CN102798420B - A kind of method of testing of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss and system - Google Patents
A kind of method of testing of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to environmental protection and field of energy-saving technology, refering in particular to the method and corresponding test macro thereof that measure the volatilization loss that all kinds of container produces when loading and unloading liquid operation.Utilize the present invention, the field distribution of liquid loading and unloading process concentrations, thermo parameters method, gas liquid ratio can also be tested out, and these parameters are subject to the influence degree of different original liquid vapor concentration in container, different handling liquid velocity, different dress liquid open height.Testing cargo handling process volatilization loss amount and distribution of concentration, thermo parameters method, the gas liquid ratio of acquisition based on the present invention, by analyzing the influence factor of each parameter, thus can be used to the volatilization loss amount how reducing liquid loading and unloading process in Instructing manufacture practice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection and field of energy-saving technology, refering in particular to the method and corresponding test macro thereof that measure the volatilization loss that all kinds of container produces when loading and unloading liquid operation.
Background technology
Some containers (as vertical tank, horizontal tank) can produce more serious volatilization loss when loading and unloading liquid operation; Such as, oil and petroleum products, the chemical products such as crude oil, gasoline, diesel oil, naphtha, owing to being subject to the restriction of technology and equipment, these liquid are when to oil tank loading and unloading operation, inevitably some lighter liquid composition is vaporized and escapes into air, there is serious volatilization loss; As this class I liquid I, the harm that its volatilization loss is brought is very large, brings environmental pollution not only to accumulating links, also can cause the wasting of resources, cause serious economic loss, and liquid quality is declined, affect the normal use of liquid, also easily produce the potential safety hazard that can not be ignored simultaneously.
When a kind of container is when loading and unloading liquid process, because the continuous change of liquid level will cause volatilization loss; When container is at sacking, liquid level constantly rises, and gas in container is compressed, and pressure raises, if this container be normal pressure tank or large gas tank time, the gas in container can enter air through the vacuum pressure valve of container (or oil tank) or floss hole, causes damage; When container is when unloading liquid process, liquid level constantly declines, and gas in container space increases, pressure reduces, when pressure drop is to the controlling value of vacuum pressure valve, vacuum pressure valve is opened, and air is inhaled into container, the liquid vapors concentration of the gas space is declined, impel the further volatilization of liquid vapors, unloading after liquid process terminates, container inner pressure rises again gradually, until to Exhaust Gas outside container, cause volatilization loss; The size of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss is not only relevant with the physical property (as density, component) of this liquid, also relevant with the factors such as structure type and pressure rating, residing geographic position, atmospheric temperature, wind direction, wind-force of container.
The volatilization loss that liquid loading and unloading process produces is a complicated process, the theoretical appraisal of container cargo handling process volatilization loss mainly by founding mathematical models, volatilization loss amount estimated and analyzes its influence factor; But the estimation at present for liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss there is no high, the generally acknowledged theoretical formula of a precision.
Therefore, the present invention is intended to develop a kind of method of testing of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss and corresponding test macro thereof, utilize the present invention, can be used to measure and variously there is volatile liquid under various handling condition (as different vessels original liquid vapor concentration, different import and export loads and unloads flow quantity, different loading hatch height, different vessels structure and pressure rating thereof) the volatilization loss amount that produces, and the influence factor of volatilization loss amount is evaluated, thus to a certain extent for Reducing Consumption Measure choose and enforcement provides theoretical and experimental basis, simultaneously, also can demarcate and error evaluation existing computing formula by the present invention.
Retrieved domestic and foreign databases according to the technology of the present invention feature, not yet meet the method for testing of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss and the patent of test macro thereof published.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of there are the various volatile liquid cargo handling process volatilization losses of versatility method of testing and corresponding test macro, thus can be the volatilization loss that container is carrying out liquid loading and unloading process and measure, and by analyzing the influence factor of volatilization loss amount, for instruct Reducing Consumption Measure choose and enforcement provides theoretical and experimental basis.Meanwhile, also can demarcate and error evaluation existing computing formula by the present invention.
Content measurement of the present invention mainly comprises the distribution in concentration field and temperature field, gas liquid ratio, the volatilization loss amount (loss percentage) of container discharge.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is:
(1) at the dress liquid mouth of the longitudinal disposed at equal distance of handling liquid container 3 ~ 6 differing heights; The number of dress liquid mouth can be determined according to the height of container and actual needs.According to the accuracy requirement of data acquisition and the size of container, the vertical range between every 2 charge of oil mouths can be designed to 200mm ~ 500mm, and the dress liquid mouth of the highest (or minimum) is generally 200mm ~ 300mm from the distance of container top (or bottom).Wherein, to the accuracy requirement of data acquisition, high or small container, gets smaller value; Otherwise, desirable higher value.
