CN102820430A - Flexible organic/polymer solar cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Flexible organic/polymer solar cell and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102820430A
CN102820430A CN2012101486766A CN201210148676A CN102820430A CN 102820430 A CN102820430 A CN 102820430A CN 2012101486766 A CN2012101486766 A CN 2012101486766A CN 201210148676 A CN201210148676 A CN 201210148676A CN 102820430 A CN102820430 A CN 102820430A
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solar cell
derivative
polymer
organic
interface layer
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吴宏滨
赵宝锋
何志才
曹镛
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

The invention provides a flexible organic/polymer solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The flexible organic/polymer solar cell is formed by a flexible substrate, a cathode, a cathode interface layer, an optical active layer, an anode interface layer and an anode sequentially in a stacking mode. The flexible organic/polymer solar cell is characterized in that the flexible substrate is used, the cathode interface layer is arranged between the cathode and the optical active layer, the cathode interface layer is composed of conjugated polymers of polar units containing polar groups or ionic groups or is composed of corresponding polyelectrolyte of the cathode interface layer, and the cathode interface layer is formed by a method of spin coating, brush coating, spray coating, dip coating, roller coating, silk-screen printing, printing or ink-jet printing. According to the flexible organic/polymer solar cell and the preparation method, the performance of the flexible organic/polymer solar cell as well as the stability and the life of a device of the solar cell are greatly improved, a solution processing technology and a low-temperature processing technology are adopted, preparation technologies are simple, the large-area batch production can be achieved, and the manufacturing cost is low.

Description

A kind of flexibility is organic/the polymer solar cell and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the photoelectric device field, particularly organic/polymer (macromolecule) solar cell and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the increase year by year of global energy demand, the exhaustion day by day of the disposable energy such as oil, coal, and from needs such as the environment of preserving our planet, people have invested increasing sight regenerative resources such as solar energy, Hydrogen Energy.The research of solar energy and be applied in decades in the past and obtained huge development.
Compare with the hard substrate batteries such as hull cell of the board-like crystalline silicon of conventional flat, glass substrate; The flexible substrate film solar cell is gone up preparation at flexible material (like stainless steel, polyester film); Its maximum characteristics are in light weight, and are collapsible, are difficult for broken; And have the higher quality specific power, begin to receive people's attention in recent years.
Flexible substrate solar cell application is very extensive.Can be positioned in roof, wall face, the window of the building such as out-of-flatnesses such as cabin surface, house of top, sailing boat, racing boat, the motor boat of streamlined car.Because flexible thin-film battery has the higher quality specific power, have bendability simultaneously in addition, be suitable for the stratospheric airship surface of earth observation.In meteorology, military purposes also very extensively.
Compare with the conventional crystal silicon solar cell, flexible solar cell also has special advantages on production technology.Flexible solar cell consumes less raw material, does not have the polysilicon problem of shortage, and automaticity is high, and process has only the half the of crystalline silicon.
At present, common flexible solar cell has amorphous silicon flexible solar cell, CIGS flexible battery, flexible dye-sensitized solar cell [Pagliaro M, Ciriminna R; Palmisano G. Flexible solar cells, ChemSusChem, 2008; 1,880-891].Because the shortage of silicon, phosphide material, cause amorphous silicon, CIGS flexible battery cost higher.Flexible dye-sensitized solar cell usually adopts liquid electrolyte in encapsulation process, thereby causes liquid electrolyte in use to leak easily, and environment has been caused certain destruction, has limited its commercial application.
Organic/polymer (macromolecule) solar cell has received extensive concern [C. W. Tang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 48,183 (1986) .] owing to advantages such as having low cost, easy processing, light weight, easy preparation broad area device.The highest energy conversion efficiency of organic at present/polymer (macromolecule) solar cell is about 8%, also has one section bigger distance apart from commercialization.Therefore, the research of organic polymer solar cell also faces very big challenge, has only the high efficiency of acquisition higher, the device of stable performance, and its business-like production of ability is applied to the applied all spectra of present inorganic solar cell.
