CN102818282A - Micro-oil pure-oxygen enhanced plasma ignition method and igniter - Google Patents

Micro-oil pure-oxygen enhanced plasma ignition method and igniter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102818282A
CN102818282A CN2012103043283A CN201210304328A CN102818282A CN 102818282 A CN102818282 A CN 102818282A CN 2012103043283 A CN2012103043283 A CN 2012103043283A CN 201210304328 A CN201210304328 A CN 201210304328A CN 102818282 A CN102818282 A CN 102818282A
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plasma torch
combustion
gas
nozzle
pure oxygen
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CN102818282B (en
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郭永浩
黄锏
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BEIJING BOXIGE DYNAMIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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BEIJING BOXIGE DYNAMIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-oil pure-oxygen enhanced plasma ignition method. The method comprises the following steps: when burning coal of a boiler is ignited, firstly a plasma flame generator generates plasma flame, burning oil is ejected around the plasma flame, and is pyrolyzed by the plasma flame to form a gas-phase mixture, and the content of hydrogen is about 90%; the gas-phase mixture is ignited by the plasma flame, simultaneously is matched with pure oxygen flow for combustion supporting, so that the formed flame torch is larger, the energy of the plasma flame is enhanced and meanwhile, the burning oil is saved; in the ignition process of the boiler, a large oil gun is not needed completely for combustion accompanying, and the ignition oil-saving rate of the smokeless coal boiler is increased to 85%-90%; and meanwhile, the low-load combustion-stabilizing capability is stronger, the oil can be saved by more than 90% when in low-load combustion stabilization, the combustion stabilizing purpose can be achieved even by using plasma and pure oxygen, and the burning oil is not used completely. The invention also discloses an igniter applied in the method.

Description

Little oily pure oxygen is strengthened isoionic point ignition method and igniter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of little oily pure oxygen of coal-burning boiler that is applicable to and strengthen the isoionic point ignition method, also relate to the igniter that uses in this method simultaneously.
 
Background technology
China is energy resource consumption big country, and the thermal power output of China accounts for 80% of national gross generation at present, and major part is the coal fired power generation unit; Be provided with coal-burning boiler; Coal-burning boiler is adopted traditional fuel ignition mode and low-load combustion-stabilizing, and annual igniting and stable combustion oil reach more than 1,000 ten thousand tons approximately.To the year two thousand twenty, estimate that China's coal fired power generation unit installed capacity will reach 600,000,000 KW, fuel consume also can increase sharply.Along with the continuous enhancing of China's economic development and national power, become the world's second largest oil consumption country that is only second to the U.S..Under this background, advocate energy conservation, carry out necessary fuel-economizing work and just have very important Special Significance.
China advocates the energy-conservation project that the Plasma Firing Technology and the tiny-oil ignition technology of station boiler are promoted as emphasis since 2000, to practice thrift a large amount of ignitions of the boiler with oil.Plasma Firing Technology is oily, only to utilize the technology of the direct firing coal-dust of plasma torch; The tiny-oil ignition technology be with a spot of fuel oil light the fraction coal dust, again utilize the coal dust burnt light more coal dust, with the firing technique of powder for oil.
The pulverized-coal fired boiler Plasma Firing Technology of China grows up through technology transfer, absorption, improvement, raising during the nearly last ten years, is the technology with independent intellectual property right and technical characteristic.In technology popularization and commercial Application, obtained many gratifying oil-saving effects, but simultaneously also exposed gradually should technology weak point.A large amount of commercial Application facts have proved; It is consistent that existing plasma technology can be lighted the conclusion of " pyrolysis under plasma condition of the bituminous coal of volatile matter 25%-40%, gasification result better " that volatile matter draws greater than 25% high-quality bituminous coal and some experimental studies smoothly.But existing plasma technology is still undesirable for the igniting effect of high moisture content brown coal, meager coal, also needs big oil gun companion combustion, and oil-saving effect is greatly affected; Plasma ignition for anthracite-fired boiler does not more have ripe commercial Application case at present.
The tiny-oil ignition technology is the native country technology of growing up in China, and the tiny-oil ignition technology is to go deep into the inner firing technique of airduct one time, is the further deeply development of small oil gun few-oil ignition technology in China's primary air nozzle of the nineties in 20th century.Utilization tiny-oil ignition technology is carried out the igniting and the low-load combustion-stabilizing of bituminous coal fired boiler, all ripe grasp of domestic many igniting companies.But the firing technique for the meager coal boiler is still immature, says with regard to the whole country, and the tiny-oil ignition technology for anthracite-fired boiler still is in the desk study stage at present.
The shortcoming of existing Plasma Firing Technology shows through the commercial Application practice; Except the electrode material life-span fall short of, cost is higher, the less reliable; Topmost shortcoming is that ignition energy is not enough, coal adaptability is poor, needs big oil gun to accompany problems such as combustion, can not light low volatile coal and anthracite.
At present, domestic plasma igniter power is mostly at 150KW, and minority is 250KW, and the AC plasma igniter can reach 300KW but commercial Application is still immature.Because power is little, can not satisfy the requirement of lighting low volatile coal and anthracite-fired boiler.
For existing Plasma Firing Technology; No matter be direct current plasma technology or AC plasma technology; Increase ignition energy and igniting power, need to increase rectification or power transformation ability, ability to transmit electricity, add large electrode etc., not only cost further strengthens; Installing space also can strengthen, and some technical bottlenecks are still difficult in a short time to be broken through.
 