(2) at handling liquid container longitudinally difference several highly sensitive temperature test points of disposed at equal distance and several self-priming gas air hatch, and also arrange 1 highly sensitive temperature test point and 1 self-priming gas air hatch respectively in vapor delivery line exit, survey the temperature and concentration distribution situation of loading, unloading process liquids steam respectively.According to the height of container, longitudinally 3 ~ 8 temperature test points and 3 ~ 8 self-priming gas air hatch are arranged along in container, according to the accuracy requirement of data acquisition and the size of container, vertical range between every 2 temperature test points or every 2 self-priming gas air hatch can be designed to 100mm ~ 300mm, and the horizontal range between conplane temperature test point and self-priming gas air hatch can be designed to 200mm ~ 350mm.Suppose to arrange 4 temperature test points and 4 self-priming gas air hatch in container, container height is H, then temperature test point and self-priming gas air hatch are arranged in H/5,2H/5,3H/5,4H/5 plane place, and in container, temperature test point and self-priming gas air hatch are used to the Changing Pattern observing temperature and concentration field distribution in container.
(3) volume is utilized---concentration method test philosophy, namely the volume of liquid vapors that handling liquid container floss hole gives off and air Mixture is measured with gas flow transmitter, measure the vapor concentration of this combination gas again with gas chromatograph or other suitable gas composition analysis instrument, calculate the volatilization loss amount Δ of this liquid
m; Δ
maccording to the time length of container volatilization loss, can be divided into
nindividual test duration section, then by the loss amount of each time period of actual measurement, then gathers and calculates the total volatilization loss amount Δ of handling liquid container
m; Sometimes, in order to study and comparison convenience, often loss percentage is used
η, Δ
mwith
ηspecifically be calculated as follows:
(1)
(2)
In formula: Δ
m---the volatilization loss amount that container is total in handling liquid process, kg;
η---container dress liquid volatilization loss rate, %;
z---compressibility factor;
r---universal gas constant,
r=8.314 kJ/ (kmolK);
p i---the
ithe liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off and the general pressure of air Mixture and the pressure in vapor delivery line exit, kPa;
v i---the
ithe liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off and the volume of air Mixture and the volume in vapor delivery line exit, m
3;
t i---the
ithe liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off and the temperature of air Mixture and the temperature in vapor delivery line exit, K;
y i,j---the
iin the liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off the
jthe mole fraction of component, %;
μ i,j---the
iin the liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off the
jthe molal weight of component, kg/kmol;
m l---the liquid amount that container is total, kg;
v l---container general assembly liquid amasss, m3;
ρ l---fluid density, kg/m3;
m---number of components total in liquid vapors;
n---the T.T. section of test process segmentation.
Gas liquid ratio
λrefer to total cumulative volume of the liquid vapors that container sacking floss hole gives off and air Mixture and the long-pending ratio of general assembly liquid.
(3)
In formula:
λ---the gas liquid ratio of container sacking discharge combination gas;
v g---total cumulative volume of the liquid vapors that container sacking floss hole gives off and air Mixture, m3.
(4) on this basis, investigate different liquids, different original liquid vapor concentration, different import and export handling flow quantity volatilization loss amount, and assay is carried out to its major influence factors, can also demarcate and error evaluation existing volatilization loss computing formula.
A test macro for liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss, is characterized in that: described system forms by loading and unloading liquid container, equipment for liquid transportation, process pipeline and accessory thereof, data processing stations and gas analytical work station; Described process pipeline and accessory thereof comprise pipeline, filter air separator, operation valve and non-return valve; Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises temperature sensor, gas flow transmitter, fluid flow transmitter, tensimeter, vacuum meter or pressure unit and self-priming gas air hatch; Liquid loads and unloads the differing heights of liquid container successively respectively from a kind of discharge opeing discharge pipe loading and unloading liquid container with another kind dress liquid mouth by filtering air separator, vacuum meter or pressure unit, equipment for liquid transportation, tensimeter or pressure unit, non-return valve, fluid flow transmitter and operation valve is connected; The discharge pipe of the liquid vapors-air Mixture of another kind of handling liquid container, through operation valve, self-priming gas air hatch, temperature sensor, tensimeter or pressure unit, gas flow transmitter, is then discharged in air by spark arrester, floss hole; In another kind handling liquid container, temperature test point and self-priming gas air hatch are arranged in differing heights and vapor delivery line exit; The data centralization that temperature sensor, tensimeter, vacuum meter or pressure unit, fluid flow transmitter, gas flow transmitter and temperature test point collect carries out parameter conversion and computing to data processing stations; In another kind of handling liquid container and the liquid vapors-air gas mixture sample of the self-priming gas air hatch collection in vapor delivery line exit deliver to after gas analysis workstation carries out the analysis of liquid vapors component and concentration, then data are also focused on data processing stations and carry out computing.
