CN102778171B - Three-level light-gas gun driven by compressed nitrogen - Google Patents
Three-level light-gas gun driven by compressed nitrogen Download PDFInfo
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- CN102778171B CN102778171B CN201210257817.8A CN201210257817A CN102778171B CN 102778171 B CN102778171 B CN 102778171B CN 201210257817 A CN201210257817 A CN 201210257817A CN 102778171 B CN102778171 B CN 102778171B
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Abstract
A three-level light-gas gun driven by compressed nitrogen comprises a primary gas chamber, a primary pump tube, a secondary gas chamber, a secondary pump tube, a tertiary gas chamber and a transmitting tube. The primary gas chamber is connected with the primary pump tube, and a quick opening valve is arranged between the primary gas chamber and the primary pump tube; the primary pump tube is connected with the secondary gas chamber; the secondary gas chamber is connected with the secondary pump tube, and a secondary diaphragm is arranged between the secondary gas chamber and the secondary pump tube; the secondary pump tube is connected with the tertiary gas chamber; and the tertiary gas chamber is connected with the transmitting tube, and a tertiary diaphragm is arranged between the tertiary gas chamber and the transmitting tube. A three-level driving mode is adopted, energy utilization efficiency among levels is improved, a severe gas environment in a gun body is improved, and ablation risks of the gun body are reduced; the secondary gas chamber and the tertiary gas chamber are of straight barrel type structures or barrel structures with large cone angles, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved; and a replaceable ablation ring is arranged at the front end of the transmitting tube, the ablation risks of the gun body are reduced, and experimental cost of super-speed transmission is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of three grades of light-gas guns, particularly with the gas-powered three grades of light-gas guns of compressed nitrogen.
Background technology
The bullet of light-gas gun energy emissive material, various shapes, meet the demand of various terminal Benefit The Simulation test, be called as high speed the most general, ultrahigh speed actuation techniques, be widely used in the fields such as kinetic energy weapon effect study, terrestrial space physical study, spacecraft shield research.Relative to one-stage light-gas gun and two-stage light gas gun, three grades of light-gas guns adopt three grades of type of drive.
McGill university of Canada have developed three grades of light-gas guns that a gunpowder drives, and transmitting tube internal diameter is 12.7mm, respectively the polyester cylindricality bullet of 1.5g, 1.1g is accelerated to 9.6km/s, 10.5km/s.American Studies mechanism University of Dayton Research Institute also have developed three grades of light-gas guns that a gunpowder drives, and transmitting tube internal diameter is 5.6mm, heavy 0.1g nylon cylindricality bullet can be accelerated to 8.65km/s.（A.J.Piekutowski,K.L.Poormon.Development of a three-stage,light-gas gun at theUniversity of Dayton Research Institue[J],International Journal of ImpactEngineering,33:615~624,2006.）。Domesticly there is no other three grades of light-gas guns.
External three grades of light-gas guns all adopt gunpowder as drive source.Gunpowder detonation can produce a large amount of toxic gases, the health of contaminated environment and harm operating personnel; Gunpowder detonation also can produce the particulate matters such as a large amount of carbon blacks, remains in gun tube, strengthens the difficulty of cleaning gun barrel, reduces conventional efficient; As a kind of priming system, there is certain potential safety hazard in gunpowder, the cost of the measures such as corresponding storage, management is also higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of high efficiency, low stain, to stablize emission rate the highest more than 8km/s and more than the light-gas gun that can carry out low cost application under the transmitting of 8km/s speed.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of with the gas-powered three grades of light-gas guns of compressed nitrogen, its feature part is: comprise one-level air chamber, one-level pump line, secondary air chamber, secondary pump line, three grades of air chambers, transmitting tubes; Described one-level air chamber is connected with one-level pump line and quick opening valve is provided therebetween; Described one-level pump line is connected with secondary air chamber; Described secondary air chamber is connected with secondary pump line and secondary diaphragm is provided therebetween; Described secondary pump line is connected with three grades of air chambers; Described three grades of air chambers are connected with transmitting tube and three grades of diaphragms are provided therebetween; Described primary pump tube inlet section is provided with first stage piston; Described two stage pump tube inlet section is provided with second piston; Described transmitting tube entrance is provided with bullet; The internal diameter of described one-level pump line is greater than the internal diameter of secondary pump line, and the internal diameter of described secondary pump line is greater than the internal diameter of transmitting tube; High pressure nitrogen is filled with in described one-level air chamber; Hydrogen is filled with in described one-level pump line and secondary air chamber, secondary pump line and three grades of air chambers.