Flexible organic/polymer (macromolecule) solar cell has bright application prospect; Because it all has superior characteristics [Mayer A C, Scully S R, Hardin B E on raw material, device performance and production technology; Et al. Polymer-based solar cells [J]. materials today; 2007,10,28].Prepare flexible organic/method of polymer (macromolecule) solar cell has volume to volume ink-jet printing technology [Hoth C N, Choulis S A, Schilinsky P; Et al. High photovoltaic performance of inkjet printed polymer:Fullerene blends [J]. Adv Mater; 2007,19 (22): 3973-+.], brushing technology or the like [Kim S S, Na S I; Jo J; Et al. Efficient polymer solar cells fabricated by simple brush painting [J]. Adv Mater, 2007,19 (24): 4410-+.].Flexible organic/polymer (macromolecule) solar cell do not need expensive filming equipment; Synthesis of organic substance matter is regulated absorption spectrum and carrier transmission characteristics as required, and used raw material still less; Only need the thick organic film of 100 nm, just can fully absorb solar spectrum.
In general; Flexibility organic/aspect polymer (macromolecule) solar cell cathode buffer layer prepares, broad research and what obtain bigger progress is to adopt zinc oxide (ZnO) presoma method [Krebs F C, Gevorgyan S A at present; Alstrup J. A roll-to-roll process to flexible polymer solar cells:model studies; Manufacture and operational stability studies [J]. J Mater Chem, 2009,19 (30): 5442-51.]; This method must experience 140-200 ℃ high-temperature process; In order to promote the ZnO presoma to decompose, remove organic principle residual in the film, make ZnO amorphous component crystallization, reduce the defective in the ZnO crystal, improve the interconnect function of ZnO film and backing material.Yet owing to 150 ℃ of general flexible substrate heatproofs, therefore adopt the difficult realization high-efficiency soft of traditional handicraft organic polymer solar cell, be unfavorable for large-scale industrial production.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome all deficiencies and the restriction that above-mentioned prior art exists, propose novel flexible organic/polymer (macromolecule) solar cell and preparation method thereof, concrete technical scheme is following.
A kind of flexibility is organic/the polymer solar cell; It is characterized in that comprising the flexible substrate, negative electrode, cathode interface layer, photoactive layer, anodic interface layer and the anode that stack gradually, the material of said cathode interface layer adopts polarity unit conjugated polymer or its corresponding polyelectrolyte that contains polar group or ionic group.
In above-mentioned flexible organic/polymer solar cell solar cell, said flexible substrate is to be formed by flexible, folding film.
Further, the material of said flexible substrate is by polyimides, PETG, mylar's fat, PEN or other polyester material, and metal, alloy or stainless steel film are formed.
Employed cathode interface layer material among the present invention; Its representative structure is at Chinese invention patent " organic/polymer LED "; (patent No.: ZL200310117518.5) the existing detailed description in detail is the conjugated polymer of the polarity unit that contains polar group or ionic group with following structure:
Figure BDA0000163275641
(0.5≤x≤1 wherein; 0≤y+ z≤0.5; X+y+z=1); The degree of polymerization (n) is the arbitrary integer between the 1-300;
A is the polarity conjugate unit that contains polar group or ionic group, has the following wherein combination of one or more structures:
Fluorenes:
Figure BDA0000163275642
R wherein 1, R 2For having wherein one or more side chain of amido, quaternary ammonium salt base, itrile group, carboxyl, sulfonic group, phosphate;
To benzene:
Figure BDA0000163275643
R wherein 1, R 2For having amido, quaternary ammonium salt base, itrile group, carboxyl, sulfonic group, wherein one or more side chains of phosphate;
Spiral-to benzene:
Figure BDA0000163275644
R wherein 1, R 2For having wherein one or more side chain of amido, quaternary ammonium salt base, itrile group, carboxyl, sulfonic group, phosphate;
Carbazole:
Figure BDA0000163275645
R wherein 1For having wherein one or more side chain of amido, quaternary ammonium salt base, itrile group, carboxyl, sulfonic group, phosphate;
Wherein B has one or more following structures for not containing the component of polarity or ionic group:
Fluorenes:
Figure BDA0000163275646
R wherein 3, R 4Be H, C 1-C 20Alkyl;
To benzene: R wherein 3, R 4Be H, C 1-C 20Alkyl, alkoxyl;
Spiral-to benzene:
Figure BDA0000163275648
R wherein 3, R 4Be H, C 1-C 20Alkyl;
Carbazole:
Figure BDA0000163275649
R wherein 3Be H, C 1-C 20Alkyl;
C is for containing sulphur, silicon, and nitrogen, the fragrant heterocyclic units of selenium has one or more following structures:
Benzo thiophene (selenium) diazole and derivative thereof:
Figure BDA00001632756410
;
Figure BDA00001632756411
;
Figure BDA00001632756412
;
Wherein, X is sulphur (S) or selenium (Se), R 5, R 6, R 7, R 8-be H, or C 1～C 10Alkyl.
