CN102775058B - High-precision resistance type heating furnace for medium-low-temperature optical fiber drawing tower - Google Patents
High-precision resistance type heating furnace for medium-low-temperature optical fiber drawing tower Download PDFInfo
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- CN102775058B CN102775058B CN201210235330.XA CN201210235330A CN102775058B CN 102775058 B CN102775058 B CN 102775058B CN 201210235330 A CN201210235330 A CN 201210235330A CN 102775058 B CN102775058 B CN 102775058B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision resistance type heating furnace for a medium-low-temperature optical fiber drawing tower. The high-precision resistance type heating furnace comprises a sharp temperature heating interval formed by a uniform heating module, an inert protective gas circulating system, a temperature control system, a vacuum system and a water cooling system. Compared with the prior art, the high-precision resistance type heating furnace disclosed by the invention has the characteristics that a small electric rod, a resistance wire and a heating ring form a sharp temperature heating zone and the distance between every two hundred-temperature heating zones is strictly controlled. By using the temperature control system, the vacuum control system, the gas circulating system and the water cooling system, temperature distribution of the heating zone is indirectly influenced and further the heating furnace is promoted to form a sharp heating zone. Therefore, the high-precision resistance type heating furnace has the advantages of adoption of simple method, high precision, wide temperature adjustable range, gradient temperature rise, high temperature control precision, stable optical fiber diameter and long service life; and compared with other heating furnaces, the crystallization degree of optical fibers of the high-precision resistance type heating furnace is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field fiber, relate to a kind of in multicomponent glass optical fiber manufacturing processed for the high-accuracy process furnace of low temperature in the 100-600 of heating optical fiber preform DEG C, be specially adapted to the resistance-type process furnace that can form sharp temperature heating interval to preform.
Background technology
Optical fiber is 21 century communication and the indispensable material of development in science and technology.Wherein be mainly used in optical-fibre communications field, simultaneously for medical treatment, military, scientific research, the many fields of atmospheric surveillance etc.Optical fiber has important and crucial application in national product and national defense construction, realizes scientific and technological high speed development, changes means of communication, and raising people material and ideological progress has very important meaning.
How to draw out meet design requirements and can be practical optical fiber, the Heating temperature interval controlling prefabricated rods is vital.Present stage preform heating module be designed with many modes can attempt use, if but warm field is uncontrollable, different zones can be made to heat and to there will be deviation, temperature-controllable scope diminishes, crystallization is there is in optical fiber at pulling process, optical fiber string diameter is unstable and error is very large, optical fiber easy fracture.At present, although common silica fibre is widely used in optical communication field, its manufacturing technology also relative maturity, this mainly has benefited from the design success of the graphite resistor furnace of high temperature, its temperature range covers 1100-2300 DEG C, and temperature range is sharp-pointed, temperature controllable precise ± 1 DEG C.And the manufacturing technology of most of multicomponent glass optical fiber immature, except the manufacture difficulty of preform glass block materials, the drawing of middle low temperature multicomponent glass optical fiber is also an industry difficult problem, there is no ripe heating technique and guarantees that multicomponent glass optical fiber can error is controlled in sharp temperature interval drawing success.For solving this industry difficult problem, the high-accuracy preform process furnace that a kind of temperature range is sharp-pointed, heat is sufficient, inert ambient environment is protected, air balance is controlled must be developed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the shortcoming overcoming above-mentioned prior art, the high-accuracy resistance-type process furnace of low temperature optical fiber wire-drawer-tower in one is provided, this resistance-type process furnace can use natural temperature to distribute at the operation interval of prefabricated rods process furnace and form sharp temperature heating interval, temperature-control range is accurately interval, precision is high, and the radius between Baidu cooling area is reasonable.
Technical scheme of the present invention solves like this:
The invention provides the high-accuracy resistance-type process furnace of low temperature optical fiber wire-drawer-tower in one, comprise the sharp temperature heating interval formed by homogeneous heating module, the inert protective gas recycle system, temperature controlling system, vacuum system and water-cooling system.
Described homogeneous heating module comprises silica tube and six little torches, and six little torches are tightly packed outside silica tube, fits tightly between six little torches and silica tube, six little torch series connection, fill insulant material outside little torch.
