CN102790290B - Array antenna - Google Patents
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- CN102790290B CN102790290B CN201110125332.9A CN201110125332A CN102790290B CN 102790290 B CN102790290 B CN 102790290B CN 201110125332 A CN201110125332 A CN 201110125332A CN 102790290 B CN102790290 B CN 102790290B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an array antenna, comprising at least two antenna units and a metamaterial panel which has a translation function. The metamaterial panel makes an irradiation loop of electromagnetic waves emitted by the array antenna extended. The metamaterial panel is disposed on a propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the array antenna. Through disposing the metamaterial panel which has the translation function on propagation direction of the array antenna's electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves emitted by antenna units in the array antenna are translated outward, being equivalent to increase distances among the antenna units, thereby expanding the irradiation loop of the array antenna. The array antenna can satisfy application requirements without adding actual distances among the antenna units, that is, an antenna size does not need to increase. The antenna has good applicability and can be flexibly adjusted. In addition, for the same application requirements, using the technical scheme can greatly reduce dimensions and volume of the antenna, miniaturization of the antenna can be realized, and design cost, installation cost, and maintenance cost of the antenna are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of antenna, more particularly, relate to the array antenna that can adjust the distance between antenna element.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of WiMAX mobile communication in recent years, for fear of the too fast idleness of equipment causing of system upgrade, also in order better to apply new technology, the 2G/3G of Wireless Telecom Equipment or the combination of the bimodulus of 3G/4G have been there is, as GSM/TD-SCDMA, TD-SCDMA/LTE simultaneously.Switching between different mode need to be used different antennas, thereby the installation of mobile device, design equal time are obviously delayed, and cost also obviously increases.
Taking array antenna as example, array antenna is regularly arranged and obtain the particular antenna of predetermined radiation characteristic by suitable excitation according to certain by two or more antenna elements.Array antenna is than the good directionality of individual unit antenna, so in order to obtain better directivity, conventionally construct array antenna and realize.
Array antenna can be divided into linear array and face battle array by unit arrangement mode difference.The most frequently used linear array is that line array point-blank is equidistantly arranged at the center of each unit successively.Multiple line arraies are arranged and are just formed planar array at regular intervals in a certain plane.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of planar array antenna, and whole planar array is arranged and formed by a series of antenna elements.Array antenna is once completing, and its size is also fixing, cannot change.During for the demand of the wider radiation scope of needs, the distance between antenna element also just needs to increase, and the distance between antenna will be leaned on mechanical means adjustment at present.And distance requirement between antenna element is larger, antenna size and volume are larger.If when the size of array antenna cannot satisfy the demands, can only realize by again making new array antenna, will cause like this design, the installation of antenna, the increase of maintenance cost, applicability is very poor.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the defect that above-mentioned cost is high, size is large, poor for applicability of prior art, provides a kind of array antenna.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct a kind of array antenna, comprise at least two antenna elements, also comprise the super material panel with translation functions, described super material panel expands the electromagnetic radiation scope of described array antenna transmitting; Described super material panel is relatively arranged in the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction of described array antenna.
Implement technical scheme of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect: by the super material panel with translation functions is set in the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction at array antenna, make the electromagnetic wave outside translation of the antenna element transmitting in array antenna, be equivalent to the distance having increased between antenna element, thereby expanded the radiation scope of array antenna.Not only met application demand but also without the actual range increasing between antenna element,, without increasing antenna size, applicability is strong, regulates more flexible.And, under identical application demand, adopting technical scheme of the present invention, size and the volume of required antenna greatly reduce, and have realized the miniaturization of antenna, have reduced design, installation, the maintenance cost of antenna.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of planar array antenna;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation according to the array antenna of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the super material panel 102 shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the front view of the artificial micro-structural shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation schematic diagram that uses the array antenna of the super material panel 102 shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation according to the array antenna of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the super material panel 602 shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the front view of the artificial micro-structural shown in Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation schematic diagram that uses the array antenna of the super material panel 602 shown in Fig. 7;
Figure 10 is the structural representation according to the array antenna of third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the super material panel 602 shown in Figure 10;
Figure 12 is the front view of the artificial micro-structural shown in Figure 11;
Figure 13 is the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation schematic diagram that uses the array antenna of the super material panel 1002 shown in Figure 11;
Figure 14 is the structural representation according to the array antenna of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 15 is the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation schematic diagram that uses the array antenna that comprises focal element shown in Figure 14;
Figure 16 is that electromagnetic wave pools the schematic diagram of injecting super material panel after plane wave.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to the array antenna 100 of first embodiment of the invention.Array antenna 100 comprises multiple (at least two) antenna element 101, also comprises the super material panel 102 with translation functions, and super material panel 102 expands the electromagnetic radiation scope of described array antenna transmitting; Super material panel 102 is relatively arranged on the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction d upper (as shown in the arrow in Fig. 2) of array antenna.The structure of the antenna element in the array antenna 100 in Fig. 2 is only signal, and its concrete structure can arrange according to needs, and this present invention is not limited.
