CN102782340A - 带有视觉要求的薄壁构件的机械连接 - Google Patents

带有视觉要求的薄壁构件的机械连接 Download PDF

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CN102782340A
CN102782340A CN2010800635654A CN201080063565A CN102782340A CN 102782340 A CN102782340 A CN 102782340A CN 2010800635654 A CN2010800635654 A CN 2010800635654A CN 201080063565 A CN201080063565 A CN 201080063565A CN 102782340 A CN102782340 A CN 102782340A
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recess
connecting body
described method
additional member
surface normal
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D.比克
H.格泽
A.绍特纳
W.维格纳
S.梅德
A.黑尔芬贝格尔
H.施奈克特
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Plastic Omnium Automotive Exteriors GmbH
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Faurecia Exteriors GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/07—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of multiple interengaging protrusions on the surfaces, e.g. hooks, coils
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B29C66/53245—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0642—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being arranged one on top of the other and in full close contact with each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16B5/0664—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship at least one of the sheets or plates having integrally formed or integrally connected snap-in-features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将带有视觉上相关的正面(2)和视觉上不相关的背面(3)的构件(1)与附加构件(4)相连接的方法。为了使借助于机械啮合能够连接平的构件(如保险杠)并且因此成本有利地确保薄壁的水平的A级涂漆的构件的连接而提出，在构件(1)的背面(3)上引入凹口(5)，其以与构件(1)的背面(3)的表面法线(6)成不同角度取向，其中凹口(5)不穿透视觉上的相关正面(2)，而是以与正面(2)成这样的间距(7)终止，在该间距中不产生在正面(2)处可见的变形并且接下来将附加构件(4)与构件(1)经由连接体(8)榫接且形状配合地连接，其中，连接体(8)一方面被插入凹口(5)中而另一方面伸过附加构件(4)或被固定在其处。

