CN102773246B - Method for solidifying/stabilizing treatment of fly ashes in incineration of medical wastes - Google Patents
Method for solidifying/stabilizing treatment of fly ashes in incineration of medical wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102773246B CN102773246B CN201210269521.8A CN201210269521A CN102773246B CN 102773246 B CN102773246 B CN 102773246B CN 201210269521 A CN201210269521 A CN 201210269521A CN 102773246 B CN102773246 B CN 102773246B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the solidifying/stabilizing treatment of fly ashes in the incineration of medical wastes, which aims at the characteristics of high chlorine content, high sulphur content, high basic oxide content and high calcium-silicon ratio of fly ashes in the incineration of medical wastes so as to provide an economic innocent treatment method with low pollution for fly ashes in the incineration of medical wastes. The invention uses humic acid to fix the heavy metal in the medical wastes at a time, uses limited cement to fix and stabilize the fly ashes in the medical wastes and humic acid reaction product, thereby realizing secondary stabilization to the heavy metal, and the cement solidified body capacity-increase is limited or substantially scarce. According to the method, the components of fly ashes in the incineration of medical wastes are firstly measured, humic acid accounting for 10 percent or 20 percent or 30 percent of the fly ashes in the incineration of the wastes is added, and the mixture is kept for 24h or 72h or 240h at room temperature. Then, the cement with the mass less than 30% of the mass of the fly ashes in the incineration and the humic acid reaction product is added, and a right amount of deionized water is also added for stirring, and the mixture is placed in a mould for solidifying for 24h. The operation of demoulding is carried out after 24h, and an obtained solidified body is continuously solidified for 3 days or 7 days or 14 days under the same condition. Compared with a method of constructing independent treatment equipment for the fly ashes in the incineration of the medical wastes, the expense is lower. The method for the solidifying/stabilizing treatment of the fly ashes in the incineration of the medical wastes has better popularization prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of medical refuse burning flyash harmless treatment, be specifically related to the method for the medical refuse burning flyash curing/stabilizing process containing heavy metal, belong to hazardous waste processing technology field.
Background technology
Clinical waste is a kind of special pollutant, 2002, generation total amount about 650,000 t of national clinical waste, average day generation be 1780t.2010, medical institutions' bedspace increased by 5% than 2002, and clinical waste generation reaches 680,000 t.Although its output only accounts for 3% of MSW, it may contain the harmful substances such as multiple infectiousness germ, anti-viral chemical pollutant, syringe needle sharp instrument and radioactivity, has great danger.
Incineration technology is China's main flow medical rubbish treatment technology, is destruction of infectious and toxic material, one of the most effective method reducing volume and weight.Clinical waste is after burning disposal, and the pathogen in refuse is utterly destroyed; Through burning, the combustible component in refuse, generally can loss of weight 80% and subtract appearance more than 90% by after pyrolytic, and reduced training is good.
Medical refuse burning can produce a certain amount of flying ash, and the feature of medical refuse burning flyash is:
(1) high chlorine feature: the chlorinity that the chlorinity of medical refuse burning flyash compares domestic garbage incineration flyash is higher, and in domestic garbage incineration flyash, villaumite is greatly mainly with NaCl, KCl, CaCl
2exist etc. form, content minimum and peak are respectively 0.88% and 30%, and majority is distributed between 10-20%, and mean value is 15.41%, and this is main relevant with the difference of the character of house refuse, the operating mode of burning and flue gas purifying equipment.And for medical waste, its Plastic content of material is far above house refuse, therefore, in medical refuse burning flyash, the content of chlorine is apparently higher than domestic garbage incineration flyash.
(2) high-sulfur feature: in medical refuse burning flyash, sulfur content is higher, close to 10%.
(3) high alkalinity feature: K in domestic garbage incineration flyash
2o and Na
2o content is close, and average content is 6.06% and 5.33%, and medical refuse burning flyash neutral and alkali oxide content is far above domestic garbage incineration flyash, K
2o and Na
2o content is respectively 23% and 3.5%.
(4) high calcium silicon features: the calcium silicon ratio of medical refuse burning flyash is up to 13.8.The method being applied to making fly-ash from incineration harmless and stabilization process mainly comprises solidification and stabilization, wet chemical treatment and high-temperature process three major types.Solidification and stabilization mainly comprises the types such as cement solidification, chelating agent stabilisation, compression solidification; Wet chemical treatment mainly comprises and to add in acid extraction and waste gas and carbonating two type; High-temperature process technology mainly comprises sintering curing and melten glassization two type.
High temperature melting and hardening method is also called Vitrification, and it utilizes the temperature higher than melting point substance to make flying ash reach molten condition, and the stable slag formed after fused solution cooling can be used as roadbed material or realizes recycling.Its shortcoming is that the cost of process is higher.