Described homogeneous heating module comprises silica tube and closelypacked lightweight refractory outside silica tube, refractory materials is carved with three sulculuses, and resistance wire passes sulculus and is wound around three circles; Lagging material is filled with outside refractory materials.
Described homogeneous heating module comprises silica tube and outside silica tube, pours into the heating ring of inverted tubaeform; Lagging material is filled with outside heating ring.
Present invention also offers a kind of sharp temperature heating interval formation method based on the high-accuracy resistance-type process furnace of middle low temperature optical fiber wire-drawer-tower, the method forms a sharp temperature heating interval by homogeneous heating module, the inert protective gas recycle system, temperature controlling system, vacuum system, water-cooling system; Make heating interval form the distribution of sharp temperature by homogeneous heating module, and thermograde is slowly heated up preheating, accurately control the radius of Baidu's heating interval; And vacuum system changes furnace distribution indirectly by the vacuum tightness controlling to extract stove and prefabricated rods, thus impel the formation of sharp-pointed heating interval; In addition, directly regulate temperature variation by temperature controlling system, regulate the heating prefabricated rods of little torch, protection gas directly changes heating interval and preheating zone temperature, and water-cooling circulating system changes the temperature of heating interval indirectly.
Described sharp temperature heating interval formation method, carry out in the steps below:
(1) tightly packed outside silica tube with six little torches, fit tightly each other;
(2) adopt series system to be linked by little torch, ensure that all heating element electric currents are identical, so thermal value is identical;
(3) fill insulant material outside little torch, keeps furnace temp and avoids heat loss;
(4) connect vacuum system, indirectly controlled by vacuum-control(led) system and affect the temperature of heating interval;
(5) connect temperature and control wiring, regulate heating interval temperature by temperature controlling system;
(6) water-cooling system and the protection gas recycle system is connected;
(7) transparent on outermost cover quartz cover is to observe the inside prefabricated rods length variations.
Described sharp temperature heating interval formation method, carry out in the steps below:
(1) tightly packed lightweight refractory outside silica tube;
(2) on refractory materials, engrave three sulculuses, resistance wire is wound around three circles through sulculus;
(3) fill insulant material insulation outside refractory materials, keeps furnace temp;
(4) connect vacuum system, indirectly controlled by vacuum-control(led) system and affect the stable of heating interval;
(5) connect temperature and control wiring, regulate heating interval temperature by temperature controlling system;
(6) water-cooling system and the protection gas recycle system is connected;
(7) transparent on outermost cover quartz cover is to observe the inside prefabricated rods length variations.
Described sharp temperature heating interval formation method, carry out in the steps below:
(1) control and calculate the metal thickness of each several part heating ring and the angle of inclination of horn region, build with this mfg. moulding die;
(2) outside silica tube, pour into the heating ring of inverted tubaeform;
(3) fill insulant material insulation outside heating ring, keeps furnace temp;
(4) connect vacuum system, indirectly controlled by vacuum-control(led) system and affect the stable of heating interval;
(5) connect temperature and control wiring, regulate heating interval temperature by temperature controlling system;
(6) water-cooling system and the protection gas recycle system is connected;
(7) transparent on outermost cover quartz cover is to observe the inside prefabricated rods length variations.
The present invention adopts outside silica tube, pushes to little torch, and retaining part region strict seal, all resistance is identical, accurate control preheating zone, by heating six little torches, make heating interval form a sharp temperature heating interval, and thermograde is slowly heated up preheating, accurately control the radius (top temperature is to the fore-and-aft distance suddenly falling 100 DEG C) of Baidu's heating interval; And vacuum system changes furnace distribution indirectly by the vacuum tightness controlling to extract stove and prefabricated rods, thus impel the formation of sharp-pointed heating interval; In addition, directly regulate temperature variation by temperature controlling system, regulate the heating prefabricated rods of little torch, protection gas directly changes heating interval and preheating zone temperature, and water-cooling circulating system changes the temperature of heating interval indirectly, and these all contribute to forming sharp-pointed heating zone.
