CN102807446A - Formula and production method of microbial organic fertilizer special for rice during preparation of fertilizer by household garbage - Google Patents
Formula and production method of microbial organic fertilizer special for rice during preparation of fertilizer by household garbage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a formula and a production method of microbial organic fertilizer special for rice during preparation of fertilizer by household garbage. The formula is provided according to the growth habit of the rice and different requirements of the rice on various nutritional components, wherein the original fertilizer, which is formed by removing heavy metal ions from the household garbage and then performing high-temperature mineralization fermentation treatment and comprises more than or equal to 40 percent of organic matters, serves as the base material; main nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are added reasonably; and trace elements of silicon and zinc, a biological preparation, an enriched carrier plant auxin mixture and a soil conditioner which meet the special requirements of the rice are added. The invention adopts a two-time coordination production method, therefore 1, the problem that the beneficial elements which are volatile and in failure during drying cannot be added into the fertilizer is solved; 2, the problems that the solid silicon fertilizer is inconvenient to use and the liquid silicon fertilizer is inconvenient to apply are solved; and 3, the problems that the plant growth regulating substances are fixed by soil colloid and biologically degraded easily are solved according to the enriched carrier mode. The fertilizer has balanced and comprehensive nutrients, is convenient to use, and contributes to improving soil, enhancing fertilizer effect, improving crop quality and increasing crop yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of domestic refuse composting technology, belong to field of fertilizer production, particularly relating to a kind of is the paddy rice special microorganism organic fertilizer formula and the working method of raw material with the domestic refuse.
Background technology
The whole nation overall survey of soil for the second time in 1979 33 years so far; Continuous application fertilizer is mainly leaned in raising the output of agricultural during this; Comprise with the chemical fertilizer being main paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer; And the negative impact that brings thus also highlights day by day: the volatilization of ammonia and denitrification denitrogenation are to the pollution of atmospheric environment; The loss of nitrogen is to the pollution of surface water and groundwater environment, and nitrogen causes the especially enrichment of Nitrate Content in Food of agricultural-food, the pollution that the phosphorus element causes the eutrophication of surface water body with face of land runoff and brings heavy metal cadmium when using; Long-term single physics, chemistry and biological character that has also worsened soil to fertilize, soil aggregate goes to pot, and seriously hardens; The potential of hydrogen overbalance; Nutritive element is normally out of proportion in the soil, and a large amount of useful microbes and active substance are destroyed, and keeping fertility, moisture holding capacity descend year by year; Simultaneously also reduce the anti-adversity ability of farm crop, comprised disease-resistant worm, resistant to lodging, cold-resistant, drought resisting, caused crop production reduction and product quality to reduce.Drawback like that is with the Sustainable development of seriously restriction agricultural.Change single custom to fertilize, vigorously promote the use organic fertilizer, improve the soil, and then improve crops quality and improve crop yield, progressively become people's common recognition.
After China's organic fertilizer standard in 2002 is put into effect; Development through 10 years; China's organic fertilizer production begins to take shape; But concentrate to be distributed in developed area and organic fertilizer repository, and producing small business below 20,000 tons per year, to account for enterprise total more than 3/4ths, the proportion of bio-organic fertilizer is less than 15%.Problem is, the production technique of organic fertilizer does not have mostly that strict fermentation forms water-soluble organic matter, amino acid, protein through the high temperature mineralising, is unfavorable for crop absorption, and main management is supported low, and use value is not high; The raw material sources of organic fertilizer production are in short supply, and a large amount of domestic refuses is endlessly only utilized in the composting process treating refuse as the fertilizer raw material, and do not reject heavy-metal pollution, cause fertilizer to be difficult to up to standard and do not have market; To meet again in the composting process that heat be prone to be decomposed and element exclusions such as functional microbial that forfeiture is renderd a service, plant growth regulating substance, soil conditioner, directly influence the fertilizer effect.