Quinoline and derivative thereof: ;
Figure BDA00001632756414
;
Thiophene and derivative thereof: ;
Figure BDA00001632756416
;
Figure BDA00001632756417
;
Selenophen and derivative thereof:
Figure BDA00001632756418
;
Figure BDA00001632756419
; ;
Quinoxaline derivant:
Figure BDA00001632756421
;
Figure BDA00001632756422
;
Figure BDA00001632756423
;
Figure BDA00001632756424
;
Wherein, X is sulphur (S) or selenium (Se), R 9, R 10-be H, or C 1～C 10Alkyl.
Thiophene is coughed up (Silole) derivative:
Figure BDA00001632756425
;
Figure BDA00001632756426
;
Figure BDA00001632756427
;
Wherein, X is sulphur (S) or selenium (Se), R 11, R 12-be H or C 1～C 10Alkyl, or to phenyl.
In above-mentioned flexible organic/polymer solar cell, said photoactive layer can be by conjugated polymer (polythiophene and derivative thereof, polyparaphenylene's second and ene derivative thereof; Gather fluorenes and derivative thereof; Polycarbazole and derivative thereof gather that thiophene is coughed up and derivative) as electron donor material, carbon 60 and derivative thereof are (for example; [6,6]-phenyl-C 61-methyl butyrate (PC 61Or carbon 70 and derivative (for example, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate (PC thereof BM)) 71BM)) or the inorganic semiconductor nano particle (for example; Zinc oxide; Titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride etc.) electron acceptor material; Electron donor material and electron acceptor material are formed mixed solution in organic solvent, form photoactive layer through spin coating, brushing, spraying, dip-coating, roller coat, silk screen printing, printing or inkjet printing mode.
In above-mentioned flexible organic/polymer solar cell, said photoactive layer is with conjugated polymer (polythiophene and derivative thereof, polyparaphenylene's second and ene derivative thereof; Gather fluorenes and derivative thereof; Polycarbazole and derivative thereof gather that thiophene is coughed up and derivative) as electron donor material and carbon 60 and derivative thereof (for example; [6,6]-phenyl-C 61-methyl butyrate (PC 61Or carbon 70 and derivative (for example, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate (PC thereof BM)) 71BM)) or inorganic semiconductor nano particle (for example, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride etc.) electron acceptor material lamination constitute.
In above-mentioned flexible organic/polymer solar cell, said photoactive layer is with organic small molecular semiconductor material (for example, acene class; Phthalein cyanogen class, thiophene oligomer) (for example as electron donor material and carbon 60 and derivative thereof; [6,6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC 61Or carbon 70 and derivative (for example, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate (PC thereof BM)) 71BM)) or inorganic semiconductor nano particle (for example, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride etc.) constitute as the electron acceptor material lamination.
The preparation method of above-mentioned flexible organic/polymer solar cell, its characteristics are the polymer as the cathode interface layer is dissolved in and are prepared into solution in the polar solvent, and solution concentration is a 0.0001-0.10 gram/cubic centimetre; And adopting spin coating, brushing, spraying, dip-coating, roller coat, silk screen printing, printing or inkjet printing mode on photoactive layer, to form the cathode interface layer the said solution, its thickness is 0.1～100 nanometer.Said polar solvent is an alcohol, the mixed solvent of water or alcohol and water.
Above-mentioned flexible organic/polymer solar cell, said negative electrode is a metal, wherein a kind of or its combination of metal oxide (for example, indium tin oxide conductive film (ITO), fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)).