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to above-mentioned prior art existence; The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of little oily pure oxygen to strengthen the isoionic point ignition method; This method utilizes fuel oil flame and plasma torch jointly fire coal to be lighted; Adopt the combustion-supporting gas auxiliary firing simultaneously, both strengthened the energy of plasma torch, saved fuel oil again.The present invention also provides the little oily pure oxygen that uses in a kind of this method to strengthen plasma igniter simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, a kind of little oily pure oxygen of the present invention is strengthened the isoionic point ignition method, when boiler fired coal is lighted; At first utilize the plasma torch generator to send plasma torch; Around the plasma torch fuel injected, the angle of fuel oil injection direction and plasma torch injection direction is a sharp angle, and the fuel oil that is sprayed is gas phase mixture by the plasma torch pyrolysis; And then lighted and send gas flame, utilize plasma torch and gas flame common ground combusting boiler coal-fired again.
Further, said fuel oil cooperates pure oxygen gas flow combustion-supporting for dissolving the gas fuel oil during pyrolysis after-combustion, and pure oxygen gas flow is sprayed around plasma torch, and jeting area is positioned at after the fuel oil pyrolysis zone, and the angle of injection direction and plasma torch injection direction is an acute angles beta.
Further, the composition of said gas phase mixture is (mol): CH 4Be 1.65%, C 2H 4+ C 2H 6Be 1.31%, C 2H 2Be 5.64%, C 3 +Be 0.05%, H 2Be 89.80%, CO is 0.41%, CO 2Be 1.32%.
Further, the span of said α angle value is 35 °-70 °, and the span of said β angle value is 20 °-50 °, α >=β.
The present invention can also adopt single-throw plasma and pure oxygen to light a fire or surely combustion, need not throw fuel oil, and this moment, ignition method was following:
Pure oxygen is strengthened the isoionic point ignition method; When boiler fired coal is lighted; At first utilize the plasma torch generator to send plasma torch, spray combustion-supporting gas around plasma torch, the angle of combustion-supporting gas injection direction and plasma torch injection direction is an acute angles beta.
Further, said combustion-supporting gas is a pure oxygen, and the span of said β angle value is 20 °-50 °.
A kind of little oily pure oxygen that in said method, uses is strengthened plasma igniter; Be provided with the plasma torch nozzle; Said nozzle is provided with anode, negative electrode, the dielectric gas circulation chamber of tubulose, and said circulation chamber has air inlet and gas outlet, and anode is arranged on the gas outlet end of said circulation chamber; The arc chamber that anode interior is provided with abnormity is connected with circulation chamber; Said arc chamber inwall is the convex-concave shape, and one section pipe shaft of cathode is set in the circulation chamber, and its front end extends to the air inlet place of said arc chamber; Dielectric gas is sprayed the formation plasma torch by ionization then when circulation chamber gets into arc chamber; Be disposed with the fuel nozzle and the combustion-supporting gas nozzle of annular at the place, gas outlet of arc chamber, the axis around arc chamber on the tube wall of said fuel nozzle and combustion-supporting gas nozzle is provided with several spray orifices, and spray orifice is the acute angle setting towards the angle with this axis.
Further, the axis angle towards with the plasma torch nozzle of said fuel oil spray orifice is α, and the axis angle towards with the plasma torch nozzle of combustion-supporting gas spray orifice is β, α >=β.
Further, the span of said α angle value is 35 °-70 °, and the span of said β angle value is 20 °-50 °.
Further, symmetric arrangement has the groove that extends along the anode axis direction on the housing of said anode, and the shape adaptation of the conveyance conduit of the conveyance conduit of fuel nozzle and combustion-supporting gas nozzle is arranged in the said groove in said groove.
Further, be provided with cooling water flow in the said cathode shell and thread a pipe, center on the magnetic coil that cathode is provided with constraint plasma flame, this magnetic coil is centered around on the tube wall of said circulation chamber outside.
Further, be provided with cooling water flow in the said anode casing and thread a pipe, be provided with the magnetic coil of carrying plasma torch around the anode arc chamber.
 