Super material panel 102 shown in Fig. 2 comprises at least one super sheet of material, and each lamella comprises the base material of sheet and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural on described base material.As shown in Figure 3, here taking multiple super sheet of material as example, the number of actual super sheet of material can arrange according to demand the concrete structure of super material panel 102).Super material panel 102 is made up of the identical super sheet of material of one or more thickness, equidistantly arranges ground assembling between these super sheet of material, or between two between lamella direct forward and backward surface link into an integrated entity bondingly.Each super sheet of material comprises that front and rear surfaces is parallel from forming the base material 1 of uniform thickness sheet, also comprise the artificial micro-structural 2 that is attached on base material 1 front surface or is embedded in multiple array arrangements of every plate substrate 1 inside.
These artificial micro-structurals 2 are evenly distributed on base material 1 surface.Being uniformly distributed here refers to, arbitrary artificial micro-structural 2 and its be the spacing distance between several artificial micro-structurals 2 around, and other artificial micro-structurals 2 and its around the spacing distance between several artificial micro-structurals 2 be all identical, in other words, namely occupied base material 1 volume of each artificial micro-structural 2 is identical.
Each artificial micro-structural 2 is made up of thin and thin wire, these wires are on base material 1 front surface or the certain geometry of the inner composition of base material 1, form a super material cell 4 together with the accompanying base material occupying 1 part, this super material cell 4 has and is different from the effective dielectric constant and the equivalent permeability that adhere to base material 1, therefore can produce different responses to electromagnetic field.Super sheet of material is to be got up by multiple so identical super material cell 4 seamless combination, by the common response of all super material cell 4, whole super material panel is realized electromagnetic translation.
Make electromagnetic wave translation, must possess two conditions, the super material panel entirety of the first is homogeneous and anisotropy to electromagnetic wave.The super sheet of material of being arranged by rule due to whole super material panel forms, the distribution of lamella is even and parallel, and the distribution of artificial micro-structural 2 on each lamella is also uniform, therefore, as long as the structure of each artificial micro-structural 2 self is anisotropy, super material panel entirety will present anisotropic feature to electromagnetic wave; If artificial micro-structural 2 is isotropic structure, super material panel entirety embodies isotropic feature to electromagnetic wave.Realizing super material panel is homogeneous to electromagnetic wave, requiring each artificial micro-structural 2 is identical to electromagnetic response, also being that each artificial micro-structural 2 is identical to electromagnetic index ellipsoid 5, is also that each index ellipsoid 5 shapes are identical, equal and opposite in direction.
For the artificial micro-structural 2 of planar structure, the isotropism here, referring to that, for the arbitrary electromagnetic wave with unspecified angle incident on this two dimensional surface, electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of above-mentioned artificial micro-structural 2 in this plane is all identical, is also that dielectric constant is identical with magnetic permeability; For the artificial micro-structural 2 of three-dimensional structure, isotropism refers to the electromagnetic wave for incident in three-dimensional either direction, and electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of each above-mentioned artificial micro-structural 2 on three dimensions is all identical.In the time that artificial micro-structural 2 is 90 degree rotational symmetry structure, artificial micro-structural 2 has isotropic feature.
For two-dimension plane structure, 90 degree Rotational Symmetries refer to that it overlaps with original structure in this plane after any 90-degree rotation of a rotating shaft perpendicular to this plane; For three-dimensional structure, if there are vertical and 3 rotating shafts of intersection point altogether between two, this structure is all overlapped with original structure after arbitrary rotating shaft 90-degree rotation or with original structure with a symmetrical face symmetry, this structure is 90 degree rotational symmetry structures.Therefore, realize anisotropy, artificial micro-structural 2 of the present invention can not be 90 degree rotational symmetry structures.
Another necessary condition of electromagnetic wave translation is that the optical main axis of whole super material panel is inevitable not parallel and be not orthogonal to the direction of propagation of incident electromagnetic wave.In the present embodiment, electromagnetic wave is parallel to base material 1 front surface and incides a lateral edges of super sheet of material, and multiple super sheet of material, along stacking bonding perpendicular to the direction of its front surface, make multiple lateral edges merge the incidence surface that forms incident electromagnetic waves.