The present invention adopts and engraves three grooves push on the refractory materials outside silica tube, be wound around with resistance wire and imbed in groove, by three circle Resistant heatings, heating interval is made to form a sharp temperature distribution, and slowly heat up in preheating zone and heating zone chien shih thermograde preheating, accurately control the radius (top temperature is to the fore-and-aft distance suddenly falling 100 DEG C) of Baidu's heating interval; And vacuum system changes furnace distribution indirectly by the vacuum tightness controlling to extract stove and prefabricated rods; to a certain degree impelling the formation of sharp-pointed heating interval; temperature controlling system directly regulates temperature variation; the process furnace inner preform of regulating resistance silk; pass into protection gas and directly change heating interval and preheating zone temperature; the temperature of water-cooling circulating system remote effect heating interval, these all contribute to forming sharp-pointed heating zone.
The present invention adopts and builds shaping at enforcement heating ring, for inverted tubaeform structure, the sharp-pointed heating interval of automatic formation and preheating zone, heated by inverted tubaeform structure heats ring, heating interval is made to form a sharp temperature distribution, and thermograde is slowly heated up preheating, accurately controls the radius (top temperature is to the fore-and-aft distance suddenly falling 100 DEG C) of Baidu's heating interval; And vacuum system changes furnace distribution indirectly by the vacuum tightness controlling to extract stove and prefabricated rods; to a certain degree impelling the formation of sharp-pointed heating interval; temperature controlling system directly regulates temperature variation; regulate the heating of heating ring; pass into protection gas and directly change heating interval and preheating zone temperature; the temperature of water-cooling circulating system remote effect heating interval, these all contribute to forming sharp-pointed heating zone.
Compared with prior art, by little torch, resistance wire, heating ring forms a sharp temperature heating zone, strict control Baidu heating interval distance in the present invention.By temperature controlling system, vacuum-control(led) system, gas-circulating system and water-cooling system carry out the temperature distribution of " impact " heating zone indirectly, impel process furnace to form sharp-pointed heating zone.Do method so simple, precision is high, and adjustable temperature range is large, and heat up and present gradient, temperature control precision is high, and optical fiber string diameter is stablized, and it is few that optical fiber degree of crystallization compares other process furnace, long service life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Resistant heating pattern diagram provided by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is little torch heating mode schematic diagram provided by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is heating ring heating mode schematic diagram provided by the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that temperature provided by the present invention controls wiring schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is temperature controlling system schematic diagram provided by the present invention;
Fig. 6 is heating element schematic diagram provided by the present invention;
Fig. 7 is heating electrode design diagram provided by the present invention;
Fig. 8 is connecting joint schematic diagram provided by the present invention;
Fig. 9 is process furnace overall schematic provided by the present invention.。
Wherein: 1 is silica tube; 2 is little torch; 3 is resistance wire; 4 is heating ring; 5 is refractory materials; 6 is sulculus; 7 is thermopair.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
See Fig. 1-9, the present invention adopts the heating of little torch, little torch homogeneous heating, very close to each other in the middle of each torch, keeps warm field.Resistance wire is wrapped in refractory materials, and keep homogeneous heating, the spacing between sulculus strictly controls, and heating ring cast shape is trapezoidal.Whole heating mode makes heating interval form sharp temperature heating interval.
