CN102780029B - A kind of three component cation codope carbuncle type solid lithium-ion electrolytes - Google Patents
A kind of three component cation codope carbuncle type solid lithium-ion electrolytes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102780029B CN102780029B CN201210266213.XA CN201210266213A CN102780029B CN 102780029 B CN102780029 B CN 102780029B CN 201210266213 A CN201210266213 A CN 201210266213A CN 102780029 B CN102780029 B CN 102780029B
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- lithium ion
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Abstract
A kind of N
2+, N=Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Al
3+, Si
4+the carbuncle type lithium ion solid electrolyte Li of cation codope
5la
3m
2o
12, M=Nb, Ta, is characterized in that stoichiometric equation is Li
5+x+2y+zla
3-xn
xal
ysi
zm
2-y-zo
12, N=Ca, Mg, M=Nb, Ta wherein: x=0.1-0.5; Y=0.1-0.2; Z=0.1-0.2; By Li
2cO
3: La
2o
3: NO (N=Ca, Mg): Al
2o
3: SiO
2: M
2o
5the ratio uniform that (M=Nb, Ta) is 2.7-3.05: 1.25-1.45: 0.1-0.5: 0.05-0.1: 0.1-0.2: 0.8-0.9 (mol ratio) mixes, and forms through ball milling, compacting, sintering; Can obtain and be greater than 10
-4the room temperature lithium ion conductivity of S/cm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid lithium-ion electrolyte and manufacture field.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery have volume, weight energy than high, voltage is high, self-discharge rate is low, memory-less effect, have extended cycle life, the high absolute advantage of power density, have in global portable power source market and exceed 30,000,000,000 dollars of/year shares and the occupation rate of market far exceeding other batteries, the chemical power source [Wu Yuping most with market development prospect, Wan Chunrong, Jiang Changyin, lithium rechargeable battery, Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2002.].Lithium rechargeable battery major part employing both at home and abroad is liquid electrolyte at present, liquid lithium ionic cell has some unfavorable factors, as: liquid organic electrolyte may be revealed, blast at too high a temperature thus cause security incident, the occasion that some are high to security requirement cannot be applied in; Liquid electrolyte lithium ion battery ubiquity Capacity fading problem, uses after a period of time due to electrode active material dissolving in the electrolyte, reaction and degradation failure [Z.R.Zhang, Z.L. Gong, and Y. Yang, J.Phys.Chem.B, 108,2004,17546.].And all-solid-state battery fail safe is high, substantially do not have Capacity fading, solid electrolyte also serves the effect of barrier film, simplifies the structure of battery; In addition, due to without the need to isolated air, also simplify the requirement to equipment in production process, configuration design also more convenient and flexible [Wen Zhaoyin, Zhu Xiujian, the Xu Xiaoxiong etc. of battery, the research of solid state secondary battery, the 12 Chinese solid-state ionics academic meeting paper collection, 2004.]。
In all-solid lithium-ion battery, the rate determining step that the migration rate of charge carrier in solid electrolyte is often far smaller than the ion diffusion rates in the Charger transfer of electrode surface and positive electrode and becomes in whole electrode reaction dynamics, therefore development has the inorganic solid electrolyte of higher li ionic conductivity is the key place building high performance lithium ion battery.The solid lithium-ion electrolyte with Practical significance will be researched and developed in addition, require that it can have good stability (to carbon dioxide and moisture stabilization) in the environment simultaneously, in order to enable the all-solid-state battery of composition use lithium metal to have high energy density as negative pole, also wish that solid state electrolysis mass-energy is stablized lithium metal and has higher decomposition voltage.Lithium ion solid electrolyte from having report at present: LLTO (Li, La) TiO
3solid electrolyte has very high intracrystalline conductivity (10
-3about S/cm) and higher normal temperature total conductivity (10
-4s/cm-10
-5s/cm), but LLTO decomposition voltage is low, cannot form the above all-solid-state battery of discharge voltage 3.7V and unstable to lithium anode; There is the LiM of NASICON type polycrystalline
2(PO
4)
3(M=Ti, Ge, Zr) is by tetrahedron PO
4with octahedra MO
