控制指令实时地控制血流量。
有利地,借助于连接到心脏壁且具有与管理单元的有线连接装置的传感器收集心脏活动,由此产生自动控制指令。也可以借助于连接到心脏壁且具有与管理单元的有线连接装置的至少一个刺激传感器刺激心脏,由此调节血流量。
附图说明
通过阅读实施例的详细说明和附图,本发明的其它优点和特征将变得显而易见,该实施例决不是限制性的,在附图中:
图1是插入心脏左心室的根据本发明的心脏泵的简化图解视图;和
图2是根据本发明的心脏泵的图解视图,该心脏泵配备有多个传感器或心外膜电极从而高效地使心脏泵相对于心脏活动同步。
具体实施方式
现在将对植入心脏左心室(原则上是体循环心室)的心脏泵进行描述,尽管本发明并不局限于此。然而,当右心室是体循环心室时,本发明也可以同样地应用于右心室。
在图1和图2中,各种变型或实施例共有的构件具有相同的附图标记。
在图1和图2中,心脏作为整体用附图标记1来标示。可以看到右心室2,它具有经半月瓣4向肺动脉3排射血液的功能。左心室5具有通过将经充氧的血液经由半月瓣7向主动脉6排射而执行体循环的功能。
右心房8经由心房-肺动脉瓣9向右心室2提供血液。左心房10经由心房-肺动脉瓣11向左心室5提供血液。
根据本发明的泵包括管理单元12,该管理单元12具有连接到推动器14的有线连接装置13,推动器14在心尖部亦即在左心室的下尖端处部分地插入左心室5。
所述推动器包括马达15,该马达15大部分置于左心室的外部,因此与胸骨切开术(其中胸部被完全打开)相比在小切口(手术切口)和/或经由上腹部途径的手术之后能容易地接近该马达。此马达可以是磁驱动马达,该磁驱动马达配备有延伸到心室内部的采用驱动轴形式的转子。该驱动轴可以是允许将血液从心室底部向主动脉6排射的“蜗杆”型(阿基米德螺旋)。此驱动轴可以有利地是具有设置在其自由端的螺旋桨17的驱动轴16。此螺旋桨形成为使得血液流体动力学允许将血液向主动脉6排射。为了实现此目的,在驱动轴16及其螺旋桨17的整个周围形成有圆筒形壳体18。壳体18在其侧壁上包括至少一个开口、优选例如呈蜂窝结构的数个开口,使得允许利用螺旋桨17的动作吸入来自左心房的血液并且允许经过形成壳体18的圆筒中的上开口排放血液。圆筒形壳体18的旋转轴线指向主动脉口。有利地,在通过缝合使推动器定位期间获得这种定向。本领域技术人员将容易地理解,其它类型的小型化生物相容性马达也可以用于吸入和排放血液。一般来说,用于实施根据本发明的泵的材料是生物相容性材料,因此可以植入患者体内。
将推动器14插入心脏的心尖部并且借助于圆形的密封及固定膜19将推动器14保持在心脏的心尖部。
可以设想出提供完全密封的其它类型的膜。此膜19围绕马达15被缝合到心脏外壁上使得确保左心室5与心脏外部之间的完全密封。
有线连接装置13将推动器14连接到管理单元12,该管理单元包括电源23(例如电池)以及可远距离配置的控制单元24。有线连接装置13包括控制线21,该控制线21使控制单元24能够发送控制指令给推动器14,并且控制线21可以是双向的。缆线20是连接到马达15的电源缆线。缆线22允许管理单元12电性连接到插入心脏壁中以收集心脏的心脏活动的可选择的活动传感器S1。可以经过密封及固定膜19插入活动传感器S1或者在该膜的外部从而不损坏该密封件。活动传感器S1还能够刺激左心室或右心室。在这些情况下,活动传感器S1被布置在与左心室或右心室相对应的壁中。
采用根据本发明的这种心脏泵,管理单元12与推动器14之间的连接利用唯一的有线连接装置13而实现。
在工作期间,管理单元配置成根据预定规律或控制指令来调节马达转速和工作时间。当设置用于收集心脏活动的传感器(例如活动传感器S1)时,控制单元24可以配置成基于心律实时地自动地控制马达。此自动控制允许旋转推动器与心率同步。
优选地,将管理单元植入患者腹腔内的腹上区。因此可以设置成控制单元24能够利用无限通信而进行远距离配置。
图2示出了一个实施例中的包含一些传感器或心外膜电极的本发明心脏泵的一个实例。
设置在心脏上的传感器是属于信息采集及刺激类型的。这些传感器用于识别电激活的开始并且使推动器与瓣膜的打开同步。当这两个心室各自设置有一个推动器时,各推动器与相应瓣膜的打开同步。有利地,将各推动器的频率调整成为每个心动周期输送20 ml到35 ml之间的收缩期射血体积。
由于在瓣膜打开(在收缩期期间)时心室中的推动器的启动会增加排射的血液量,因此根据本发明的泵允许增加收缩期射血体积,因而增加血流量。