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) compare with conventional flexible device, the device architecture that the present invention relates to, method can significantly improve performance, especially energy conversion efficiency and these two important indicators of short circuit current of flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell.
(2) device architecture that the present invention relates to can prolong the life-span of flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell.
(3) device architecture that the present invention relates to adopts solution processing technology and low temperature process technology, and preparation technology is simple, and cost of manufacture is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of flexible organic/polymer provided by the invention (polymer) solar cell, wherein, and the 1-flexible substrate; The 2-negative electrode; 3-cathode interface layer; The 4-photoactive layer; 5-anodic interface layer; The 6-anode.
Fig. 2 is softening under AM 1.5G simulated solar irradiation among the embodiment 1, the VA characteristic curve of flexible device provided by the invention and conventional flexible device (reference examples 1 and reference examples 2).
Fig. 3 is softening under AM 1.5G simulated solar irradiation among the embodiment 2, the VA characteristic curve of flexible device provided by the invention and conventional flexible device (reference examples 1 and reference examples 2).
Embodiment
Following instance will describe concrete technical process proposed by the invention, but the invention is not restricted to listed example.
Like Fig. 1; Flexible organic/polymer (macromolecule) solar cell stacks gradually by flexible substrate 1, negative electrode 2, cathode interface layer 3, photoactive layer 4 and anode 5 and constitutes; Between negative electrode 2 and photoactive layer 4, establish cathode interface layer 3; Said cathode interface layer 3 adopts the conjugated polymer of the polarity unit that contains polar group or ionic group, and perhaps its corresponding polyelectrolyte constitutes.
Only as giving an example; Above-mentioned solar cell preparation method comprises: some with lot number PETG (that is, flexible substrate 1)/tin indium oxide (that is, negative electrode 2) (PET/ ITO) conductive substrates; Wherein the thickness of ITO is about 130 nanometers, and its square resistance is about 40 ohms/square.With acetone, micron order semiconductor special purpose detergent, deionized water, 10 minutes cleanings of isopropyl alcohol sonicated PET/ITO substrate surface, put into the oven dry in 4 hours of 80 degrees centigrade of held of constant temperature oven subsequently successively.PET/ITO substrate after the oven dry is removed the organic attachment film and the organic pollution of PET/ITO surface attachment with oxygen plasma treatment 4 minutes.Again on the PET/ITO of oven dry; Instillation contains the conjugated polymer of the polarity unit of polar group or ionic group; The perhaps solution of its corresponding polyelectrolyte; Through high speed spin coating (600-6000 rev/min), the thickness of the cathode interface layer of acquisition is in the 0.1-100 nanometer, and promptly the cathode interface layer 3.Said cathode interface layer material adopts the conjugated polymer of the polarity unit that contains polar group or ionic group; Perhaps its corresponding polyelectrolyte; These materials have been proved to be a kind of good electron transport material; Can ohmic contact be provided to high-work-function metal, provide its preparation method in Chinese invention patent " the organic/polymer LED " (patent No.: describe ZL200310117518.5).
To change anhydrous and oxygen-free over to by the flexible substrate 1/ negative electrode 2/ cathode interface layer 3 that said method makes subsequently, be full of the special gloves case of high pure nitrogen.Under this glove box inert atmosphere, with organic/polymer donor material and electron acceptor material, carbon 60 derivatives-[6,6]-phenyl-C 61 – methyl butyrate (PC 61BM), perhaps carbon 70 derivatives-[6,6]-phenyl-C71 – methyl butyrate (PC 71BM) place clean sample bottle respectively, be mixed with solution, be placed on the heated and stirred platform and stir, fully obtain settled solution after the dissolving with organic solvent (like chlorobenzene, toluene etc.) dissolving commonly used.According to a certain percentage organic/polymer donor material and electron acceptor material are mixed then, be placed on the heated and stirred platform and stir.The preparation of photoactive layer makes through the solution that on substrate, applies organic/polymer donor material and electron acceptor material mixing.For this reason; At first just the negative-pressure adsorption that produces through mechanical pump of flexible substrate 1/ negative electrode 2/ cathode interface layer 3 is on sol evenning machine; After organic/polymer donor material and the electron acceptor material mixing of instiling is dissolved, make photoactive layer 4 through high speed spin coating (600-6000 rev/min).Generally speaking, the photoactive layer thickness that requires to make is in the 20-500 nanometer, and preferred film thickness is the 70-200 nanometer.Thickness is controlled through the rotating speed of regulating sol evenning machine and the concentration of controlling polymer donor material and electron acceptor material mixed solution.In the preparation process, the thickness of gained film is by the surface profiler actual observation record.