Cement solidification forms the petrifact high strength block of class by adding portland cement in flying dust, and in cement, heavy metal can be transformed into the low-solubility materials such as hydroxide by the hydroxy of high alkalinity, thus is retained by heavy metal.The hydrate colloid such as calcium silicates, calcium aluminate that reaction is formed, hardening gradually in time finally forms crystalline state, and heavy metal ion is coated, forms the final strength that rock-steady structure reaches firming body simultaneously.Cement solidification technical finesse expense is lower, and system maturation is easy to operation.But the increase-volume of curing/stabilizing product is than large, also can reduce cement solidification method relative advantage with low cost.
Chemical stabilization points in flying ash to add medicament, for the chemical addition agent of heavy metal stabilization process in flying ash, mainly contains inorganic heavy metal stable pharmaceutical and the large class of organic liquid chelating two.Heavy metal and medicament generate the leaching that indissoluble thing prevents heavy metal.The shortcoming of chemical stabilization is that cost is higher.
Medical refuse burning flies to have certain difference with the character of domestic garbage incineration flyash, therefore the treatment technology of domestic garbage incineration flyash is also not exclusively applicable to medical refuse burning flyash, medical refuse burning flyash due to generation relatively little, not yet cause enough attention, treatment technology is also very deficient targetedly.How properly disposing medical refuse burning flyash, reach the target of Environmental capacity, is technical barrier urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for the purpose of solving the problem, and for medical refuse burning flyash height chlorine, high-sulfur, high alkalinity oxide content and high calcium silicon than feature, and provides a kind of economy, oligosaprobic medical refuse burning flyash method for innocent treatment.
The present invention is by chemical method and cement fixation conbined usage, adopt humic acid as chemical agent, namely utilize the strong associativity of humic acid and heavy metal by heavy metal stabilization, reduce dissolubility and the animal migration of heavy metal, make up and be used alone the shortcoming that cement cannot ensure long-time stability, use cement to strengthen the hardness of humic acid firming body simultaneously.The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
(1) first measure the composition of medical refuse burning flyash, the pH value of medical refuse burning flyash is usually more than 12, and under this pH value or landfill condition, run into percolate, heavy metal is easy to stripping.Medical refuse burning flyash and humic acid are carried out Homogeneous phase mixing according to a certain percentage, at room temperature keeps certain hour, utilize the heavy metal in humic acid and medical refuse burning flyash to generate heavy metal complex;
(2) again by the product of medical refuse burning flyash and humic acid and Portland cement with certain proportion Homogeneous phase mixing, add appropriate deionized water to stir, be placed in mould and be greater than 90% and cured at room temperature 24h in relative humidity, the demoulding after 24h, the firming body obtained continues to be cured to the required time under the same conditions, namely the hardening time selected is 3 days, 7 days and 14 days.
The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) utilize humic acid to fix heavy metal, re-use cement solidification and strengthen fixing heavy metal, make firming body highly stable;
(2) utilize humic acid first to fix heavy metal, significantly can reduce the cement consumption of follow-up cement solidification, make the volume amplification of firming body not obvious;
(3) use cement solidification can reduce the leaching concentration of heavy metal in medical refuse burning flyash solidified cement body well, realize security landfill;
(4) use that humic acid once fixes heavy metal in medical refuse burning flyash, cement solidification secondary fixes heavy metal in medical refuse burning flyash, and build compared with independent medical refuse burning flyash treatment facility, expense is lower;
(5) cement solidification is used bioxin can be encapsulated in solidified cement body.
Detailed description of the invention
The method of medical refuse burning flyash harmlessness disposing of the present invention, first the composition of medical refuse burning flyash is measured, by medical refuse burning flyash and humic acid Homogeneous phase mixing according to a certain percentage, the adding proportion of humic acid is respectively 10%, 20%, 30%(mass percentage), keep 24h under room temperature, 72h, 240h.
The product of medical refuse burning flyash and humic acid and Portland cement are carried out Homogeneous phase mixing according to a certain percentage, Portland cement is 10%, 20%, 30% of medical refuse burning flyash and humic acid reaction product quality, add appropriate deionized water to stir, be placed in mould and be greater than 90% and cured at room temperature 24h in relative humidity, the demoulding after 24h, the firming body obtained continues to be cured to the required time under the same conditions, namely the hardening time selected is 3 days, 7 days and 14 days.
Below by specific embodiment, method of the present invention is described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.Test method described in following example, if no special instructions, is conventional method; Described equipment and material, if no special instructions, all can obtain from industrial production or commercial sources;
Embodiment 1
Medical refuse burning flyash dries 24h at 105 DEG C, dry after medical refuse burning flyash evenly add 10%(mass percentage) humic acid (business humic acid, humic acid content >90%, ignition residue <5%, moisture content <8%), keep 72h under room temperature.Product and normal portland cement are mixed according to certain ratio, the shared in the mixture ratio of cement is 10%(mass percentage respectively), the normal portland cement (Ordinary Portland Cement) of the cement used in test to be specification be 425 labels, after mixing, add appropriate deionized water to stir, then pour in the mould of Φ 20mm × 30mm, 90% and cured at room temperature 24h is greater than in relative humidity, the demoulding after 24h, the firming body obtained continues to be cured to the required time under the same conditions, namely the hardening time selected is 3 days, 7 days and 14 days.