Data processing stations comprises industrial computer and printer; Gas analysis workstation comprises gas chromatograph or other suitable gas composition analysis instrument, chromatographic data processing workstation and printer.
Described handling liquid container is the base for transport and storage containers for liquids of conventional structure, comprises and fixes top vertical tank, outer floating roof tank, internal floating roof vertical tank, horizontal tank, cargo tank or oil tank of vehicle.
Described equipment for liquid transportation can be centrifugal pump or other can be used to carry the power-equipment of liquid.
The self-priming gas air hatch of handling liquid container opens several mouths at container top, then the polyethylene pipe of φ 1mm ~ φ 2mm or stainless-steel tube are reached on the position of internal tank setting by this mouthful, thus extract assigned address gaseous sample by tiny structure self-priming, and this gaseous sample is delivered to gas composition analysis instrument and carry out forming and the analysis of concentration.
Gas chromatograph or other suitable gas composition analysis instrument are conventional analytical instrument, Main Analysis liquid vapors composition and concentration thereof.On the desired location that self-priming gas air hatch is arranged in internal tank and vapor delivery line exit.The self-priming gas air hatch of internal tank opens several mouths at container top, then the polyethylene pipe of φ 1mm ~ φ 2mm or stainless-steel tube are reached on the position of internal tank setting by this mouthful, thus extract assigned address gaseous sample by tiny structure self-priming, and this gaseous sample is delivered to gas composition analysis instrument and carry out forming and the analysis of concentration, high-precision gas flow transmitter, high-precision liquid flow transmitter, tensimeter (or vacuum meter) or pressure unit are all directly installed on pipeline, temperature sensor be arranged in internal tank setting position on and vapor delivery line exit.
In this test macro, liquid is transported to another kind of reservoir vessel through equipment for liquid transportation, process pipeline and accessory thereof from a kind of reservoir vessel, carries out data acquisition and mensuration by data acquisition system (DAS) to parameters such as the temperature in liquid loading and unloading process, concentration, pressure, flows.The test function that this system has mainly comprises: the gas liquid ratio of distribution of concentration test, thermo parameters method test, sacking volatilization loss amount (loss percentage) mensuration, container discharge measures.
For horizontal tank sacking, the main process of mensuration is as follows:
Sacking: according to mensuration demand and horizontal tank size, arrange the dress liquid mouth of several differing heights in horizontal tank.Liquid is transported to horizontal tank by carrying the power-equipment of liquid (as centrifugal pump) from storage tank.
Concentration field measure: in horizontal tank and vapor delivery line exit arrange several self-priming gas air hatch.?
i(
i=1 ~ n) test duration section (experimentally needing to draft), gather in horizontal tank and vapor delivery line exit gaseous sample, then analyzed by gas chromatograph or other suitable gas composition analysis instrument, can to obtain in different test duration section horizontal tank and in the liquid vapors in vapor delivery line exit the
j(
j=1 ~ m) mole fraction of component
y i, jthe regularity of distribution; Now, the gaseous sample that vapor delivery line exit gathers also can be considered the gaseous sample at horizontal tank top.
Thermo parameters method: in horizontal tank and vapor delivery line exit arrange several temperature test points.?
i(
i=1 ~ n) test duration section, read in horizontal tank respectively and the reading of vapor delivery line outlet temperature sensor, thus obtain different test duration section horizontal tank inside and vapor delivery line exit mixture temperature field distribution rule; Now, the mixed gas temperature that vapor delivery line exit gathers also can be considered the gas temperature at horizontal tank top.
Volatilization loss amount (loss percentage) calculates: the
i(
i=1 ~ n) test duration section, according to the reading of horizontal tank vapor delivery line exit gas flow transmitter, temperature sensor, pressure unit, can be obtained
ithe volume of the combination gas that horizontal tank floss hole gives off in test duration section
v i, temperature
t iand pressure
p i; In addition, according to aforesaid
iliquid vapors measured by test duration section vapor delivery line exit
j(
j=1 ~ m) mole fraction of component
y i, j, can in the hope of liquid vapors weighted molar quality now
y i,j.
μ i,j.Thus, utilize formula (1), the volatilization loss amount Δ that this dress liquid mouth sacking produces can be calculated
m; Meanwhile, according to the reading of the fluid flow transmitter on fluid-carrying lines, obtain total dress liquid and amass
v l, and then survey fluid density
ρ l, then loss percentage Δ can be calculated
m/ (
ρ l v l).