The raw material sources of developing organic fertilizer are paid attention to organic fertilizer quality and effect; Filling a vacancy because of lacking, research and develop the special-purpose microbial organic fertilizer of various crops, is the direction and goal of fertilizer industry development.Having only to combine mikrobe, fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, plant growth regulating substance, soil conditioner and produce novel crop dedicated fertilizer, just meet the fertile demand of using of modern agriculture, also is the development trend of fertilizer industry.In recent years, we complied with this developing direction and trend, were raw material with the domestic refuse, had invented domestic refuse fertilize preparation craft and auxiliary facility thereof.Its technical process is; To sub-elect the levigate slurrying of garbage organism material behind plastics and the scrap metal earlier; Take the complex-precipitation method to reject the harm of heavy metal (ion) in the rubbish (plant and animal residues) then; Obtain organic former fertilizer through the dehydration compatibility and through high temperature mineral reaction fermentation again, after twice element coordination fertilize preparation craft output biological organic fertilizer.The fertilizer that produces is checked through quality inspection organization; Each item indexs such as heavy metal content, living bacteria count, main nutrient are all up to standard; Compare with single organic fertilizer and single sealing fertilizer, the plant growth effect significantly improves, and also lays a good foundation for further researching and developing the special-purpose fertilizer of various crops.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the objective of the invention is adopting the domestic refuse fertilize preparation craft to produce on the basis of the former fertilizer of high temperature mineralising development paddy rice special microorganism organic fertilizer formula and working method.
Inventive principle: the organic materials behind the sorting consumer waste; After rejecting the decontamination of heavy metal ion technology; According to " mineral nutrition of plant theory " requirement; Carry out high temperature mineral reaction fermentation, obtain the organic former fertilizer (organic matter can form water-soluble glucide in the former fertilizer at this moment) of rotten degree >=80% then.According to its physico-chemical property, can allocate N, P, K to reach >=7% and do not influence the characteristic of fertilizer, the responsive especially beneficial element of various crops can also be allocated respectively.Because organic composition is big,,, be made for the absorption of thing root thereby in the soil solution, form comprehensive glucide so can add the functional microbial inoculum of rhizosphere, soil conditioner again and add rich carrier plant growth regulating substance to not injury of mikrobe.
The foundation of paddy rice special microorganism organic fertilizer formula: one of which; Improve the soil; Improve crop quality; Depending merely on chemical fertilizer can run counter to desire, thus this prescription with contain organic matter>=40%, be basic material through the organic former fertilizer (raw material is from domestic refuse) of rejecting heavy metal and high temperature mineralising fermentative processing; Its two, add main nutrient: the one, ammonium chloride mainly provides ammonium nitrogen plain (N), can replenish chlorine (Cl) simultaneously, chlorine has the effect of raising paddy rice (strong anti-chlorine crop) yield and quality; The 2nd, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate not only contains main nutrient Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P
2O
5), also contain various nutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, manganese, molybdenum; The 3rd, Repone K provides potash fertilizer, is applied to the farmland soil lower floor moisture is risen, and the effect of drought resisting is arranged; Its three, add water glass and Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate: long-term single ploughing is the strong acid reaction to fertilize, and base runs off, and causes the serious silicon that lacks, and causes element silicon to become the limiting factor of rice nutrition.Because water glass is the water miscible siliceous fertilizer of deep processing; Paddy rice is representational happiness silicon crop; The title that " silicic acid plant " often arranged; The water-soluble silicon of capacity can promote the growth of plant fiber tissue, and control plant lodging and the resistance of enhancing paddy rice to disease and pest improve the plain nutrition of phosphorus and promote photosynthesis and metabolic process thereof.Silicon can also strengthen the ability to take oxygen of root, reduces ferrous iron and the excessive absorption of the manganese murder by poisoning to root system.When lacking silicon, soluble nitrogen increases with sugar in the paddy rice body, and disease resistance weakens, and grain number per spike and setting percentage, thousand seed weight reduce, and