Equally, because the even rule of super sheet of material is arranged, each artificial micro-structural 2 is also evenly distributed, therefore, make the optical main axis out of plumb of whole super material panel and be not parallel to the incident electromagnetic wave direction of propagation, in the present embodiment, must make the extraordinary ray optical axis n of the index ellipsoid 5 of each super material cell 4
ebe parallel to each other, and each extraordinary ray optical axis n
eall out of plumb and be not parallel to described incidence surface, with the extraordinary ray optical axis n of index ellipsoid 5
eparallel direction is the optical main axis direction of this super material panel.
Extraordinary ray optical axis n
efor the long axis direction of index ellipsoid 5, ordinary light optical axis n
ofor its short-axis direction.What select due to the base material of super material cell 4 is common natural material, be generally isotropic homogeneous material, therefore, its refractive index characteristics is ball, refractive index characteristics on super material cell 4 does not affect, so as long as the extraordinary ray optical axis out of plumb of the index ellipsoid 5 of artificial micro-structural 2 and be not parallel to described incidence surface.When base material is not common isotropism and the material of homogeneous, index ellipsoid herein all refers to the two corresponding index ellipsoid that superposes of refractive index characteristic of artificial micro-structural 2 and accompanying base material part, also the i.e. index ellipsoid 5 of super material cell 4.
Index ellipsoid is used for representing refractive index characteristic, for arbitrary given super material cell 4, can calculate by analog simulation software and the computational methods of prior art, for example list of references Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials, D.R.Smith, D.C.Vier, T.Koschny, C.M.Soukoulis, Physical Review E 71,036617 (2005).
In sum, realize translation, must make each artificial micro-structural 2 there is identical index ellipsoid 5, and the extraordinary ray optical axis n of each index ellipsoid 5
ethe out of plumb that is parallel to each other simultaneously all and be not parallel to electromagnetic wave incident direction.The each artificial micro-structural 2 here can be identical, also can be different, all can realize by designing.For the ease of manufacturing, in the preferred embodiments of the present invention, each artificial micro-structural 2 is identical, and mutually evenly and abreast arranges, and adjusts super material panel and make the extraordinary ray optical axis n of each index ellipsoid 5
eout of plumb and be not parallel to incident direction, can meet above-mentioned condition, realizes translation.Being parallel to each other here refers to, the line of any two points in each artificial micro-structural 2, parallel with the line of corresponding 2 in another artificial micro-structural 2, in other words, each artificial micro-structural 2 can by level and vertically mobile final and any another artificial micro-structural 2 overlap.
For the super material cell 4 in embodiment illustrated in fig. 3, the ordinary light optical axis n of its index ellipsoid 5
o, extraordinary ray optical axis n
eas shown in Figure 4.Suppose the origin of coordinates in index ellipsoid 5 in the heart, and with n
oaxle is x axle, n
eaxle is y axle, any point n in index ellipsoid 5
x, n
yrepresent,, in the time of the super material cell 4 of electromagnetic wave process, it uses k
x, k
ythe ripple corresponding to this index ellipsoid 5 representing is propagated ellipsoid 50 following relation, i.e. k
yn
xω/c, k
xn
yω/c, wherein, ω is electromagnetic angular frequency, and c is the light velocity, and ripple is propagated ellipsoid 50 and index ellipsoid 5 common midpoint, k
x, k
ythat ripple is propagated the point coordinates on ellipsoid 50.From formula, it is similar fitgures with index ellipsoid 5 that ripple is propagated ellipsoid 50, and its long axis direction is the short-axis direction of index ellipsoid 5, and short-axis direction is the long axis direction of index ellipsoid 5.
The deviation direction of electromagnetic wave after super material cell 4 can be propagated ellipsoid 50 by ripple and draw.As shown in Figure 4, for the electromagnetic wave of direction incident as shown in FIG., propagate on the face of ellipsoid 50 a bit crossing with the ripple of wanting outgoing, do this joining and propagate the tangent line of ellipsoid 50 about ripple, the normal direction of the tangent line that tac-point does is electromagnetic direction of propagation of energy, and therefore electromagnetic wave is propagated along this direction in super material panel inside.In the time that electromagnetic wave leaves super material panel, described normal extend to a surface that surpasses material panel be also exit facet crossing after, intersection point on exit facet continues along the direction outgoing parallel with incident direction, this exit direction is the electromagnetic wave phase place direction of propagation.
The artificial micro-structural 2 that realizes above-mentioned two necessary requirements have a variety of can implementation, for the artificial micro-structural 2 of planar structure, its geometry can be that axial symmetry also can non-axial symmetry; For three-dimensional structure, it can be the rotational symmetric Arbitrary 3 D figure of non-90 degree.