Gas liquid ratio is determined:
i(
i=1 ~ n) test duration section, according to the reading of horizontal tank vapor delivery line exit gas flow transmitter, the combination gas volume that in this test duration section, horizontal tank floss hole gives off can be obtained
v i, then horizontal tank floss hole gives off total combination gas volume and is
; Because liquid general assembly liquid amasss
v lcan be obtained by the reading of the fluid flow transmitter on fluid-carrying lines, then the gas liquid ratio of sacking horizontal tank discharge is determined by formula (3).
This test macro can be used for the mensuration of different liquids, different initial concentration, different volatilization loss amount (loss percentage) when importing and exporting handling flow quantity.Different handling flow quantity of importing and exporting is realized by the aperture of adjusting control valve; Meanwhile, this system can also measure the volatilization loss amount of liquid tank switching process and Oil Product Regulating process.
According to above-mentioned measured result and Changing Pattern thereof, assay can be carried out to the major influence factors of volatilization loss amount, can also demarcate and error evaluation the existing loss amount computing formula that evaporates; Further, also by analyzing the Changing Pattern of each parameter, obtain evaporate loss amount minimum time dress liquid operating mode, as mixture pressure, dress liquid time, dress liquid speed, charge of oil mouth position, Optimal Parameters value such as dress liquid temp, original liquid vapor concentration etc., and the operation of proposition rational dress liquid arranges.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the present invention is applicable to the mensuration of various volatile liquid cargo handling process volatilization loss amount, especially light constituent more and volatile Crude Oil & Petroleum Products, chemical products, as: crude oil, gasoline, diesel oil, naphtha, ethanol, aromatic hydrocarbon etc.
(2) mensuration of volatilization loss amount when the present invention can carry out cargo handling process for different base for transport and storage containers for liquids, as the base for transport and storage containers for liquids of the routine of the various structures such as fixing top vertical tank, outer floating roof tank, internal floating roof vertical tank, horizontal tank, cargo tank, oil tank of vehicle.
(3) the present invention is utilized, can also test out the field distribution of liquid loading and unloading process concentrations, thermo parameters method, gas liquid ratio, and these parameters are subject to the influence degree of different original liquid vapor concentration in container, different handling liquid velocity, different dress liquid open height.In the present invention, the distribution of concentration of mensuration, its volume components mark detectability ≯ 10
-6; The thermo parameters method measured, its thermometric error ≯ 0.1 DEG C; The gas liquid ratio measured, its measuring error ≯ 0.1%; The volatilization loss amount measured, its measuring error ≯ 0.095%.
(4) cargo handling process volatilization loss amount and distribution of concentration, thermo parameters method, the gas liquid ratio of acquisition is tested based on the present invention, by analyzing the influence factor of each parameter, thus can be used to the volatilization loss amount how reducing liquid loading and unloading process in Instructing manufacture practice.
Accompanying drawing explanation
accompanying drawing 1 is liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss test philosophy figure of the present invention;
1 data processing stations, 2 gas analysis workstations, 3,35 spark arresters, 4,34 gas flow transmitters, 5,17,19,33 pressure units, 6,32 temperature sensors, 7,31 oil gas air hatch, 8,10-13,15,22-25,27-30 operation valve, 9,36 liquid level gauges, 14 oil tanks, 16 filter air separator, 18 centrifugal pumps, 20 non-return valve, 21 fluid flow transmitters, 26 tank wagons
accompanying drawing 2 is temperature test point in tank wagon of the present invention and oil gas air hatch layout schematic diagram;
T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4 are temperature test point; C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 are oil gas air hatch; T-1 and C-1, T-2 and C-2, T-3 and C-3, T-4 and C-4 are respectively at same plane.
accompanying drawing 3 is temperature test point in oil tank of the present invention and oil gas air hatch layout schematic diagram;
T-5, T-6, T-7, T-8, T-9 are temperature test point; C-5, C-6, C-7, C-8, C-9 are oil gas air hatch; T-5 and C-5, T-6 and C-6, T-7 and C-7, T-8 and C-8, T-9 and C-9 are respectively at same plane;
the gas concentration that accompanying drawing 4 oil tank 14 charge of oil gives off
c
7
in time
τchange curve (
u=0.93 mm/s);
C 0=0 kg/m
3: —+—E4; —▲—E5; —x—E6；
C 0=0.3 kg/m
3: ┄+┄E4; ┄▲┄E5; ┄x┄E6；
volatilizing loss rate during accompanying drawing 5 oil tank 14 charge of oil
ηwith pasta ascending velocity
uchange curve;
C 0=0 kg/m
3: —+—E4; —▲—E5; —x—E6；
C 0=0.3 kg/m
3: ┄+┄E4; ┄▲┄E5; ┄x┄E6；
the gas liquid ratio of accompanying drawing 6 oil tank 14 charge of oil discharge
λwith pasta ascending velocity
uchange curve;
C 0=0 kg/m
3: —+—E4; —▲—E5; —x—E6；
C 0=0.3 kg/m
3: ┄+┄E4; ┄▲┄E5; ┄x┄E6。
Embodiment
For volatilization loss amount during filling gasoline and Changing Pattern test thereof, as accompanying drawing 1; This test macro both can be used for testing the charge of oil volatilization loss amount of oil tank 14 and Changing Pattern thereof, also can be used for the charge of oil volatilization loss amount of test oil tank car 26 and Changing Pattern thereof.