rice quality descends.The contained sodium element of water glass can improve soil acidity, displaces the potassium element in the soil, increases fertilizer efficiency.Paddy rice also has more demand to zinc fertilizer (ZnO) simultaneously; Zinc is the paddy rice trace elements necessary; Zinc with make growth hormone in the object, chlorophyllous formation is relevant; Can participate in the synthetic and conversion of glucide, the metabolism of also participating in nitrogen improves the weight and the output of seed, improves winter resistance and the salt tolerance of crop; Its four, add the anaerobe preparation: be because the nitrogen in being manured into soil, phosphorus, potash fertilizer under action of microorganisms, will become the NO that can directly be utilized absorption by plant
3, P
2O
5, K
2O, and the effective nitrogen element in the fixed air of profitable strain (black mold, yeast etc.) with the phosphorus that was fixed originally in the soil, potassium element activation, increase soil permeability, improve fertilizer utilization ratio to greatest extent.Simultaneously; A large amount of beneficial microorganisms breedings are with movable, mineral substance, organic matter, inorganic salt in the soil are fully decomposed and utilize, and not only can eliminate the pathogenic bacteria of more than 30 kind of common disease in the soil; But also can quicken beneficial microorganism metabolism and photosynthesis in the soil; Decompose objectionable impuritiess such as the residual and agricultural chemicals of chemical fertilizer in the soil, weedicide residual hazard, avoid new objectionable impurities to produce, and the sugar degree starch protein content that improves plant is more than 20%; VITAMINs, amino acid are obviously increased, and improve crop quality; Its five, add plant growth regulating substance (plant growth regulator): can regulate growth, differentiation, the growth of plant, hestening rooting promotes fruit development, prevents fruit drop, and weeding also promotes proteinic biosynthesizing when promoting growth; Its six, add soil conditioner (Humate Soil Conditioner): can chessom, improve the soil physical chemistry coefficient; Promote that the growth and the beneficial microorganism of root system are movable, help soil to discharge the various nutritive elements that help plant absorbing, promote that trace element is better absorbed by root system of plant; And can administer soil compaction; Chessom improves soil permeability, increases the preserve moisture and fertility ability of soil; Reduce soil water evaporation, the performance of extremely significant " water conservation, getting fat, ventilative " three big conditioning soil is arranged.Simultaneously can strengthen the disease-resistant crops ability, improve crop yield and improve its quality.
The technology quality index that paddy rice special microorganism fertilizer should reach:, make the technology quality index of paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer: water-soluble organic matter>=30% according to minimum nutrient rate and paddy growth habit, phenological period; Ammonium nitrogen N>=4%; Available phosphorus P
2O
5>=1%; Potassium oxide K
2O>=2%; Silicon-dioxide SiO
2>=5.5%; Zinc element Zn>=0.6%; Sodium element Na>=2%; Add rich carrier plant hormone mixture>=0.1%; Soil conditioner>=0.1%; Living bacteria count>=200,000,000/g.Total effective constituent>=45% contains moisture≤20%.
The scientific formula of paddy rice special microorganism fertilizer: according to the technology quality index of paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer requirement; The concrete prescription of paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer ton product is: the organic former fertilizer (rotten degree 80% of high temperature mineralising fermentation maturity per ton; Contain moisture 40%, organic>=40%, N, P, K>=3.3); Add ammonium chloride (English name Ammouium Chloride, the molecular formula NH of its weight 10%
4CL, N element>=25%); 5% fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate (English name fused calcium-magnesium phosphate, no clear and definite molecular formula, P
2O
518%); 2.5% Repone K (English name potassium chloride, chemical formula KCL, K
2O>=60%); 20% sodium silicate aqueous solution (English name Sodium metasilicatenonahydrate, molecular formula Na
2SiO
3, SiO
2>=29.2%, sodium oxide Na
2O>=12.8); 1% Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate (English name zincvitriol, molecular formula ZnSO
4.7H
2O, ZnO60%); 0.05% black mold (Aspergillus niger) and 0.05% yeast (yeast) synthetic anaerobe preparation; 0.1% by indolebutyric acid (1h-indole-3-butanoic acid)+NAA (α-naphthaleneacetic acid) and phytokinin (6-Benzylaminopurine)+VITAMINs (vitamin)+indolylacetic acid (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) synthetic adds rich carrier plant hormone mixture (losing efficacy owing to these elements are prone to be fixed by soil colloid, so use after must processing configuration carrier chemical combination earlier); 0.1% by SEPIGEL 305 (Polyacrylamide) and the soil conditioner of exempting to deep plough and constituting.
