CN102808059B - Rotary hearth furnace thermal control method for directly reducing carbon-containing pellets - Google Patents
Rotary hearth furnace thermal control method for directly reducing carbon-containing pellets Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of iron and steel production, in particular to a rotary hearth furnace thermal control method for directly reducing carbon-containing pellets. The rotary hearth furnace thermal control method for directly reducing the carbon-containing pellets, which is disclosed by the invention, comprises the following steps: 1) the furnace temperature is controlled from 1050 to 1250 DEG C on a preheating section; 2) the furnace temperature is controlled from 1200 to 1400 DEG C on a reducing section I and a reducing section II; 3) the furnace temperature from 1180 to 1420 DEG C on a soaking section I and controlled from 1050 to 1250 DEGC on a soaking section II; and in the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3), components of furnace gas at the furnace bottom are controlled, wherein the volumetric component ratio of O2 is controlled to be less than 3 percent and that of CO is controlled to be less than 500ppm. The rotary hearth furnace thermal control method disclosed by the invention not only satisfies national policy requirements of energy conservation, emission reduction and circular economy, but also provides space for the reduction of own production cost of an enterprise.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Iron and Steel Production field, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method for carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction.
Background technology
The predecessor of rotary hearth furnace is steel rolling rotary heating furnace, and nearest three start during the decade for carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction technique, and develops into gradually a kind of coal-based direct reduction ironmaking novel process.Because this technique is without the preparation of fuel and the deep processing of raw material, to rationally utilizing natural resources, to protect mankind environment to have active effect, thereby be subject to the common concern of metallurgy industry.Research and development to rotary hearth furnace process, have been developed into numerous countries and the departments such as China, Sweden, Belgium, India by the initial U.S., Canada, Japan and Germany at present, and corresponding experimental study device spreads all over all over the world.Rotary hearth furnace belongs to the one of industrial combustion stove, the thermal technology of roasting kiln controls several aspects such as mainly comprising combustion control, the control of furnace temperature level, composition of fumes control and controling of the pressure of the oven, and the height of thermal technology's level of control directly has influence on the mass rate of production of energy consumption rate, environmental and the product of industrial furnace.
The Main Function of steel rolling rotary heating furnace is to putting into the heating that heats up of steel billet wherein, making the temperature of steel billet and homogeneity meet rolling requirement in the time coming out of the stove.And rotary hearth furnace is while being applied to carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction technique,, also can at high temperature there are some and be listed as complicated heterogeneous chemical reaction in the pelletizing intensification of not only will being heated in stove.The reaction process of carbonaceous pelletizing in rotary hearth furnace can be divided into three phases: the first stage, and pelletizing rapid heating, surface carbon oxidizing fire, follows a large amount of fugitive constituents to overflow and burning; Subordinate phase, the inner intensification of pelletizing is suppressed, and occurs the temperature difference, and the reduction reaction of pelletizing inside starts to carry out gradually; Phase III, pelletizing internal difference in temperature reduces gradually, and in pelletizing, reduction potential raises, and oxygen partial pressure reduces gradually; In addition, the CO gas that pelletizing reduction generates also can be diffused into and in stove, be carried out secondary combustion by pelletizing hole.Compared with traditional Heating Process for Steel Rolling, no matter consider the burning in burner hearth, mobile and gas-solid heat transfer process, still dissect physical and chemical reaction and the caloic transmittance process of material inside, the technological process that can find out rotary hearth furnace direct-reduction is more complicated, if directly use existing steel rolling rotary heating furnace thermal technology control method, rotary hearth furnace is controlled, all had a lot of problems at aspects such as meeting carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction processing requirement, device energy conservation reduction of discharging.Therefore, need to redesign and formulate the rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method for carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction technique.
The Main Basis of rotary hearth furnace design at present heater for rolling steel, substantially there is not chemical transformation in the steel billet part in heater for rolling steel etc., therefore in stove, main baking oven part physics heats up, and the rotary hearth furnace of heating carbonaceous pelletizing not only will be controlled gas-fired, the more important thing is the secondary combustion of controlling the CO that goes out of reduction volatilization, it controls difficulty far above heater for rolling steel, has therefore proposed a kind of rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method for carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for the problems referred to above, provide can meet carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction processing requirement, effectively reduce equipment energy consumption, ensure metallized pellet quality, alleviate the rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of environmental pollution.
Rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method for carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) in preheating section control furnace temperature at 1150 ± 100 DEG C;
2) reducing I section and II section control furnace temperature at 1300 ± 100 DEG C;
3) in soaking I section control furnace temperature at 1300 ± 120 DEG C, in soaking II section control furnace temperature at 1100 ± 150 DEG C;
Above-mentioned steps 1)～3) in, each section of furnace temperature can decide according to raw material type and the product demand of rotary hearth furnace employing, and this belongs to conventional and selects.
Above-mentioned steps 1)～3) in, control furnace bottom composition of fumes, wherein, control O
2volume composition is than <3%, CO<500ppm;
According to rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of the present invention, described step 1)～3) in, at each section of equal side overfire air jet of rotary hearth furnace, to control secondary air flow.
According to rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of the present invention, described step 1) preheating section also side has coal gas burner.
According to rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of the present invention, 3 ~ 10 of described preheating section arranged outside coal gas burners, inner side arrange 2 ~ 8 of coal gas burners, preferably, 5 of described preheating section arranged outside coal gas burners, inner side arranges 4 of coal gas burners; 3 ~ 10 of described preheating section arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 2 ~ 8 of overfire air jets, preferably, 5 of described preheating section arranged outside coal gas burners, inner side arranges 4 of coal gas burners.
According to rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of the present invention, described step 2) reduction I section goes back side and has coal gas burner; Reduction II section overhead flat flame coal gas burner.
According to rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of the present invention, preferably, 5 ~ 12 of described reduction I section arranged outside coal gas burners, inner side arrange 4 ~ 11 of coal gas burners, preferably, 10 of arranged outside coal gas burners, inner side arrange 6 of coal gas burners, 5 ~ 12 of arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 4 ~ 11 of overfire air jets, and preferably, 10 of arranged outside coal gas burners, inner side arrange 6 of coal gas burners; Reduction II section overhead flat flame coal gas burner is 10 ~ 32, and preferably 20,8 ~ 16 of arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 6 ~ 13 of overfire air jets, and preferably, 10 of arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 8 of overfire air jets.
According to rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of the present invention, described step 3) soaking I section and the equal overhead flat flame of II section coal gas burner.
According to rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of the present invention, 9 ~ 24 of described soaking I section overhead flat flame coal gas burners, preferably 18,5 ~ 12 of arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 3 ~ 9 of overfire air jets, preferably, 8 of arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 5 of overfire air jets; Described soaking II section overhead flat flame coal gas burner is 7 ~ 20, and preferably 14,0 ~ 4 of arranged outside overfire air jet, inner side arrange 0 ~ 4 of overfire air jet, and preferably, 2 of arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 2 of overfire air jets.
According to rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of the present invention, the distance between center line rotary hearth furnace charge level height of described rotary hearth furnace side coal gas burner and overfire air jet is 500 ~ 800mm.
Method of the present invention comprises Control for Kiln Temperature strategy, furnace gas composition control strategy and three aspects of air feed strategy.Furnace temperature aspect is overall carries out high Control for Kiln Temperature strategy, and the mode that preheating section adopts outside heat supply at 1150 ± 100 DEG C, realizes Control for Kiln Temperature pelletizing temperature and raises fast and consume to reduce surface carbon burning; Reduction section is the main reaction region of metal oxide reduction, and Control for Kiln Temperature, at 1300 ± 100 DEG C, is carried out under solid state shape fast smoothly in order to ensure to reduce; Soaking zone is being accepted reduction section task, makes Reduction of Oxide simultaneously more thoroughly, also needs to prevent melting of metal and oxidation, and first half section Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1300 ± 120 DEG C, and the second half section is controlled at 1100 ± 150 DEG C.Composition of fumes control aspect, because furnace bottom Reduction of Pellet Containing Coal Char needs the protection of reducing atmosphere, so strengthen the monitoring to the oxygen content near furnace gas furnace bottom pelletizing, is specifically restricted to O
2volume composition compare <3%.Air feed strategy aspect, for the process characteristic of reduzate CO secondary combustion, arrange overfire air jet at burner hearth side wall apart from pelletizing appropriate location, and according to CO actual measurement content in furnace gas or online mathematical model prediction result, secondary air flow is carried out to segmentation control, realize and supplying and sub-control dividing of coal gas combustion-supporting wind and the combustion-supporting secondary air of CO.