Subsequently, device is changed in the vacuum plating chamber, open mechanical pump and molecular pump, in the plating chamber, reach 3 * 10 -4After the high vacuum of Pa, beginning vapor deposition anodic interface layer 5 (being generally metal oxide) and anode 6 (being generally aluminium film, 100 nanometers) like molybdenum oxide.As the case may be, or select the good metal of other air stability for use, like gold, silver etc. are as electrode.In order to make above-mentioned vacuum thermal evaporation metallic film process, the growth for Thin Film rate of settling and total deposit thickness are controlled by the thermal power that applies, and monitor in real time through the quartz crystal oscillator film thickness monitor.The uv-visible absorption spectroscopy of photoactive layer or polymer-electronics donor material is recorded by HP8453A type diode array formula ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, wave-length coverage 190 nanometers～1100 nanometers of test.
Solar cell is the power conversion device, be electric energy with solar energy converting, so the mensuration of any solar cell device performance parameter will be testing standard with the sunlight all finally.The radiant illumination of AM1.5G measurement standard commonly used is 1000 watts/square metre in the laboratory.When carrying out the performance test of polymer solar cell, at first to confirm the whether irradiance of compound AM1.5G of light source with standard cell with solar simulation light.The standard silicon solar cell is through calibrating: under the AM1.5G standard spectrum, promptly under the rayed of 1000 watts/square metre radiant illumination, have definite short-circuit current value.After confirming irradiation intensity, can test device.Carry out the solar cell performance test with solar simulation light, can draw the energy conversion efficiency of solar simulation light easily, its computational methods can directly be obtained by definition:
η = P MAX P in = ( IV ) MAX / S P in × 100 ( % )
P wherein MAXFor peak power output (unit: milliwatt), P In(unit: milliwatt/square centimeter), S is the effective area (unit: square centimeter) of device for radiant illumination.The apparatus of measuring polymer solar cell performance is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Figure BDA00001632756429
The effect of inversion device architecture on enhancing organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell performance for showing that the present invention adopted adopts the conventional structure device in addition, and the flexible device that does not contain the cathode interface layer is as reference examples.
Embodiment 1
Select flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell device architecture shown in Figure 1 for use, select for use PETG, select for use and gather [9 as flexible substrate; 9-dioctyl fluorene-9; Two (N, the N-dimethyl amine propyl group) fluorenes of 9-] (PFN) as the cathode interface layer, benzo two thiophene derivants (PTB7) are as the polymer-electronics donor material; Carbon 70 derivatives-[6,6]-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate (PC 71BM) be electron acceptor material, having prepared device architecture is that device architecture is PET/ITO/PFN/PTB7:PC 71BM/MoO 3Flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell of/Al, and be to have measured its VA characteristic curve (as shown in Figure 2) under 700 watts/square metre the AM 1.5 G simulated solar irradiations in radiant illumination.Experiment has also prepared conventional flexible device based on low temperature process as reference examples.Wherein, the structure of reference examples 1 is: PET/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTB7:PC 71BM/Al, the structure of reference examples 2 is PET/ITO/PTB7:PC 71BM/ MoO 3/ Al.
According to volt-ampere curve shown in Figure 2, table 2 has been listed based on flexible device of the present invention, with other performance difference based on the conventional flexible device of low temperature process.Can find out by table 2; Organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell based on flexibility of the present invention; Compare energy conversion efficiency with other conventional flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell (reference examples 1,2) based on low temperature process; Short-circuit current density, these several parameters of open circuit voltage and fill factor, curve factor all have raising in various degree.Show that the scheme that the present invention proposes has the important function of improving flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell device performance.