根据图2中所示的实例,根据本发明的泵包括心脏活动收集及刺激传感器,称为体循环传感器S2,该传感器特别地允许利用肌肉收缩刺激左心室。连接到管理单元12的此体循环传感器S2被设置在左心室上的心脏壁中。类似地,另一个心脏活动收集及刺激传感器,称为非体循环传感器S3,被设置在右心室的壁上并且连接到管理单元12。该传感器特别地允许利用肌肉收缩刺激右心室。两个传感器S2和S3的联合动作允许从控制单元24执行两心室刺激使得按照预定的规律或者响应于给定的指令来维持心律。
在图2中,在左心房的壁上也可以看到连接到管理单元12的心脏活动收集及刺激传感器,称为心房传感器S4。有利地,控制单元24可以配置成使体循环传感器S2和非体循环传感器S3的刺激相对于从传感器S4收集的信息同步。
特别地除上述以外,每个传感器S2和S4还均可以起到活动传感器S1的作用。
为了应对心室纤颤的风险,而设置布置在心脏外壁上的心外膜补片或去纤颤传感器S5,控制单元配置成检测纤颤状况以及输送低能量电脉冲。
为了充分地了解心脏活动,而设置患者活动检测器25,诸如加速计或者压力传感器,例如设置在管理单元12中或者并入前述传感器之一中。这种检测器可以用于心脏变时功能不全的患者,以便检测患者身体活动的任何加速并且就该加速向控制单元发送信号。
还设置了血液动力学检测器,用于检测患者的血液动力学状态从而补充所获得的关于心律的信息并且有效地控制推动器。血液动力学检测器可以是PEA(峰值心内加速)类型的心内加速检测器,例如与电极S2一起植入。
因此,根据本发明的心脏泵允许调节血流量从而避免任何心功能不全。此外,可以利用小切口术将该泵植入心脏。旋转推动器可以插入在左心室的心尖部(下尖端),并且如果需要的话可以将第二旋转推动器插入在右心室的心尖部。这两个推动器可以有利地连接到置于腹上区中的管理单元。因此,它是一种不使电装置及电源装置外部化的闭合系统。
当然,本发明并不局限于已描述的实例,在不超过本发明的范围的情况下可以对这些实例做出许多调整。

Claims (18)

1.一种心脏泵,包括:
- 推动器(14),所述推动器(14)经过心脏壁部分地插入心脏的体循环心室(5),此推动器配备有:
·密封及固定膜(19),所述密封及固定膜(19)被缝合到心脏的外壁从而将所述推动器固定到心脏壁,
·壳体(18),所述壳体(18)被设置在所述体循环心室的内部从而吸入血液然后在所述体循环心室的半月瓣(7)的方向上排放血液,
·马达(15),所述马达(15)被部分地设置在所述体循环心室的外部并且连接到所述壳体;
- 管理单元(12),所述管理单元(12)包括电源(23)和推动器控制单元(24);以及
- 有线连接装置(13),所述有线连接装置(13)在所述管理单元与所述推动器之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述密封及固定膜(19)是圆形的从而确保完全密封并且将所述推动器固定到靠近心脏心尖部的心脏底部。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述推动器属于旋转式并且包括设置在所述壳体中的螺旋桨轴(16)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述推动器属于旋转式并且包括设置在所述壳体中的阿基米德螺旋或蜗杆轴。
5.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述壳体(18)是细长的圆筒,在该圆筒的侧壁上穿有孔从而能够排放吸入的血液,并且所述壳体的旋转轴线朝向相应的半月瓣。
6.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述管理单元(12)是生物相容性的,以便能够将其设置在患者内的腹上区中。
7.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述马达(15)是能拆除的。
8.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述电源(23)包括至少一个可充电电池。