Above-mentioned secondary air chamber adopts straight barrel type structure, and described three grades of air chambers adopt the cone barrel structure of large cone angle.
Above-mentioned three grades of air chambers are the cone barrel structure of 60 ° of cone angles.
High pressure nitrogen pressure in above-mentioned one-level air chamber is not more than 30MPa; Hydrogen Vapor Pressure in described one-level pump line and secondary air chamber, secondary pump line and three grades of air chambers is 0.1MPa ~ 0.6MPa.
Above-mentioned transmitting tube front end is provided with ablation ring, described ablation ring comprises disk, described disk passes through along disc centre line and is disposed with recessed seam, diaphragm groove, cone tank and male half coupling, the diameter of described recessed seam is greater than diaphragm groove, described cone tank is reduced diameter from diaphragm groove one end, the maximum gauge of described cone tank is less than the diameter of diaphragm groove, described male half coupling center drilling, described male half coupling center-hole diameter equals cone tank minimum diameter, described recessed seam and three grades of air chambers suitable, described three grades of diaphragm arrangement are in diaphragm groove, described male half coupling and transmitting tube is suitable and male half coupling center-hole diameter equals transmitting tube internal diameter.
The internal diameter of above-mentioned one-level pump line and the ratio of two stage pump bore are 1.5 ~ 2.5, and the internal diameter of described secondary pump line and the ratio of transmitting tube internal diameter are 3 ~ 5.
The ratio of above-mentioned primary pump length of tube and internal diameter is 200 ~ 250, and the ratio of described two stage pump length of tube and internal diameter is 180 ~ 240, and described transmitting tube length and the ratio of internal diameter are 250 ~ 600.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts compressed nitrogen to substitute gunpowder and makes drive source, significantly improves security and the environmental protection quality of the experiment of gas big gun, and can improve gas big gun conventional efficient, be conducive to applying of gas big gun experimental technique.
2, the present invention adopts three grades of type of drive, can improve the energy utilization efficiency of gas big gun, and reduce barrel erosion risk, under making the prerequisite of the extremely low damage of big gun body, gas big gun stablizes emission rate more than 8km/s.
3, the secondary of apparatus of the present invention, three grades of air chambers adopt straight barrel type structures or wide-angle cone barrel structure, can improve energy utilization efficiency.
4, apparatus of the present invention transmitting tube front end adopts the ablation ring that can change in vitro, and when avoiding ultra-high rates of fire, the ablation of big gun body, simple to operation, and greatly reduce the experimental cost of ultra-high rates of fire.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is three grades of light-gas gun structural representations that nitrogen drives;
Fig. 2 is secondary air chamber structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is three grades of air chamber structure schematic diagrames;
Fig. 4 is ablation ring structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the experimental waveform of laser velocimeter measurement device, for calculating velocity of shot.
Wherein Reference numeral is: 1-one-level air chamber; 2-one-level pump line; 3-secondary air chamber; 4-secondary pump line; 5-tri-grades of air chambers; 6-transmitting tube; 7-quick opening valve; 8-first stage piston; 9-secondary diaphragm; 10-second piston; 11-tri-grades of diaphragms; 12-ablation ring; 13-bullet, 1201-disk, the recessed seam of 1202-, 1203-diaphragm groove, 1204-cone tank, 1205-male half coupling, 1206-male half coupling centre bore.