Table 2 uses benzo two thiophene derivants (PTB7) as the polymer-electronics donor material, carbon 70 derivatives-[6,6]-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate (PC 71BM) be electron acceptor material, based on organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell of flexibility of the present invention, with other performance contrast based on conventional flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell of low temperature process.
Table 2
Embodiment 2
Repeat embodiment 1, select for use and gather 3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT), [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 – methyl butyrate (PC as the electron donor material in the photoactive layer 4 61BM) as the electron acceptor material in the photoactive layer 4, other condition is constant, and having prepared device architecture is that device architecture is PET/ITO/PFN/P3HT:PC 61BM/MoO 3Flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell of/Al.Experiment has also prepared conventional flexible device based on low temperature process as reference examples.Wherein, the structure of reference examples 1 is: PET/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PC 61BM/Al, the structure of reference examples 2 is PET/ITO/P3HT:PC 61BM/ MoO 3/ Al).In radiant illumination the VA characteristic curve of having measured various devices under 1000 watts/square metre the AM 1.5 G simulated solar irradiations, experiment as shown in Figure 3.Each item results of property of device is listed in table 3.
Can find out, be electron donor material to gather the 3-hexyl thiophene, adopts device architecture provided by the invention; Flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell of preparation; Compare energy conversion efficiency with other conventional flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell (reference examples 1,2) based on low temperature process; Short-circuit current density, these several parameters of open circuit voltage and fill factor, curve factor all have raising in various degree.Show that the scheme that the present invention proposes has the important function of improving flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell device performance.
Table 3 gathers 3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) as the electron donor material in the photoactive layer 4, [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 – methyl butyrate (PC 61BM) as the electron acceptor material in the photoactive layer 4, based on organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell of flexibility of the present invention, with other performance contrast based on conventional flexible organic/polymer (polymer) solar cell of low temperature process.
Table 3
Figure BDA00001632756431

Claims (10)

  1. A flexibility organic/the polymer solar cell; It is characterized in that comprising the flexible substrate (1), negative electrode (2), cathode interface layer (3), photoactive layer (4), anodic interface layer (5) and the anode (6) that stack gradually, the material of said cathode interface layer (3) adopts polarity unit conjugated polymer or its corresponding polyelectrolyte that contains polar group or ionic group.
  2. 2. flexibility according to claim 1 is organic/polymer solar cell solar cell, it is characterized in that said flexible substrate is to be formed by flexible, folding film.
  3. 3. flexibility according to claim 1 and 2 is organic/polymer solar cell solar cell; The material that it is characterized in that said flexible substrate is by polyimides, PETG, mylar's fat, PEN or other polyester material, and metal, alloy or stainless steel film are formed.
  4. 4. flexibility according to claim 1 is organic/the polymer solar cell, it is characterized in that the said polarity unit conjugated polymer that contains polar group or ionic group has following structure:
    Figure FDA0000163275631
    ,
    In the formula: x, y, z are the molecule molar fraction, and 0.5≤x≤1; 0≤y+ z≤0.5; X+y+z=1; Polymerization degree n is 1～300;
    A is the polarity conjugate unit that contains polar group or ionic group, has the following wherein combination of one or more structures:
    Fluorenes:
    Figure FDA0000163275632
    , R wherein 1, R 2For having side chains one or more in amido, quaternary ammonium salt base, itrile group, carboxyl, sulfonic group, the phosphate;
    To benzene: , R wherein 1, R 2For having side chains one or more in amido, quaternary ammonium salt base, itrile group, carboxyl, sulfonic group, the phosphate;
    Spiral-to benzene: , R wherein 1, R 2For having side chains one or more in amido, quaternary ammonium salt base, itrile group, carboxyl, sulfonic group, the phosphate;