The working method of paddy rice special microorganism fertilizer: adopt two minor element coordinate production technique; Be exactly to mix the former fertilizer that is difficult under not volatile in oven dry and the high temperature losing efficacy, ammonium chloride, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate, pulverize as the coordination first time; Spray into by the water of mixed ingredients weight 10% and the sodium silicate aqueous solution synthetic water slurry that is mixed again and carry out granulation, it is for use to dry and filter out 2-4mm particle work in-process then; Again volatile, non-refractory and be prone to lose efficacy add rich carrier plant hormone mixture, biotechnological formulation carries out the element coordination second time with an amount of former fertilizer and mixes, pulverizes, the water that sprays into again by mixed ingredients weight 20% carries out granulation with the solution that soil conditioner is mixed.Particulate material after the oven dry of coordination for the first time at last and coordination for the second time without the particulate material of oven dry by 5: 1 ratio remix, polish and filter out the 2-4mm particle, pack.
Beneficial effect of the present invention; According to the habits of farm crop and to the different demands of various nutritive ingredients, it is special-purpose fertile that various crops are produced in research and development, is the fertile trend of using of modern agriculture, and the development of paddy rice special microorganism fertilizer is exactly once successful trial.The present invention is directed to the characteristics of paddy rice, fill a vacancy because of lacking, scientific formula is developed the complete nutrition fertilizer of paddy rice.Especially be raw material with the domestic refuse, when protection and improving the ecological environment, opened up a large amount of raw materials markets endlessly, will effectively support agricultural sustainable development for organic fertilizer production.Adopt twice coordinate working method in the fertiliser prodn, solved Three Difficult Issues: the one, solved the problem that in the oven dry beneficial element of volatile inefficacy is difficult to add fertilizer; The 2nd, solve the bad usefulness of solid siliceous fertilizer, liquid silicon fertilizer and be inconvenient to the difficult problem used again; The 3rd, with add rich carrier format solved plant growth regulating substance be prone to by soil colloid fixing with a biodegradable difficult problem, thereby accomplish the fertilizer nutritive equilibrium, conveniently use again comprehensively.The present invention will make positive contribution for improving the soil, increase fertilizer efficiency, raising crop quality and output.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: two coordination biological organic fertilizer production line structural representations
Shown in the figure: 1-1 and 1-2, batch mixes machine 2-1 and 2-2, kibbler 3-1 to 3-8, conveying belt 4-1 and 4-2, granulation dish 5, dryer 6-1 and 6-2, analysis sieve 7, control gauger 8, mixing polishing machine 9, pocket of electrons installation
Embodiment
Former fertilizer and ammonium chloride, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate that to not be afraid of oven dry loss, inefficacy are mixed in batch mixes machine 1-1; And pulverize the bulk material be mixed and form through kibbler 2-1; Flow into conveying belt 3-1 and send granulation dish 4-1 whitewashing (by the 10% spirt water and the sodium silicate aqueous solution of the mixed ingredients weight synthetic slurry that is mixed) balling-up to, particulate material is sent into dryer 5 oven dry through conveying belt 3-3 again, after rolling in 25 minutes is dried; The conveying belt 3-5 that flows through gets into and analyzes sieve 6-1; Through screening choosing (the sieve front portion is told less than the 2mm material and is returned reprocessing, and 1/3 place, back, sieve middle part filters out the qualified particulate material of 2-4mm and falls, screen overflow promptly>=materials flow of 4mm go out sieve return pulverize reprocessing again); The particulate material of diameter 2-4mm (containing moisture≤15%) flows into conveying belt 3-6, leads to mix polishing machine 8.