The artificial micro-structural 2 of plane is all attached on the surface of flat substrates 1.As shown in Figure 3, its artificial micro-structural 2 is " work " font, comprises that two are parallel to each other and the first wire 60, two ends equal in length connect respectively two first wires 60 and vertically divide the second wire 61 of the first wire 60 equally.All artificial micro-structurals 2 are arranged according to quadrate array, and the second wire 61 is 45 degree with respect to the inclination angle of horizontal or vertical array direction.The index ellipsoid 5 of each artificial micro-structural 2 as shown in Figure 4, its extraordinary ray optical axis n
eparallel with the direction of the second wire 61, the optical main axis of whole super material panel is and extraordinary ray optical axis n
eparallel direction.
Fig. 5 is the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation schematic diagram that uses the array antenna of the super material panel 102 shown in Fig. 3.Here for the purpose of being described clearly, only show the several super material cell being close in the super material cell of row in a super sheet of material of super material panel 102, and two antenna element S1, S2 in multiple antenna element.The size of the super material panel in Fig. 3 is less than the size of array antenna, after super material panel, can there is translation in the electromagnetic wave that wherein covers a part of antenna element (only showing S2 in the figure) transmitting in super material panel sphere of action, be the downward translation shown in Fig. 5, and the electromagnetic wave that does not cover the transmitting of another part antenna element (only showing S1 in figure) in super material panel sphere of action penetrate with former direction.As shown in Figure 5, the electromagnetic wave direction that the electromagnetic wave of antenna element S2 transmitting penetrates after translation looks like ejaculation from S2 ', also be, although the actual range L1 between antenna element S1 and S2 does not change, but surpassing material panel by use expands the radiation scope of S1 and S2, be equivalent to the distance having increased between antenna element, make it expand to L2.Certainly in Fig. 5, only show the several super material cell being close in the super material cell of the row of one in a super sheet of material, along with the increase of columns, the distance of translation also can increase, and correspondingly the distance between the antenna element of the equivalent increase of institute also can increase.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation according to the array antenna of second embodiment of the invention.Array antenna 600 comprises multiple (at least two) antenna element 601, also comprise the super material panel 602 with translation functions, super material panel 602 is relatively arranged on the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction d upper (as shown in the arrow in Fig. 6) of array antenna.The structure of the antenna element in the array antenna 600 in Fig. 6 is only signal, and its concrete structure can arrange according to needs, and this present invention is not limited.
Super material panel 602 shown in Fig. 6 comprises at least one super sheet of material, and each lamella comprises the base material of sheet and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural on described base material.As shown in Figure 7, here taking multiple super sheet of material as example, the number of actual super sheet of material can arrange according to demand the concrete structure of super material panel 602).Super material panel 602 is made up of the identical super sheet of material of one or more thickness, equidistantly arranges ground assembling between these super sheet of material, or between two between lamella direct forward and backward surface link into an integrated entity bondingly.Each super sheet of material comprises that front and rear surfaces is parallel from forming the base material 1 of uniform thickness sheet, also comprise the artificial micro-structural 2 that is attached on base material 1 front surface or is embedded in multiple array arrangements of every plate substrate 1 inside.
For the super material cell 4 in embodiment illustrated in fig. 6, the ordinary light optical axis n of its index ellipsoid 5
o, extraordinary ray optical axis n
eas shown in Figure 8.Suppose the origin of coordinates in index ellipsoid 5 in the heart, and with n
oaxle is x axle, n
eaxle is y axle, any point n in index ellipsoid 5
x, n
yrepresent,, in the time of the super material cell 4 of electromagnetic wave process, it uses k
x, k
ythe ripple corresponding to this index ellipsoid 5 representing is propagated ellipsoid 50 following relation, i.e. k
yn
xω/c, k
xn
yω/c, wherein, ω is electromagnetic angular frequency, and c is the light velocity, and ripple is propagated ellipsoid 50 and index ellipsoid 5 common midpoint, k
x, k
ythat ripple is propagated the point coordinates on ellipsoid 50.From formula, it is similar fitgures with index ellipsoid 5 that ripple is propagated ellipsoid 50, and its long axis direction is the short-axis direction of index ellipsoid 5, and short-axis direction is the long axis direction of index ellipsoid 5.
The deviation direction of electromagnetic wave after super material cell 4 can be propagated ellipsoid 50 by ripple and draw.As shown in Figure 8, for the electromagnetic wave of direction incident as shown in FIG., propagate on the face of ellipsoid 50 a bit crossing with the ripple of wanting outgoing, do this joining and propagate the tangent line of ellipsoid 50 about ripple, the normal direction of the tangent line that tac-point does is electromagnetic direction of propagation of energy, and therefore electromagnetic wave is propagated along this direction in super material panel inside.In the time that electromagnetic wave leaves super material panel, described normal extend to a surface that surpasses material panel be also exit facet crossing after, intersection point on exit facet continues along the direction outgoing parallel with incident direction, this exit direction is the electromagnetic wave phase place direction of propagation.