When testing tank wagon 26 charge of oil volatilization loss amount and Changing Pattern thereof, each equipment connection is described below: the fuel dispensing outlet pipeline of (1) oil tank 14 is connected with operation valve 15, the import of filtering air separator 16 and centrifugal pump 18 successively; (2) outlet of centrifugal pump 18 is connected with 29 with the operation valve 27,28 of 3 feed line of non-return valve 20, operation valve 23 and tank wagon 26 successively; (3) discharge pipe of the oil gas-air Mixture of tank wagon 26 is through operation valve 30, is then discharged into air by spark arrester 35 from floss hole; (4) tank wagon 26 is also provided with blow-off pipe and liquid level gauge 36, and the gasoline discharge of blow-off pipe is controlled by operation valve 25.
When testing oil tank 14 charge of oil volatilization loss amount and Changing Pattern thereof, each equipment connection is described below: the fuel dispensing outlet pipeline of (1) tank wagon 26 is connected with operation valve 24, the import of filtering air separator 16 and centrifugal pump 18 successively; (2) outlet of centrifugal pump 18 is connected with 13 with the operation valve 11,12 of 3 feed line of non-return valve 20, operation valve 22 and oil tank 14 successively; (3) discharge pipe of the oil gas-air Mixture of oil tank 14 is through operation valve 8, and then tail gas is discharged into air by spark arrester 3 from floss hole; (4) oil tank 14 is also provided with blow-off pipe and liquid level gauge 9, and the gasoline discharge of blow-off pipe is controlled by operation valve 10.
The outlet E1(bottom charge of oil mouth of 3 feed line of tank wagon 26) or E2(in the middle part of charge of oil mouth) or E3(top charge of oil mouth) be designed to 3 different oil loading heights respectively, and the charge of oil flow of 3 of tank wagon 26 feed line is regulated by operation valve 27,28 and 29 respectively, thus different charge of oil open height, different charge of oil flow can be investigated on the impact of charge of oil volatilization loss amount.Equally, the outlet E4(bottom charge of oil mouth of 3 feed line of oil tank 14) or E5(in the middle part of charge of oil mouth) or E6(top charge of oil mouth) be designed to 3 different oil loading heights respectively, and the charge of oil flow of 3 of oil tank 14 feed line is regulated by operation valve 11,12 and 13 respectively, thus different charge of oil open height, different charge of oil flow can be investigated on the impact of charge of oil volatilization loss amount.
In fig. 1, the collection of temperature, pressure, flow, concentration, liquid level is also provided with.4 temperature test points and 4 self-priming oil gas air hatch are arranged respectively, temperature test point (sensor) T-1 ~ T-4 as shown in Figure 2 and oil gas air hatch C-1 ~ C-4 at the differing heights of tank wagon 26.5 temperature test points and 5 self-priming oil gas air hatch are arranged respectively, temperature test point (sensor) T-5 ~ T-9 as shown in Figure 3 and oil gas air hatch C-5 ~ C-9 at the differing heights of oil tank 14.In accompanying drawing 1,2,3, temperature sensor T-1 ~ T-9 and 6,32, pressure unit 5,17,19,33, the data centralization that collects of fluid flow transmitter 21, gas flow transmitter 4,34 carries out parameter conversion and computing to data processing stations 1; The analysis that gas analysis workstation 2 carries out oil-gas component and concentration delivered to by the oil gas sample that in tank wagon 26, in the oil gas air hatch 31 in oil gas air hatch C-1 ~ C-4 and tank wagon 26 vapor delivery line exit, oil tank 14, the oil gas air hatch 7 in oil gas air hatch C-5 ~ C-9 and oil tank 14 vapor delivery line exit gathers, then data also focused on data processing stations 1 and carry out computing.The liquid level of oil tank 14 is read by liquid level gauge 9 scene, and the liquid level of tank wagon 26 is read by liquid level gauge 36 scene.