A kind of this little oily pure oxygen of the present invention is strengthened isoionic point ignition method and igniter, has the following advantages:
1. this method utilizes plasma torch and micro-oil fire flame to light fire coal jointly, and the amount of fuel that needs is few, replenishes the energy shortage of plasma igniter with the energy of small fuel oil, makes plasma torch obtain amplification; Auxiliary pure oxygen gas flow is the fuel oil gas-phase product and the strong combustion reaction of pure oxygen generation of main body as combustion-supporting gas with hydrogen during burning, and the flame torch of formation is bigger, has changed the less shortcoming of plasma arc flame region.
2. the electrode of plasma nozzle is provided with cooling water and cools off, and keeps lower temperature, long service life during work.
3. this igniter can flexible to the flame energy, and not only little oil mass, pure oxygen amount can be regulated, also can be as required under the stable situation of plasma torch the little oil of single-throw or single-throw pure oxygen carry out overheavy firing.Can also be behind little oil, pure oxygen burning flame stabilization, the plasma torch nozzle is out of service with the electrode power-down mode.At this moment, fuel oil flame temperature under the combustion-supporting situation of pure oxygen of good atomizing can reach 3000 ℃-3300 ℃, still the coal dust that gets into flame zone is had stronger pyrolysis.
4. this igniter not only can adapt to low volatile coal and anthracitic igniting, adapts to the fluctuation of boiler operatiopn operating mode, in ignition process, does not need big oil gun companion combustion fully, is expected to the igniting rate of economizing gasoline to anthracite-fired boiler is brought up to 85%-90%.Simultaneously also possess stronger low-load combustion-stabilizing ability, fuel-economizing can reach more than 90% during its low-load combustion-stabilizing, even only put into operation plasma and pure oxygen can reach steady combustion purpose, does not throw fuel oil fully.
 
