CN102812826A - Household air-control grain storage system and method - Google Patents
Household air-control grain storage system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102812826A CN102812826A CN2012103101522A CN201210310152A CN102812826A CN 102812826 A CN102812826 A CN 102812826A CN 2012103101522 A CN2012103101522 A CN 2012103101522A CN 201210310152 A CN201210310152 A CN 201210310152A CN 102812826 A CN102812826 A CN 102812826A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a household air-control grain storage system and method. Aiming at the defects of relatively high price of industrial CO2, relatively high N2 purifying cost, and incapability of being used for grain storage of a peasant household in the conventional air-control grain storage technology, the invention provides a system and a method for grain deoxygenating storage, which takes air-control as a characteristic. The household air-control grain storage system comprises a grain storage bin body and a microorganism deoxygenating device which are connected through an air path, wherein grains are stored in the grain storage bin body, the microorganism deoxygenating device consumes O2 to generate CO2 in a way that microorganisms and waste raw materials containing organic carbon biomass act, gas with a high CO2 proportion and a high N2 proportion is sent to the grain storage bin body for carrying out gas replacement. Through circular replacement, the grains are stored in a high-CO2 and high-N2 environment in the grain storage bin body. The system and the method can be used for storing other agricultural products or the conventional Chinese medicinal materials. The household air-control grain storage system has the advantages of simple structure, reliable principle, low equipment cost and low operation cost, and is especially suitable for being used in household grain bins in countries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of family with storage grain system, particularly relate to structure composition and method for using that a kind of controlled atmosphere is store the grain system, the microorganism that belongs to cereal preserves the field.
Background technology
The grain post-harvest loss is a worldwide problem, and according to the investigation of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), the annual grain in the whole world goes mouldy and loses 3%, and insect pest loss 5% adds up to 8%.The investigation of China State Grain Administration shows that there is the stock of peasant household more than 2.4 hundred million in China rural area, and annual storage capacity accounts for more than 60% of national total output of grain.Because the peasant is in the not science of aspects such as grain storage in postpartum, transportation, China's grain post-harvest loss 8% to 10%.Wherein, mainly be farmer storage loss, whole nation every year, only peasant household's loss that stores grain promptly reached 1,500 ten thousand tons to 2,000 ten thousand tons, caused damage 18,000,000,000 to 24,000,000,000 yuan.Investigation finds that China major grain producing area peasant household adopts traditional approach mostly, and the grain storage harness is very simple and crude mostly, and safeguard procedures are few, the grain storage poor performance, and the plague of rats, insect pest, the problem of going mouldy are serious, have caused grain in that to store the link loss and waste huge.
At present, China's foodstuff preservation technology mainly comprises nature deoxidation and vacuum nitrogen, CO
2Modes such as displacement, molecular sieve or film separation and nitrogen-making, use oxygen scavenger.Wherein, the application that natural deoxidation stores mainly is the respiration through grain, microorganism and insect self, with the O in the grain grain hole in airtight tent of plastic film or the airtight storehouse
2Approach exhaustion, and the corresponding CO that accumulates high concentration
2, changed gas composition, thereby be issued to effect antibacterial, desinsection at hypoxia condition.Nature deoxidation storing mode is simple to operate, but the cycle is long, and it is slow to fall oxygen, has reduced the quality of grain simultaneously.Vacuum nitrogen, CO
2Artificial air conditioning technologies such as displacement can be with O
2Concentration is reduced to below 2%, and fungus growth is suppressed, and insect is also very fast dead, and this technology can realize suitability for industrialized production, in practical application, can comparatively fast reach the hypoxia of design, and can better keep the quality of grain, but industrial CO
2The source price is more expensive, the nitrogen purification cost is higher, can't in the peasant family grain storage, use.
Summary of the invention
For excessive cycle and the artificial controlled atmosphere that solves grain nature deoxidation storage stores the difficult problem that power consumption is big, cost is high, the invention provides a kind of grain storage system that is applicable to peasant household.The present invention contains organic carbon biomass castoff etc. and is substrate through choosing, and utilizes the breathing and fermentation generation CO of microorganism
2The storage of food supply food is used.Biomass castoff be can effectively utilize like this, can the deoxidation of storage grain, environmental protection be accomplished in low energy consumption ground again.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of family comprises the grain storage warehouse of depositing grain with controlled atmosphere storage grain system, it is characterized in that: the family also comprises the microorganism device for deoxidizing that is connected with the grain storage warehouse through gas path pipe with storage grain system; Said microorganism device for deoxidizing is to utilize to contain organic carbon biomass castoff raw material and produce CO through microbial action
2Device.