Detailed description of the invention
The basic process that three grades of light-gas guns are launched: high pressure nitrogen is stored in one-level air chamber 1, by the gases at high pressure of quick opening valve 7 abrupt release one-level air chamber 1 during transmitting, drive of high-pressure gas first stage piston 8 moves, first stage piston 8 compresses gas in one-level pump line 2 and arrives high pressure conditions to secondary air chamber 3, secondary diaphragm 9 breaks under a certain pressure, one-level pump line 2 gas-powered second piston 10 moves, second piston 10 compresses gas to three grade air chamber 5 in secondary pump line 4 and arrives high pressure conditions, three grades of diaphragms 11 break under a certain pressure, the accelerated motion in transmitting tube 6 of secondary pump line 4 gas-powered bullet 13, bullet 13 accelerates to target velocity.
The present invention relates to two large critical difficult problems:
(1) problem of driving-energy deficiency.The upper limit bullet speed of external advanced secondary gas big gun reaches 8 ~ 11km/s, all adopt gunpowder as drive source, and the two-stage light gas gun of external compressed gas-driven seldom has the experimental data more than 6km/s, its main cause be the energy density of high pressure compressed gas not as good as gunpowder, its driving force also cannot compared with gunpowder.The present invention adopts compressed nitrogen as drive source, needs to pursue extreme energy utilization efficiency under limited driving-energy, could realize the superelevation emission rate more than 8km/s.
(2) problem of barrel erosion and bullet fragmentation.Under higher transmit speed, the gaseous environment of exceedingly odious (high temperature, high pressure) is there is in gun tube, make barrel erosion, bullet broken, cause emission experiment failure, barrel erosion also considerably increases the experimental cost of ultra-high rates of fire, and this is the domestic main cause seldom having emission experiment data more than 7km/s except the present invention at present.The present invention will realize stable emission rate more than 8km/s, and the present invention also can carry out the application of low cost under more than 8km/s emission rate, need to improve gaseous environment exceedingly odious in gun tube, and reduce barrel erosion risk, reduce the experimental cost of ultra-high rates of fire.
The present invention adopts three grades of type of drive, improves inter-stage energy utilization efficiency, improves severe gaseous environment in big gun body simultaneously, reduces big gun body ablation risk; Secondary, three grades of air chambers adopt straight barrel type structure or big-taper-angle taper barrel structure, improve energy utilization efficiency; The removable ablation ring of transmitting tube Front-end Design, reduces the ablation risk of big gun body own, greatly reduces the experimental cost of ultra-high rates of fire.
The internal diameter of one-level pump line and the ratio of two stage pump bore are 1.5 ~ 2.5, and the internal diameter of described secondary pump line and the ratio of transmitting tube internal diameter are 3 ~ 5.The ratio of primary pump length of tube and internal diameter is 200 ~ 250, and the ratio of two stage pump length of tube and internal diameter is 180 ~ 240, and the ratio of transmitting tube length and internal diameter is 250 ~ 600.
The volume of the one-level air chamber of the present invention's three grades of gas big guns is 0.01m
3, primary pump bore is 57mm, length is 12m, and two stage pump bore is 37mm, length is 7.4m, and transmitting tube internal diameter is 10mm, length is 4m, adopts quick opening valve to control one-level air chamber and exits instantaneously.
Table 1 is the fractional transmission experimental data of 57/37/10mm tri-grades of light-gas guns, and in table, serial experiment adopts cylinder-shaped bullet, and bullet diameter is 10mm, and material is Merlon.
Table 1 57/37/10mm tri-grades of light-gas gun emission experiment data
Wherein: the emission rate of experiment 2 reaches 8.09km/s.
Claims (6)
1. with the gas-powered three grades of light-gas guns of compressed nitrogen, it is characterized in that: comprise one-level air chamber, one-level pump line, secondary air chamber, secondary pump line, three grades of air chambers, transmitting tubes; Described one-level air chamber is connected with one-level pump line and quick opening valve is provided therebetween; Described one-level pump line is connected with secondary air chamber; Described secondary air chamber is connected with secondary pump line and secondary diaphragm is provided therebetween; Described secondary pump line is connected with three grades of air chambers; Described three grades of air chambers are connected with transmitting tube and three grades of diaphragms are provided therebetween; Described primary pump tube inlet section is provided with first stage piston; Described two stage pump tube inlet section is provided with second piston; Described transmitting tube entrance is provided with bullet; The internal diameter of described one-level pump line is greater than the internal diameter of secondary pump line, and the internal diameter of described secondary pump line is greater than the internal diameter of transmitting tube; High pressure nitrogen is filled with in described one-level air chamber; Hydrogen is filled with in described one-level pump line and secondary air chamber, secondary pump line and three grades of air chambers, the ratio of described primary pump length of tube and internal diameter is 200 ~ 250, the ratio of described two stage pump length of tube and internal diameter is 180 ~ 240, and described transmitting tube length and the ratio of internal diameter are 250 ~ 600.