Advantage of the present invention is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, the present invention has realized being rapidly heated of pelletizing material and thoroughly reduction, and the technical indicator such as resultant metal rate, dezincify rate that ensured to come out of the stove meets processing requirement, for the monomer Energy Intensity Reduction of later process blast furnace, converter or electric furnace provides space.
2, the present invention has realized secondary air and has specialized in, and has improved the mixing condition of secondary air and CO, has improved CO post-combustion rate, effectively reduces the gas consumption amount of rotary hearth furnace, has improved equipment thermal efficiency.
3, the present invention has realized the control respectively of coal gas combustion-supporting wind and secondary air flow, has improved control accuracy, has reduced waste gas growing amount, has reduced the pollution of exhaust gas emission to atmospheric environment.
To sum up, rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of the present invention had both met the policy requirements of national energy-saving reduction of discharging, recycling economy, again for the reduction of enterprise self production cost provides space.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is rotary hearth furnace structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is furnace temperature and pelletizing degree of metalization and dezincify rate graph of a relation, and wherein, A is furnace temperature and degree of metalization relation, and B is furnace temperature and dezincify rate relation.
Fig. 3 is CO volume ratio and pelletizing degree of metalization and dezincify rate graph of a relation, and wherein, A is CO volume ratio and degree of metalization relation, and B is CO volume ratio and dezincify rate relation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment and Figure of description, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Rotary furnace bottom width 5m in example of the present invention, useful area 412m
2.Full stove is divided into successively preheating section, reduction I section, reduction II section, soaking I section and soaking II section from feed end to discharge end, and furnace exhaust mouth is arranged between preheating section and reduction I section.Rotary hearth furnace overall structure as shown in Figure 1.Enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing (green-ball) parameter as table 1.
Table 1 enters stove carbonaceous pelletizing (green-ball) parameter (%)
| TFe | Fe 2O 3 | FeO | CaO | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | MgO | S | P | C | Other |
| 48.60 | 50.86 | 16.71 | 3.36 | 4.38 | 0.95 | 1.42 | 0.71 | 0.05 | 14.25 | 5.15 |
Enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing temperature 70 C.
The rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction comprises Control for Kiln Temperature, the control of furnace gas composition and three aspects of air feed:
(1) control of high furnace temperature
Preheating section: this region major function comprises burning, the pit coal pyrolysis desulfurization etc. of preheated pellets, the decomposition combustion of coal fugitive constituent and surface carbon, it is the temperature that improves fast carbonaceous pelletizing that main technique requires, according to on-the-spot actually operating experience, do not rely on the burning of coal self fugitive constituent decomposition combustion and surface carbon, and mainly adopting outside heat supply, preheating section Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1100 DEG C.
Reduction section: this region is the main reaction region of the metal oxide such as iron, zinc reduction, should adopt many layout burners, the modes such as coal gas and combustion air flow that increase that sufficient reaction institute heat requirement is provided.Reduction reaction can produce a large amount of CO, and therefore supplying secondary air is fuel economy, the important means that improves temperature.Reduction section I section temperature is controlled at 1200 DEG C, and 1250 DEG C of reduction section II section temperature controls are being carried out under solid state shape fast smoothly to ensure to reduce.
Soaking zone: this region is mainly the task of accepting reduction section, makes the reduction of oxide compound more thorough, prevents melting of metal and oxidation simultaneously.Soaking I section Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1280 DEG C; Soaking II section temperature is controlled at 1100 DEG C.
(2) composition of fumes control
The degree that rotary furnace bottom Reduction of Pellet Containing Coal Char carries out is affected significantly by composition of fumes around, as shown in Figure 3, only have pelletizing around the volume ratio of CO reach more than 35%, the pelletizing degree of metalization of coming out of the stove just can reach 80%, so all need near composition of fumes furnace bottom pelletizing to monitor each section of rotary hearth furnace, can be with O in furnace gas in actually operating
2, for controlling target coal gas combustion-supporting wind and secondary air flow are regulated with CO content, be specifically restricted to O
2volume composition is than <3%, CO<500ppm.
(3) dividing for sub-control of coal gas combustion-supporting wind and secondary air
For improving CO post-combustion rate,, carry out secondary air and specialize in apart from the suitable height placement overfire air jet of pelletizing at burner hearth side wall; Coal gas and combustion air thereof feed by side burner at the higher preheating section of furnace height and reduction I section, feed by overhead flat flame burner in the lower reduction II section of furnace height, soaking I section and soaking II section, position and the quantity of each control section burner and nozzle refer to table 2.According to composition of fumes actual measurement content and online mathematical model prediction result, combustion air and secondary air flow are controlled respectively.