Above-mentioned family is made up of grain storage warehouse and microorganism device for deoxidizing two parts with controlled atmosphere storage grain system, is connected through gas path pipe between grain storage warehouse and microorganism device for deoxidizing.Specifically be that air pump is connected to grain storage warehouse bottom through gas path pipe intake valve is taken out/added in the connection of microorganism device for deoxidizing lower openings; The air bleeding valve on grain storage warehouse top is connected to the microorganism device for deoxidizing through gas path pipe.Deposit grain in the grain storage warehouse, the microorganism device for deoxidizing utilizes O in microbial respiratory and the fermentation principle consumption systems
2And generation CO
2Pump into the grain storage warehouse, displace grain storage warehouse air and send into microorganism device for deoxidizing, O
2Supplying microorganism to continue to consume utilizes.In optimizing structure; Grain storage warehouse inner chamber bottom is porous barrier fixedly; Keep spacing between porous barrier and the grain storage warehouse base plate, the gas of sending in the microorganism device for deoxidizing gets into the grain storage warehouse from the opening of porous barrier bottom, upwards diffusion behind the space that is full of between porous barrier and the grain storage warehouse base plate; Can evenly get into the space between grain, more fully realize gas displacement.The grain storage warehouse can also connect drier, after gas displacement finishes, the grain storage warehouse is carried out drying.
The microorganism device for deoxidizing is that microorganism utilizes the biomass castoff contain organic carbon etc. to produce CO through fermentation with breathing
2The device of gas mainly comprises interconnective biological deoxidation chamber and O
2Detector.Device top has charging aperture, is used for containing to the indoor filling of biological deoxidation the biomass castoff and the inoculation fermentation bacterial classification of organic carbon.Biomass castoff is indoor through microbial action generation CO in biological deoxidation
2O
2Detector is used for the O of detection of biological deoxidation chamber
2Content.Work as O
2The detector detected value remains on 2% when following, shows O in the grain storage warehouse
2Content reaches the grain storage conditions, the deoxidation EO.Under decision design, biological device for deoxidizing is provided with gas collecting bag and pressure-reducing valve.
Based on above-mentioned grain storage system, the present invention also provides a kind of grain storage method of utilizing said system to accomplish, and concrete technical scheme is following:
A kind of grain storage method of utilizing above-mentioned family with the realization of controlled atmosphere storage grain system is at first deposited in the grain storage warehouse grain and airtight grain storage warehouse; It is characterized in that: secondly contain the organic carbon biomass castoff in the indoor filling of biological deoxidation; The microbe inoculation microbial inoculum; Airtight biological deoxidation chamber; The microorganism device for deoxidizing is connected to the grain storage warehouse, opens and take out/add air pump and intake valve and make that gas gets into the grain storage warehouse through gas path pipe in the biological deoxidation chamber, open air bleeding valve simultaneously and keep the circulation gas circuit between grain storage warehouse and biological deoxidation chamber unimpeded; As the indoor O of biological deoxidation
2Content remains on 2% when following, closes gas circuit between grain storage warehouse and biological deoxidation chamber, opens drier, to grain storage warehouse desiccant dehumidification.
In the said method, microbial bacterial agent can be selected the Mixed Microbes of head mold (Rhizopus sp.) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).Contain in the organic carbon biomass castoff airtight biological deoxidation chamber after the microbe inoculation microbial inoculum, microorganism as substrate, consumes O through respiratory with the cellulose in the biomass castoff, starch etc.
2, be converted into alcohol, organic acid and produce CO through liquefaction, saccharification, fermentation subsequently
2Like this, the gas in the biological deoxidation chamber is with CO
2With N
2Be main.Connect the gas path pipe between grain storage warehouse and the microorganism device for deoxidizing, open the intake valve of taking out/adding on air pump and the grain storage warehouse, make biological deoxidation indoor gas get into the grain storage warehouse and carry out gas displacement through gas path pipe.
Open grain storage warehouse air bleeding valve simultaneously, keep the circulation gas circuit between grain storage warehouse and biological deoxidation chamber unimpeded.Biological deoxidation indoor gas gets into the grain storage warehouse from the bottom, with O in the space
2The higher relatively air of content upwards is pressed through air bleeding valve and gets into biological deoxidation chamber, and microorganism utilizes O
2Breathe the CO that produces
2And remaining N in the air
2Get into the grain storage warehouse again, so move in circles, the air displacement in the grain storage warehouse is with CO the most at last
2With N
2Be the gas of main component, caused high CO in the grain storage warehouse
2With N
2The grain storage environment.O in the microorganism device for deoxidizing
2Content remains on 2% when following, closes the gas circuit between grain storage warehouse and microorganism device for deoxidizing, continues to keep the sealing of grain storage warehouse, opens drier, and the grain storage warehouse is carried out desiccant dehumidification.The desiccant dehumidification degree is different according to the grain reservation kind, is dried to corresponding safe moisture standard respectively.When controlled atmosphere storage grain system was designed with the gas collecting bag, in the aforesaid operations method, system can pass through gas collecting bag degrees of expansion monitoring system internal pressure during operation, when system's internal pressure is excessive, opened pressure-reducing valve and discharged gas.