6the grid structure of common composition, the coordination creating structural hole and can fill, making it possible to a large amount of Li ions, is a kind of up-and-coming high-lithium ion conductivity solid electrolyte.By the replacement of aliovalent ion, introducing hole or calking lithium ion can further improve ionic conductivity [Xiaoxiong Xu, Zhaoyin Wen, ZhonghuaGu, et al., Solid State Ionics, 171,2004,207-212.] in the structure.As the Li that [woods ancestral Zuxiang, Li Shichun, silicate journal, 9 (3), 1981,253-257.] such as woods ancestral Zuxiang, Li Shichun find
1+xti
2-xga
xp
3o
12, Li
1+2xti
2-xmgxP
3o
12, Li
1+xge
2-xcr
xp
3o
12, Li
1+xge
2-xal
xp
3o
12, Li
1+xti
2-xin
xp
3o
12etc. system or other are as Li
1+2x+2yal
xmg
yti
2-x-ysi
xp
3-xo
12, Li
1+x+yal
xti
2-xsi
yp
3-yo
12, Li
1+xal
xti
2-xp
3o
12etc. system, all there is higher lithium ion conductivity.But the normal temperature lithium ion conductivity of these systems is usually 10
-4s/cm-10
-6between S/cm, the requirement of non-film lithium ion battery to electrolytic conductivity can't be met very well.NASICON system is unstable to lithium anode equally in addition.W.Weppner etc. proposed a kind of solid electrolyte Li of new garnet structure in 2003
5la
3m
2o
12(M=Nb, Ta) (Thangadurai, V., H.Kaack, et al., Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 86 (3) 2003,437-440.), this solid electrolytic confrontation lithium anode or even motlten metal lithium all highly stable, be the solid electrolyte that all-solid lithium-ion battery has using value.But pure Li
5la
3m
2o
12the electrical conductivity at room temperature of (M=Nb, Ta) only has 10
-6about S/cm.W.Weppner etc. reported K again in 2006
+, In
3+the Li of single ion doping
5la
3m
2o
12(M=Nb, Ta) (Thangadurai, V.and W.Weppner, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 179 (4), 2006,974-984.).Normal temperature ionic conductivity has been brought up to 10
-5the S/cm order of magnitude.But the requirement of non-film lithium ion battery to electrolytic conductivity can't be met very well.
Ion doping improves a kind of very effective mode of solid lithium ion electrolytic conductivity, but the interaction of Doped ions and matrix is very complicated, the characteristic such as size, electronic structure, electronegativity of Doped ions all has a significant impact the ion conductivity of parent, and have interaction between different Doped ions, be promote lithium ion mobility or suppress the degree of lithium ion mobility and promotion and suppression all can have very large difference along with the ionic species mixed and concentration.The selection of Doped ions should meet transmission bottleneck and Li as far as possible in principle
+radius size is mated, Li
+, vacancy concentration weak with skeleton ionic bonding forces and Li
+moderate three conditions of ratio of concentration.The lithium ion mobility mechanism of this garnet-type solid electrolyte also not yet complete studied personnel is understood.Therefore the Garnet-type solid electrolyte of contamination to exploitation high-lithium ion conductivity studying Doped ions further has very important meaning.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is a kind of N provided for existing background technology
2+, N=Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Al
3+, Si
4+the carbuncle type lithium ion solid electrolyte Li of cation codope
5la
3m
2o
12, M=Nb, Ta.First N is passed through
2+replace La
3+, Al
3+and Si
4+replace M
5+mode at a low price ionic compartmentation high valence ion produce extra calking lithium ion, increase the quantity of moving lithium ion in lattice; N simultaneously
2+ionic radius be less than La
3+, Al
3+, Si
4+ionic radius is less than M
5+ionic radius, both synergies make the contraction distortion that La-O is octahedra and the generation of M-O octahedron is certain, the migrating channels cross section of proper expand lithium ion, thus improve lithium ion conductivity.The synergy of both makes the normal temperature ionic conductivity of this solid electrolyte more than 10
-4s/cm, more close to the ionic conductivity of liquid electrolyte.
The present invention reaches by the following technical solutions, and this technical scheme provides a kind of lithium ion conductivity more than 10
-4the lithium ion solid electrolyte of S/cm, its stoichiometric equation is Li
5+x+2y+zla
3-xn
xal
ysi
zm
2-y-zo
12, N=Ca, Mg, M=Nb, Ta wherein: x=0.1-0.5; Y=0.1-0.2; Z=0.1-0.2.