The artificial micro-structural 2 that realizes above-mentioned two necessary requirements have a variety of can implementation, for the artificial micro-structural 2 of planar structure, its geometry can be that axial symmetry also can non-axial symmetry; For three-dimensional structure, it can be the rotational symmetric Arbitrary 3 D figure of non-90 degree.
The artificial micro-structural 2 of plane is all attached on the surface of flat substrates 1.As shown in Figure 7, its artificial micro-structural 2 is " work " font, comprises that two are parallel to each other and the first wire 60, two ends equal in length connect respectively two first wires 60 and vertically divide the second wire 61 of the first wire 60 equally.All artificial micro-structurals 2 are arranged according to quadrate array, and the second wire 61 is 45 degree with respect to the inclination angle of horizontal or vertical array direction.The index ellipsoid 5 of each artificial micro-structural 2 as shown in Figure 8, its extraordinary ray optical axis n
eparallel with the direction of the second wire 61, the optical main axis of whole super material panel is and extraordinary ray optical axis n
eparallel direction.
Fig. 9 is the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation schematic diagram that uses the array antenna of the super material panel 602 shown in Fig. 7.Here for the purpose of being described clearly, only show the several super material cell being close in the super material cell of row in a super sheet of material of super material panel 102, and two antenna element S1, S2 in multiple antenna element.The size of the super material panel in Fig. 6 is less than the size of array antenna, after super material panel, can there is translation in the electromagnetic wave that wherein covers a part of antenna element (only showing S2 in the figure) transmitting in super material panel sphere of action, be the upwards translation shown in Fig. 9, and the electromagnetic wave that does not cover the transmitting of another part antenna element (only showing S1 in figure) in super material panel sphere of action penetrate with former direction.As shown in Figure 9, the electromagnetic wave direction that the electromagnetic wave of antenna element S2 transmitting penetrates after translation looks like ejaculation from S2 ', also be, although the actual range L1 between antenna element S1 and S2 does not change, but surpassing material panel by use expands the radiation scope of S1 and S2, be equivalent to the distance having increased between antenna element, make it expand to L2.Certainly in Fig. 9, only show the several super material cell being close in the super material cell of the row of one in a super sheet of material, along with the increase of columns, the distance of translation also can increase, and correspondingly the distance between the antenna element of the equivalent increase of institute also can increase.
Figure 10 is the structural representation according to the array antenna of second embodiment of the invention.Array antenna 1000 comprises multiple (at least two) antenna element 1001, also comprise the super material panel 1002 with translation functions, super material panel 1002 is relatively arranged on the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction d upper (as shown in the arrow in Figure 10) of array antenna.The structure of the antenna element in the array antenna 1000 in Figure 10 is only signal, and its concrete structure can arrange according to needs, and this present invention is not limited.
Super material panel 1002 shown in Figure 10 comprises at least one super sheet of material, and each lamella comprises the base material of sheet and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural on described base material.As shown in figure 11, here taking multiple super sheet of material as example, the number of actual super sheet of material can arrange according to demand the concrete structure of super material panel 1002).Super material panel 1002 is made up of the identical super sheet of material of one or more thickness, equidistantly arranges ground assembling between these super sheet of material, or between two between lamella direct forward and backward surface link into an integrated entity bondingly.Each super sheet of material comprises that front and rear surfaces is parallel from forming the base material 1 of uniform thickness sheet, also comprise the artificial micro-structural 2 that is attached on base material 1 front surface or is embedded in multiple array arrangements of every plate substrate 1 inside.Different from two embodiment that describe above, the artificial micro-structural of each lamella arranges difference, and in this embodiment, each lamella comprises the artificial micro-structural of two kinds of styles.As shown in figure 11, two kinds of artificial micro-structural shapes are identical, just divide up and down with an interface, and the position difference of arranging, is respectively the first artificial micro-structural 21, the second artificial micro-structural 22.