In the aforesaid operations method, containing organic carbon biomass castoff etc. and can carry out preliminary treatment earlier, specifically is that to be cut into 2～3cm long with containing organic carbon solid waste etc., boils 10min, and draining is cooled to room temperature, and it is for use to be dried to water content 55 ~ 65%.
Split-type design also can be adopted with controlled atmosphere storage grain system in family provided by the invention, and promptly the grain storage warehouse is connected detachably with gas circuit between the microorganism device for deoxidizing.After the microorganism device for deoxidizing was the deoxidation of a grain storage warehouse, all of closing the grain storage warehouse went out air intake, and the microorganism device for deoxidizing is moved to next place's grain storage warehouse, carried out the deoxidation operation after connecting gas circuit.
System and method for provided by the invention also can be used for the storage of other agricultural product or traditional Chinese medicine.
The invention provides a kind of is the System and method for of the grain deoxidation storage of characteristic with the controlled atmosphere.System of the present invention combines the microorganism device for deoxidizing with the grain storage warehouse, utilize microorganisms CO
2Realize the CO of grain through gas displacement
2With N
2Controlled atmosphere storage.Compared with prior art, the present invention has solved the CO in the foodstuff preservation technology for common peasant family foodstuff preservation provides a kind of apparatus and method of simple and easy to do modified atmosphere storage technology
2The source cost is high, and nitrogen controlled atmosphere device needs special purifier apparatus, and the technological deficiency that cost is high makes the peasant household family also can realize the hypoxemia storage of grain through the utilization air conditioning technology with silo; Native system utilizes microbial respiratory and fermentation that CO is provided
2, the required organic carbon biomass castoff etc. of containing that ferments can get in the rural area throughout the year, need not special purchase, and system's economical operation is practiced thrift; Utilization contains fermentations such as organic carbon biomass castoff provides CO for foodstuff preservation
2, can also solve the common problem that the rural area straw is disposed simultaneously, avoid straw to burn the environmental pollution that causes, system's economical operation is practiced thrift environmental protection; It is the deoxidation of a plurality of grain storage warehouse that a storage grain system microorganism device for deoxidizing capable of using is used at the family of split-type design, if several family uses system of the present invention jointly, can practice thrift considerable cost of investment.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further detailed explanation.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of family with controlled atmosphere storage grain system.
Figure notation in the accompanying drawing is respectively:
1 grain storage warehouse, 11 grain-entering mouths 12 valve 13 intake valves 14 air bleeding valves of putting out cereal
15 porous barriers, 16 driers, 2 microorganism device for deoxidizing biological deoxidation chambers 21
22O
2Air pump 24 gas collecting bags 25 pressure-reducing valves are taken out/added to detector 23.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is done further detailed explanation.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, prepare a kind of family with controlled atmosphere storage grain system.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of family with controlled atmosphere storage grain system.The family comprises the grain storage warehouse 1 of depositing grain with controlled atmosphere storage grain system, also comprises and can pass through the microorganism device for deoxidizing 2 that gas path pipe is connected with grain storage warehouse 1; Microorganism device for deoxidizing 2 is to utilize to contain organic carbon biomass castoff raw material and produce CO through microbial action
2Device.
Microorganism device for deoxidizing 2 comprises interconnective biological deoxidation chamber 21 and O
2Detector 22, biological deoxidation chamber 21 lower openings connect takes out/adds air pump 23 is connected to grain storage warehouse 1 bottom again through gas path pipe intake valve 13.
Microorganism device for deoxidizing 2 upper openings connect gas collecting bag 24,24 valves that are necessary of microorganism device for deoxidizing 2 and gas collecting bag.Gas collecting bag 24 adopts gas impermeable materials such as plastics, rubber to process.Pressure-reducing valve 25 is arranged at microorganism device for deoxidizing 2 tops.