The layout of the each control section coal gas burner of table 2 and overfire air jet
(side burner and overfire air jet are from sphere height 640mm)
Carbonaceous pelletizing is controlled through rotary hearth furnace thermal technology, and in rotary hearth furnace, direct-reduction obtains metallized pellet, 1000 DEG C of temperature, metallized pellet degree of metalization 80%.Its chemical composition is in table 3.
Table 3 finished product metallized pellet chemical composition (%)
| TFe | FeO | MFe | CaO | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | MgO | S | P | Other |
| 71.72 | 18.442 | 57.38 | 4.958 | 6.404 | 1.402 | 2.095 | 1.04 | 0.074 | 8.20 |
Embodiment 2
Rotary furnace bottom width 2m in example of the present invention, useful area 56m
2.Enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing (green-ball) parameter and enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing temperature with embodiment 1.
The rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction comprises Control for Kiln Temperature, the control of furnace gas composition and three aspects of air feed:
(1) control of high furnace temperature
Each section of control furnace temperature of rotary hearth furnace is as follows:
1) in preheating section control furnace temperature at 1050 DEG C;
2) reducing I section and reduction II section control furnace temperature at 1200 DEG C;
3) in soaking I section control furnace temperature at 1180 DEG C, in soaking II section control furnace temperature at 950 DEG C;
Other step is with embodiment 1.
(2) composition of fumes control
Specifically be restricted to O
2volume composition is than <3%, CO<500ppm, preferably, O
2volume composition is than being 1%-2%, CO<300ppm.
(3) dividing for sub-control of coal gas combustion-supporting wind and secondary air
Position and the quantity of each control section burner and nozzle refer to table 4, and other step is with embodiment 1.
The layout of the each control section coal gas burner of table 4 and overfire air jet
(side burner and overfire air jet are from sphere height 500mm)
Carbonaceous pelletizing is controlled through rotary hearth furnace thermal technology, and in rotary hearth furnace, direct-reduction obtains metallized pellet, 930 DEG C of temperature, metallized pellet degree of metalization 70%.
Embodiment 3
Rotary furnace bottom width 3m in example of the present invention, useful area 100m
2.Enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing (green-ball) parameter and enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing temperature with embodiment 1.
The rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction comprises Control for Kiln Temperature, the control of furnace gas composition and three aspects of air feed:
(1) control of high furnace temperature
Each section of control furnace temperature of rotary hearth furnace is as follows:
1) in preheating section control furnace temperature at 1150 DEG C;
2) reducing I section and reduction II section control furnace temperature at 1300 DEG C;
3) in soaking I section control furnace temperature at 1300 DEG C, in soaking II section control furnace temperature at 1100 DEG C;
Other step is with embodiment 1.
(2) composition of fumes control
Specifically be restricted to O
2volume composition is than <3%, CO<500ppm, preferably, O
2volume composition is than being 1%-2%, CO<300ppm.
(3) dividing for sub-control of coal gas combustion-supporting wind and secondary air
Position and the quantity of each control section burner and nozzle refer to table 5, and other step is with embodiment 1.
The layout of the each control section coal gas burner of table 5 and overfire air jet
(side burner and overfire air jet are from sphere height 520mm)
Carbonaceous pelletizing is controlled through rotary hearth furnace thermal technology, and in rotary hearth furnace, direct-reduction obtains metallized pellet, 1030 DEG C of temperature, metallized pellet degree of metalization 83%.
Embodiment 4
Rotary furnace bottom width 7m in example of the present invention, useful area 1686m
2.Enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing (green-ball) parameter and enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing temperature with embodiment 1.
The rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method of carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction comprises Control for Kiln Temperature, the control of furnace gas composition and three aspects of air feed:
(1) control of high furnace temperature
Each section of control furnace temperature of rotary hearth furnace is as follows:
1) in preheating section control furnace temperature at 1150 DEG C;
2) reducing I section and reduction II section control furnace temperature at 1300 DEG C;
3) in soaking I section control furnace temperature at 1300 DEG C, in soaking II section control furnace temperature at 1100 DEG C;
Other step is with embodiment 1.