Embodiment 1: the heating mode of little torch
The size of little torch is at 25mm diameter, and length is at 30mm, and the diameter 25mm of silica tube, length 80mm, object prevents dust adsorption on silica tube.In order to form sharp temperature heating zone, the present invention adopts six roots of sensation heating rod, keep sealing each other, homogeneous heating, the resistance of calrod is the same, adopts the mode of series connection, makes electric current the same with generation heat, strict control Baidu heating interval radius, makes temperature present slow gradient ascendant trend between preheating zone to heating interval.Pass through temperature controlling system, vacuum-control(led) system, gas-circulating system and water-cooling system carry out the temperature distribution of " impact " heating interval indirectly, form one centered by 600 DEG C, temperature accuracy is ± 0.5 DEG C, preheating zone 65mm, gradient slowly heats up preheating (room temperature is to top temperature), top temperature is 600 DEG C, take top temperature as zero point, and top temperature is less than or equal to the sharp temperature heating interval of 30 millimeters to the fore-and-aft distance (temperature difference radius) suddenly falling 100 DEG C.The sharp temperature heating zone formed, carry out according to the following steps:
A) a diameter 25mm is adopted, the silica tube of length 80mm;
B) around silica tube, place six little torches, tightly packed, there is no space each other;
C) connected together by electrode by the mode of series connection, holding current is equal, thus electric current is equal;
D) around little torch, asbestos are filled as lagging material;
E) connect vacuum system, indirectly control the stable of heating interval by vacuum-control(led) system;
F) connect temperature and control wiring, regulate heating interval temperature by temperature controlling system;
G) water-cooling system and the protection gas recycle system is connected;
H) transparent on outermost cover quartz cover is to observe the inside prefabricated rods length variations;
Embodiment 2: Resistant heating pattern
Resistance wire is wound around heating by electric cooker, and Heating temperature selects 3 number of turns resistance wires as required.Select the diameter 25mm of silica tube, length 80mm, thus prevent in drawing optical fiber process, dust adsorption is in prefabricated rods.The refractory materials that thickness is 55mm is pushed to around silica tube, because heat can be delivered to silica tube and form preheating zone and heating zone by refractory materials, refractory materials engraves three grooves, above resistive heater is wrapped in, the diameter of resistance wire controls its size according to the temperature range of heating interval and core temperature, outside refractory materials, fill asbestos, object keeps temperature-stable.Pass through temperature controlling system, vacuum-control(led) system, gas-circulating system and water-cooling system carry out the temperature distribution of " impact " heating interval indirectly, form one centered by 500 DEG C, temperature accuracy is ± 0.5 DEG C, preheating zone 50mm, and gradient slowly heats up preheating (room temperature is to top temperature), top temperature is 500 DEG C, and top temperature is less than or equal to the sharp temperature heating interval of 25 millimeters to the fore-and-aft distance (temperature difference radius) suddenly falling 100 DEG C.
The sharp temperature heating interval formed, carries out as follows:
A) adopt a diameter to be 25mm, length is the silica tube of 80mm;
B) around silica tube, place the refractory materials that thickness is 55mm, and on refractory materials, engrave three sulculuses;
C) passing three sulculuses with resistance wire, form the resistance wires of three circles, is the mode of series connection;
D) outside refractory materials, cotton is filled as lagging material;
E) connect vacuum system, indirectly controlled by vacuum-control(led) system and affect the stable of heating interval;
F) connect temperature and control wiring, regulate heating interval temperature by temperature controlling system;
G) water-cooling system and the protection gas recycle system is connected;
H) transparent on outermost cover quartz cover is to observe the inside prefabricated rods length variations;
Embodiment 3: heating ring pattern
Homogeneous heating ring, heating ring cast shape is trapezoidal.The diameter selecting silica tube is 25mm, and length is 80mm, and object is that dust adsorption is in prefabricated rods in order to prevent in drawing optical fiber process.By the maximum metal thickness of calculation control heating ring between 10mm, and the angle of inclination of horn region is 30 degree.Outside refractory materials, fill out cotton, object keeps temperature-stable.Pass through temperature controlling system, vacuum-control(led) system, gas-circulating system and water-cooling system carry out the temperature distribution of " impact " heating interval indirectly, form one centered by 450 DEG C, temperature accuracy is ± 0.5 DEG C, preheating zone 55mm, gradient slowly heats up preheating (room temperature is to top temperature), top temperature is 450 DEG C, take top temperature as zero point, and top temperature is less than or equal to the sharp temperature heating interval of 30 millimeters to the fore-and-aft distance (temperature difference radius) suddenly falling 100 DEG C.