Adopt national standard HJ/T299-2007 toxicity to leach program test to firming body, test employing 3 Duplicate Samples, test result gets the mean value of 3 Duplicate Samples.
Table 1 is the chemical composition of medical refuse burning flyash, table 2 is the chemical composition of normal portland cement, table 3 is the content of beary metal of medical refuse burning flyash, table 4 is the Leaching of Heavy Metals characteristic of medical refuse burning flyash, table 5 for after medical refuse burning flyash adopts humic acid fixing-stable, then adopts cement to carry out Leaching of Heavy Metals characteristic after secondary fixing/stabilising.
The chemical composition (wt.%) of table 1 medical refuse burning flyash
The chemical composition (wt%) of table 2 normal portland cement
The content of beary metal (wt.%) of table 3 medical refuse burning flyash
Table 4 medical refuse burning flyash Leaching of Heavy Metals characteristic (μ g/L)
Leaching of Heavy Metals characteristic (μ g/L) after table 5 medical refuse burning flyash secondary fixing/stabilising
Embodiment 2
The chemical composition of medical refuse burning flyash and content of beary metal and Leaching of Heavy Metals characteristic are with embodiment 1, normal portland cement chemical composition is with embodiment 1, medical refuse burning flyash dries 24h at 105 DEG C, dry after medical refuse burning flyash evenly add 20%(mass percentage) humic acid (business humic acid), keep 240h under room temperature.Product and normal portland cement are mixed according to certain ratio, the shared in the mixture ratio of cement is 20%(mass percentage), after mixture mixes, add appropriate deionized water to stir, then pour in the mould of Φ 20mm × 30mm, be greater than 90% and cured at room temperature 24h in relative humidity, the demoulding after 24h, the firming body obtained continues to be cured to the required time under the same conditions, and the hardening time namely selected is 3 days, 7 days and 14 days.
Adopt national standard HJ/T299-2007 toxicity to leach program test to firming body, test employing 3 Duplicate Samples, test result gets the mean value of 3 Duplicate Samples, and test result is in table 6.
Leaching of Heavy Metals characteristic (μ g/L) after table 6 medical refuse burning flyash secondary fixing/stabilising
Embodiment 3
The chemical composition of medical refuse burning flyash and content of beary metal and Leaching of Heavy Metals characteristic are with embodiment 1, normal portland cement chemical composition is with embodiment 1, medical refuse burning flyash dries 24h at 105 DEG C, dry after medical refuse burning flyash evenly add 30%(mass percentage) humic acid (business humic acid), keep 240h under room temperature.Product and normal portland cement are mixed according to certain ratio, the shared in the mixture ratio of cement is 30%(mass percentage), after mixture mixes, add appropriate deionized water to stir, then pour in the mould of Φ 20mm × 30mm, be greater than 90% and cured at room temperature 24h in relative humidity, the demoulding after 24h, the firming body obtained continues to be cured to the required time under the same conditions, and the hardening time namely selected is 3 days, 7 days and 14 days.
Adopt national standard HJ/T299-2007 toxicity to leach program test to firming body, test employing 3 Duplicate Samples, test result gets the mean value of 3 Duplicate Samples, and test result is in table 7.
Leaching of Heavy Metals characteristic (μ g/L) after table 7 medical refuse burning flyash secondary fixing/stabilising
Claims (3)
1. a method for medical refuse burning flyash curing/stabilizing process, the method comprises 2 key steps, and the 1st step is the heavy metal that use humic acid fixes in medical refuse burning flyash, 2nd step is the fixing product using Portland cement to fix the 1st step, make heavy metal obtain sufficient secondary by these 2 steps to fix, specifically first the composition of medical refuse burning flyash is measured, medical refuse burning flyash and humic acid are prepared according to mass percent, wherein the adding proportion of humic acid is 10% or 20% or 30%, 24h or 72h or 240h is kept under room temperature, then cement is added, cement quality accounts for 10% or 20% or 30% of medical refuse burning flyash and humic acid reaction product quality, add appropriate deionized water to stir, be placed in mould and be greater than 90% and cured at room temperature 24h in relative humidity, the demoulding after 24h, the firming body obtained continues solidification 3 days or 7 days or 14 days under the same conditions, national standard HJ/T299-2007 toxicity is adopted to leach program test to firming body, test employing 3 Duplicate Samples, test result gets the mean value of 3 Duplicate Samples.
2. the method for medical refuse burning flyash curing/stabilizing process as claimed in claim 1, the normal portland cement of the cement adopted in the method to be specification be 425 labels.
3. the method for medical refuse burning flyash curing/stabilizing process as claimed in claim 1, the die size adopted in the method is Φ 20mm × 30mm.
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| CN105623286B (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-11-07 | 重庆三峰环境产业集团有限公司 | The method and its clean applications in road surface of macromolecule resin material encapsulating domestic garbage incineration flyash |
| CN112169245A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-05 | 湖南工业大学 | Chelating agent for treating medical waste incineration fly ash and preparation method thereof |
| CN116000069B (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-11-17 | 一夫科技股份有限公司 | Method and system for processing waste resources |
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