About two kinds of artificial micro-structurals, as shown in Figure 12.The two interface critical line place and that be them perpendicular to the plane on base material 1 surface of the first artificial micro-structural 21 and the second artificial micro-structural 22.This interface can be the interface of the super material cell 4 of two row, can be also the plane at the super material cell of a line 4 central point line places wherein.Multiple the first artificial micro-structurals 21 have identical index ellipsoid, and the extraordinary ray optical axis of index ellipsoid is parallel to each other simultaneously; Multiple the second artificial micro-structurals 22 have identical index ellipsoid, and the extraordinary ray optical axis of index ellipsoid is parallel to each other simultaneously.The first artificial micro-structural and the second artificial micro-structural are non-90 degree rotational symmetry structures, non-vanishing or 180 degree of the angle of the extraordinary ray optical axis of the index ellipsoid of the two, and be positioned at the same side of described interface normal; The opening direction of described angle is consistent with the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction of described array antenna.Multiple the first artificial micro-structurals 21 have identical geometry and evenly arrange in parallel to each other, and the identical and extraordinary ray optical axis of its index ellipsoid is parallel to each other; Multiple the second artificial micro-structurals 22 have identical geometry and evenly arrange in parallel to each other, and the identical and extraordinary ray optical axis of its index ellipsoid is parallel to each other.
For a branch of incident electromagnetic wave, known index ellipsoid 5, can know electromagnetic wave by inference and propagate ellipsoid 50 corresponding to the ripple of this index ellipsoid 5.As shown in figure 12, suppose the origin of coordinates in index ellipsoid 5 in the heart, and with n
oaxle is X-axis, n
eaxle is Y-axis, any point n on ellipsoid
x, n
yrepresent,, in the time that electromagnetic wave as shown in Figure 6 passes through super material cell 4, it uses k
x, k
ythe ripple corresponding to this index ellipsoid 5 representing is propagated ellipsoid 50 following relation, i.e. k
yn
xω/c, k
xn
yω/c, wherein, ω is electromagnetic angular frequency, and c is the light velocity, and ripple is propagated ellipsoid 50 and index ellipsoid 5 common midpoint, k
x, k
ythat ripple is propagated the point coordinates on ellipsoid 50.From formula, it is similar fitgures with index ellipsoid 5 that ripple is propagated ellipsoid 50, and its long axis direction is the short-axis direction of index ellipsoid 5, and short-axis direction is the long axis direction of index ellipsoid 5.
The deviation direction of any a branch of electromagnetic wave after super material cell 4 can be propagated ellipsoid 50 by ripple and draw.As shown in figure 12, for the electromagnetic wave of direction incident as shown in FIG., with want the face of propagation ellipsoid of outgoing on a bit crossing, do the tangent line of this joining about ripple propagation ellipsoid 50, the normal direction of the tangent line that the point of intersection is done is electromagnetic direction of propagation of energy.This normal extend to a surface that surpasses material panel be also exit facet crossing after, intersection point on exit facet continues along the direction outgoing parallel with incident direction, this exit direction is the electromagnetic wave phase place direction of propagation.
Because the first artificial micro-structural 21 and the second artificial micro-structural 22 of interface 3 both sides are symmetrical, therefore, as shown in figure 12, the extraordinary ray main shaft of the index ellipsoid 5 of the two is symmetrical with respect to interface 3 and form an angle respectively.A part of electromagnetic wave of incident electromagnetic wave is through the backward lower deviation of the first artificial micro-structural 21, and thereby another part electromagnetic wave is through upwards deviation of the second artificial micro-structural 22, two parts electromagnetic wave in super material panel inside mutually away from realizing translation, and in the time leaving super material panel keep parallel with incident direction.
The two the extraordinary ray optical axis n of index ellipsoid 5 of the first artificial micro-structural 21 and the second artificial micro-structural 22
eextend to the line segment that interface forms, be all positioned at the same side of interface normal, simultaneously the extraordinary ray optical axis of the first all artificial micro-structurals extend to interface and interfacial angle all at 0 degree between 90 degree.So also can ensure that all the first artificial micro-structurals 21 all make electromagnetic wave downwards away from interface, the second artificial micro-structural 22, also all upwards away from interface, finally realizes translation.
It should be noted that, as seen from the above embodiment, the extraordinary ray optical axis n of interface 3 both sides
ethe angle forming its to open direction consistent with Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction, the electromagnetic wave of both sides could be to the direction skew away from interface 3.
Artificial micro-structural 2 have a variety of can implementation, the plane with geometrical pattern or the stereochemical structure that are made up of at least one one metal wire, as quadrangle or the irregular closed curve of " work " font, " ten " font, oval ring, arbitrary triangle, non-square.For the artificial micro-structural 2 of planar structure, its geometry can be that axial symmetry also can non-axial symmetry; For three-dimensional structure, it can be the rotational symmetric Arbitrary 3 D figure of non-90 degree.