2. according to claim 1 with the gas-powered three grades of light-gas guns of compressed nitrogen, it is characterized in that: described secondary air chamber adopts straight barrel type structure, and described three grades of air chambers adopt the cone barrel structure of large cone angle.
3. according to claim 2 with the gas-powered three grades of light-gas guns of compressed nitrogen, it is characterized in that: described three grades of air chambers are the cone barrel structure of 60 ° of cone angles.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 with the gas-powered three grades of light-gas guns of compressed nitrogen, it is characterized in that: the high pressure nitrogen pressure in described one-level air chamber is not more than 30MPa; Hydrogen Vapor Pressure in described one-level pump line and secondary air chamber, secondary pump line and three grades of air chambers is 0.1MPa ~ 0.6MPa.
5. according to claim 4 with the gas-powered three grades of light-gas guns of compressed nitrogen, it is characterized in that: described transmitting tube front end is provided with ablation ring, described ablation ring comprises disk, described disk passes through along disc centre line and is disposed with recessed seam, diaphragm groove, cone tank and male half coupling, the diameter of described recessed seam is greater than diaphragm groove, described cone tank is reduced diameter from diaphragm groove one end, the maximum gauge of described cone tank is less than the diameter of diaphragm groove, described male half coupling center is provided with male half coupling centre bore, described male half coupling center-hole diameter equals cone tank minimum diameter, described recessed seam and three grades of air chambers suitable, described three grades of diaphragm arrangement are in diaphragm groove, described male half coupling and transmitting tube is suitable and male half coupling center-hole diameter equals transmitting tube internal diameter.
6. according to claim 4 with the gas-powered three grades of light-gas guns of compressed nitrogen, it is characterized in that: the internal diameter of described one-level pump line and the ratio of two stage pump bore are 1.5 ~ 2.5, and the internal diameter of described secondary pump line and the ratio of transmitting tube internal diameter are 3 ~ 5.
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| CN102778171B true CN102778171B (en) | 2015-04-22 |
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| CN103322857B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2014-12-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Small two-stage light-gas gun |
| CN104654916A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-27 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Two-stage single-piston high-speed bullet launch system |
| US10073020B2 (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2018-09-11 | Drexel University | Modular light gas accelerator |
| CN106352736B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-12-19 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of device that light-gas gun gas energy is improved using microwave |
| CN106679500B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-08-17 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of two-stage light gas gun driven with Hydrogen Energy |
| CN106440936B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-10-30 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of light-gas gun moves back plug device |
| CN107091938A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-25 | 德阳鑫晶科技有限公司 | The method for being easy to measure hydrogen gas gun speed and frictional force |
| CN108180784B (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-09-10 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Double reaction gas drive transmitted at high speed system |
| CN108317896A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-07-24 | 大连理工大学 | Multi-channel type light-gas gun flow equilibrium control high speed enters water emission system |
| CN112834150B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-02-28 | 北京博联马赫科技有限公司 | Hybrid drive air gun |
| CN115218720B (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-04-21 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Pneumatic double-layer transmitting cylinder structure for fly-round projectile |
| CN116123930B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2024-11-08 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Trajectory target based on three-level light air cannon driven by electromagnetic ejection |
| CN115826498B (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-05-16 | 北京理工大学 | Automatic control system for multistage light gas cannon and control method thereof |
| CN115828640B (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-05-12 | 北京理工大学 | Three-level light gas gun muzzle velocity calculation method based on reactive gas detonation drive |
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