(2) composition of fumes control
Specifically be restricted to O
2volume composition is than <3%, CO<500ppm, preferably, O
2volume composition is than being 1%-2%, CO<300ppm.
(3) dividing for sub-control of coal gas combustion-supporting wind and secondary air
Position and the quantity of each control section burner and nozzle refer to table 6, and other step is with embodiment 1.
The layout of the each control section coal gas burner of table 6 and overfire air jet
(side burner and overfire air jet are from sphere height 800mm)
Carbonaceous pelletizing is controlled through rotary hearth furnace thermal technology, and in rotary hearth furnace, direct-reduction obtains metallized pellet, 1030 DEG C of temperature, metallized pellet degree of metalization 85%.
Comparative example 1
Rotary furnace bottom width 5m in example of the present invention, useful area 412m
2.Enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing (green-ball) parameter and enter stove carbonaceous pelletizing temperature with embodiment 1.
According to thermal technology's control method of steel rolling rotary heating furnace, each control section furnace temperature is as follows:
1) in preheating section control furnace temperature at 980 DEG C;
2) reducing I section control furnace temperature at 1100 DEG C;
3) reducing II section control furnace temperature at 1300 DEG C;
4) in soaking I section and soaking II section control furnace temperature at 1300 DEG C;
Other step is with embodiment 1.
Carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction in rotary hearth furnace obtains metallized pellet, 1180 DEG C of temperature, metallized pellet degree of metalization 74%.Although metallized pellet temperature is higher, degree of metalization is on the low side.In addition, because steel rolling rotary heating furnace does not exist secondary air supply, in the situation that not carrying out coal gas combustion-supporting wind and secondary air separating for sub-control, reduzate CO post-combustion rate is difficult to ensure, gas consumption amount increase while reaching same metal rate; Meanwhile, because Control for Kiln Temperature difficulty strengthens, the final index of metallized pellet is also difficult to be guaranteed.
Claims (2)
1. for a rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method for carbonaceous pelletizing direct-reduction, the method comprises the following steps:
1) in preheating section control furnace temperature at 1150 ± 100 DEG C;
2) reducing I section and reduction II section control furnace temperature at 1300 ± 100 DEG C;
3) in soaking I section control furnace temperature at 1300 ± 120 DEG C, in soaking II section control furnace temperature at 1100 ± 150 DEG C;
In above-mentioned steps 1)～3) in, control furnace bottom composition of fumes, wherein, control O
2volume composition is than <3%, CO<500ppm;
Wherein, 3～10 of described preheating section arranged outside coal gas burners, inner side arrange 2～8 of coal gas burners; 3～10 of described preheating section arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 2～8 of overfire air jets;
5～12 of described reduction I section arranged outside coal gas burners, inner side arrange 4～11 of coal gas burners, and 5～12 of arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 4～11 of overfire air jets; Reduction II section overhead flat flame coal gas burner is 10～32, and 8～16 of arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 6～13 of overfire air jets;
9～24 of described soaking I section overhead flat flame coal gas burners, 5～12 of arranged outside overfire air jets, inner side arrange 3～9 of overfire air jets; Described soaking II section overhead flat flame coal gas burner is 7～20, and 0～4 of arranged outside overfire air jet, inner side arrange 0～4 of overfire air jet.
2. rotary hearth furnace thermal technology control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the distance between center line rotary hearth furnace charge level height of rotary hearth furnace side coal gas burner and overfire air jet is 500～800mm.
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| CN103148703A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-12 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Experimental device for simulating reduction of rotary hearth furnace |
| CN103667743B (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2016-08-17 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Treatment method of laterite-nickel ore |
| CN107436090A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-05 | 神雾科技集团股份有限公司 | The control system and method for a kind of rotary hearth furnace |
| CN112097514B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-03-18 | 江苏天淮钢管有限公司 | Ultralow-emission annular furnace |
| CN112815702B (en) * | 2020-12-12 | 2023-08-22 | 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 | Production method for reducing burning loss in Cr-Mo steel blank continuous furnace |
| CN113091452A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-09 | 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 | Configuration method of combustion system of rotary hearth furnace |
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| CN101230411B (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2010-09-15 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Carbonaceous pellet two-stage jumping type temperature-control reduction smelting equipment and method |
| CN101413041B (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2010-06-30 | 北京神雾热能技术有限公司 | Coal-based direct reduction iron rotary hearth furnace and combustion method thereof |
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