Description

带有视觉要求的薄壁构件的机械连接
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将带有视觉上相关的正面和视觉上不相关的背面的构件与附加构件(Anbauteil)相连接的方法。
背景技术
现有技术：原理上提供三种使构件相互连接的可能性。
·热连接技术：焊接
在焊接时借助于压力和温度以多样的方式(例如通过摩擦焊接、超声波焊接等)通常将两个接合配对件(Fuegepartner)热连接。对于所有技术共同的是，通过能量供给而产生在接合区域中的熔化过程，其在接合配对件之间产生紧密连接。
特别应用在汽车外部领域中时，由于在注塑时提供新的材料特性的可能性，目前通用的壁厚在加工中处于＞=3.0mm的范围中。由于价格，在此标准地所使用的材料类型是滑石强化的(talkumverstaerkt)PP。由于薄的壁厚，构件的成本和重量降低。然而因为特别地PP(聚丙烯)相对于其它技术的塑料在载荷下非常有蠕变性并且具有较小的E-模量，但是同时对构件焊接所提出的到所焊接的构件结合处各焊接部位＞200N的保持力的要求保持不变，常常不能无缺陷地连接构件。在此主要是用于熔化和分界面的紧密连接所引入的能量阻碍无凹陷的连接，因为其穿过构件这样起作用，使得表面由于收缩差别(Schwindungsunterschied)在冷却时变形并且构造有缺陷处。
·化学连接技术：粘合
在粘合时将化学物质引入分界面中，其通过在接合配对件之间的交联反应(Vernetzungsreaktion)建立以附着力的形式的保持力。特别在聚烯烃材料如PP或PE的领域中，有效的系统是昂贵的并且通常仅利用表面的复杂的预处理可使用。
·机械连接技术：夹接
由于夹子至视觉相关的面的所需的接片连结(Steganbindung)的凹陷危险，仅可使用在不平的区域中、例如涂漆的塑料体的卷边或边缘区域中。
·对现有技术的评论：
目前没有这样的技术，其在平的A级涂漆的带有＜=3mm的壁厚的由PP构成的构件的情况下实现保持力的功能且同时足够成本有利地确保外观。
·热方法(诸如Fakir超声焊极焊接(参见图1或文件EP 1 250 996 B1))在平的漆表面的情况下需要＞3.3mm的壁厚。
·化学方法(诸如粘合)不是成本有利的。
·机械方法(诸如夹接)提供用于A级涂漆的薄壁的塑料件，因为至视觉上相关的构件、夹子的接片的连接在平的面上立即导致在与夹脚/肋脚相对而置的涂漆的外壁上的视觉上可见的凹陷部。
发明内容
在汽车制造中待焊接的构件的一大部分是大的、大多平的性质，如保险杠。本发明目的是使借助于机械啮合能够连接这些主体和几何结构并且因此确保薄壁的平的A级涂漆的构件的连接。
为了实现该目的参见接下来的说明以及图2和3。
如在试验中所示，通过机械地锁住两个接合配合件(构件和附加构件)能够在待连接的构件之间建立足够的保持力。对此：
1.)视觉上相关的构件在其背面上设有多个凹口，其以与表面法线成不同角度取向。在此，凹口不穿通视觉上相关的表面，而是保持与其一定间距，该间距刚好不产生在表面处可见的变形。对于PP构件该间距为大约0.5mm。
2.)在所引入的凹口的范围上定位待连接的构件。
3.)构件被相互榫接且形状配合地连接。
这原则上可以以两种方式发生。
a)对于引入外部件中的空腔在内部件中延伸的情况，通过销接。
b)通过内部件的两分，其允许在各构件中设置有一定数量的相同取向的销子，其伸出超过分界面并且沉入外部件中的匹配数量的凹口中。通过后来将构件锁止在其最终位置中(例如夹住或夹持)来保持定位并且由于形状配合可在销子在两个构件中取向不同的情况下来建立力。
因为在构件的背面上引入凹口，其以与构件的背面的表面法线成不同角度取向，其中，凹口不穿透视觉上相关的正面，而是以与正面成这样的间距终止，在该间距中不产生在正面处可见的变形并且接下来将附加构件与构件经由连接体榫接且形状配合地连接，其中，连接体一方面被插入凹口中而另一方面伸过附加构件或被固定在其处，平的薄壁的平坦的A级涂漆的构件(如保险杠)借助于机械啮合来连接。
凹口有利地是孔。
凹口通常也理解为空腔。凹口和空腔也可简单地通过激光加工来引入。
在一优选的实施形式中以与表面法线的第一角度引入第一数量的凹口而以与表面法线的第二角度引入第二数量的凹口(反向的凹口)。由此附加构件不能从构件松开。
在此，如果凹口被与稍后的载荷方向相反地引入，证明为有利的。概念反向广义地来理解并且包含在作为稍后的载荷方向的另一方向上延伸的凹口。
为了出现持久的且稳固的固定，在两个反向的凹口之间的间距应在20mm以下。
重要的是，凹口如此被引入，使得其端部具有大于0.5mm的与正面的间距。由此确保构件的视觉上相关的正面的完整性。
在一实施形式中连接体销形地来构造。其能够容易地插入凹口中。
适宜地，凹口到构件中的入口被附加构件覆盖。优点是，凹口的入口不可见，而另一优点是，连接体不能从孔中松开。
在另一实施形式中(其在图3中所示)，附加构件两件式地来设计并且附加构件的两部分构造成能够相互连接，其中，在第一部分处仅布置有以与表面法线的第一相同角度延伸的连接体，而在第二部分处仅布置以与表面法线的第二相同角度延伸的连接体，使得在两部分中的每个上仅布置有相同取向的连接体。在第一和在第二部分处的凹口的角度彼此不同。附图以自解释性的方式示出这些。
在构件处的连接体优选地被喷注。
优选地，不仅附加构件而且构件由塑料来制造。
优选地，在不同取向的连接体之间的间隙如此来设计，使得其通过合适的结构设计可被短时间地无损伤地扩展。这简化了啮合。
优选地，首先将单件式地或者两件式地实施的附加构件在最终位置中放置到构件上且然后在接合过程中引入连接体。
优选地，刚才所说明的方法应用于汽车领域中的构件，优选地在视觉上相关的、例如涂漆的面的或带有特别敏感的表面的涂漆的平的面的区域中。
在汽车领域中的应用优选地是在机动车的外部(Exterieur)的领域中并且在那里优选地用于机动车处的保险杠。
附图说明
图1显示算作现有技术的Fakir超声焊极焊接，利用其将附加构件4焊接到构件1处。为了在正面2上不出现可见的痕迹，构件1的壁厚必须大于3.3mm。
在图2和3中说明了根据本发明的方法。
具体实施方式
构件1(这里用于机动车的保险杠)具有视觉上相关的正面2和视觉上不相关的背面3。视觉上相关意味着，提出对视觉的最高要求，即其是A级涂漆的构件。