The sharp temperature heating zone formed, carry out as follows:
A) adopt a diameter to be 25mm, length is the silica tube of 80mm;
B) control thickness between 10mm, angle of inclination, between 30 degree, is poured into a mould;
C) heating ring is built shaping, is inverted tubaeform structure, automatically forms sharp-pointed heating interval and preheating zone;
D) connect the electric current of heating ring, holding current is even, homogeneous heating;
E) outside refractory materials, asbestos are filled as lagging material;
F) connect vacuum system, indirectly controlled by vacuum-control(led) system and affect the stable of heating interval;
G) connect temperature and control wiring, regulate heating interval temperature by temperature controlling system;
H) water-cooling system and the protection gas recycle system is connected;
I) transparent on outermost cover quartz cover is to observe the inside prefabricated rods length variations;
See Fig. 1-3, at resistance wire provided by the invention, little torch and heating ring three kinds of heating modules, the make of three kinds of modules is according to following steps:
Structure Resistant heating modular approach:
A) adopt a diameter to be 10-40mm, length is the silica tube of 50-80mm;
B) around silica tube, place the refractory materials that thickness is 20-60mm, and on refractory materials, engrave three sulculuses;
C) passing three sulculuses with resistance wire, form the resistance wires of three circles, is the mode of series connection.
Construct little torch heating module method:
A) a diameter 25mm is adopted, the silica tube of length 50-80mm;
B) around silica tube, place six diameters be 10-30mm length is the little torch of 20-40mm, does not have space each other;
C) connected together by electrode by the mode of series connection, holding current is equal, thus electric current is equal.
Structure heating ring modular approach:
A) adopt a diameter to be 25mm, length is the silica tube of 50-80mm;
B) control thickness between 5-20mm, angle of inclination, between 10-45 degree, is poured into a mould;
C) heating ring is built shaping, is inverted tubaeform structure, is automatically formed between sharp-pointed heating interval and preheating zone;
D) connect the electric current of heating ring, holding current is even, homogeneous heating.
See Fig. 4, control wiring scheme in temperature provided by the invention, FP23, by thermopair detection in-furnace temperature T1, shows its temperature value, then regulates controlled silica gel voltate regulator to change temperature T1 value as required, regulate the temperature of sharp-pointed heating interval.
See Fig. 5, at vacuum-control(led) system figure provided by the invention, regulate the vacuum tightness in the space of covering and core to be shown vacuum tightness by 1 value size by U4DZA1, then U6 vacuum regulator is regulated to regulate the vacuum tightness in space between covering and core, not allow covering break when vacuumizing as required.By regulating 2, U5DZA1, the content of oxygen in stove being shown, regulating process furnace shield gas flow rate, controlling sharp temperature heating interval.
See Fig. 6, at heating element schema provided by the invention, by tight round six little torches around silica tube, cast heating ring, or enclose refractory materials, then engrave three sulculuses at refractory materials, then connect three circle resistance wires to heat process furnace, formed between preheating zone and sharp temperature heating interval.
See Fig. 7, at heating electrode schema provided by the invention, be always 60mm by controlling between the heating interval of stove and preheating zone, decide the length between heating interval and preheating zone according to the distance of the radius of Baidu's heating interval, this is very important to proper sharp temperature heating interval.
See Fig. 8; at connecting joint mode of connection schematic diagram provided by the invention; shown in Fig. 8; water-cooling system and the shielding gas recycle system can clearly be noticed; water-cooling system and the shielding gas recycle system affect the temperature distribution of heating interval to a certain extent, and shielding gas prevents prefabricated rods oxidized.
See Fig. 9; in the overall schematic of process furnace provided by the invention; from figure, show that silica tube is by little torch; resistance wire on refractory materials; or heating ring heats; then by vacuum system, temperature controlling system, it is interval that water-cooling system and the shielding gas recycle system form sharp-pointed heating temperatures.Be cotton outside heating mode, as lagging material, be transparent quartz cover outside lagging material, the prefabricated rods length variations in stove can be observed.The size design of whole process furnace and tightness system, water-cooling system is according to the design of formation sharp temperature heating interval.