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure cutaway view of igniter embodiment 1 among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the fuel nozzle topology view of igniter embodiment 1 among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the right view of igniter embodiment 1 among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the left view of igniter embodiment 1 among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structure cutaway view of igniter embodiment 2 among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the right view of igniter embodiment 2 among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the left view of igniter embodiment 2 among the present invention;
Fig. 8 is along the cutaway view of C-C among Fig. 5;
Fig. 9 is the anode left view of igniter embodiment 2 among the present invention;
Figure 10 is along the cutaway view of E-E among Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is along the cutaway view of F-F among Figure 10;
Among the figure: 1. insulated enclosure piece; 2. delivery air chamber; 3. anode coolant outlet joint; 4. flange; 5. screw; 6. anode cooling water outlet pipe; 7. fuel feed pipe; 8. housing; 9. magnetic coil; 10. anode; 11. magnetic coil; 12. locating ring; 13. fuel nozzle; 14. fuel oil spray orifice; 15. pure oxygen spray orifice; 16. pure oxygen nozzle; 17. anode seal piece; 18. arc chamber; 19. anode cooling water chamber; 20. cathode taps; 21. insulation locating piece; 22. negative electrode cooling water center water inlet pipe; 23. negative electrode cooling water water outlet circular passage; 24. negative electrode; 25. pure oxygen carrier pipe; 26. anode cooling water inlet pipe; 27. anode cooling water inlet joint; 28. compressed air inlet joint; 29. negative electrode cooling water inlet joint; 30. negative electrode coolant outlet joint.
 
The specific embodiment
Reach technological means and the effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taked for further setting forth the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to structure of the present invention, characteristic and effect specify as after.
 