In this technical scheme, by Li
2cO
3: La
2o
3: NO (N=Ca, Mg): Al
2o
3: SiO
2: M
2o
5(M=Nb, Ta) for the ratio uniform of 2.7-3.05: 1.25-1.45: 0.1-0.5: 0.05-0.1: 0.1-0.2: 0.8-0.9 (mol ratio) mixes, add 95% ethanol of 5%-9%, with the rotating speed ball milling 10-30 hour of 100-400 rev/min in ball mill, after ball milling terminates in 60 DEG C of-80 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens (vacuum degree is at 10Pa-100Pa) dry 10-30 hour, grind in alms bowl at agate after taking-up and again grind 10-30 minute, powder after grinding is incubated 5-16 hour with the ramp of 5-30 DEG C/min to 700-800 DEG C, then within 10-20 hour, make solid electrolyte powder with the ramp of 2-10 DEG C/min to 900-1000 DEG C of insulation.This powder mixing 1-5wt% be bonding agent (this bonding agent is PVC or PVA) under forcing press with keep under the pressure of 200-500MPa pressure 2-6 minute formed thin slice, this thin slice makes lithium ion solid electrolyte thin slice in 3-10 hour with the ramp of 10-30 DEG C/min to 900-1100 DEG C of insulation in a nitrogen atmosphere.As Fig. 1 consists of Li
5.4la
2.9ca
0.1al
0.1si
0.1nb
1.8o
12solid electrolyte sheet is AC impedance figure under electrochemical workstation, and from figure, calculate conductivity is 2.3x10
-4s/cm.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: adopt N
2+, N=Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Al
3+, Si
4+the carbuncle type lithium ion solid electrolyte Li of cation codope
5la
3m
2o
12m=Nb, Ta.Pass through N
2+replace La
3+, Al
3+, Si
4+replace M
5+mode at a low price ionic compartmentation high valence ion produce extra calking lithium ion, increase the quantity of moving lithium ion in lattice; N simultaneously
2+ionic radius be less than La
3+, Al
3+, Si
4+ionic radius is less than M
5+ionic radius, both synergies make the contraction distortion that La-O is octahedra and the generation of M-O octahedron is certain, the migrating channels cross section of proper expand lithium ion, thus improve the conductivity of this carbuncle type solid lithium-ion electrolyte significantly.Be very beneficial for the structure of all-solid lithium-ion battery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the AC impedance figure of lithium ion solid electrolyte thin slice under electrochemical workstation, frequency versus impedance and frequency-phase figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: by Li
2cO
3: La
2o
3: CaO: Al
2o
3: SiO
2: Ta
2o
5it is the ratio uniform mixing of 2.785: 1.4: 0.2: 0.06: 0.13: 0.875 (mol ratio), add 95% ethanol of 8%, with the rotating speed ball milling 10 hours of 100 revs/min in ball mill, the middle drying of 60 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens (vacuum degree 20Pa) 10 hours after ball milling terminates, grind in alms bowl at agate after taking-up and again grind 30 minutes, powder after grinding to 720 DEG C of insulations 12 hours, then makes solid electrolyte powder in 11 hours with the ramp of 3 DEG C/min to 900 DEG C of insulations with the ramp of 6 DEG C/min.This powder mixing 2wt% bonding agent PVC is to keep pressure to form thin slice in 5 minutes under forcing press under the pressure of 250MPa, this thin slice makes lithium ion solid electrolyte thin slice in 10 hours with the ramp of 10 DEG C/min to 950 DEG C of insulations in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Embodiment 2: by Li
2cO
3: La
2o
3: CaO: Al
2o
3: SiO
2: Nb
2o
5it is the ratio uniform mixing of 2.97: 1.3: 0.4: 0.09: 0.18: 0.82 (mol ratio), add 95% ethanol of 9%, with the rotating speed ball milling 15 hours of 400 revs/min in ball mill, the middle drying of 80 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens (vacuum degree 95Pa) 30 hours after ball milling terminates, grind in alms bowl at agate after taking-up and again grind 30 minutes, powder after grinding to 780 DEG C of insulations 10 hours, then makes solid electrolyte powder in 15 hours with the ramp of 6 DEG C/min to 950 DEG C of insulations with the ramp of 25 DEG C/min.This powder mixing 5wt% bonding agent PVC is to keep pressure to form thin slice in 2 minutes under forcing press under the pressure of 450MPa, this thin slice makes lithium ion solid electrolyte thin slice in 10 hours with the ramp of 25 DEG C/min to 1000 DEG C of insulations in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Embodiment 3: by Li