The field distribution of existing a lot of process furnace heating interval temperature is all very uneven, cannot precise control of temperature, and the prefabricated rods shape of drawing is easily distorted, and the string diameter drawing out optical fiber is unstable, is difficult to form sharp temperature heating zone.Adopt the sharp temperature heating zone that the present invention is formed, method is simple, and temperature-adjustable scope is large, and precision is high, high insulating effect, homogeneous heating, good airproof performance, and consumptive material is few, and expenditure is few, and efficiency is high, and red-tape operati is simple, effectively.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but and be not used to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, when the method and technology contents that can utilize above-mentioned announcement are made a little change or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be the content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to any simple modification that technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1., based on the sharp temperature heating interval formation method of middle low temperature optical fiber wire-drawer-tower with high-accuracy resistance-type process furnace, it is characterized in that, carry out in the steps below:
(1) tightly packed outside silica tube with six little torches, fit tightly each other;
The size of described little torch at 25mm diameter, length at 30mm, the diameter 25mm of silica tube, length 80mm;
(2) adopt series system to be linked by little torch, ensure that all heating element electric currents are identical, so thermal value is identical;
(3) fill insulant material outside little torch, keeps furnace temp and avoids heat loss;
(4) connect vacuum system, indirectly controlled by vacuum-control(led) system and affect the temperature of heating interval; Form one centered by 600 DEG C, temperature accuracy is ± 0.5 DEG C, preheating zone 65mm, gradient slowly heats up preheating, top temperature is 600 DEG C, take top temperature as zero point, and top temperature is less than or equal to the sharp temperature heating interval of 30 millimeters to the fore-and-aft distance suddenly falling 100 DEG C;
(5) connect temperature and control wiring, regulate heating interval temperature by temperature controlling system;
(6) water-cooling system and the protection gas recycle system is connected;
(7) transparent on outermost cover quartz cover is to observe the inside prefabricated rods length variations.
2. sharp temperature heating interval formation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, carry out in the steps below:
(1) tightly packed lightweight refractory outside silica tube;
(2) on refractory materials, engrave three sulculuses, resistance wire is wound around three circles through sulculus;
(3) fill insulant material insulation outside refractory materials, keeps furnace temp;
(4) connect vacuum system, indirectly controlled by vacuum-control(led) system and affect the stable of heating interval;
(5) connect temperature and control wiring, regulate heating interval temperature by temperature controlling system;
(6) water-cooling system and the protection gas recycle system is connected;
(7) transparent on outermost cover quartz cover is to observe the inside prefabricated rods length variations.
3. sharp temperature heating interval formation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, carry out in the steps below:
(1) control and calculate the metal thickness of each several part heating ring and the angle of inclination of horn region, build with this mfg. moulding die;
(2) outside silica tube, pour into the heating ring of inverted tubaeform;
(3) fill insulant material insulation outside heating ring, keeps furnace temp;
(4) connect vacuum system, indirectly controlled by vacuum-control(led) system and affect the stable of heating interval;
(5) connect temperature and control wiring, regulate heating interval temperature by temperature controlling system;
(6) water-cooling system and the protection gas recycle system is connected;
(7) transparent on outermost cover quartz cover is to observe the inside prefabricated rods length variations.
4. the sharp temperature heating interval formation method as described in claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that, carry out in the steps below: described lagging material is asbestos.
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| CN201210235330.XA CN102775058B (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2012-07-09 | High-precision resistance type heating furnace for medium-low-temperature optical fiber drawing tower |
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| CN201210235330.XA CN102775058B (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2012-07-09 | High-precision resistance type heating furnace for medium-low-temperature optical fiber drawing tower |
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| CN105293893A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-02-03 | 西安思翰光电科技有限公司 | High-precision compound heating module for low-medium temperature optical fiber preform fiber drawing furnace |
| CN105293894B (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2019-01-11 | 西安思翰光电科技有限公司 | The high-accuracy heating furnace of mid-infrared light fibre wire-drawer-tower |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2980957A (en) * | 1958-08-11 | 1961-04-25 | American Optical Corp | Method and apparatus for use in the fabrication of light-conducting devices |
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| JPH04254432A (en) * | 1991-02-07 | 1992-09-09 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Method and device for drawing optical fiber |
| CN202008442U (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2011-10-12 | 李正挺 | Blow-off method electric heating distillation condenser for ammonia nitrogen analysis meter |
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| US2980957A (en) * | 1958-08-11 | 1961-04-25 | American Optical Corp | Method and apparatus for use in the fabrication of light-conducting devices |
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