9.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述心脏泵还包括称为活动传感器(S1)的传感器,此传感器用于收集心脏活动从而使所述推动器的工作与心脏电收缩活动同步;此活动传感器连接到心脏壁并且具有连接到所述管理单元的有线连接装置。
10.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述心脏泵包括称为体循环传感器(S2)的心脏活动收集及刺激传感器,该传感器连接到所述体循环心室的壁并且能够与所述管理单元进行通信。
11.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述心脏泵还包括称为非体循环传感器(S3)的心脏活动收集及刺激传感器,该传感器连接到所述非体循环心室的壁并且能够与所述管理单元进行通信。
12.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述心脏泵还包括称为心房传感器(S4)的心脏活动收集及刺激传感器,该传感器连接到体循环心房的壁并且能够与所述管理单元进行通信。
13.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述心脏泵还包括称为去纤颤传感器(S5)的心脏活动收集、刺激及去纤颤传感器,该传感器连接到心脏壁并且具有连接到所述管理单元的有线连接装置;所述控制单元还被配置成除纤颤器。
14.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述管理单元(12)具有与除纤颤器的无线连接。
15.如前面权利要求中任一项所述的心脏泵,其特征在于,所述心脏泵还包括第二推动器,所述第二推动器被设置在所述非体循环心室上并且连接到所述管理单元。
16.一种借助于心脏泵调节心脏中血流量的方法,所述心脏泵包括:
- 推动器,所述推动器经过心脏壁部分地插入心脏的体循环心室,此推动器配备有:
·密封及固定膜,所述密封及固定膜被缝合到心脏的外壁从而将所述推动器固定到心脏壁,
·壳体,所述壳体设置在所述体循环心室的内部从而吸入血液然后在所述体循环心室的半月瓣方向上排放血液,
·马达,所述马达设置在所述体循环心室的外部并且连接到所述壳体;
- 管理单元,所述管理单元包括电源和推动器控制单元;
- 有线连接装置,所述有线连接装置在所述管理单元与所述推动器之间;并且
在所述方法中,根据预定的控制规律或者根据与心脏活动有关的自动控制指令来控制所述泵的速度和工作时间,由此调节血流量。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,借助于连接到心脏壁且具有与所述管理单元的有线连接装置的传感器收集心脏活动,由此产生所述自动控制指令。
18.如权利要求 16或17所述的方法,其特征在于,借助于连接到心脏壁且具有与所述管理单元的有线连接装置的至少一个刺激传感器刺激心脏,由此调节血流量。
CN201080062539XA 2010-01-28 2010-12-30 自主心脏泵及在这种泵中执行的方法 Pending CN102821797A (zh)

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JP5792744B2 (ja) 2015-10-14
FR2955499B1 (fr) 2013-06-14
CA2787601C (fr) 2019-01-15
JP2013517873A (ja) 2013-05-20
CA2787601A1 (fr) 2011-08-04
US20160008527A1 (en) 2016-01-14
EP2528638A1 (fr) 2012-12-05
WO2011092394A1 (fr) 2011-08-04
US10946128B2 (en) 2021-03-16
US20180154057A1 (en) 2018-06-07
US9138517B2 (en) 2015-09-22
US20110184224A1 (en) 2011-07-28
US9919089B2 (en) 2018-03-20
FR2955499A1 (fr) 2011-07-29

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