Grain storage warehouse 1 top has air bleeding valve 14, and air bleeding valve 14 is connected to biological deoxidation chamber 21 through gas path pipe.Grain storage warehouse 1 inner chamber bottom is porous barrier 15 fixedly, keeps spacing between porous barrier 15 and grain storage warehouse 1 base plate; Intake valve 13 is opened on the space between porous barrier 15 and grain storage warehouse 1 base plate.Grain storage warehouse 1 also connects drier 16.
In the present embodiment, split-type structural can be adopted with controlled atmosphere storage grain system in the family, and promptly the gas path pipe of 2 of grain storage warehouse 1 and microorganism device for deoxidizing is detachable.
Embodiment two
Adopt the family among the embodiment one to store the method that the grain system carries out grain storage with controlled atmosphere.
Contain the organic carbon biomass castoff: maize straw;
Microbial bacterial agent: head mold and S. cervisiae liquid mixture, bacterial concentration 1 * 10
7Cfu/ml～1 * 10
9Cfu/ml, mixed proportion (V/V) 1:1 ~ 2:1.
At first deposit in the grain storage warehouse 1 grain and airtight grain storage warehouse 1; Maize straw is cut into 2～3cm length, boils 10min, draining is cooled to room temperature, and it is for use to be dried to water content 55% ~ 65%; With the cooled maize straw biological deoxidation chamber 21 of packing into, the volume of maize straw can account for more than 2/3 of total measurement (volume); Microbe inoculation microbial inoculum in biological deoxidation chamber 21, inoculum concentration are 1%～10% of maize straw weight; Airtight microorganism device for deoxidizing 2, maize straw produces CO after aerobic respiration and fermentation
2, and microorganism device for deoxidizing 2 is connected with grain storage warehouse 1.
Open the gas circuit of 1 of microorganism biological device for deoxidizing 2 and grain storage warehouse, the gas in the microorganism biological device for deoxidizing 2 is pumped into grain storage warehouse 1 with taking out/add air pump 23.The gas that gets into the grain storage warehouse from the bottom upwards diffuses into the grain heap through porous barrier 15, and original air in the grain storage warehouse 1 is clamp-oned microorganism device for deoxidizing 2 realize gas displacement from grain storage warehouse 1 top.Get into the O of microorganism device for deoxidizing 2
2Be consumed the new CO that produces
2With remaining N in the air
2Continue to get into grain storage warehouse 1.Through circulation repeatedly, grain storage warehouse 1 air finally is replaced into CO
2, N
2Be main gas.Work as O
2Detector 22 shows O in the microorganism device for deoxidizing 2
2Content remains on 2% when following, closes 21 gas circuits of grain storage warehouse 1 and biological deoxidation chamber, opens drier 16, to grain storage warehouse 1 desiccant dehumidification.
System should notice that gas collecting bag 24 changes during operation, when 24 expansions of gas collecting bag are excessive, shows that pressure is excessive in the system, need open pressure-reducing valve 25 exhausts.
A silo deoxidation is finished, can be connected to next grain storage warehouse 1, proceed the deoxidation grain storage removing on the microorganism device for deoxidizing 2 grain storage warehouses 1.Except that adopting maize straw as containing organic carbon substrate, family expenses grain storage method provided by the invention also can adopt other crops straw, corncob, and wheat bran, conducts such as rice bran contain organic carbon substrate.
Family of the present invention is described through concrete instance with the apparatus structure and the method for using of controlled atmosphere storage grain system; Those skilled in the art can use for reference content of the present invention; Links such as appropriate change raw material, process conditions realize corresponding other purpose; Its relevant change does not all break away from content of the present invention, and all are similarly replaced and change will become apparent to those skilled in the art that all to be regarded as and is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a family comprises the grain storage warehouse (1) of depositing grain with controlled atmosphere storage grain system, it is characterized in that: also comprise the microorganism device for deoxidizing (2) that is connected with grain storage warehouse (1) through gas path pipe; Said microorganism device for deoxidizing (2) is to utilize to contain organic carbon biomass castoff raw material generation CO
2Device; Between said grain storage warehouse (1) and the microorganism device for deoxidizing (2) is non-removable the fixed connection, or dismountable fixed connection.
2. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said microorganism device for deoxidizing (2) comprises interconnective biological deoxidation chamber (21) and O
2Detector (22).
3. system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said biological deoxidation chamber (21) lower openings connects takes out/adds air pump (23) is connected to grain storage warehouse (1) bottom again through gas path pipe intake valve (13); Said grain storage warehouse (1) top has air bleeding valve (14), and air bleeding valve (14) is connected to biological deoxidation chamber (21) through gas path pipe.