The artificial micro-structural 2 of plane is all attached on the surface of flat substrates 1.As shown in figure 11, the first artificial micro-structural 21 and the second artificial micro-structural 22 are " work " font, comprise that two are parallel to each other and the first wire 60, two ends equal in length connect respectively two first wires 60 and vertically divide the second wire 61 of the first wire 60 equally.All artificial micro-structurals are arranged according to quadrate array, and the second wire 61 is 45 degree with respect to the inclination angle of horizontal or vertical array direction.The index ellipsoid 5 of artificial micro-structural 21,22 as shown in figure 12, its extraordinary ray optical axis n
eparallel with the direction of the second wire 61, the optical main axis of whole super material panel is and extraordinary ray optical axis n
eparallel direction.
Figure 13 is the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation schematic diagram that uses the array antenna of the super material panel 1002 shown in Figure 11.Here for the purpose of being described clearly, only show the several super material cell being close in the super material cell of row in a super sheet of material of super material panel 1002, and two antenna element S1, S2 in multiple antenna element.The electromagnetic wave that wherein covers a part of antenna element (only showing S2 in the figure) transmitting in the sphere of action of the artificial micro-structural of super material panel upper part can generation translation after super material panel, it is the upwards translation shown in Figure 13, and the electromagnetic wave that covers a part of antenna element (only showing S1 in the figure) transmitting in the sphere of action of the artificial micro-structural of super material panel lower part can generation translation, i.e. upwards translation shown in Figure 13 after super material panel.As shown in Figure 13, the electromagnetic wave direction that the electromagnetic wave of antenna element S1, S2 transmitting penetrates after translation looks like ejaculation from S1 ', S2 ', also be, although the actual range L1 between antenna element S1 and S2 does not change, but surpassing material panel by use expands the radiation scope of S1 and S2, be equivalent to the distance having increased between antenna element, make it expand to L2.Certainly the several super material cell that only shows the next-door neighbour in the super material cell of the row of one in a super sheet of material in Figure 13, along with the increase of columns, the distance of translation also can increase, and correspondingly the distance between the antenna element of the equivalent increase of institute also can increase.
In above-described embodiment, the electromagnetic wave that can also be provided for array antenna to launch between super material panel and described array antenna pools the focal element of plane wave.Array antenna 1400 as shown in figure 14, comprise multiple antenna elements 1401, have the super material panel 1402 of translation functions, pool the focal element 1403 of plane wave for the electromagnetic wave that array antenna is launched, focal element 1403 is arranged between super material panel 1402 and array antenna.Focal element 1403 concrete structure the present invention do not limit, and pools plane wave as long as can realize the electromagnetic wave that array antenna is launched.Focal element 1403 can be lens, also can be that the super material with aggregation feature is realized.Realize the super material of converging of focal element and can comprise at least one super sheet of material, each lamella comprises the nonmetallic base material of sheet, each base material is divided into the cubical base material unit of multiple identical and array arrangements, is attached with an artificial micro-structural on each base material unit.As a non-limiting example, the refractive index that converges super material is maximum on the central shaft that converges super material perpendicular to this, taking central shaft as the center of circle, along with the increase of radius, refractive index diminishes gradually and the variable quantity of refractive index increases gradually, and the refractive index at same radius place is identical.
The relative focal element 1403 of super material panel 1402 is arranged at the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction d upper (as shown in the arrow in Figure 14) of array antenna.The structure of the antenna element in the array antenna 1400 in Figure 14 is only signal, and its concrete structure can arrange according to needs, and this present invention is not limited.Super material panel 1402 can adopt previously described structure to realize.
The electromagnetic wave that focal element 1403 is launched array antenna pools after plane wave, then injects in super material panel 1402, and super material panel 1402 can adopt previously described any structure, as long as can realize translation.Figure 15 is the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation schematic diagram that uses the array antenna that comprises focal element shown in Figure 14, wherein super material panel 1402 adopts the super material panel shown in Figure 11, electromagnetic wave pool inject again super material panel after plane wave schematic diagram as shown in Figure 16.In Figure 15, for the purpose of being described clearly, only show two antenna element S1, S2 in multiple antenna elements.Figure 13 is the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation schematic diagram that uses the array antenna of the super material panel 1002 shown in Figure 11.Here for the purpose of being described clearly, only show the several super material cell being close in the super material cell of row in a super sheet of material of super material panel 1002, and two antenna element S1, S2 in multiple antenna element.The electromagnetic wave that wherein covers a part of antenna element (only showing S2 in the figure) transmitting in the sphere of action of the artificial micro-structural of super material panel upper part can generation translation after super material panel, it is the upwards translation shown in Figure 15, and the electromagnetic wave that covers a part of antenna element (only showing S1 in the figure) transmitting in the sphere of action of the artificial micro-structural of super material panel lower part can generation translation, i.e. upwards translation shown in Figure 13 after super material panel.As shown in Figure 15, the electromagenetic wave radiation scope that the electromagnetic wave of antenna element S1, S2 transmitting penetrates after translation obviously expands, also be, although the actual range L1 between antenna element S1 and S2 does not change, but surpass material panel by use, the radiation scope of S1 and S2 is expanded, be equivalent to the distance having increased between antenna element, make it expand to L2, and making electromagnetic wave propagate and make propagation distance farther with the form of plane wave, energy is more concentrated.Described in referring to above about the content of super material panel.