Embodiment 1
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4; Little oily pure oxygen used in the present invention is strengthened one of embodiment of plasma igniter; Igniter is provided with the plasma torch nozzle in this embodiment, and this nozzle is provided with anode 10, negative electrode 24 and the delivery air chamber 2 of tubulose, and one section pipe shaft of negative electrode 24 is nested in the housing of delivery air chamber 2; Be provided with insulation locating piece 21 between negative electrode 24 and the delivery air chamber 2, the space of delivery air chamber 2 and negative electrode 24 tube wall clampings constitutes the dielectric gas circulation path.
One end opening of delivery air chamber 2, the other end is provided with insulated enclosure piece 1 and seals, and delivery air chamber 2 is provided with compressed air inlet joint 28 near sealed end.
Anode 10 is arranged on the openend of delivery air chamber 2; Its set inside has the arc chamber 18 of abnormity; Arc chamber 18 inner pipe wall are the convex-concave shape, help the dielectric gas of the arc chamber 18 of flowing through is carried out ionization, are sprayed the formation plasma torch then by ionization when dielectric gas is flowed through arc chamber 18.The plasma torch nozzle is coated with housing 8, and housing 8 front ends are provided with the adaptive arc chamber 18 of perforate, are provided with anode seal piece 17 between the port of export of arc chamber 18 and the housing 8, prevents that plasma torch from spraying in the slit of housing 8.
Need dispose rectification circuit during the work of this igniter, the negative electrode 24 of the cathode conductor tie point firearm that comes out from rectification circuit, the anode 10 of positive wire tie point firearm.
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2; Be disposed with the fuel nozzle 13 and pure oxygen nozzle 16 of annular in the exit of arc chamber 18; Axis around the plasma torch nozzle on the tube wall of fuel nozzle 13 and pure oxygen nozzle 16 is provided with several spray orifices, and spray orifice is towards being the acute angle setting with this axis.Spray orifice size and quantity can be confirmed according to demand, the muzzle velocity of fuel oil and pure oxygen.
Dissolve the gas fuel oil after 14 ejections of fuel oil spray orifice, at first be gas phase mixture after the plasma torch pyrolysis, composition is (mol): CH 4Be 1.65%, C 2H 4+ C 2H 6Be 1.31%, C 2H 2Be 5.64%, C 3 +Be 0.05%, H 2Be 89.80%, CO is 0.41%, CO 2Be 1.32%; Secondly lighted by plasma torch.With hydrogen is the fuel oil gas-phase product and the strong combustion reaction of pure oxygen generation of main body, and the flame torch of formation is bigger, has changed the less shortcoming of plasma arc flame region, has strengthened the energy of plasma torch.
No matter oil pump capacity from the amount of fuel of fuel nozzle 13 ejection much smaller than big oil gun carries out initial ignition or low-load combustion-stabilizing, all can practice thrift fuel oil significantly.
Fuel nozzle 13 disposes fuel feed pipe 7, and its ring-type pipe shaft and fuel feed pipe 7 are made into integration; Pure oxygen nozzle 16 disposes pure oxygen carrier pipe 25, and its ring-type pipe shaft and pure oxygen carrier pipe 25 are made into integration, and all are arranged on the outside of housing 8.
Plasma torch nozzle, fuel nozzle 13, pure oxygen nozzle 16 are fixed together by flange 4, and flange 4 is provided with screw 5, make things convenient for the installation of igniter in the working site.
As shown in Figure 2; The axis angle towards with the plasma torch nozzle of fuel oil spray orifice 14 is α, and the axis angle towards with the plasma torch nozzle of pure oxygen spray orifice 15 is β, α >=β; The span of α angle value is 35 °-70 °, and the span of said β angle value is 20 °-50 °.The angle of α and β is provided with needs to guarantee that the pure oxygen jeting area is positioned at after the fuel oil pyrolysis zone; Lighted (liquid fuel before the pyrolysis is incombustible) after the abundant pyrolysis of fuel oil again; Impel the formation and the amplification of igniter flame with this, to obtain flame structure preferably.
Inner meeting produces high temperature during the plasma torch nozzle operation, needs this moment target 24 and anode 10 to continue cooling.As shown in Figure 1, be provided with cooling water flow in negative electrode 24 housings and thread a pipe, be respectively negative electrode cooling water center water inlet pipe 22 and negative electrode cooling water water outlet circular passage 23, and be provided with negative electrode cooling water inlet joint 29, negative electrode coolant outlet joint 30 in the rear end.Negative electrode 24 front ends are provided with the cathode taps 20 of taper, center on the magnetic coil 9 that negative electrode 24 front ends are provided with constraint plasma flame, and this magnetic coil 9 does not contact with negative electrode 24, is centered around on the tube wall of delivery air chamber 2 outsides.
As shown in Figure 1; Arc chamber 18 outer periphery of anode 10 are equipped with anode cooling water chamber 19; Anode cooling water chamber 19 is provided with cooling water flow and threads a pipe; Be respectively anode cooling water inlet pipe 26 and anode cooling water outlet pipe 6, and be provided with anode cooling water inlet joint 27, anode coolant outlet joint 3 in the rear end.
Be provided with the magnetic coil 11 of carrying plasma torch around arc chamber 18, magnetic coil 11 is fixed on the outer tube wall of arc chamber 18 through locating ring 12.Magnetic coil 9 is to utilize the strength in magnetic field with magnetic coil 11 roles, after plasma torch forms, it is released arc chamber 18, constitutes powerful flame.
 
Embodiment 2
Like Fig. 5, Fig. 6, shown in Figure 7; Be two of the embodiment of igniter of the present invention, in this embodiment, symmetric arrangement has the groove that extends along the anode axis direction on the housing of anode 10; The shape adaptation of fuel feed pipe 7 and pure oxygen carrier pipe 25 is arranged in the groove in this groove.
Details such as Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, shown in Figure 11.This moment, housing 8 coated plasma torch nozzle, fuel nozzle 13, pure oxygen nozzle 16 simultaneously.
Because housing 8 no longer is close to arc chamber 18, with arc chamber 18 outlet next-door neighbour be annular fuel nozzle 13, so between arc chamber 18 and the fuel nozzle 13 anode seal piece 17 need be set.
Adopt this structure setting, the internal structure of igniter is compact more, and profile is more succinct.
 