Data processing stations 1 generally comprises industrial computer (plc data containing parameter acquisition compute card and necessity gathers operational software), printer etc.; Gas analysis workstation 2 generally comprises gas chromatograph, chromatographic data processing workstation, printer etc.During as needs, data processing stations 1 and gas analytical work station 2 can also configuration network transporting functions.
In the present invention, tank wagon 26 is key equipment; Its diameter (i.e. height) can be determined according to required treatment capacity, and generally its diameter can be designed to Φ 500mm ~ Φ 5000mm, and length can be designed to Φ 500mm ~ Φ 20000mm.According to the height of tank wagon 26, along the charge of oil mouth (E1, E2, E3 as in accompanying drawing 1) of longitudinal several differing heights of disposed at equal distance of tank wagon 26, and it is inner to be vertically distributed in tank wagon 26, the diameter of this charge of oil mouth or charge of oil pipe can be designed to Φ 25mm ~ Φ 200mm.According to the accuracy requirement of data acquisition and the size of tank wagon 26, the vertical range between every 2 charge of oil mouths can be designed to 200mm ~ 500mm, and the charge of oil mouth of the highest (or minimum) is generally 200mm ~ 300mm from the distance at tank wagon 26 top (or bottom); Wherein, to the accuracy requirement of data acquisition, high or small container, gets smaller value; Otherwise, desirable higher value; The outlet of 3 feed line that in accompanying drawing 1, tank wagon 26 is arranged is respectively E1(bottom charge of oil mouth) or E2(in the middle part of charge of oil mouth) or E3(top charge of oil mouth); Suppose accompanying drawing 1 tank wagon 26 height (i.e. diameter) be H, then the outlet of its feed line is arranged in H/4,2H/4,3H/4 place.
According to the height of tank wagon 26, along several highly sensitive temperature test points of the longitudinal disposed at equal distance of tank wagon 26 and several self-priming oil gas air hatch, and it is inner to be vertically distributed in tank wagon 26; According to the accuracy requirement of data acquisition and the size of tank wagon 26, vertical range between every 2 temperature test points (or self-priming oil gas air hatch) can be designed to 100mm ~ 300mm, and the horizontal range between conplane temperature test point and self-priming oil gas air hatch can be designed to 200mm ~ 350mm; As being arranged as 4 temperature test points and 4 self-priming oil gas air hatch in tank wagon 26 in accompanying drawing 2; Suppose accompanying drawing 2 tank wagon 26 height (i.e. diameter) be H, then temperature test point and self-priming oil gas air hatch are arranged in H/5,2H/5,3H/5,4H/5 place; The Changing Pattern observing temperature and concentration field distribution in tank wagon 26 is used at the temperature test point of every layer (same plane) and self-priming oil gas air hatch.
In the present invention, oil tank 14 is also one of key equipment.The layout of the charge of oil mouth quantity in oil tank 14 and position, temperature test point quantity and position, self-priming oil gas air hatch quantity and position reference oil tank car 26; The outlet of 3 feed line that in accompanying drawing 1, oil tank 14 is arranged is respectively E4(bottom charge of oil mouth) or E5(in the middle part of charge of oil mouth) or E6(top charge of oil mouth); 5 temperature test points and 5 self-priming oil gas air hatch are arranged as in oil tank 14 in accompanying drawing 3.
Further, for the test to volatilization loss amount during oil tank 14 filling gasoline and Changing Pattern thereof, testing example is illustrated.Diameter is the filling density of oil tank 14 of 600mm is 730kg/m
3gasoline; According to total innage (or total charge of oil time
τ), the reading time interval △ of each parameter is set
τor read the number of times of data
n.Its charge of oil process is: open operation valve 24,22,11(or 12 or 13), 8,30, other operation valve is all closed, and then open centrifugal pump 18, the gasoline now in tank wagon 26 is transported in oil tank 14.
Concentration field measures: the
i(
i=1 ~ n) test duration section, to survey in oil gas by gas analysis workstation 2
j(
j=1 ~ m) mole fraction of component
y i,j, as shown in table 1; Accompanying drawing 4 is that gasoline is filled to initial gas concentration C in " cleaning " oil tank 14(tank from different charge of oil mouth (E4, E5, E6) respectively
0=0 kg/m
3) or the interior initial gas concentration C of " cleaning " oil tank 14(tank
0=0.3 kg/m
3) time, the gas concentration that oil tank 14 vapor delivery line exit oil gas air hatch 7 gathers is with charge of oil time changing curve figure; In accompanying drawing 4, charge of oil flow has been scaled pasta ascending velocity
u(
u=charge of oil flow/oil tank sectional area).