2cO
3: La
2o
3: MgO: Al
2o
3: SiO
2: Nb
2o
5it is the ratio uniform mixing of 2.7: 1.45: 0.1: 0.05: 0.1: 0.9 (mol ratio), add 95% ethanol of 5%, with the rotating speed ball milling 30 hours of 300 revs/min in ball mill, the middle drying of 75 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens (vacuum degree 50Pa) 20 hours after ball milling terminates, grind in alms bowl at agate after taking-up and again grind 20 minutes, powder after grinding to 800 DEG C of insulations 6 hours, then makes solid electrolyte powder in 20 hours with the ramp of 10 DEG C/min to 1000 DEG C of insulations with the ramp of 10 DEG C/min.This powder mixing 1wt% bonding agent PVA is to keep pressure to form thin slice in 6 minutes under forcing press under the pressure of 400MPa, this thin slice makes lithium ion solid electrolyte thin slice in 7 hours with the ramp of 15 DEG C/min to 1100 DEG C of insulations in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Embodiment 4: by Li
2cO
3: La
2o
3: MgO: Al
2o
3: SiO
2: Ta
2o
5it is the ratio uniform mixing of 2.99: 1.25: 0.5: 0.07: 0.2: 0.83 (mol ratio), add 95% ethanol of 6%, with the rotating speed ball milling 20 hours of 350 revs/min in ball mill, the middle drying of 70 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens (vacuum degree 50Pa) 18 hours after ball milling terminates, grind in alms bowl at agate after taking-up and again grind 10 minutes, powder after grinding to 750 DEG C of insulations 10 hours, then makes solid electrolyte powder in 15 hours with the ramp of 8 DEG C/min to 950 DEG C of insulations with the ramp of 8 DEG C/min.This powder mixing 2.6wt% bonding agent PVA is to keep pressure to form thin slice in 4 minutes under forcing press under the pressure of 400MPa, this thin slice makes lithium ion solid electrolyte thin slice in 3 hours with the ramp of 15 DEG C/min to 900 DEG C of insulations in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Embodiment 5: by Li
2cO
3: La
2o
3: CaO: Al
2o
3: SiO
2: Ta
2o
5it is the ratio uniform mixing of 2.925: 1.35: 0.3: 0.1: 0.15: 0.825 (mol ratio), add 95% ethanol of 7%, with the rotating speed ball milling 30 hours of 300 revs/min in ball mill, the middle drying of 75 DEG C of vacuum drying ovens (vacuum degree 60Pa) 25 hours after ball milling terminates, grind in alms bowl at agate after taking-up and again grind 26 minutes, powder after grinding, with the speed 700 DEG C of 10 DEG C/min insulation 16 hours, then makes solid electrolyte powder in 20 hours with the ramp of 7 DEG C/min to 1000 DEG C of insulations.This powder mixing 2.6wt% bonding agent PVC is to keep pressure to form thin slice in 4 minutes under forcing press under the pressure of 200MPa, this thin slice makes lithium ion solid electrolyte thin slice in 5 hours with the ramp of 30 DEG C/min to 900 DEG C of insulations in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Claims (2)
1. a N
2+, Al
3+, Si
4+the carbuncle type lithium ion solid electrolyte of cation codope, is characterized in that stoichiometric equation is Li
5+x+2y+zla
3-xn
xal
ysi
zm
2-y-zo
12, wherein N=Ca or Mg, M=Nb or Ta, wherein: x=0.1-0.5; Y=0.1-0.2; Z=0.1-0.2; Described lithium ion solid electrolyte is adopted and is prepared with the following method: by Li
2cO
3: La
2o
3: NO: Al
2o
3: SiO
2: M
2o
5with the ratio uniform mixing of 2.7-3.05: 1.25-1.45: 0.1-0.5: 0.05-0.1: 0.1-0.2: 0.8-0.9, wherein N=Ca or Mg, M=Nb or Ta, ratio is all mol ratio, add 95% ethanol of 5%-9%, with the rotating speed ball milling 10-30 hour of 100-400 rev/min in ball mill.
2. carbuncle type lithium ion solid electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that the normal temperature lithium ion conductivity of the thin slice of the described solid electrolyte obtained is greater than 10
-4s/cm.
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| JP6565724B2 (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2019-08-28 | Tdk株式会社 | Garnet type lithium ion conductive oxide and all solid state lithium ion secondary battery |
| CN109935901A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-25 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of Nb, Ta are co-doped with carbuncle type LLZO solid electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
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