Simultaneously with former fertilizer and the functional living being preparation that should not dry, add rich carrier plant hormone mixture and send to together among the batch mixes machine 1-2 and be mixed; The bulk material that in kibbler 2-2 will be mixed, will form is again pulverized; And after conveying belt 3-2 sends granulation dish 4-2 whitewashing (adding into by 20% of mixed ingredients weight, water is mixed into solution with soil conditioner) balling-up to, particulate material is sent into control gauger 7 through conveying belt 3-4 again.
Control in 1 (granulation of coordination for the second time) through control gauger 7 then: the ratio of 5 (work in-process of the granulation of coordination for the first time oven dry) is sent polishing machine 8 to through the shared conveying belt 3-6 of twice coordination; Two kinds of particles (oven dry and without oven dry) are accomplished simultaneously in mixing polishing machine 8 and are mixed, polish; Send to through conveying belt 3-7 again and analyze sieve 6-2; Screening (the same) goes out diameter 2-4mm particle; Then advance pocket of electrons installation 9 packings through conveying belt 3-8, being up to the standards is finished product (containing moisture≤20%).
Production instance 1 (according to the ROP arrangement): produce by production configuration in 4 hours.
Raw material is prepared: 36 tons of high temperature mineralising proferments fertile (organic>=40%, NPK>=3.3% contains moisture≤40%); 3.6 tons of ammonium chlorides (N plain 25%); Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate (P
2O
5>=18%) 1.8 ton; Repone K (K
2O60%) 0.9 ton; Sodium silicate aqueous solution (silicon-dioxide SiO2>=29.2%, sodium oxide Na
2O>=12.8) 7.2 tons; Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate (ZnO>=60%) 360Kg; Biotechnological formulation 36Kg; Add rich carrier plant hormone mixture 36Kg; Soil conditioner 36Kg.
The operation of coordination for the first time (using 5 production lines to carry out simultaneously): the operative employee sends the former fertilizer of a shovel 200kg to coordination for the first time with batch mixes machine (for once measuring, every each operate continuously of production line 30 times, shared former fertile 30 tons); And in former fertilizer (200kg), allocate ammonium chloride 20kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 10kg, Repone K 5kg, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate 2kg into; Mix above-mentioned raw materials, after being discharged into down kibbler and pulverizing, the conveying belt of flowing through is sent into the granulation dish.Start the granulation dish, whitewashing (add water 20kg and sodium silicate aqueous solution 40kg are mixed synthetic water slurry) granulation, rolling balling 2-4mm continues reinforcedly simultaneously, and material is full to flow out automatically, along conveying belt entering dryer.Open blower, send into dryer to hot gas, particulate material flows out dryer after 25 minutes, filters out diameter 2-4mm particle (defective material steams again granulation again), will advance to mix polishing machine simultaneously with coordination second time particulate material through conveying belt.
The operation of element coordination for the second time (carry out simultaneously with the coordination operation first time, uses 1 production line operation): shovel former fertile 200kg put into coordination for the second time with the batch mixes machine (for once measuring operate continuously 30 times; With former fertile 6 tons); Allocate into and add rich carrier plant hormone mixture 0.2kg, each 0.1kg of black mold and yeast, inflow kibbler pulverizing after mixing; Send the granulation dish to through conveying belt again; The soil conditioner aqueous solution (by 40kg water and the preparation of 0.2kg soil conditioner) granulation is removed in spray, and rolling balling 2-4mm sends into control gauger (particulate material is led to above the conveying belt that mixes polishing machine after being installed in the oven dry screening) through conveying belt then.