4. system according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: said grain storage warehouse (1) inner chamber bottom is porous barrier (15) fixedly; Keep spacing between porous barrier (15) and grain storage warehouse (1) base plate, said intake valve (13) is opened on the space between porous barrier (15) and grain storage warehouse (1) base plate.
5. system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: said microorganism device for deoxidizing (2) upper opening connects gas collecting bag (24), the valve that is necessary between microorganism device for deoxidizing (2) and gas collecting bag (24); Pressure-reducing valve (25) is arranged at microorganism device for deoxidizing (2) top.
6. system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: said grain storage warehouse (1) also connects drier (16).
7. one kind is utilized the described family of claim 6 with the grain storage method that controlled atmosphere storage grain system realizes, at first deposits in the grain storage warehouse (1) grain and airtight grain storage warehouse (1); It is characterized in that: secondly filling contains the organic carbon biomass castoff in biological deoxidation chamber (21); The microbe inoculation microbial inoculum; Airtight biological deoxidation chamber (21); Connect grain storage warehouse (1) and microorganism device for deoxidizing (2), open and take out/add air pump (22) and make with intake valve (13) that gas gets into grain storage warehouse (1) through gas path pipe in the biological deoxidation chamber (21), open air bleeding valve (14) simultaneously and keep the circulation gas circuit between grain storage warehouse (1) and biological deoxidation chamber (21) unimpeded; Remain on 2% when following when detecting oxygen content, close gas circuit between grain storage warehouse (1) and biological deoxidation chamber (21), open drier (16), grain storage warehouse (1) desiccant dehumidification.
8. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the microbial bacterial agent inoculum concentration is to contain 1%～10% of organic carbon biomass castoff raw material weight, and said microbial bacterial agent is the mixture of head mold and S. cervisiae liquid, bacterial concentration 1 * 10
7Cfu/ml～1 * 10
9Cfu/ml, mixed volume ratio 1:1～2:1.
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described methods; It is characterized in that: the said organic carbon biomass castoff that contains specifically is that the biomass castoff raw material is cut into 2～3cm length through preliminary treatment, boils 10min; Draining is cooled to room temperature, and it is for use to be dried to water content 55～65%.
10. method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: be applied to the storage of agricultural product or traditional Chinese medicine.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103101522A CN102812826A (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2012-08-28 | Household air-control grain storage system and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103101522A CN102812826A (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2012-08-28 | Household air-control grain storage system and method |
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| CN102812826A true CN102812826A (en) | 2012-12-12 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103101522A Pending CN102812826A (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2012-08-28 | Household air-control grain storage system and method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103340239A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-09 | 北京盈丰利泰科贸有限公司 | Safe, environment-friendly and low-carbon controlled-atmosphere storage and conservation method of traditional Chinese medicine |
| CN105638122A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-08 | 绵阳市禹升科技有限公司 | Oxygen-free nitrogen injection storage device for grain medical materials |
| CN111213499A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-02 | 河南工业大学 | Closed anoxic type bin device and insect killing method |
| CN118479163A (en) * | 2024-07-16 | 2024-08-13 | 浙江勤策空分设备有限公司 | Nitrogen internal circulation system in closed storage tank |
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| CN2481145Y (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-13 | 蒋习锋 | Apparatus for transforming oxygen in grain or fruit storage into carbon dioxide |
| CN2768467Y (en) * | 2004-12-18 | 2006-04-05 | 蒋习锋 | Air conditioning device for grain and fruit storage |
| CN102217469A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2011-10-19 | 陆振冈 | Organic cultivation medium and application method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2481145Y (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-13 | 蒋习锋 | Apparatus for transforming oxygen in grain or fruit storage into carbon dioxide |
| CN2768467Y (en) * | 2004-12-18 | 2006-04-05 | 蒋习锋 | Air conditioning device for grain and fruit storage |
| CN102217469A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2011-10-19 | 陆振冈 | Organic cultivation medium and application method thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103340239A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-09 | 北京盈丰利泰科贸有限公司 | Safe, environment-friendly and low-carbon controlled-atmosphere storage and conservation method of traditional Chinese medicine |
| CN105638122A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-08 | 绵阳市禹升科技有限公司 | Oxygen-free nitrogen injection storage device for grain medical materials |
| CN111213499A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-02 | 河南工业大学 | Closed anoxic type bin device and insect killing method |
| CN111213499B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-04-22 | 河南工业大学 | Closed anoxic type bin device and insect killing method |
| CN118479163A (en) * | 2024-07-16 | 2024-08-13 | 浙江勤策空分设备有限公司 | Nitrogen internal circulation system in closed storage tank |
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Application publication date: 20121212 |