Above saidly be construed as the present invention and be not limited to above embodiment just for the present invention is described, the various variation that meet inventive concept are all within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. little oily pure oxygen is strengthened the isoionic point ignition method, it is characterized in that, when boiler fired coal is lighted; At first utilize the plasma torch generator to send plasma torch; Around the plasma torch fuel injected, the angle of fuel oil injection direction and plasma torch injection direction is a sharp angle, and the fuel oil that is sprayed is gas phase mixture by the plasma torch pyrolysis; And then lighted and send gas flame, utilize plasma torch and gas flame common ground combusting boiler coal-fired again.
2. ignition method as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said fuel oil cooperates pure oxygen gas flow combustion-supporting for dissolving the gas fuel oil during pyrolysis after-combustion, pure oxygen gas flow is sprayed around plasma torch; Jeting area is positioned at after the fuel oil pyrolysis zone, and the angle of injection direction and plasma torch injection direction is an acute angles beta.
3. ignition method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the composition of said gas phase mixture is (mol): CH 4Be 1.65%, C 2H 4+ C 2H 6Be 1.31%, C 2H 2Be 5.64%, C 3 +Be 0.05%, H 2Be 89.80%, CO is 0.41%, CO 2Be 1.32%.
4. ignition method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the span of said α angle value is 35 °-70 °, and the span of said β angle value is 20 °-50 °, α >=β.
5. pure oxygen is strengthened the isoionic point ignition method; It is characterized in that, when boiler fired coal is lighted, at first utilize the plasma torch generator to send plasma torch; Spray combustion-supporting gas around plasma torch, the angle of combustion-supporting gas injection direction and plasma torch injection direction is an acute angles beta.
6. ignition method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, said combustion-supporting gas is a pure oxygen, and the span of said β angle value is 20 °-50 °.
7. little oily pure oxygen is strengthened plasma igniter; Be provided with the plasma torch nozzle, said nozzle is provided with anode, negative electrode, the dielectric gas circulation chamber of tubulose, and said circulation chamber has air inlet and gas outlet; Anode is arranged on the gas outlet end of said circulation chamber; The arc chamber that anode interior is provided with abnormity is connected with circulation chamber, and said arc chamber inwall is the convex-concave shape, and one section pipe shaft of cathode is set in the circulation chamber; Its front end extends to the air inlet place of said arc chamber; Dielectric gas is sprayed the formation plasma torch by ionization then when circulation chamber gets into arc chamber, it is characterized in that, is disposed with the fuel nozzle and the combustion-supporting gas nozzle of annular at the place, gas outlet of arc chamber; Axis around arc chamber on the tube wall of said fuel nozzle and combustion-supporting gas nozzle is provided with several spray orifices, and spray orifice is the acute angle setting towards the angle with this axis.
8. igniter as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the axis angle towards with the plasma torch nozzle of said fuel oil spray orifice is α, and the axis angle towards with the plasma torch nozzle of combustion-supporting gas spray orifice is β, α >=β.
9. igniter as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the span of said α angle value is 35 °-70 °, and the span of said β angle value is 20 °-50 °.
10. igniter as claimed in claim 7; It is characterized in that; Symmetric arrangement has the groove that extends along the anode axis direction on the housing of said anode, and the shape adaptation of the conveyance conduit of the conveyance conduit of fuel nozzle and combustion-supporting gas nozzle is arranged in the said groove in said groove.
CN201210304328.3A 2012-08-24 2012-08-24 Micro-oil pure-oxygen enhanced plasma ignition method and igniter Active CN102818282B (en)

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CN105484873A (en) * 2015-12-04 2016-04-13 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 Plasma igniter, engine and automobile
CN106658932A (en) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-10 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Arc plasma generator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105484873A (en) * 2015-12-04 2016-04-13 北京汽车研究总院有限公司 Plasma igniter, engine and automobile
CN106658932A (en) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-10 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Arc plasma generator

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