Then; Make the particulate material of coordinate oven dry for the first time advance to mix polishing machine without the particulate material (by the monitoring of control gauger) of oven dry in 5: 1 ratios with coordination for the second time; After accomplishing mixing, polishing simultaneously, send the arrangement of analysis sieve to through conveying belt, with 2-4mm particle fertilizer packing (50kg/ bag).36 tons of former fertilizer of this batch and batching, common property go out 36.8 tons of paddy rice special microorganism fertilizers (containing moisture 17.3%).Reach the technology quality index of national NY525-2002 standard and enterprise design formulation through check.
Claims (2)
1. the prescription of paddy rice special microorganism fertilizer in the domestic refuse composting: rotten degree per ton >=80%, contain the organic former fertilizer of the high temperature mineralising fermentation maturity of moisture 40%, organic >=40%, add nitrogenous 25% ammonium chloride of its weight 10%; Add phosphorous 18% fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of its weight 5%; Add the Repone K that contains potassium 60% of its weight 2.5%; Add the sodium silicate aqueous solution that contains silicon-dioxide 29.2% of its weight 20%; Add the Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate that contains zinc 60% of its weight 1%; Add the black mold of its weight 0.05% and 0.05% yeast synthetic anaerobe preparation; That adds its weight 0.1% adds rich carrier plant hormone mixture by indolebutyric acid+d-naphthylacetic acid and phytokinin+VITAMINs+indolylacetic acid synthetic; Add its weight 0.1% by SEPIGEL 305, the soil conditioner of exempting to deep plough and constituting.
2. the working method of paddy rice special microorganism fertilizer in the domestic refuse composting: adopt two minor element coordinate production technique; Be exactly to mix the former fertilizer that is difficult under not volatile in oven dry and the high temperature losing efficacy, ammonium chloride, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate, pulverize as the coordination first time; Spray into by the water of mixed ingredients weight 10% and the sodium silicate aqueous solution synthetic water slurry that is mixed again and carry out granulation, it is for use to dry and filter out 2-4mm particle work in-process then; Again volatile, non-refractory and be prone to lose efficacy add rich carrier plant hormone mixture, biotechnological formulation carries out the element coordination second time with an amount of former fertilizer and mixes, pulverizes, the water that sprays into again by mixed ingredients weight 20% carries out granulation with the solution that soil conditioner is mixed.Particulate material after the oven dry of coordination for the first time at last and coordination for the second time without the particulate material of oven dry by 5: 1 ratio remix, polish and filter out the 2-4mm particle, pack.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103011979A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-03 | 中国水稻研究所 | Special rice sheeted fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104355786A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-18 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Special controllable slow-release organic fertilizer for rice and preparation method of organic fertilizer |
| CN104876759A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-02 | 哈尔滨金田农业科技有限公司 | A soil restoration particle and a preparing and using method thereof |
| CN107556078A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-01-09 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | A kind of Functional rice fertilizer special for organic and its production technology |
| CN108276221A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-13 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizer and preparation method thereof for strengthening rice disease resistance |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103011979A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-03 | 中国水稻研究所 | Special rice sheeted fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103011979B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-01-28 | 中国水稻研究所 | Special rice sheeted fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104876759A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-02 | 哈尔滨金田农业科技有限公司 | A soil restoration particle and a preparing and using method thereof |
| CN104876759B (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2020-10-09 | 哈尔滨金田农业科技有限公司 | Soil remediation particles and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN104355786A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-18 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Special controllable slow-release organic fertilizer for rice and preparation method of organic fertilizer |
| CN107556078A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-01-09 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | A kind of Functional rice fertilizer special for organic and its production technology |
| CN108276221A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-07-13 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizer and preparation method thereof for strengthening rice disease resistance |
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Application publication date: 20121205 |