The present invention is by arranging the super material panel with translation functions in the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction at array antenna, make the electromagnetic wave outside translation of the antenna element transmitting in array antenna, be equivalent to the distance having increased between antenna element, thereby expanded the radiation scope of array antenna.Not only met application demand but also without the actual range increasing between antenna element, without increasing antenna size, line number and the columns that can determine according to the size of radiation scope super material cell in the super material panel that will use, applicability is strong, regulates more flexible.And, under identical application demand, adopting technical scheme of the present invention, size and the volume of required antenna greatly reduce, and realize the miniaturization of antenna, have reduced design, installation, the maintenance cost of antenna.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not departing from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. an array antenna, comprises at least two antenna elements, it is characterized in that, also comprises the super material panel with translation functions, and described super material panel expands the electromagnetic radiation scope of described array antenna transmitting; Described super material panel is relatively arranged in the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction of described array antenna;
Described super material panel comprises at least one super sheet of material, and each lamella comprises the base material of sheet and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural on described base material;
Wherein each described artificial micro-structural is non-90 degree rotational symmetry structures, makes described super material panel be anisotropy; The index ellipsoid of each described artificial micro-structural is identical, and the extraordinary ray optical axis of each index ellipsoid is parallel to each other, the equal out of plumb of each extraordinary ray optical axis and be not parallel to Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction, thus make the optical main axis out of plumb of described array antenna and be not parallel to Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction.
2. array antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described multiple artificial micro-structurals are all identical and be evenly arranged on described base material in parallel to each other, and the identical and extraordinary ray optical axis of its index ellipsoid size is parallel to each other.
3. array antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described multiple artificial micro-structurals taking a plane perpendicular to described base material as interface is divided into multiple the first artificial micro-structurals and multiple the second artificial micro-structural;
Described multiple the first artificial micro-structural has identical index ellipsoid, and the extraordinary ray optical axis of index ellipsoid is parallel to each other simultaneously; Described multiple the second artificial micro-structural has identical index ellipsoid, and the extraordinary ray optical axis of index ellipsoid is parallel to each other simultaneously;
Each described the first artificial micro-structural and the second artificial micro-structural are non-90 degree rotational symmetry structures, non-vanishing or 180 degree of the angle of the extraordinary ray optical axis of the index ellipsoid of the two; The opening direction of described angle is consistent with the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction of described array antenna.
4. array antenna according to claim 3, is characterized in that,
Described multiple the first artificial micro-structural has identical geometry and evenly arranges in parallel to each other, and the identical and extraordinary ray optical axis of its index ellipsoid is parallel to each other;
Described multiple the second artificial micro-structural has identical geometry and evenly arranges in parallel to each other, and the identical and extraordinary ray optical axis of its index ellipsoid is parallel to each other.
5. according to the array antenna described in claim 1～4 any one, it is characterized in that, between described super material panel and described array antenna, be provided with electromagnetic wave for array antenna is launched and pool the focal element of plane wave.
6. according to the array antenna described in claim 1～4 any one, it is characterized in that, described super material panel comprises multiple super sheet of material, and described multiple super sheet of material are along being stacked into and being integrated perpendicular to the direction on described super sheet of material surface.
7. according to the array antenna described in claim 1～4 any one, it is characterized in that, each described artificial micro-structural is the plane with geometrical pattern or the stereochemical structure being made up of at least one one metal wire.
8. according to the array antenna described in claim 1～4 any one, it is characterized in that, each described artificial micro-structural is " work " font, " ten " font or ellipse.
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| CN110690578B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2021-04-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 | Wave absorbing structure for solving problem that wave transmittance of antenna housing test for electronic warfare exceeds hundred |
| CN112103662B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-03-01 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Lens antenna module and electronic equipment |
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| US6938325B2 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2005-09-06 | The Boeing Company | Methods of fabricating electromagnetic meta-materials |
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
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| US7733289B2 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2010-06-08 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Electromagnetic compression apparatus, methods, and systems |
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6938325B2 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2005-09-06 | The Boeing Company | Methods of fabricating electromagnetic meta-materials |
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
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