    Carbazole:
    Figure FDA0000163275635
    , R wherein 1For having side chains one or more in amido, quaternary ammonium salt base, itrile group, carboxyl, sulfonic group, the phosphate;
    B is nonpolar conjugate unit, has the combination of one or more following structures:
    Fluorenes:
    Figure FDA0000163275636
    , R wherein 3, R 4Be H or C 1-C 20Alkyl;
    To benzene:
    Figure FDA0000163275637
    , R wherein 3, R 4Be H, C 1-C 20Alkyl or C 1-C 20Alkoxyl;
    Spiral-to benzene:
    Figure FDA0000163275638
    , R wherein 3, R 4Be H or C 1-C 20Alkyl;
    Carbazole: , R wherein 3Be H or C 1-C 20Alkyl;
    C is for containing sulphur, silicon, and nitrogen, the fragrant heterocyclic units of selenium, the combination with one or more following structures:
    Benzo thiophene (selenium) diazole and derivative thereof: ,
    Figure FDA00001632756311
    or
    Figure FDA00001632756312
    Wherein, X is sulphur or selenium, R 5, R 6, R 7, R 8Be H or C 1～C 10Alkyl;
    Quinoline and derivative thereof:
    Figure FDA00001632756313
    or
    Figure FDA00001632756314
    ;
    Thiophene and derivative thereof:
    Figure FDA00001632756315
    ,
    Figure FDA00001632756316
    or
    Figure FDA00001632756317
    ;
    Selenophen and derivative thereof:
    Figure FDA00001632756318
    ,
    Figure FDA00001632756319
    or
    Figure FDA00001632756320
    ;
    Quinoxaline derivant:
    Figure FDA00001632756321
    , ,
    Figure FDA00001632756323
    or
    Figure FDA00001632756324
    ,
    Wherein, X is sulphur or selenium, R 9, R 10Be H or C 1～C 10Alkyl;
    Thiophene is coughed up derivative:
    Figure FDA00001632756325
    ,
    Figure FDA00001632756326
    or
    Figure FDA00001632756327
    Wherein, X is sulphur or selenium, R 11, R 12Be H or C 1～C 10Alkyl or to phenyl.
  5. 5. flexibility according to claim 1 is organic/the polymer solar cell, it is characterized in that said photoactive layer is made up of electron donor material or electron acceptor material lamination; Said electron donor material is conjugated polymer or organic small molecular semiconductor material, and said electron acceptor material is carbon 60 and derivative or carbon 70 and derivative or inorganic semiconductor nano particle.
  6. 6. flexibility according to claim 1 is organic/the polymer solar cell; It is characterized in that said photoactive layer forms mixed solution by electron donor material and electron acceptor material in organic solvent, form through spin coating, brushing, spraying, dip-coating, roller coat, silk screen printing, printing or inkjet printing mode again; Said electron donor material is a conjugated polymer organic small molecular semiconductor material, and said electron acceptor material is carbon 60 and derivative or carbon 70 and derivative or inorganic semiconductor nano particle.
  7. According to claim 5 or 6 described flexibilities organic/the polymer solar cell, it is characterized in that said electron donor material is polythiophene and derivative or polyparaphenylene's second and ene derivative thereof or gathers fluorenes and derivative or polycarbazole and derivative thereof or gather that thiophene is coughed up and derivative; Said carbon 60 derivatives comprise [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 – methyl butyrate (PC 61BM), said carbon 70 derivatives comprise [6,6]-phenyl-C71 – methyl butyrate (PC 71BM), said inorganic semiconductor nano particle comprises zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide or cadmium telluride.
  8. 8. the preparation method of each described solar cell of claim 1～7; It is characterized in that will be as the polarity unit conjugated polymer that contains polar group or ionic group of cathode interface layer (3); Perhaps its corresponding polyelectrolyte is dissolved in and is prepared into solution in the polar solvent, and solution concentration is a 0.0001-0.10 gram/cubic centimetre; And with solution employing spin coating, brushing, spraying, dip-coating, roller coat, silk screen printing, printing or the inkjet printing mode formation cathode interface layer of processing (3) on negative electrode (2), cathode interface layer (3) thickness is 0.1～100 nanometer.
  9. 9. preparation method according to claim 8 is characterized in that the mixed solvent of said polar solvent for alcohol, water or alcohol and water.
  10. 10. preparation method according to claim 8 is characterized in that said negative electrode (2) is a kind of or its combination in metal, metal oxide and Graphene and the derivative thereof.
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