为了将附加构件4与构件1相连接将凹口5(这里5a、5b、5d、5e)引入构件1中。在凹口5的端部与正面2之间存在大于0.5mm的间距以确保正面2的完整性。两个部件(构件1和附加构件4)由塑料制成。
凹口是在这里所示的实施形式中是孔。但是它也可以是空腔，其通过激光加工来引入。
在图2的实施形式中，以与表面法线6的相同角度引入两个凹口5a、5b而以与表面法线6的另一角度引入两个凹口5d、5d。孔5a平行于孔5b而孔5d平行于孔5e布置。在附加构件4中引入四个连贯的凹口，其以其角度与构件1中的凹口相匹配。凹口5a、5b以相对于凹口5d、5e成直角布置。为了将附加构件4固定在构件1上，附加构件4被置于构件1上并且接下来销形的连接体8a、8b通过附加构件中的凹口被引入直至凹口5d、5e中并且使两个部分相互啮合或者楔住。
图3显示了一实施例，在其中引入三个彼此平行延伸的凹口5a、5b、5c和三个彼此平行延伸的凹口5d、5e、5f。这里，凹口5a、5b、5c也相对于凹口5d、5e、5f成直角布置。附加构件4由两部分4a、4b构成，其相互连接。在第一部分4a处布置有两个销形的连接体8a而在第二部分4b处布置有两个销形的连接体8b。两个连接体8a和8b被喷注在附加构件4处。为了连接，两部分4a、4b在间隙处被彼此略微远离地扩展并且然后如此放置到构件1上，使得连接体8a、8b可挤入凹口5中且在那里楔住。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于将带有视觉上相关的正面(2)和视觉上不相关的背面(3)的构件(1)与附加构件(4)相连接的方法，其特征在于，在所述构件(1)的背面(3)上引入凹口(5)，其以与所述构件(1)的背面(3)的表面法线(6) 成不同角度取向，其中所述凹口(5)不穿透所述视觉上相关的正面(2)，而是以与所述正面(2)成这样的间距(7)终止，在该间距中不产生在所述正面(2)处可见的变形并且接下来将所述附加构件(4)与所述构件(1)经由连接体(8)榫接且形状配合地连接，其中，所述连接体(8)一方面被插入所述凹口(5)中而另一方面伸过所述附加构件(4)或被固定在其处。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，以与所述表面法线(6)的第一角度引入第一数目的凹口(5a, 5b, 5c)而以与所述表面法线(6)的第二角度引入第二数目的凹口(5d, 5e, 5f)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述凹口(5)反向于后来的载荷方向被引入。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在两个反向的凹口之间的所述间距(7)少于20mm。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述凹口(5)被如此引入，使得其端部具有大于0.5mm的与所述正面(2)的间距(9)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连接体(8)销形地来构造。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述凹口(5)到所述构件(1)中的入口被所述附加构件(4)覆盖。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述附加构件(4)两件式地来设计并且所述附加构件(4)的两部分(4a, 4b)被构造成能够相互连接，其中，在所述第一部分(4a)处仅布置有连接体(8a)，其以与所述表面法线(6)的第一相同角度延伸，而在所述第二部分(4b)处仅布置有连接体(8b)，其以与所述表面法线(6)的第二相同角度延伸，使得在所述两部分(4a, 4b)中的每个上仅布置有相同取向的连接体(8a, 8b)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连接体(8)被喷注在所述附加构件(4)处。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，不仅所述附加构件(4)而且所述构件(1)由塑料来制造。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在不同取向的所述连接体(8b, 8d)之间的间隙(10)这样来设计，使得其通过合适的结构设计能够被短时间地无损伤地扩展。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，首先将单件式地或者两件式地实施的所述附加构件(4)在最终位置中放置到所述构件(1)上且然后在接合过程中引入所述连接体(8)。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法的一种应用，用于汽车领域中的构件，优选地在视觉上相关的、例如涂漆的面的或带有特别敏感的表面的涂漆的平的面的领域中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的应用在机动车的外部的领域中。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的应用，用于机动车的保险杠。
CN2010800635654A 2009-12-11 2010-12-13 带有视觉要求的薄壁构件的机械连接 Pending CN102782340A (zh)

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DE2514357A1 (de) * 1974-04-02 1975-10-16 Takeshi Shimizu Verfahren und einrichtung zum zusammenbauen von auseinandernehmbaren moebelstuecken
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CN2851686Y (zh) * 2005-11-21 2006-12-27 杨桂森 一种陶瓷贴片的连接结构

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