Table 1 is the mole fraction of each component in oil gas in interval sometime
thermo parameters method: according to the reading of the temperature sensor T-5 ~ T-9 in oil tank 14 and vapor delivery line outlet temperature sensor 6, obtains oil gas temperature field in different test duration section oil tank 14
t ithe regularity of distribution and the temperature of oil tank 14 vapor delivery line exit oil gas-air Mixture; Generally, for charge of oil environment temperature and charge of oil fluctuations in discharge little when, whole test process is essentially isothermal process.
Volatilization loss amount (loss percentage) calculates: according to the reading of oil tank 14 vapor delivery line exit gas flow transmitter 4, pressure unit 5, temperature sensor 6 and oil gas air hatch 7, can obtain the
i(
i=1 ~ n) volume of combination gas that gives off of test duration section oil tank 14 floss hole
v i, pressure
p i, temperature
t i, and the mole fraction of each component in oil gas
y i,j, the molal weight of each component in oil gas is then obtained by looking into various chemical engineering data handbook
μ i,j, thus utilize formula (1), (2) just can calculate gasoline volatilization loss amount (rate) now; Accompanying drawing 5 is filled to " cleaning " oil tank 14(C from different charge of oil mouth (E4, E5, E6) respectively for gasoline
0=0 kg/m
3) or " cleaning " oil tank 14(C
0=0.3 kg/m
3) time, oil tank 14 charge of oil volatilizing loss rate is with the change curve of charge of oil flow; In accompanying drawing 5, charge of oil flow is also scaled pasta ascending velocity
u; Simultaneously, total cumulative volume (being obtained by gas flow transmitter 4) of the combination gas given off according to oil tank 14 charge of oil process discharge mouth and oil tank 14 general assembly oil volume (being obtained by fluid flow transmitter 21), utilize formula (3), the gas liquid ratio that oil tank 14 discharges can be calculated, as shown in Figure 6.
The mensuration of the charge of oil process volatilization loss amount of tank wagon 26 is similar to the above.
Further, utilize above-mentioned test result, the relation of charge of oil process volatilization loss amount (rate) and each parameter can be analyzed further, thus to be used for instructing in production practices how energy-saving and emission-reduction or to optimize charge of oil operation scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a test macro for liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss, is characterized in that: described system forms by loading and unloading liquid container, equipment for liquid transportation, process pipeline and accessory thereof, data processing stations, gas analysis workstation and data acquisition system (DAS); Described process pipeline and accessory thereof comprise pipeline, filter air separator, operation valve and non-return valve; Data acquisition system (DAS) comprises the one in temperature sensor, gas flow transmitter, fluid flow transmitter, self-priming gas air hatch and tensimeter, vacuum meter and pressure unit three; Liquid loads and unloads the differing heights of liquid container successively respectively from a kind of discharge opeing discharge pipe loading and unloading liquid container with another kind dress liquid mouth by filtering air separator, vacuum meter or pressure unit, equipment for liquid transportation, tensimeter or pressure unit, non-return valve, fluid flow transmitter and operation valve is connected; The discharge pipe of the liquid vapors-air Mixture of another kind of handling liquid container, through operation valve, self-priming gas air hatch, temperature sensor, tensimeter or pressure unit, gas flow transmitter, is then discharged in air by spark arrester, floss hole; In another kind handling liquid container, differing heights arranges temperature test point and self-priming gas air hatch, and the discharge pipe of another kind handling liquid container liquid vapors-air Mixture arranges temperature test point and self-priming gas air hatch; The data centralization that temperature sensor, tensimeter, vacuum meter or pressure unit, fluid flow transmitter, gas flow transmitter and temperature test point collect carries out parameter conversion and computing to data processing stations; In another kind of handling liquid container and the liquid vapors-air gas mixture sample of the self-priming gas air hatch collection of the discharge pipe of liquid vapors-air Mixture deliver to after gas analysis workstation carries out the analysis of liquid vapors component and concentration, then data are also focused on data processing stations and carry out computing.
2. the test macro of a kind of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: data processing stations comprises industrial computer and printer; Gas analysis workstation comprises gas chromatograph or other suitable gas composition analysis instrument, chromatographic data processing workstation and printer.
3. the test macro of a kind of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described handling liquid container is the base for transport and storage containers for liquids of conventional structure, comprise and fix top vertical tank, outer floating roof tank, internal floating roof vertical tank, horizontal tank, cargo tank or oil tank of vehicle.
4. the test macro of a kind of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described equipment for liquid transportation be centrifugal pump or other be used for carrying the power-equipment of liquid.
5. the test macro of a kind of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the self-priming gas air hatch of handling liquid container opens several mouths at container top, then the polyethylene pipe of φ 1mm ~ φ 2mm or stainless-steel tube are reached on the position of internal tank setting by this mouthful, thus extract assigned address gaseous sample by tiny structure self-priming, and this gaseous sample is delivered to gas analysis workstation and carry out forming and the analysis of concentration.
6. the test macro of a kind of liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: volume components mark detectability ≯ 10 of described gas chromatograph or other suitable gas composition analysis instrument
-6, measuring error ≯ 0.1 DEG C of temperature sensor, measuring error ≯ 0.05% of gas flow transmitter, measuring error ≯ 0.05% of fluid flow transmitter, tensimeter, vacuum meter or pressure unit measuring error ≯ 100Pa.
7. the method using test macro as claimed in claim 1 to test liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) at the dress liquid mouth of the longitudinal disposed at equal distance of handling liquid container 3 ~ 6 differing heights;
(2) at handling liquid container longitudinally difference several highly sensitive temperature test points of disposed at equal distance and several self-priming gas air hatch, and also arrange 1 highly sensitive temperature test point and 1 self-priming gas air hatch respectively in the discharge pipe exit of liquid vapors-air Mixture, survey the temperature and concentration distribution situation of loading, unloading process liquids steam respectively and be used for observing the Changing Pattern of temperature and concentration field distribution in container;
(3) volume is utilized---concentration method test philosophy, namely the volume of liquid vapors that handling liquid container floss hole gives off and air Mixture is measured with gas flow transmitter, measure the vapor concentration of this combination gas again with gas chromatograph or other suitable gas composition analysis instrument, calculate the volatilization loss amount of this liquid; According to the time length of container volatilization loss, be divided into
nindividual test duration section, then by the loss amount of each time period of actual measurement, then gathers and calculates the total volatilization loss amount Δ of handling liquid container
mand loss percentage
η, Δ
mwith
ηspecifically be calculated as follows:
(1)；
(2)；
In formula: Δ
m---the volatilization loss amount that container is total in handling liquid process, kg;
η---container dress liquid volatilization loss rate, %;
z---compressibility factor;
r---universal gas constant,
r=8.314 kJ/ (kmolK);
p i---the
ithe pressure in the liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off and the general pressure of air Mixture and the discharge pipe exit of liquid vapors-air Mixture, kPa;
v i---the
ithe volume in the liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off and the volume of air Mixture and the discharge pipe exit of liquid vapors-air Mixture, m
3;
t i---the
ithe temperature in the liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off and the temperature of air Mixture and the discharge pipe exit of liquid vapors-air Mixture, K;
y i,j---the
iin the liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off the
jthe mole fraction of component, %;
μ i,j---the
iin the liquid vapors that test duration section handling liquid container floss hole gives off the
jthe molal weight of component, kg/kmol;
m l---the liquid amount that container is total, kg;
v l---container general assembly liquid amasss, m3;
ρ l---fluid density, kg/m3;
m---number of components total in liquid vapors;
n---the T.T. section of test process segmentation;
Gas liquid ratio
λrefer to total cumulative volume of the liquid vapors that container sacking floss hole gives off and air Mixture and the long-pending ratio of general assembly liquid;
(3)
In formula:
λ---the gas liquid ratio of container sacking discharge combination gas;
v g---total cumulative volume of the liquid vapors that container sacking floss hole gives off and air Mixture, m3.
8. the method for as claimed in claim 7 liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss being tested, it is characterized in that: the vertical range between every 2 adjacent dress liquid mouths is designed to 200mm ~ 500mm, and the highest dress liquid mouth is 200mm ~ 300mm from the distance of container top, minimum dress liquid mouth is 200mm ~ 300mm from the distance of container bottom.
9. the method for as claimed in claim 7 liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss being tested, it is characterized in that: described refers at handling liquid container longitudinal several highly sensitive temperature test points of disposed at equal distance and several self-priming gas air hatch respectively: according to the height of container, longitudinally 3 ~ 8 temperature test points and 3 ~ 8 self-priming gas air hatch are arranged along in container, according to the accuracy requirement of data acquisition and the size of container, vertical range between every 2 adjacent temperature test points or every 2 adjacent self-priming gas air hatch is designed to 100mm ~ 300mm, and the horizontal range between conplane temperature test point and self-priming gas air hatch is designed to 200mm ~ 350mm.
10. the method for as claimed in claim 9 liquid loading and unloading process volatilization loss being tested, it is characterized in that: in handling liquid container, arrange 4 temperature test points and 4 self-priming gas air hatch, container height is H, then temperature test point and self-priming gas air hatch are arranged in H/5,2H/5,3H/5,4H/5 plane place.
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| CN106895263B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of Product oil measuring adjusting method |
| CN109946196A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-06-28 | 常州大学 | The breathing loss test device and test method of a kind of liquid in a natural environment |
| CN113588256B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-08-11 | 大连交通大学 | Experimental device for simulating aviation kerosene storage tank breather valve to freeze |
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